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The article is dedicated to the study of the political biography of Nikolaj von Wassilko, a well-known Bukovinian leader, one of the most controversial personages among Ukrainian politicians of Austria-Hungary at the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century. It is worth mentioning that many scientists from various countries wrote about N. Wassilko, but separate studies about his life and political activities have not been written yet. Author paid considerable attention to the formation of N. Wassilko's political views, the evolution of his preferences from conservative Rusynism and Moscophilia philosophy to the populistic doctrine. Since the beginning of the 20th century, N. Wassilko became almost the sole leader of Ukrainians in Bukovina. The article presents the analysis of his activities in the Austrian Parliament, the Diet of Bukovina, public organizations, and his initiatives to resolve various regional issues. His activities in the years of World War I were equally rich. In particular, the article shows his diplomatic activities as the ambassador of the ZUNR (West Ukrainian People's Republic) in Vienna, the ambassador of the UPR (Ukrainian People's Republic) in Switzerland and other countries. At the end of the research, the author points out the remarkable path of N. Wassilko in the history of the Ukrainian movement in Bukovina in the early twentieth century, as one of the central figures of the Ukrainian diplomacy during 1918-1924.

The works of Simion Florea Marian belong to the stage of a full assertion of the Romanian spirituality which found expression in Bukovina in the second half of the nineteenth century. His historical legends, traditions, and mythology written and published over the years have had a great impact on the Romanian culture, influencing the way in which people could value their spiritual heritage. His legacy is most complex, featuring various aspects; hence the historiography dedicated to the scholar Simion Florea Marian should be solid and extensive. In this study, we have aimed to highlight the historical legends of the 13th and 14th centuries and, if possible, to compare them with the Moldavian chronicles, the processes, and events from an important period of the Middle Ages, from the great Mongolian invasions until the completion of the second Romanian mediaeval state. The geographic locations, which are quite precise in the texts Simion Florea Marian put into circulation, have been of great help in our attempt; this is important considering that fragments of his legends intertwine with actual historical events.

This article aims at a brief description of the main Romanian press landmarks in Bukovina (1775-1918). Starting from the first chronicle printed in Chernivtsi (1811), the first Bukovina newspaper edited by the brothers Gheorghe and Alexandru Hurmuzachi was published between 1848 and 1850. The late 19th century brings to the fore the press representatives of the various Romanian political factions in Bukovina, which dominated the public scene until the outbreak of the First World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared to the Habsburg era, when Yiddish writings were hardly printed in Bukovina - due to the centralized policy of Vienna and the openness towards integration and assimilation on the part of numerous Bukovinian Jews, as well as because of the status of Yiddish as the language of uneducated Jews - the Yiddish printing industry, as well as the Yiddish libraries didn't develop until the early 1920s, simultaneously with the emergence of national identity concepts. This paper is based on descriptive research and discusses the importance of these institutions in shaping trajectories of cultural, national and linguistic identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The memoirs of Aniţa Nandriş-Cudla, a countrywoman from the North of Bukovina, occupy an important place in what regards the literature dedicated to the Stalinist deportations of the post-war period. The detailed analysis of the facts depicted, the thorough investigation of the historic conditions of the events that make up the epic weaving of the narrative, the scrupulous examination the Siberian course of a family cut short by the war in all the stages of its absurd deportation lead to the conclusion that Aniţa Nandriş-Cudla's memoirs represent a document of utmost importance for the understanding of the national, social and political processes that Bukovina had to pass through in the 20th century. Thus, these memoirs posses a triple value: historical, literary and philological, constituting an important source of information for the historiography of Bukovina and also a vast material for such academic disciplines as Linguistics or Literary History. