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66. Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of context

Author

Gemini Team, Georgiev, Petko, Lei, Ving Ian, Burnell, Ryan, Bai, Libin, Gulati, Anmol, Tanzer, Garrett, Vincent, Damien, Pan, Zhufeng, Wang, Shibo, Mariooryad, Soroosh, Ding, Yifan, Geng, Xinyang, Alcober, Fred, Frostig, Roy, Omernick, Mark, Walker, Lexi, Paduraru, Cosmin, Sorokin, Christina, Tacchetti, Andrea, Gaffney, Colin, Daruki, Samira, Sercinoglu, Olcan, Gleicher, Zach, Love, Juliette, Voigtlaender, Paul, Jain, Rohan, Surita, Gabriela, Mohamed, Kareem, Blevins, Rory, Ahn, Junwhan, Zhu, Tao, Kawintiranon, Kornraphop, Firat, Orhan, Gu, Yiming, Zhang, Yujing, Rahtz, Matthew, Faruqui, Manaal, Clay, Natalie, Gilmer, Justin, Co-Reyes, JD, Penchev, Ivo, Zhu, Rui, Morioka, Nobuyuki, Hui, Kevin, Haridasan, Krishna, Campos, Victor, Mahdieh, Mahdis, Guo, Mandy, Hassan, Samer, Kilgour, Kevin, Vezer, Arpi, Cheng, Heng-Tze, de Liedekerke, Raoul, Goyal, Siddharth, Barham, Paul, Strouse, DJ, Noury, Seb, Adler, Jonas, Sundararajan, Mukund, Vikram, Sharad, Lepikhin, Dmitry, Paganini, Michela, Garcia, Xavier, Yang, Fan, Valter, Dasha, Trebacz, Maja, Vodrahalli, Kiran, Asawaroengchai, Chulayuth, Ring, Roman, Kalb, Norbert, Soares, Livio Baldini, Brahma, Siddhartha, Steiner, David, Yu, Tianhe, Mentzer, Fabian, He, Antoine, Gonzalez, Lucas, Xu, Bibo, Kaufman, Raphael Lopez, Shafey, Laurent El, Oh, Junhyuk, Hennigan, Tom, Driessche, George van den, Odoom, Seth, Lucic, Mario, Roelofs, Becca, Lall, Sid, Marathe, Amit, Chan, Betty, Ontanon, Santiago, He, Luheng, Teplyashin, Denis, Lai, Jonathan, Crone, Phil, Damoc, Bogdan, Ho, Lewis, Riedel, Sebastian, Lenc, Karel, Yeh, Chih-Kuan, Chowdhery, Aakanksha, Xu, Yang, Kazemi, Mehran, Amid, Ehsan, Petrushkina, Anastasia, Swersky, Kevin, Khodaei, Ali, Chen, Gowoon, Larkin, Chris, Pinto, Mario, Yan, Geng, Badia, Adria Puigdomenech, Patil, Piyush, Hansen, Steven, Orr, Dave, Arnold, Sebastien M. R., Grimstad, Jordan, Dai, Andrew, Douglas, Sholto, Sinha, Rishika, Yadav, Vikas, Chen, Xi, Gribovskaya, Elena, Austin, Jacob, Zhao, Jeffrey, Patel, Kaushal, Komarek, Paul, Austin, Sophia, Borgeaud, Sebastian, Friso, Linda, Goyal, Abhimanyu, Caine, Ben, Cao, Kris, Chung, Da-Woon, Lamm, Matthew, Barth-Maron, Gabe, Kagohara, Thais, Olszewska, Kate, Chen, Mia, Shivakumar, Kaushik, Agarwal, Rishabh, Godhia, Harshal, Rajwar, Ravi, Snaider, Javier, Dotiwalla, Xerxes, Liu, Yuan, Barua, Aditya, Ungureanu, Victor, Zhang, Yuan, Batsaikhan, Bat-Orgil, Wirth, Mateo, Qin, James, Danihelka, Ivo, Doshi, Tulsee, Chadwick, Martin, Chen, Jilin, Jain, Sanil, Le, Quoc, Kar, Arjun, Gurumurthy, Madhu, Li, Cheng, Sang, Ruoxin, Liu, Fangyu, Lamprou, Lampros, Munoz, Rich, Lintz, Nathan, Mehta, Harsh, Howard, Heidi, Reynolds, Malcolm, Aroyo, Lora, Wang, Quan, Blanco, Lorenzo, Cassirer, Albin, Griffith, Jordan, Das, Dipanjan, Lee, Stephan, Sygnowski, Jakub, Fisher, Zach, Besley, James, Powell, Richard, Ahmed, Zafarali, Paulus, Dominik, Reitter, David, Borsos, Zalan, Joshi, Rishabh, Pope, Aedan, Hand, Steven, Selo, Vittorio, Jain, Vihan, Sethi, Nikhil, Goel, Megha, Makino, Takaki, May, Rhys, Yang, Zhen, Schalkwyk, Johan, Butterfield, Christina, Hauth, Anja, Goldin, Alex, Hawkins, Will, Senter, Evan, Brin, Sergey, Woodman, Oliver, Ritter, Marvin, Noland, Eric, Giang, Minh, Bolina, Vijay, Lee, Lisa, Blyth, Tim, Mackinnon, Ian, Reid, Machel, Sarvana, Obaid, Silver, David, Chen, Alexander, Wang, Lily, Maggiore, Loren, Chang, Oscar, Attaluri, Nithya, Thornton, Gregory, Chiu, Chung-Cheng, Bunyan, Oskar, Levine, Nir, Chung, Timothy, Eltyshev, Evgenii, Si, Xiance, Lillicrap, Timothy, Brady, Demetra, Aggarwal, Vaibhav, Wu, Boxi, Xu, Yuanzhong, McIlroy, Ross, Badola, Kartikeya, Sandhu, Paramjit, Moreira, Erica, Stokowiec, Wojciech, Hemsley, Ross, Li, Dong, Tudor, Alex, Shyam, Pranav, Rahimtoroghi, Elahe, Haykal, Salem, Sprechmann, Pablo, Zhou, Xiang, Mincu, Diana, Li, Yujia, Addanki, Ravi, Krishna, Kalpesh, Wu, Xiao, Frechette, Alexandre, Eyal, Matan, Dafoe, Allan, Lacey, Dave, Whang, Jay, Avrahami, Thi, Zhang, Ye, Taropa, Emanuel, Lin, Hanzhao, Toyama, Daniel, Rutherford, Eliza, Sano, Motoki, Choe, HyunJeong, Tomala, Alex, Safranek-Shrader, Chalence, Kassner, Nora, Pajarskas, Mantas, Harvey, Matt, Sechrist, Sean, Fortunato, Meire, Lyu, Christina, Elsayed, Gamaleldin, Kuang, Chenkai, Lottes, James, Chu, Eric, Jia, Chao, Chen, Chih-Wei, Humphreys, Peter, Baumli, Kate, Tao, Connie, Samuel, Rajkumar, Santos, Cicero Nogueira