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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder with an inflammatory condition targeting the joints that affects millions of patients worldwide. Several unmet needs still need to be addressed despite recent improvements in the management of RA. Although current RA therapies can diminish inflammation and alleviate symptoms, many patients remain unresponsive or experience flare-ups of their ailment. The present study aims to address these unmet needs through in silico research, with a focus on the identification of novel, potentially active molecules. Therefore, a molecular docking analysis has been conducted using AutoDockTools 1.5.7 on Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors that are either approved for RA or in advanced phases of research. The binding affinities of these small molecules against JAK1, JAK2, and JAK3, which are target proteins implicated in the pathophysiology of RA, have been assessed. Subsequent to identifying the ligands with the highest affinity for these target proteins, a ligand-based virtual screening was performed utilizing SwissSimilarity, starting with the chemical structures of the previously identified small molecules. ZINC252492504 had the highest binding affinity (−9.0 kcal/mol) for JAK1, followed by ZINC72147089 (−8.6 kcal/mol) for JAK2, and ZINC72135158 (−8.6 kcal/mol) for JAK3. Using SwissADME, an in silico pharmacokinetic evaluation showed that oral administration of the three small molecules may be feasible. Based on the preliminary results of the present study, additional extensive research is required for the most promising candidates to be conducted so their efficacy and safety profiles can be thoroughly characterized, and they can become medium- and long-term pharmacotherapeutic solutions for the treatment of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular docking was used to assess the binding affinities of different active compounds to the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and PLpro proteins. According to the results, the native ligands of the evaluated proteins had the highest binding affinities. The native ligand of 3CLpro is titled WU-02 and has a binding affinity of -7.9 for the protein. The native ligand of Plpro is titled inhibitor 3k and has an affinity of -8.6 towards the protein. Out of the evaluated molecules, shogaol and 6-gingerol had high affinities for 3CLpro. Other molecules that showed a high affinity were 8 and 10 gingerol (-5.4 kcal/mol), and S-allyl-cysteine (-5.5 kcal/mol). In the case of PLpro, shogaol stands out with an affinity of -7.6 kcal/mol followed by 6 and 8 gingerol. The findings imply that these compounds could be good inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro and 3CLpro proteins. However, further research is needed to establish the effectiveness and safety of these drugs in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD), once considered a rare disease, is now the most common form of dementia in the elderly population. Current drugs (cholinesterase inhibitors and glutamate antagonists) are safe but of limited benefit to most patients, offering symptomatic relief without successful cure of the disease. Since the last several decades, there has been a great need for the development of a treatment that might cure the underlying causes of AD and thereby slow its progression in vulnerable individuals. That is why phase I, II, and III studies that act on several fronts, such as cognitive improvement, symptom reduction, and enhancing the basic biology of AD, are imperative to stop the disease. This review discusses current treatment strategies, summarizing the clinical features and pharmacological properties, along with molecular docking analyses of the existing medications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The abundant synthesis and accretion of melanin inside skin can be caused by activation of melanogenic enzymes or increase in number of melanocytes. Melasma is defined as hyperpigmented bright or dark brown spots which are symmetrically distributed and have serrated and irregular borders. The three general categories of pigmentation pattern include centro facial pattern, malar pattern, and mandibular pattern. Exposure to UV rays, heat, use of cosmetics and photosensitizing drugs, female sex hormonal therapies, aberrant production of melanocyte stimulating hormone, and increasing aesthetic demands are factors which cause the development of melasma disease. This review gives a brief overview regarding the Fitzpatrick skin phototype classification system, life cycle of melanin, mechanism of action of anti-hyperpigmenting drugs, and existing pharmacotherapy strategies for the treatment of melasma. The objectives of this review are focused on role of cutting-edge nanotechnology-based strategies, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, i.e., lipid nanoparticles, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, liposomes, ethosomes, niosomes, transfersomes, aspasomes, invasomes penetration-enhancing vesicles; inorganic nanocarriers, i.e., gold nanoparticles and fullerenes; and polymer-based nanocarriers i.e., polymeric nanoparticles, polymerosomes, and polymeric micelles for the management of hyperpigmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a corrigendum published in the journal Frontiers in Pharmacology. It corrects an error in the author contributions statement of an article titled "The neuroprotective effects of fisetin, a natural flavonoid in neurodegenerative diseases: focus on the role of oxidative stress." The correct author contributions statement is provided, and it is stated that this error does not change the scientific conclusions of the article. The corrigendum also includes contact information for the corresponding authors and copyright information. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Farmacia is the property of Societatea de Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article titled "The impact of comorbidities on the physical and psychological dimension in heart failure patients" by Diana Carina Iovanovici et al. explores the effects of comorbidities on the physical and psychological well-being of individuals with heart failure. The authors discuss the importance of understanding the relationship between comorbidities and heart failure in order to provide comprehensive care for patients. The article is published in the Balneo & PRM Research Journal and provides valuable insights for researchers and healthcare professionals working in the field of cardiology. [Extracted from the article]

The article titled "Benefits of sacubitril/valsartan administration and physical training in cardiac rehabilitation: current trends and bibliometric analysis of the years 2015-2024" by Diana Carina Iovanovici et al. was published in the Balneo & PRM Research Journal in June 2024. The article explores the benefits of sacubitril/valsartan administration and physical training in cardiac rehabilitation. It also includes a bibliometric analysis of the years 2015-2024. The article provides valuable information for individuals conducting research on cardiac rehabilitation and related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Prostate cancer is the second most common form of cancer in men in Europe. The primary treatment of this type of cancer is radical prostatectomy, which has shown good oncological results. Radical prostatectomy (open, laparoscopic or robotic) has high success and low morbidity rates in patients with localized prostate cancer. The life expectancy is >10 years after radical prostatectomy. Studies have shown that ~20%-30% of the patients who have undergone radical prostatectomy can develop biochemical recurrence, which is monitored by using the value of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In some cases (patients with high-risk prostate cancer), adjuvant therapy after radical prostatectomy, such as radiotherapy or androgen deprivation therapy, can significantly reduce the risk of biochemical recurrence. The optimal management of recurrent disease remains uncertain. Recent literature was systematically reviewed regarding the management of biochemical recurrence and to compare clinical experience in literature studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives Heart failure (HF) significantly influences the quality of life, both physically and emotionally, as well as social and environmental relationships. One major objective of HF treatment is to maintain or improve the quality of life. The aims of the study were to assess the impact of HF on social relationships and the relationship with the environment, according to therapeutic class and the presence of comorbidities, and to identify predictive factors for the impairment of these dimensions of the quality of life. Materials and methods This study was based on a cross-sectional survey; 252 patients with HF who have referred themselves to the medical rehabilitation department of the "Avram Iancu" Clinical Hospital, Oradea, between February 2023 and February 2024 were included. The patients were divided into two groups (Group HF-S/V, patients undergoing treatment with sacubitril/valsartan; Group HF-CT, patients receiving conventional therapy). All patients were asked to complete two assessment tools: the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaire. Results The mean values obtained per the domain of social relationships were significantly better for Group HF-CT (65.762 ± 12.519 versus 61.266 ± 12.428, p = 0.024). The mean values obtained on the domain of social relations and in relation to the environment were significantly better for Group HF-CT (65.762 ± 12.519 versus 61.266 ± 12.428, p = 0.024; 61.333 ± 13.461 versus 51.719 ± 16.769, p < 0.001). Both dimensions of the quality of life correlate with age and CCI (F = 7.793, p < 0.001, for social relationships; F = 16.821, p < 0.001, for relationship with the environment). Conclusions Social relationships and the relationship with the environment are affected in HF patients and correlate with age and comorbidity index, regardless of the type of therapy., Competing Interests: Human subjects: Consent was obtained or waived by all participants in this study. The Research Ethics Commission of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of the University of Oradea issued approval CEFMF/02/19.05.2022. Ethics committee approval (approval number: CEFMF/02/19.05.2022) was obtained for the conduct of the study. The research was conducted according to the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki guidelines. Participation in the study was voluntary. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. Animal subjects: All authors have confirmed that this study did not involve animal subjects or tissue. Conflicts of interest: In compliance with the ICMJE uniform disclosure form, all authors declare the following: Payment/services info: All authors have declared that no financial support was received from any organization for the submitted work. Financial relationships: All authors have declared that they have no financial relationships at present or within the previous three years with any organizations that might have an interest in the submitted work. Other relationships: All authors have declared that there are no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work., (Copyright © 2024, Iovanovici et al.)