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the organization and functioning of the strategic planning process during between September 1940, when power was seized by General Ion Antonescu, who became the leader of the Romanian state, temporarily associating himself with the Legionary Movement, and June 22, 1941, when Romania joined Germany in "Operation Barbarossa" with the goal of liberating Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, both annexed by the Soviet Union the year before. Romania's most important strategic objective was to defend its eastern borders, specifically the region between River Prut and Eastern Carpathians, the Danube mouths and the Romanian littoral at the Black Sea. In spite of the guarantees offered by Germany and Italy on August 30, 1940, the Soviet Union maintained an aggressive conduct. This fact triggered the deployment to this region of the most important forces, the erection of important fortification, such as the Focani-Nămoloasa-Brăila fortified line, and the elaboration of projects aiming to repel a potential aggressive action. After the arrival of the German Military Mission and Romania becoming a member of the Tripartite Pact, the plans of the General Staff were adjusted in accordance with German needs, represented by the two major operations, "Marita" and "Barbarossa". If, in what the former was concerned, Romania only had a modest role, in the latter Bucharest had a major interest, Ion Antonescu believing that the reclamation of the two provinces could only be achieved with German help. As a consequence, the General Staff, which was the structure tasked with strategic planning, followed the directives of the German High Command, taking steps to prepare the Romanian forces for action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This scientific paper focuses on the lesser-known events that occurred during the First World War in the northern part of Romania - the Royal Domain of Brosteni, located on the border with Bukovina and Transylvania. This research looks at both diplomatic actions and military operations involving both combatants. The author focuses on the role of Russian armies in northern Romania and their interactions with Romanian troops, as well as the implications of the Bucharest Peace Treaty for the configuration of the Romanian-Austro-Hungarian border. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Проаналізовано основні причини ліквідації Державного єврейського театру УРСР, який було створено у Харкові у 1925 році. У 1934 р. театр переїхав до Києва, а після приєднання Північної Буковини до складу Радянської України, він отримав нове місце прописки – Чернівці. У зв’язку із двадцятирічним ювілеєм театру, йому було надано ім’я видатного єврейського драматурга і письменника Шолом-Алейхема. На початку 1950 р. за рішенням місцевої влади театр було закрито, усе його майно було передано на зберігання до Чернівецького українського драматичного театру. Актуа- льність дослідження. Певна невизначеність у сучасній історичній літературі з приводу розуміння причин ліквідації Єв- рейського театру в Чернівцях, змусило автора статті звернутися до архівних матеріалів з історії цього театру. Висновки. Причинами закриття Державного єврейського театру ім. Шолом-Алейхема була державна політика боротьби з «космополітизмом і буржуазним націоналізмом». Театр було закрито 4 лютого 1950 р. на підставі таємного повідомлення МДБ УРСР від 5 серпня 1949 р. «Про націоналістичні настрої працівників Чернівецького єврейського театру».

Bukovina was the second province which made the union with its motherland, after Bessarabia. 100 years ago, on November 28th, 1918, the proclamation of the union of Bukovina with Romania occurred, an important historic moment in the building of the Romanian unitary national state, together with the previous union of Bessarabia – March 27th , - and previous union of Transylvania, on December 1st, 1918. On the same date, November 28th, 1918, the General Congress of Bukovina announced the powers of the Entente that the inhabitants of this territory decided to return to old borders, respectively to the Kingdom of Romania, “in virtue of the rights of the people to decide their own fate”

This paper is an attempt to bring to light the manner in which Hasidism emerged inside the Jewish tradition not just as a climax of previous mystical developments, but also under the direct influence of Hesychasm and Sufism. All of these types of mysticism seem to have met in 18th century Moldova (the Bogdan province of the Ottoman Empire), in the new and revolutionary outlook of an unusual man called Israel ben Eliezer, also known as Baal Shem Tov ("the master of the good name"), who appears to have been born there, although he started preaching only after moving to Poland. Regardless of how much of his story as we know it today is true or legendary, his imprint on the evolution of the oldest monotheistic religion is undeniable and still awaits further scrutiny, despite the number of works written about him so far. Considering that the movement he set in motion, which started as an offshoot of mainstream Judaism meant to solve a religious crisis by straying partially away from the established religious practices, proposing to worship God not just through prayer but also through storytelling, music and dance, and to replace the rabbi with the tzaddik (righteous/wise man), has nowadays ended up by being the most ultra-Orthodox form of Jewishness, it is interesting to fathom the extent to which it was infused by Islamic ideas. The article therefore also takes into account the Islamic influence on the evolution of Jewish mysticism, from the emergence of Islam until today's Jewish liturgical and meditative practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The statues of the city of Czernowitz/Cernăuți/Chernovtsy/Chernivtsi -- the capital of the historical province of Bukovina -- are a generous subject of study given that the repeated changes of power (Austrian, Romanian, Soviet, and Ukrainian) have brought with them the transformation of the politics of memory and identity. Each of these political regimes that the city went through wanted to prove the legitimacy of owning this territory. Our