dos, Andreassen, Anders, Rakićević, Nemanja, Grewe, Dominik, Kumar, Aviral, Winkler, Stephanie, Caton, Jonathan, Brock, Andrew, Dalmia, Sid, Sheahan, Hannah, Barr, Iain, Miao, Yingjie, Natsev, Paul, Devlin, Jacob, Behbahani, Feryal, Prost, Flavien, Sun, Yanhua, Myaskovsky, Artiom, Pillai, Thanumalayan Sankaranarayana, Hurt, Dan, Lazaridou, Angeliki, Xiong, Xi, Zheng, Ce, Pardo, Fabio, Li, Xiaowei, Horgan, Dan, Stanton, Joe, Ambar, Moran, Xia, Fei, Lince, Alejandro, Wang, Mingqiu, Mustafa, Basil, Webson, Albert, Lee, Hyo, Anil, Rohan, Wicke, Martin, Dozat, Timothy, Sinha, Abhishek, Piqueras, Enrique, Dabir, Elahe, Upadhyay, Shyam, Boral, Anudhyan, Hendricks, Lisa Anne, Fry, Corey, Djolonga, Josip, Su, Yi, Walker, Jake, Labanowski, Jane, Huang, Ronny, Misra, Vedant, Chen, Jeremy, Skerry-Ryan, RJ, Singh, Avi, Rijhwani, Shruti, Yu, Dian, Castro-Ros, Alex, Changpinyo, Beer, Datta, Romina, Bagri, Sumit, Hrafnkelsson, Arnar Mar, Maggioni, Marcello, Zheng, Daniel, Sulsky, Yury, Hou, Shaobo, Paine, Tom Le, Yang, Antoine, Riesa, Jason, Rogozinska, Dominika, Marcus, Dror, Badawy, Dalia El, Zhang, Qiao, Wang, Luyu, Miller, Helen, Greer, Jeremy, Sjos, Lars Lowe, Nova, Azade, Zen, Heiga, Chaabouni, Rahma, Rosca, Mihaela, Jiang, Jiepu, Chen, Charlie, Liu, Ruibo, Sainath, Tara, Krikun, Maxim, Polozov, Alex, Lespiau, Jean-Baptiste, Newlan, Josh, Cankara, Zeyncep, Kwak, Soo, Xu, Yunhan, Chen, Phil, Coenen, Andy, Meyer, Clemens, Tsihlas, Katerina, Ma, Ada, Gottweis, Juraj, Xing, Jinwei, Gu, Chenjie, Miao, Jin, Frank, Christian, Cankara, Zeynep, Ganapathy, Sanjay, Dasgupta, Ishita, Hughes-Fitt, Steph, Chen, Heng, Reid, David, Rong, Keran, Fan, Hongmin, van Amersfoort, Joost, Zhuang, Vincent, Cohen, Aaron, Gu, Shixiang Shane, Mohananey, Anhad, Ilic, Anastasija, Tobin, Taylor, Wieting, John, Bortsova, Anna, Thacker, Phoebe, Wang, Emma, Caveness, Emily, Chiu, Justin, Sezener, Eren, Kaskasoli, Alex, Baker, Steven, Millican, Katie, Elhawaty, Mohamed, Aisopos, Kostas, Lebsack, Carl, Byrd, Nathan, Dai, Hanjun, Jia, Wenhao, Wiethoff, Matthew, Davoodi, Elnaz, Weston, Albert, Yagati, Lakshman, Ahuja, Arun, Gao, Isabel, Pundak, Golan, Zhang, Susan, Azzam, Michael, Sim, Khe Chai, Caelles, Sergi, Keeling, James, Sharma, Abhanshu, Swing, Andy, Li, YaGuang, Liu, Chenxi, Bostock, Carrie Grimes, Bansal, Yamini, Nado, Zachary, Anand, Ankesh, Lipschultz, Josh, Karmarkar, Abhijit, Proleev, Lev, Ittycheriah, Abe, Yeganeh, Soheil Hassas, Polovets, George, Faust, Aleksandra, Sun, Jiao, Rrustemi, Alban, Li, Pen, Shivanna, Rakesh, Liu, Jeremiah, Welty, Chris, Lebron, Federico, Baddepudi, Anirudh, Krause, Sebastian, Parisotto, Emilio, Soricut, Radu, Xu, Zheng, Bloxwich, Dawn, Johnson, Melvin, Neyshabur, Behnam, Mao-Jones, Justin, Wang, Renshen, Ramasesh, Vinay, Abbas, Zaheer, Guez, Arthur, Segal, Constant, Nguyen, Duc Dung, Svensson, James, Hou, Le, York, Sarah, Milan, Kieran, Bridgers, Sophie, Gworek, Wiktor, Tagliasacchi, Marco, Lee-Thorp, James, Chang, Michael, Guseynov, Alexey, Hartman, Ale Jakse, Kwong, Michael, Zhao, Ruizhe, Kashem, Sheleem, Cole, Elizabeth, Miech, Antoine, Tanburn, Richard, Phuong, Mary, Pavetic, Filip, Cevey, Sebastien, Comanescu, Ramona, Ives, Richard, Yang, Sherry, Du, Cosmo, Li, Bo, Zhang, Zizhao, Iinuma, Mariko, Hu, Clara Huiyi, Roy, Aurko, Bijwadia, Shaan, Zhu, Zhenkai, Martins, Danilo, Saputro, Rachel, Gergely, Anita, Zheng, Steven, Jia, Dawei, Antonoglou, Ioannis, Sadovsky, Adam, Gu, Shane, Bi, Yingying, Andreev, Alek, Samangooei, Sina, Khan, Mina, Kocisky, Tomas, Filos, Angelos, Kumar, Chintu, Bishop, Colton, Yu, Adams, Hodkinson, Sarah, Mittal, Sid, Shah, Premal, Moufarek, Alexandre, Cheng, Yong, Bloniarz, Adam, Lee, Jaehoon, Pejman, Pedram, Michel, Paul, Spencer, Stephen, Feinberg, Vladimir, Xiong, Xuehan, Savinov, Nikolay, Smith, Charlotte, Shakeri, Siamak, Tran, Dustin, Chesus, Mary, Bohnet, Bernd, Tucker, George, von Glehn, Tamara, Muir, Carrie, Mao, Yiran, Kazawa, Hideto, Slone, Ambrose, Soparkar, Kedar, Shrivastava, Disha, Cobon-Kerr, James, Sharman, Michael, Pavagadhi, Jay, Araya, Carlos, Misiunas, Karolis, Ghelani, Nimesh, Laskin, Michael, Barker, David, Li, Qiujia, Briukhov, Anton, Houlsby, Neil, Glaese, Mia, Lakshminarayanan, Balaji, Schucher, Nathan, Tang, Yunhao, Collins, Eli, Lim, Hyeontaek, Feng, Fangxiaoyu, Recasens, Adria, Lai, Guangda, Magni, Alberto, De