paper aims to illustrate how the cultural landscape was shaped and remodelled according to the loyalty, creed, sympathies and political or ideological ambitions of successive regimes in the provincial capital of Bukovina. Starting from narrative-historical sources, it examines the sensory commitment of local authorities to the urban environment concerning the changing political realities and how the denial or removal of symbols of the former administrations is equivalent to assuming a new identity. In particular, it presents the intervention of the political factor and its role in shaping the recollection of the city's main squares. Finally, our findings show that the monuments in the urban landscape have the potential of identity markers, which transform memory -- despite its ephemeral and fluid character -- into a continuous present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present research investigates the territorial limits of the forest reserve with which Holy Prince Stephen the Great endowed Putna Monastery through his initial deed dated March 15, 1490 and reinforced on November 17, 1502. The paper describes the evolution of this forest reserve area from Prince Vasile Lupu’s deed, dated April 15, 1647, to the final area inscribed on the Austrian map entitled Topografische Bukowiner Kreis-Karte (1790). The goal is to determine the evolution of the real estate of Putna Monastery, one of the most important land owners in northern Moldavia: according to Karl A. Romstorfer, in 1783, most of the newly-established Religion Fund was made of Putna’s lands. It was also significant that, before incorporation, the Duchy of Bukovina was called Territorium Putni, which indicated both the economic and institutional status of Putna Monastery in the local people’s perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Endocrinology / Mìžnarodnij Endokrinologìčnij Žurnal is the property of Zaslavsky O.Yu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of the interpretation of Sidor Vorobkevich's choral works in A. Kushnirenko's creative work and the specificity of their popularization in Western Ukrainian lands. The methodology of the research is to use materials that characterize the choral work of Sidor Vorobkevich, which contributes to the development of the musical culture of the region and the creative achievements of A. Kushnirenko, who made a great contribution to the popularization of the composer's choral heritage. The scientific novelty of the work is that for the first time the interpretation of Sidor Vorobkevich's choral works is considered in the creative and research work of the well-known choral conductor, composer, organizer of music life in Bukovyna Andriy Kushnirenko, who contributed to the revival and popularization of forgotten creativity. Conclusions. The research revealed that the specificity of S. Vorobkevich's choral works and the peculiarities of their interpretation in A. Kushnirenko's creative work is an important component in the Ukrainian choral heritage, which contributes to the revival and development of choral art. Generalized results of the creative activity of Bukovyna artists S. Vorobkevich and A. Kushnirenko, who first raised from oblivion the musical heritage of his predecessor, which laid the foundations of the scientific study of folk song creativity. Choral creativity of S. Vorobkevich and A. Kushnirenko's research work, peculiarities of interpretation of choral works are characterized. The focus is on regional and integrative aspects of the historical choral heritage of Bukovina artists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Polish communities from Bukovina have been studied in the last period through several research projects, initiated by both Polish and Romanian researchers. One of them is the Audiovisual Linguistic Atlas of Bukovina (ALAB), which aims to realize a radiography in multimedia format of the ethnolinguistic diversity of Bukovina. Regarding the Polish ethnic minority, in 2016 two field studies have been carried out in two localities: Bulai and Poiana Micului. Following the analysis of the material thus obtained, we managed to capture some characteristics both at the linguistic and the sociolinguistic level that individualize the two communities. Thus, from a linguistic point of view, the two dialects are different both at phonetic and lexical level, the Bulai dialect being more similar to the Polish literary language. At the sociolinguistic level has been observed the presence of a strong epilinguistic component in the Polish people speech, based on the representations and the attitudes that the Polish ethnic groups have regarding the status and the vitality of their own dialects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reopens the discussion on Andrei Popovici, the village priest in Udesti, who was the focus of one of our previous studies on Bukovina, published in Meridian Critic (Diaconu 2018). This rereading is based on the discovery of a text written by V. Simiganovschi, himself a priest in Udesti between 1908-1936, in which he wanted to reveal what he called "the mythology" created around this emblematic figure. However, a close analysis of the facts and contexts calls into question V. Simiganovschi's hypothesis and allows for new interpretations of priest Andrei Popovici s decision to not make a formal oath of allegiance to the Austrians in 1777. Moreover, the whole anecdotal evidence also highlights certain particularities of the Bukovinian spirit, which no longer fits common stereotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tragic fate of the land of Bukovina is captured by Radu Mareş from the perspective of an evolution, experienced by the heroes who enliven his narrative work. However, these heroes live in a complicated political and social period, known as Greater Romania, which precedes the Second World War. It is known that in those days, the rise of the Iron Guard influenced the history of many people. From a certain perspective, the fate of some characters presented in the book also foretells the tragic fate of this beautiful land, located at the edge of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literary creation of the Bukovinian writer Mircea Streinul has as a central point the valorization of the Romanian cultural space and the spiritual conduct specific to the local population. The present study is an analysis of the novel The Wolf from Hutzul Land, seen as the projection of the Bukovinian ethos, which combines in its structure the mystical valences, in which the human being is in a perfect stage of relationship with the natural environment, and the civilizing coordinates imposed on the archaic background by foreign domination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we present some initiatives, belonging to both institutions and some personalities in the field, which led to the foundation, in Bukovina, of an "exceptional tradition" of collecting and publishing folklore (which began in the middle of the 19th century) and subsequently, its cultivation. Thus, we will refer to the moment when the first questionnaires were distributed in Bukovina, the context in which they circulated, the impact that these methodological tools had on the circle of Bukovinian intellectuals, targeted as possible collaborators/respondents, the motivations of those who answered them, the final results of the use of this method in the ethnofolkloric space of Bukovina and their contribution to the development of Romanian folklore, at a certain moment of its evolution. I. G. Sbiera, S. Fl. Marian, Dimitrie Dan, Constantin Morariu, Matthias Friedwagner, Alexandru Voevidca are some of the people to whom the folklore in Bukovina owes its existance and its achievement level, which is quite remarcable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Until now, it has been impossible to identify any evidence of the existence of a collective identity for the major part of the peasant population of Bukovina, despite some previous attempts at highlighting these imagined identities and their presence in the memory of social groups. Both Stephen, the sovereign, and Ioannes, the saint, belong to Bukovina and have their central memory places there. The Romanian elites tended to look upon Stephen the Great and Putna as a tangible foundation for building an all-Romanian identity. There is also a second concept-almost diametrically opposed to the former one: the traditional notion of identity of the "Romanian" peasants in Bukovina, likely engendering in the local imagination a regionally superior, homogeneous connection with a possible "national body of all Romania." Saint Ioannes Novi of Suceava embodies this perspective and was probably only of limited suitability in anchoring the modern idea of nation. However, even Stephen the Great is remembered as a "sacral decoupled national figure of identification by a large number of Romanians," and did not become a patron saint of the country. On the contrary, his canonization in 1992 is rather an attempt to highlight the importance of the autocephalous Romanian Orthodox Church, which-after the collapse of the socialist system-created its first saint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Codrul Cosminului is the property of Codrul Cosminului and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Мойсей Антоний. Научные труды С.Ф. Мариана - новый этап в исследовании традиционной культуры и быта среди населения Буковины . Цель исследования заключается в попытке ввести в научный оборот широкого круга исследователей имя С. Ф. Мариана и ознакомить с его трудами заинтересованных в сфере этнографии, фольклора. Методология содержит исторические методы исследования и сравнительный анализ. Новизна исследования. Творчество и научные работы С.Ф. Марианна малоизученные в украинской историографии. Названные научные произведения охватывают жизнь человека от рождения до прилюдных похорон в традиционном обрядовом контексте, являясь одновременно первым монографическим исследованием подобного масштаба. Выводы. С. Ф. Мариан оставил огромное этнографическую наследство, состоящее из более 150-ти исторических и этнографических работ, большого количества рукописных материалов. Работы автора значимые для изучения буковинской этнографии. Огромный слой эмпирического материала, собранный в этом районе, имена буковинских информаторов, параллели с индоевропейскими народами, создали важное основание для дальнейшего научного поиска.Moysey Antoniy. Scientific work of S. F. Marian as a new stage in the investigation of traditional culture and everyday life among Bukovyna population. Introduction. Simion Floria Marian is a well-known Romanian folklorist, ethnographer, historian and writer who had made a significant contribution to the the traditional culture study of Bukovinian ethnos in the second half of the nineteenth century ‑ at the beginning of the twentieth century. The aim of the study is to attempt introducing the scientific name of S.F. Marian in a scientific circle, to