Cao, Nicola, Siddhant, Aditya, Ashwood, Zoe, Orbay, Jordi, Dehghani, Mostafa, Brennan, Jenny, He, Yifan, Xu, Kelvin, Gao, Yang, Saroufim, Carl, Molloy, James, Wu, Xinyi, Arnold, Seb, Chang, Solomon, Schrittwieser, Julian, Buchatskaya, Elena, Radpour, Soroush, Polacek, Martin, Giordano, Skye, Bapna, Ankur, Tokumine, Simon, Hellendoorn, Vincent, Sottiaux, Thibault, Cogan, Sarah, Severyn, Aliaksei, Saleh, Mohammad, Thakoor, Shantanu, Shefey, Laurent, Qiao, Siyuan, Gaba, Meenu, Chang, Shuo-yiin, Swanson, Craig, Zhang, Biao, Lee, Benjamin, Rubenstein, Paul Kishan, Song, Gan, Kwiatkowski, Tom, Koop, Anna, Kannan, Ajay, Kao, David, Schuh, Parker, Stjerngren, Axel, Ghiasi, Golnaz, Gibson, Gena, Vilnis, Luke, Yuan, Ye, Ferreira, Felipe Tiengo, Kamath, Aishwarya, Klimenko, Ted, Franko, Ken, Xiao, Kefan, Bhattacharya, Indro, Patel, Miteyan, Wang, Rui, Morris, Alex, Strudel, Robin, Sharma, Vivek, Choy, Peter, Hashemi, Sayed Hadi, Landon, Jessica, Finkelstein, Mara, Jhakra, Priya, Frye, Justin, Barnes, Megan, Mauger, Matthew, Daun, Dennis, Baatarsukh, Khuslen, Tung, Matthew, Farhan, Wael, Michalewski, Henryk, Viola, Fabio, Quitry, Felix de Chaumont, Lan, Charline Le, Hudson, Tom, Wang, Qingze, Fischer, Felix, Zheng, Ivy, White, Elspeth, Dragan, Anca, Alayrac, Jean-baptiste, Ni, Eric, Pritzel, Alexander, Iwanicki, Adam, Isard, Michael, Bulanova, Anna, Zilka, Lukas, Dyer, Ethan, Sachan, Devendra, Srinivasan, Srivatsan, Muckenhirn, Hannah, Cai, Honglong, Mandhane, Amol, Tariq, Mukarram, Rae, Jack W., Wang, Gary, Ayoub, Kareem, FitzGerald, Nicholas, Zhao, Yao, Han, Woohyun, Alberti, Chris, Garrette, Dan, Krishnakumar, Kashyap, Gimenez, Mai, Levskaya, Anselm, Sohn, Daniel, Matak, Josip, Iturrate, Inaki, Chang, Michael B., Xiang, Jackie, Cao, Yuan, Ranka, Nishant, Brown, Geoff, Hutter, Adrian, Mirrokni, Vahab, Chen, Nanxin, Yao, Kaisheng, Egyed, Zoltan, Galilee, Francois, Liechty, Tyler, Kallakuri, Praveen, Palmer, Evan, Ghemawat, Sanjay, Liu, Jasmine, Tao, David, Thornton, Chloe, Green, Tim, Jasarevic, Mimi, Lin, Sharon, Cotruta, Victor, Tan, Yi-Xuan, Fiedel, Noah, Yu, Hongkun, Chi, Ed, Neitz, Alexander, Heitkaemper, Jens, Sinha, Anu, Zhou, Denny, Sun, Yi, Kaed, Charbel, Hulse, Brice, Mishra, Swaroop, Georgaki, Maria, Kudugunta, Sneha, Farabet, Clement, Shafran, Izhak, Vlasic, Daniel, Tsitsulin, Anton, Ananthanarayanan, Rajagopal, Carin, Alen, Su, Guolong, Sun, Pei, V, Shashank, Carvajal, Gabriel, Broder, Josef, Comsa, Iulia, Repina, Alena, Wong, William, Chen, Warren Weilun, Hawkins, Peter, Filonov, Egor, Loher, Lucia, Hirnschall, Christoph, Wang, Weiyi, Ye, Jingchen, Burns, Andrea, Cate, Hardie, Wright, Diana Gage, Piccinini, Federico, Zhang, Lei, Lin, Chu-Cheng, Gog, Ionel, Kulizhskaya, Yana, Sreevatsa, Ashwin, Song, Shuang, Cobo, Luis C., Iyer, Anand, Tekur, Chetan, Garrido, Guillermo, Xiao, Zhuyun, Kemp, Rupert, Zheng, Huaixiu Steven, Li, Hui, Agarwal, Ananth, Ngani, Christel, Goshvadi, Kati, Santamaria-Fernandez, Rebeca, Fica, Wojciech, Chen, Xinyun, Gorgolewski, Chris, Sun, Sean, Garg, Roopal, Ye, Xinyu, Eslami, S. M. Ali, Hua, Nan, Simon, Jon, Joshi, Pratik, Kim, Yelin, Tenney, Ian, Potluri, Sahitya, Thiet, Lam Nguyen, Yuan, Quan, Luisier, Florian, Chronopoulou, Alexandra, Scellato, Salvatore, Srinivasan, Praveen, Chen, Minmin, Koverkathu, Vinod, Dalibard, Valentin, Xu, Yaming, Saeta, Brennan, Anderson, Keith, Sellam, Thibault, Fernando, Nick, Huot, Fantine, Jung, Junehyuk, Varadarajan, Mani, Quinn, Michael, Raul, Amit, Le, Maigo, Habalov, Ruslan, Clark, Jon, Jalan, Komal, Bullard, Kalesha, Singhal, Achintya, Luong, Thang, Wang, Boyu, Rajayogam, Sujeevan, Eisenschlos, Julian, Jia, Johnson, Finchelstein, Daniel, Yakubovich, Alex, Balle, Daniel, Fink, Michael, Agarwal, Sameer, Li, Jing, Dvijotham, Dj, Pal, Shalini, Kang, Kai, Konzelmann, Jaclyn, Beattie, Jennifer, Dousse, Olivier, Wu, Diane, Crocker, Remi, Elkind, Chen, Jonnalagadda, Siddhartha Reddy, Lee, Jong, Holtmann-Rice, Dan, Kallarackal, Krystal, Liu, Rosanne, Vnukov, Denis, Vats, Neera, Invernizzi, Luca, Jafari, Mohsen, Zhou, Huanjie, Taylor, Lilly, Prendki, Jennifer, Wu, Marcus, Eccles, Tom, Liu, Tianqi, Kopparapu, Kavya, Beaufays, Francoise, Angermueller, Christof, Marzoca, Andreea, Sarcar, Shourya, Dib, Hilal, Stanway, Jeff, Perbet, Frank, Trdin, Nejc, Sterneck, Rachel, Khorlin, Andrey, Li, Dinghua, Wu, Xihui, Goenka, Sonam, Madras, David, Goldshtein, Sasha, Gierke, Willi, Zhou, Tong, Liu, Yaxin, Liang, Yannie, White, Anais, Li, Yunjie, Singh, Shreya, Bahargam, Sanaz, Epstein, Mark, Basu, Sujoy, Lao, Li, Ozturel, Adnan, Crous, Carl, Zhai, Alex, Lu, Han, Tung, Zora, Gaur, Neeraj, Walton, Alanna, Dixon, Lucas, Zhang, Ming, Globerson, Amir, Uy, Grant, Bolt, Andrew, Wiles, Olivia, Nasr, Milad, Shumailov, Ilia, Selvi, Marco, Piccinno, Francesco, Aguilar, Ricardo, McCarthy, Sara, Khalman, Misha, Shukla, Mrinal, Galic, Vlado, Carpenter, John, Villela, Kevin, Zhang, Haibin, Richardson, Harry, Martens, James, Bosnjak, Matko, Belle, Shreyas