acquaint with his scientific works in the field of ethnography and folklore. The object of the research is the scientific works of S.F. Marian, what is devoted to the traditional culture of the Bukovina population. Methodology. This work uses historical research methods and comparative analysis. Novelty of research. Creativity and scientific work of S.F. Mariana is poorly researched in Ukrainian historiography. These scientific works covered human life from birth to public funeral in a traditional ritual context, being at the same time the first monographic study of this issue. Conclusions. S. F. Marian left a huge ethnographic heritage, consisting of more than 150 historical and ethnographic works, a large number of manuscripts. He conducted his ethnographic research in three main areas: 1. Family Rites: Romanian Families, Youth in Romanians, Romanian Wedding, Funeral in Romanians; 2. Calendar ritual: "Holidays in Romanians" in 3 volumes; 3. Works devoted to popular names and terms: "The Chromatics of the Romanian people", "Romanian folk ornithology", "Romanian folk precepts", "Enemies, sorcery and their casting", "Insects in the language, beliefs and customs of the Romanians", etc. SF Marian is considered the discoverer of new areas of ethnographic research: folk chromaticism, ethnosology, ethnobotany. The author's works are important for studying Bukovinian ethnography. The enormous layer of empirical material collected in the area, the names of the Bukovinian informants, parallels the Indo-European peoples, created an important basis for further scientific research.

A component part of the Romanian State's individuality, Bukovina was at the beginning of the Great War, due to its special geopolitical position, in the centre of the interests of the Austro -Hungarian Empire, Russian Empire, and German Empire and naturally, of the legitimate interests of the Kingdom of Romania. The very diverse ethnic and confessional structure of Bukovina (Romanians, Ukrainians, Jews, Germans, Poles, Hungarians etc.) sustained different interests and preoccupations of its inhabitants during the war. As regards the loyalty towards the Danube Monarchy, we mention the attitude of the Germans and Jews, the Ukrainians acting for the creation of an independent state, whereas the Romanians were put in a delicate position, given the suspicions manifested by the Austrian authorities towards them. The Poles enlisted as volunteers in the Legions created by Jozef Pilsudski, fighting for the creation of an own state. Bukovina was three times under the occupation of the Tsarist troops (September /October 1914, 26th of November 1914,23rd of January 1915 and June 1916), period during which it was subject to hostilities specific to an occupational regime. After the entry of the Kingdom of România into the war (14th of August 1916), the Romanian soldiers, enlisted in the Austro-Hungarian army, were sent to fight on the Italian front. A War Council, conducted by the General Eduard Fischer, was empowered to apply capital punishment to all the persons who committed grave offences, such as espionage or treason. The persons suspected to be able of treason or hostility towards the Habsburg authorities were confined in the detention camps from Thalerof (Sty ria), Munkacs (Hungary) and Olmütz (Moravia). The volunteers enlisted in the so-called „Bukovina Legion”. The fate of those who remained at home (women, children and old persons) was under the sign of suspicion manifested by the Austro-Hungarian authorities as regards their loyalty towards the two-headed monarchy. Our paper develops and studies in detail, based on documents, Bukovina's evolution during the Great War.

The collection of photographs presents a brief history of World War I at eastern and southern front. The author of these pictures, Jindřich Bišický (1889– 1949), was an official photographer of the 47th regiment of c.k. Austrian-Hungarian army during his military journey to Galicia, Bukovina as well as the southern Alps. He portrayed a daily life of soldiers also outside the direct battle actions. Further, the collection includes the evidence of lifestyle at the areas affected by war. For instance, pictures 24 and 26 preserve the memory of inhabitants living in Shtetl Delatyn who, with minor losses, survived World War I. It is however horrible that on July 1, 1941 the German army occupied Delatyn and on October 16, 1941 about 1950 Jews from this Shtetl were murdered in the forest outside the town and buried in three mass graves.

One of the great challenges of the transition to the 1900s was the state of health of the inhabitants of Bukovina. Facing with all sorts of clinical cases, the physicians have tried to understand their mechanisms, identifying at the same time the biological and social dysfunctions or the cultural patterns that generated them. Some of these physicians would reveal to people that food is not just a blessing and that, under certain conditions, it can become the enemy of health, bringing with it misery and death. From 1880 to 1910, a large number of people, mostly adults, fell victim to pellagra, tuberculosis, and alcoholism. The campaigns to combat social diseases initiated by the personalities of the epoch, the press involvement, and the politicians' interrogations have become increasingly common. Equally, a different kind of medicine was called to affirm its ability to heal the illnesses caused by poverty and ignorance, helping and teaching the sick to avoid the adverse effects of their excesses.

Modern historiography often presents Austrian Bukovina (1775-1918) as a model for the management of a multi-ethnic and multi-confessional territory. Many researchers have noted that, due to the policies promoted by the House of Habsburg, this province of the empire did not record religious and ethnic conflicts between national communities. On the other hand, at the end of World War I, all ethnic groups, except the German and Jews, adopted hostile positions against maintaining the integrity of Austria-Hungary. This has also been noticed by other historians to highlight the irredentism of non-German nationalities in Bukovina. This study attempts to analyse whether the dominant mood in the province at the end of the Great War was specific to non-German elites around and in the beginning of World War I, or it is the result of population adapting to the aftereffects of the world conflagration. The analysis is based on unpublished archival sources, testimonies of contemporaries and 1913-1914 local press articles.

The article presents an analysis of the Austrian politics regarding the problem of standardization of the Ukrainian language, based on the materials of Austrian State Archives in Vienna and the legal acts of central ministries. We have described the process of introduction of the phonetic spelling in all spheres of life in Galicia and Bukovina, and revealed its geopolitical and nation-oriented meaning. This process was objective and legal; it was based on the principles of the Austro-Slavism and the spirit of modernization.

In the proposed investigation, readers can consider the life path and working activity of the Dimitrie Dan – Romanian priest, public figure, historian, ethnographer and academician. In 2017 the 90th anniversary of his death was commemorated. Traditional culture of Bukovinian ethnic groups, folk beliefs of the Romanians from this region, history of churches and localities were topics under his scientific interest. In his investigations, the researcher followed the principle of authenticity; he used the method of comparative analysis, and he was admiring the ideas of the European ethno-psychological school. In his working method, it is felt the influence of the eminent Romanian ethnographer Simeon Florea Marian.

Антоний Мойсей Родильная обрядность населения Буковины в научных трудах румынских исследователей ІІ половины XIX - начала XXI века. Аннотация. Результаты многочисленного фундаментального анкетирования, этнографического и фольклорного материала, собранного во время полевых исследований представлены в данной статье. Появление серьезных теоретических разработок румынских ученых приводят сегодня к процессу осмысления огромного массива эмпирического материала, накопленного в течение более чем столетия. С меньшим количеством использованных буковинских материалов, но с высокой долей теоретической фундаментальности к этому ряду следует приобщить монографию И. Гина «Этот мир, тот мир» и работу Н.А. Штюк «На пороге белого света», в которых обряды, сопровождающие появление на свет новорожденного человека, получают глубинную философскую колоратуру. Ключевые слова: Буковина, румыны Буковины, родильная обрядность, трансформация обрядов, анкетирование, типологизация, повитуха, прорицательница. Moysey Antoniy Maternity rites of population of Bukovina in scientific studies of the Romanian researchers the second half of the ХІХ - early XXI centuries Abstract. In this article the information component is presented in the works of different generations of Romanian ethnographers concerning maternity rites of the population of Bukovina, its southern and northern parts. Considered availability of materials is obtained from informants from Bukovina, which is a result of massive ethnographic survey conducted since the second half of the XIX century and to the nowadays. Among them is certainly valuable information about the population of Bukovina is analyzed in the article “Linguistically-mythological” questionnaire, conducted on the initiative of B.P. Hashdeu in 1884-1885 years; much research work represent "Bucharest sociological school", were held in the interwar period (material regarding Bukovina is used in the work of K. Kostaforu); fundamental research was provided under the accumulation of material for Romanian Ethnographic Atlas assembly, initiated by the Institute of Ethnography and Folklore "Constantin Braila" of the Romanian Academy of Sciences; a large amount of source material on the subject, which is stored in the collections of Iasi Branch of the Romanian Institute of Philology of A. Filipide of the Romanian Academy of Sciences entitled "Folklore Archives of Moldova and Bucovina", collected during the project "common folk and ethnographic questionnaire" (1969 - 2010). To understand the typological characteristics of the maternity rituals Ukrainians and Romanians in Bukovina article deals with the monograph, based on a rich Bukovinian source materials. The most noun materials in this current question are researches of S. F. Marian, E. Nikulitse-Voroky, A. Horoveya. For the current state of development of the designated subject is demonstrative A. Hulubash`s monograph, based on materials already mentioned "common folk and ethnographic questionnaire." Moreover, it should be emphasized that the Bukovinian materials were widely represented in works devoted to Moldova. However, it mostly concerns southern Bukovina and only partially to the northern part. These gaps are filled with materials collected in the works of S.F. Marian, E. Nikulitse-Voronky, including also collection from Ukrainian villages. Key words: Bukovina, Bukovina Romanians, maternity ritualism, rites of transformation, questioning, typology, midwife, prophetess.