Rammohan, Seibert, Jeff, Alnahlawi, Mahmoud, McWilliams, Brian, Singh, Sankalp, Louis, Annie, Ding, Wen, Popovici, Dan, Simicich, Lenin, Knight, Laura, Mehta, Pulkit, Gupta, Nishesh, Shi, Chongyang, Fatehi, Saaber, Mitrovic, Jovana, Grills, Alex, Pagadora, Joseph, Munkhdalai, Tsendsuren, Petrova, Dessie, Eisenbud, Danielle, Zhang, Zhishuai, Yates, Damion, Mittal, Bhavishya, Tripuraneni, Nilesh, Assael, Yannis, Brovelli, Thomas, Jain, Prateek, Velimirovic, Mihajlo, Akbulut, Canfer, Mu, Jiaqi, Macherey, Wolfgang, Kumar, Ravin, Xu, Jun, Qureshi, Haroon, Comanici, Gheorghe, Wiesner, Jeremy, Gong, Zhitao, Ruddock, Anton, Bauer, Matthias, Felt, Nick, GP, Anirudh, Arnab, Anurag, Zelle, Dustin, Rothfuss, Jonas, Rosgen, Bill, Shenoy, Ashish, Seybold, Bryan, Li, Xinjian, Mudigonda, Jayaram, Erdogan, Goker, Xia, Jiawei, Simsa, Jiri, Michi, Andrea, Yao, Yi, Yew, Christopher, Kan, Steven, Caswell, Isaac, Radebaugh, Carey, Elisseeff, Andre, Valenzuela, Pedro, McKinney, Kay, Paterson, Kim, Cui, Albert, Latorre-Chimoto, Eri, Kim, Solomon, Zeng, William, Durden, Ken, Ponnapalli, Priya, Sosea, Tiberiu, Choquette-Choo, Christopher A., Manyika, James, Robenek, Brona, Vashisht, Harsha, Pereira, Sebastien, Lam, Hoi, Velic, Marko, Owusu-Afriyie, Denese, Lee, Katherine, Bolukbasi, Tolga, Parrish, Alicia, Lu, Shawn, Park, Jane, Venkatraman, Balaji, Talbert, Alice, Rosique, Lambert, Cheng, Yuchung, Sozanschi, Andrei, Paszke, Adam, Kumar, Praveen, Austin, Jessica, Li, Lu, Salama, Khalid, Perz, Bartek, Kim, Wooyeol, Dukkipati, Nandita, Baryshnikov, Anthony, Kaplanis, Christos, Sheng, XiangHai, Chervonyi, Yuri, Unlu, Caglar, Casas, Diego de Las, Askham, Harry, Tunyasuvunakool, Kathryn, Gimeno, Felix, Poder, Siim, Kwak, Chester, Miecnikowski, Matt, Dimitriev, Alek, Parisi, Aaron, Liu, Dangyi, Tsai, Tomy, Shevlane, Toby, Kouridi, Christina, Garmon, Drew, Goedeckemeyer, Adrian, Brown, Adam R., Vijayakumar, Anitha, Elqursh, Ali, Jazayeri, Sadegh, Huang, Jin, Carthy, Sara Mc, Hoover, Jay, Kim, Lucy, Kumar, Sandeep, Chen, Wei, Biles, Courtney, Bingham, Garrett, Rosen, Evan, Wang, Lisa, Tan, Qijun, Engel, David, Pongetti, Francesco, de Cesare, Dario, Hwang, Dongseong, Yu, Lily, Pullman, Jennifer, Narayanan, Srini, Levin, Kyle, Gopal, Siddharth, Li, Megan, Aharoni, Asaf, Trinh, Trieu, Lo, Jessica, Casagrande, Norman, Vij, Roopali, Matthey, Loic, Ramadhana, Bramandia, Matthews, Austin, Carey, CJ, Johnson, Matthew, Goranova, Kremena, Shah, Rohin, Ashraf, Shereen, Dasgupta, Kingshuk, Larsen, Rasmus, Wang, Yicheng, Vuyyuru, Manish Reddy, Jiang, Chong, Ijazi, Joana, Osawa, Kazuki, Smith, Celine, Boppana, Ramya Sree, Bilal, Taylan, Koizumi, Yuma, Xu, Ying, Altun, Yasemin, Shabat, Nir, Bariach, Ben, Korchemniy, Alex, Choo, Kiam, Ronneberger, Olaf, Iwuanyanwu, Chimezie, Zhao, Shubin, Soergel, David, Hsieh, Cho-Jui, Cai, Irene, Iqbal, Shariq, Sundermeyer, Martin, Chen, Zhe, Bursztein, Elie, Malaviya, Chaitanya, Biadsy, Fadi, Shroff, Prakash, Dhillon, Inderjit, Latkar, Tejasi, Dyer, Chris, Forbes, Hannah, Nicosia, Massimo, Nikolaev, Vitaly, Greene, Somer, Georgiev, Marin, Wang, Pidong, Martin, Nina, Sedghi, Hanie, Zhang, John, Banzal, Praseem, Fritz, Doug, Rao, Vikram, Wang, Xuezhi, Zhang, Jiageng, Patraucean, Viorica, Du, Dayou, Mordatch, Igor, Jurin, Ivan, Liu, Lewis, Dubey, Ayush, Mohan, Abhi, Nowakowski, Janek, Ion, Vlad-Doru, Wei, Nan, Tojo, Reiko, Raad, Maria Abi, Hudson, Drew A., Keshava, Vaishakh, Agrawal, Shubham, Ramirez, Kevin, Wu, Zhichun, Nguyen, Hoang, Liu, Ji, Sewak, Madhavi, Petrini, Bryce, Choi, DongHyun, Philips, Ivan, Wang, Ziyue, Bica, Ioana, Garg, Ankush, Wilkiewicz, Jarek, Agrawal, Priyanka, Guo, Danhao, Xue, Emily, Shaik, Naseer, Leach, Andrew, Khan, Sadh MNM, Wiesinger, Julia, Jerome, Sammy, Chakladar, Abhishek, Wang, Alek Wenjiao, Ornduff, Tina, Abu, Folake, Ghaffarkhah, Alireza, Wainwright, Marcus, Cortes, Mario, Liu, Frederick, Maynez, Joshua, Terzis, Andreas, Samangouei, Pouya, Mansour, Riham, Kępa, Tomasz, Aubet, François-Xavier, Algymr, Anton, Banica, Dan, Weisz, Agoston, Orban, Andras, Senges, Alexandre, Andrejczuk, Ewa, Geller, Mark, Santo, Niccolo Dal, Anklin, Valentin, Merey, Majd Al, Baeuml, Martin, Strohman, Trevor, Bai, Junwen, Petrov, Slav, Wu, Yonghui, Hassabis, Demis, Kavukcuoglu, Koray, Dean, Jeff, and Vinyals, Oriol more...