Tematyka pogranicza, szczególnie w latach powojennych jest jednym z kluczowych problemów, z którymi przychodzi się zmierzyć elitom politycznym. Dodatkowym utrudnieniem dla rozwiązania ewentualnych kwestii są zamieszkałe po obu stronach granicy mniejszości narodowe. Problemem o dużym znaczeniu politycznym po I wojnie światowej była przynależność państwowa Galicji Wschodniej i Bukowiny – terytoriów historycznie przynależnych do Polski i Rumunii. Próbę omówienia tej problematyki starano się dokonać w niniejszy artykuł. Kluczowe słowa: granica, pogranicze, państwo, Galicja, Bukowina, Czerniowce. The subject of the borderland, especially in the post-war years, is one of the key problems faced by the political elite. National minorities on both sides of the border are an additional difficulty in resolving possible issues. A problem of great political importance after the First World War was the nationality of Eastern Galicia and Bukovina – territories historically belonging to Poland and Romania. An attempt to discuss this issue has been made in this article.

Foreign Trade of Galicia and Bukovina and Other Austrian Countries at the End of the 19th Century Based on German Railway Statistics

The present study analyzes, on the basis of a novel written by Gregor von Rezzori (1914-1998) and entitled Ein Hermelin in Tschernopol (1958)--translated into English first as The Hussar, and then as An Ermine in Czernopol--the Habsburg myth of Austrian literature in the context of the cultural-ideological paradigm of Central Europe (a multiethnic, multilingual, and multi-confessional area). Rezzori fractures and reshapes the imperial myth, alternating between gravitas, irony, and the burlesque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our work intends to reread Paul Celan's poetic work in the light of the special historical-cultural constellation in Bukovina, the former crown land in the east of the Habsburg monarchy. It was a "exceptionalism" phenomenon unique in Central Europe: in this enclave the Jews played an essential social role because of their German-language acculturation, in which most liked to express an illusionary "German-Jewish" symbiosis. The nationalisms of the 19th and 20th centuries made every effort to destroy the Bukovinian "special route" of heterogeneity and to homogenize the country and the people. After the war, the young Paul Antschel still had in the name of this "special way" thought of his German language and the traditions of German poetry--his poetry is "extraordinary" also because it arose from this reflex until he understood that the illusion had failed. It was only this disillusionment that shaped his lyrical discourse in the fundamental renewal of the "German" poetic language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research has several objectives in mind. The first is to identify the exact location of the ghetto in Vatra Dornei, that existed in October 1940. So far, no one has found and described exactly the streets where this ghetto was located or the capacity it had. The second objective is to identify people who were confined in that ghetto before being deported to Trans nistria. The third objective is to identify the participants in the confinement of the Jewish population in the ghetto, respectively the perpetrators and co-perpetrators of crimes and abuses com - mitted against the Jewish population of Vatra Dornei, in 1941. The Jews of Vatra Dornei were especially active in hotels and services, forestry, as well as in the liberal professions. From the Vatra Dornei area, according to some sources, approximately 2,500 Jews were deported together with other Jews from Câmpulung - a total of 6,118 people. At the request of the local and German authorities, 21 Jews were sent back from Transnistria to Vatra Dornei, because they were effectively indispensable. This research on the Holocaust conducted at the scale of small community can be compared to the development of the cell in an organism. The Holocaust would not have existed without these small cells multiplied hundreds of times, maybe even thousands of times. In addition, this micro-history, researched and analyzed, reveals details that are also arguments for contesting the theses according to which the Holocaust began only after 22 June 1941, or it was possible only where state institutions were dissolved. The main sources for this research are made up of the National Archives in Suceava. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What happened in the summer of1940 was not a tragedy - simply because this metaphor lacks the much needed precision when discussing Romania's borders. A tragedy involves surprises, plot twists, unexpected interventions of fate itself. With one notable exception (the rapid capitulation of France), the facts behind our collapse in 1940 should not have been surprising in the least, many of them having accumulated for years and even decades. Indeed, the summer of 1940 represented the humiliation of the Romanian state and the collective bankruptcy of the political and military elite ruling the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that it was not only physical borders that challenged people’s biographies in the 20th century, but also shifts in ideology, discourse and predominant languages. I shall explore the biography of a man called Cornel, a native of Bukovina who was a communist cultural official in Romania’s capital Bucharest in the 1960s and who became a priest in the 1970s. I shall show that not only obvious breaks such as the beginning and end of communist rule, but ideological shifts too within Romanian communism prompted Cornel to thoroughly reassess himself. For Cornel, it was the ‘mini-cultural revolution’ of 1971 under the rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu that quickly convinced him to leave his job at the Romanian Ministry of Culture and reinvent himself as an Orthodox priest. But was his self-reinvention successful? A thorough analysis of his biography shows that his linguistic biography—oscillating between Romanian, Ukrainian and Russian—contains crucial elements of productive adaptation and continuity that enabled him repeatedly and successfully to circumvent borders imposed by newly emerging policies. His “third” identity as a writer has given him continuity and self-assurance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In summer 1917, the last major campaign was fought between Russia and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. After the abolition of the Romanov dynasty in March 1917, the new Russian government decided that the Dual Monarchy had to be knocked out of the war. To execute this bold plan, the Russian Minister of War Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky initiated a grand-scale offensive. Although initially achieving impressive successes, the Russians could not duplicate the results of the Brusilov Offensive of the previous year. After withstanding the attack, the Central Powers led a successful counteroffensive, which nearly swept the enemy completely out of Austro- Hungarian territory. This near-victory transformed into a catastrophe for the Russians, for they could not continue the war. After the Bolshevik takeover, they were forced to sign a ceasefire. In March 1918, a peace treaty was also signed in Brest-Litovsk, which sealed the defeat of Russia in WW1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deal with the impacts of different wood logging techniques on the soil parameters in the spruce forests of Eastern Carpathians- Romania. Experiments were made in soils formed on two geological substrates (crystalline schist’s and flish) and shows the changes induced in the bulk density, moisture %, and time of infiltration of 100 mm water column, in two kinds of wood harvesting: heavy tractors and logging with horses. Measurements made with standardizes methods shows increasing of bulk density of the soils until 30-40 cm deep. On the loamy - sandy soils the bulk density increase from 0,6 g/cm3 to 1,15 g/cm3 in the first 15 cm. On the soils developed on flisch, the bulk density increase in the first 5 cm from 0,6 g/cm3 to 0,84 g/cm3. The infiltration time of a 100 mm water column increase of 10-15 times, mainly on the soils developed on flish at 1-10 cm. At 20 cm in the soil deep the infiltration time increase of 3-3,6 times under the tractors extraction roads and 1-1,2 times under the horses extraction roads. The consequences of soil compaction on the functioning of soils and forest are discussed and some measures for the reduction of the impacts are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been given increased attention to the health-promoting dietary recommendations as regards the use of wild berries in human nutrition. This study analyzes the differences in the consumption of wild berries in the Bukovina area (in the northern part of Romania). Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L), rosehip (Rosa Canina L.) and hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.) are the plants harvested from spontaneous flora, with diverse uses, such as preparation of juices, tinctures and decoctions or tea beverages due to their medicinal and nutritional potential. Wild berries are also processed for production of beverages, jams, as functional food products, and, to some extent, they are consumed fresh as well. The consumers' preferences were established by the analysis of questionnaires of 101 respondents interviewed concerning different botanicals used in a particular geographical and cultural context. The results show that the selections of wild berries containing many biochemical compounds are mostly used as teas or decoctions due to their nutritional role and health benefits. The preference for sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L) was strongly associated with its dietary benefits for the immune system. The consumption of wild berries is considered important by the Romanians living in Bukovina in fresh form, as beverages or in the dried form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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