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

In this report, we introduce the Gemini 1.5 family of models, representing the next generation of highly compute-efficient multimodal models capable of recalling and reasoning over fine-grained information from millions of tokens of context, including multiple long documents and hours of video and audio. The family includes two new models: (1) an updated Gemini 1.5 Pro, which exceeds the February version on the great majority of capabilities and benchmarks; (2) Gemini 1.5 Flash, a more lightweight variant designed for efficiency with minimal regression in quality. Gemini 1.5 models achieve near-perfect recall on long-context retrieval tasks across modalities, improve the state-of-the-art in long-document QA, long-video QA and long-context ASR, and match or surpass Gemini 1.0 Ultra's state-of-the-art performance across a broad set of benchmarks. Studying the limits of Gemini 1.5's long-context ability, we find continued improvement in next-token prediction and near-perfect retrieval (>99%) up to at least 10M tokens, a generational leap over existing models such as Claude 3.0 (200k) and GPT-4 Turbo (128k). Finally, we highlight real-world use cases, such as Gemini 1.5 collaborating with professionals on completing their tasks achieving 26 to 75% time savings across 10 different job categories, as well as surprising new capabilities of large language models at the frontier; when given a grammar manual for Kalamang, a language with fewer than 200 speakers worldwide, the model learns to translate English to Kalamang at a similar level to a person who learned from the same content. more...

Published
2024

67. RR Lyrae Stars Belonging to the Candidate Globular Cluster Patchick 99

Author

Butler, Evan, Kunder, Andrea, Prudil, Zdenek, Covey, Kevin R., Ball, Macy, Campos, Carlos, Gollnick, Kaylen, Carvajal, Julio Olivares, Hughes, Joanne, Devine, Kathryn, Johnson, Christian I., Vivas, A. Katherina, Rich, Michael R., Joyce, Meridith, Simon, Iulia T., Marchetti, Tommaso, Koch-Hansen, Andreas J., Clarkson, William I., and Kuss, Rebekah more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Patchick 99 is a candidate globular cluster located in the direction of the Galactic bulge, with a proper motion almost identical to the field and extreme field star contamination. A recent analysis suggests it is a low-luminosity globular cluster with a population of RR Lyrae stars. We present new spectra of stars in and around Patchick 99, targeting specifically the 3 RR Lyrae stars associated with the cluster as well as the other RR Lyrae stars in the field. A sample of 53 giant stars selected from proper motions and a position on CMD are also observed. The three RR Lyrae stars associated with the cluster have similar radial velocities and distances, and two of the targeted giants also have radial velocities in this velocity regime and [Fe/H] metallicities that are slightly more metal-poor than the field. Therefore, if Patchick 99 is a bonafide globular cluster, it would have a radial velocity of -92+/-10 km s-1, a distance of 6.7+/-0.4 kpc (as determined from the RR Lyrae stars), and an orbit that confines it to the inner bulge., Comment: Accepted to The Astrophysical Journal Letters. Replaced due to a typo in the title more...

Published
2024

73. SARS-CoV-2 infection in brown-headed spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps) at a wildlife rescue center on the coast of Ecuador-South America.

Author

Carvajal, Mateo, Saenz, Carolina, Fuentes, Nathalia, Guevara, Rommel, Muñoz, Erika, Prado-Vivar, Belen, Diaz, Eduardo, Alfonso-Cortes, Felipe, Coloma, Josefina, Grunauer, Michelle, Rojas-Silva, Patricio, Cardenas, Paul, and Barragan, Veronica more...

Subjects
Ateles fusciceps, Ecuador, Nanopore, SARS-CoV-2, omicron, wildlife, Animals, Humans, Animals, Wild, COVID-19, Ecuador, SARS-CoV-2, Zoonoses, Atelinae, South America, Pandemics
Abstract

Human populations can be affected in unpredictable ways by the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases. The COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) pandemic was a reminder of how devastating these events can be if left unchecked. However, once they have spread globally, the impact of these diseases when entering non-exposed wildlife populations is unknown. The current study reports the infection of brown-headed spider monkeys (Ateles fusciceps) at a wildlife rescue center in Ecuador. Four monkeys were hospitalized, and all tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) by RT-qPCR (Quantitative Reverse Transcription PCR). Fecal samples (n = 12) from monkeys at the rescue center also tested positive; three zookeepers responsible for feeding and deworming the monkeys also tested positive, suggesting human-animal transmission. Whole genome sequencing identified most samples omicron clade 22B BA.5 lineage. These findings highlight the threat posed by an emerging zoonotic disease in wildlife species and the importance of preventing spillover and spillback events during epidemic or pandemic events.IMPORTANCEAlthough COVID-19 (coronavirus disease of 2019) has been primarily contained in humans through widespread vaccination, the impact and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and its transmission and epidemiology in wildlife may need to be addressed. In some natural environments, the proximity of animals to humans is difficult to control, creating perfect scenarios where susceptible wildlife can acquire the virus from humans. In these places, it is essential to understand how transmission can occur and to develop protocols to prevent infection. This study reports the infection of brown-headed spider monkeys with SARS-CoV-2, a red-listed monkey species, at a wildlife recovery center in Ecuador. This study reports the infection of brown-headed spider monkeys with SARS-CoV-2, indicating the potential for transmission between humans and wildlife primates and the importance of preventing such events in the future. more...

Published
2024

74. Antibody-functionalized nanoporous silicon particles as a selective doxorubicin vehicle to improve toxicity against HER2+ breast cancer cells

Author

Camacho Alma Rosa Oaxaca, Rodríguez Sara Elisa Herrera, Mojica Óscar René Ochoa, Agarwal Vivechana, Pelayo Alexis Jazmín Preciado, Arízaga Gregorio Guadalupe Carbajal, Álvarez Ángel H., Carvajal Zaira Yunuen García, Velázquez Moisés Martínez, and Gutiérrez Rodolfo Hernández more...

Subjects
antibody conjugate, porous silicon, trastuzumab, particles, breast cancer, her2, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492
Published
2025
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75. Experimental efficacy of vaccination of weaned piglets with a modified-live commercial PRRS virus vaccine against the challenge with a Spanish highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain

Author

M. Cortey, M. Jiménez, L. Aguirre, J. M. Sánchez-Carvajal, J. Gómez-Laguna, I. Domingo-Carreño, H. Clilverd, M. Marcos, R. Menjon, S. Von Berg, and E. Mateu

Subjects
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Virulence, Vaccine, Pig, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Abstract Background In 2020, a highly virulent PRRSV-1 strain emerged in Spain and rapidly spread across the country. The purpose of the present study was to test in a piglet model whether a commercial PRRSV-1 modified live vaccine was able to confer protection against strain R1, a representative of the emerging clade. For that purpose, two groups of 26 piglets were either vaccinated intradermally or kept as controls; 42 days later, half of the animals in each group were intranasally challenged with the R1 strain. Then, animals were followed to assess the development of clinical signs (until 14 days post-challenge), lung lesions (10- and 35-days post-challenge), weight gains, viremia and nasal shedding and the immune response (anti PRRS virus nucleoprotein antibodies) by ELISA and virus specific-interferon-γ secreting cells by ELISPOT). Results Challenge of naïve pigs resulted in high fever (up to 41.9 °C), lethargy and severely retarded growth (0.748 kg/day). In contrast, vaccinated/challenged pigs had less fever and for a shorter period, lower clinical scores and a higher average daily weight gain (0.940 kg/day), comparable to the unchallenged animals. At 10 days-post challenge, in naïve animals on average 49.1% of the lung was pneumonic (range 8–81%) while in vaccinated animals the average was 15.7% (4–41%). Duration of viremia was reduced in vaccinated animals and after 14 days post-challenge, most were negative by RT-qPCR. In contrast, 50% of the naïve/challenged pigs remained viremic at 35 days post-challenge. Vaccination induced rapid seroconversion and challenge of naïve animals resulted in 100% of ELISA-positive pigs by day 14 post-challenge. Regarding the development of IFN-γ responses, for vaccinated animals the frequencies increased until day 35 post-vaccination. After challenge, in vaccinated pigs, the peak of the R1-specific IFN-γ response was reached at 14 days and then the viremia ceased, although nasal shedding persisted in some vaccinated animals. Conclusions In the present trial, vaccination resulted in improved clinical course, better weight gain and reduced viremia. At the peak of the infection, lung lesions were reduced in most animals although some individuals still had extensive pneumonia. In summary, vaccination was shown to provide partial but significant protection against the highly virulent R1 strain. more...

Published
2025
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76. Improving the survival under gastric conditions of a potential multistrain probiotic produced in co-culture

Author

Marcelo Fernando Valle-Vargas, Yesica Vanesa Rojas-Muñoz, Ruth Yolanda Ruiz-Pardo, Luisa Villamil-Díaz, and María Ximena Quintanilla-Carvajal

Subjects
L. lactis, Priestia, Bioreactor, Antagonistic activity, Probiotic, Co-culture, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Process and culture medium composition in bioreactor could be optimized in order to find the best conditions that improve survival of probiotic microorganism under exposure to gastric conditions such low pH and bile salts. Therefore, this study aimed to optimize agitation, yeast extract, and di-sodium phosphate (Na2HPO4) concentration to improve the survival under gastric conditions of a multistrain consortium produced in a laboratory bioreactor. Viability, survival low pH (3.00), bile salt tolerance, and antagonistic activity against the pathogen Streptococcus agalactiae were evaluated. As the main result, a high concentration of di-sodium phosphate (2.63% w/v) increased the viability of L. lactis A12 (9.05 to 9.46 Log10 CFU/mL) and Priestia species (0.00 to 6.88 Log10 CFU/mL), survival to pH 3.00 (60 to 93%), survival of bile salts (58– 93%) antagonistic activity (8.74 to 15.56 mm), and final pH of culture medium (4.34 to 6.95). Optimal conditions that improved probiotics characteristics were 150 RPM, 0.83% w/v yeast extract, and 2.63% w/v Na2HPO4. Co-culture of L. lactis A12 with Priestia species improved significantly (p 85%), and with antagonistic activity against fish pathogen. This preparation could be used as a feed additive intended for fish nutrition. more...

Published
2025
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77. Performance of STAR-RIS-Aided RSMA Networks: Impact of Correlated Fading Channels and SIC Imperfections

Author

Eduardo Goncalves Gomes, Henry Ramiro Carvajal Mora, and Edgar Eduardo Benitez Olivo

Subjects
Correlated fading channels, outage performance, rate-splitting multiple access, simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, successive interference cancellation, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971
Abstract

This paper investigates the outage performance of the downlink of a wireless network, where a base station communicates with two users using the Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) protocol. To overcome obstacles that block direct transmission, a simultaneous transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surface (STAR-RIS) is used to enable communication. The users are positioned on opposite sides of the STAR-RIS, which operates under a mode-switching protocol, assigning elements for either transmission or reflection. The channels are assumed to undergo Rician fading, and the system performance is analyzed considering the correlation effects caused by closely spaced STAR-RIS elements, for which the model employed to generate correlated channels is introduced. Additionally, at the users’ receiver side, we consider that the decoding of users’ messages is subject to imperfect successive interference cancellation (SIC). An approximate analytical expression is also derived for the scenario with uncorrelated STAR-RIS elements and imperfect SIC. Monte-Carlo simulations further explore the system performance, focusing on key parameters such as the number of STAR-RIS elements, channel-correlation factor, power allocation factors of common and private streams relative to the RSMA protocol, and error factor of imperfect SIC. This work’s contributions provide a deeper understanding of the impact of correlated channels and imperfect SIC on STAR-RIS-aided networks, offering insights for optimizing performance under realistic deployment conditions. more...

Published
2025
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78. Propuesta metodológica para la apropiación y construcción social del conocimiento a través de la cartografía comunitaria y la Investigación Acción Participativa. Un acercamiento a Santo Domingo Savio como lugar

Author

Catherine Osorio Londoño, Daniela Carvajal Mazo, and Leiidy Yulied Sepúlveda Goez

Subjects
cartografía comunitaria, apropiación, santo domingo savio y lugar, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Este ejercicio investigativo se piensa desde el marco epistemológico-metodológico de la Investigación Acción Participativa –IAP– y la cartografía comunitaria para la apropiación del espacio y la construcción social del conocimiento. La Investigación Acción Participativa se sitúa como mediación de un proceso que busca resignificar las prácticas socio-culturales e históricas, así como el reconocimiento de los sujetos, en cuanto, actores y gestores del proyecto barrial y el empoderamiento del lugar habitado en Santo Domingo Savio. Se propone un acercamiento que se desliza por las subjetividades reconocidas con la participación de los agentes del territorio y la interacción simbólica hacia el lenguaje informático cartográfico; ya pues, que desde esta perspectiva es posible plasmar la experiencia en el territorio y los trazos de la vida cotidiana sobre el mapa que pueden reconstruirse en Open Street Maps, para dar cuenta del empoderamiento, apropiación y tensiones que se generan como fenómenos del vínculo sujeto – entorno. El impacto de la incorporación de la Comuna 1 al proyecto de ciudad ha transformado las diferentes dinámicas sociales del barrio con la ciudad, creando otros espacios de interacción e identidad, revelando fricciones y tensiones en el reconocimiento-apropiación que los habitantes hacen de su territorio y sus alrededores, así como las representaciones gráficas que de estas experiencias y transformaciones se pueden leer y las soluciones que se pueden aportar desde el saber cartográfico. more...

Published
2025
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79. El Sentido del Erotismo

Author

Miryan Verónica Pérez Carvajal

Subjects
erotismo, muerte, experiencia interior, violencia, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

Se pretende desarrollar en el presente artículo, de manera general, el planteamiento que, a la sazón del erotismo, hace Georges Bataille para referirse a uno de los componentes de la vida interior del hombre; que es aquella que pone en juego al hombre mismo. Manifiesta Bataille, que el erotismo equivale a afirmar la vida incluso hasta en la muerte. El discurso expone una mirada particular hacia una posición específica del autor, sin pretender corromper la visión autónoma generada por el pensador francés. more...

Published
2025
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80. El estado de la elaboración de indicadores para las poblaciones de la diversidad sexual, afrodescendientes e indígenas

Author

Álvaro Carvajal Villaplana

Subjects
niñas, niños, adolescentes, indicadores, niños diversidad sexual, niños afrodescendientes, niños indígenas, edna, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Abstract

Este artículo hace un diagnóstico del desarrollo de los indicadores de las poblaciones vulnerables de niñas, niños y adolescentes de la diversidad sexual, los afrodescendientes y los indígenas. Para ello se revisan y analizan una serie de documentos intergubernamentales y gubernamentales, así como investigaciones específicas con el propositivo de determinar cuál es el avance alcanzado. El diagnóstico concluye que no existen tales indicadores. No obstante, pueden identificarse algunos avances en la preparación de indicadores para la población adulta de dichos grupos de población, en particular la población indígena, mas no así para la población afrodescendiente; mucho menos en indicadores específicos para los niños, niñas y adolescentes de dichas poblaciones vulnerables; salvo para la niñez y la adolescencia de la diversidad sexual que se ha desarrollado algunos propuestas a nivel teórico. Por lo que habría que realizar esfuerzo para obtener dichos indicadores. more...

Published
2025

81. La filosofía en Centroamérica en el siglo XX

Author

Álvaro Carvajal Villaplana

Subjects
filosofía, centroamérica, filosofía centroamericana, filosofía latinoamericana, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Abstract

Este artículo es el resultado de una ponencia que presenté en el XXV Congreso Mundial de Filosofía: La filosofía cruza fronteras, el que se llevó a cabo entre el 1 y 8 de agosto de 2024 en Roma, Italia. La ponencia formó parte de la mesa de trabajo de la Red Iberoamericana de Filosofía (RIF), titulada Presente y futuro de la filosofía Iberoamericana. El texto hace un rastreo bibliográfico de la presencia de la filosofía centroamericana en una serie de libros de historia de la filosofía Latinoamericana e Hispanoamérica publicados durante el siglo XX y XXI. Se concluye que hay poco reconocimiento y abordaje de la filosofía de Centroamérica en dichas historias de la filosofía. more...

Published
2025

82. Fernando Broncano: Homenaje

Author

Álvaro Carvajal Villaplana

Subjects
fernando broncano, homenaje, filosofía de la tecnología, diseño, racionalidad tecnológica, Philosophy. Psychology. Religion
Abstract

Este artículo aborda a un autor español, el Dr. Fernando Broncano Rodríguez, profesor de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, que recién se ha jubilado, y a quién se le dedicó un homenaje. Si bien no es un autor centroamericano cabe ofrecerle esta breve semblanza por el contacto académico que ha tenido con Centroamérica. A parte de las referencias personales, el texto aborda de forma sucinta la relación entre diseño y racionalidad tecnológica. more...

Published
2025

83. Felicidad en el trabajo y salud mental de empleados: Análisis bibliométrico y tendencias de investigación

Author

Jaime Andrés Vieira-Salazar, Sofia Tamayo-González, and Rafael Antonio Sánchez-Carvajal

Subjects
bibliometría, felicidad en el trabajo, salud mental, tendencias de investigación, Education (General), L7-991, Social sciences (General), H1-99
Abstract

En un entorno laboral cada vez más complejo, la atención a la felicidad y salud en el trabajo emerge como un área fundamental de estudio. El problema abordado se centra en la escasez de análisis rigurosos de cartografía científica sobre la relación entre felicidad en el trabajo (FT) y salud mental de empleados (SM), así como su vínculo con el bienestar individual y organizacional. El propósito central consistió en aportar en el cierre de esta brecha de conocimiento mediante un análisis bibliométrico y narrativo de la literatura disponible. Para ello, se recopilaron 256 documentos sobre la relación FT-SM de las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus. Se utilizaron técnicas de bibliometría y análisis de cocitaciones mediante el uso de la plataforma Tree of Science. Los resultados revelaron tendencias de investigación en cuatro áreas principales: satisfacción laboral, salud mental y burnout, psicología del trabajo y liderazgo. Asimismo, se plantearon implicaciones prácticas para empresarios, directivos y académicos que busquen comprender los mecanismos que influyen en el bienestar laboral, incluyendo el bienestar individual, eficacia organizacional y formulación de políticas laborales. Este estudio contribuye significativamente al entendimiento de los determinantes del bienestar laboral y ofrece recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones y prácticas laborales. more...

Published
2025
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84. A faunal inventory of methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica

Author

Charlotte A. Seid, Avery S. Hiley, Marina F. McCowin, José I. Carvajal, Harim Cha, Shane T. Ahyong, Oliver S. Ashford, Odalisca Breedy, Douglas J. Eernisse, Shana K. Goffredi, Michel E. Hendrickx, Kevin M. Kocot, Christopher L. Mah, Allison K. Miller, Nicolás Mongiardino Koch, Rich Mooi, Timothy D. O'Hara, Fredrik Pleijel, Josefin Stiller, Ekin Tilic, Paul Valentich-Scott, Anders Warén, Mary K. Wicksten, Nerida G. Wilson, Erik E. Cordes, Lisa A. Levin, Jorge Cortés, and Greg W. Rouse more...

Subjects
Zoology, QL1-991
Abstract

The methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica support extensive animal diversity and offer insights into deep-sea biogeography. During five expeditions between 2009 and 2019, we conducted intensive faunal sampling via 63 submersible dives to 11 localities at depths of 300–3600 m. Based on these expeditions and published literature, we compiled voucher specimens, images, and 274 newly published DNA sequences to present a taxonomic inventory of macrofaunal and megafaunal diversity with a focus on invertebrates. In total 488 morphospecies were identified, representing the highest number of distinct morphospecies published from a single seep or vent region to date. Of these, 131 are described species, at least 58 are undescribed species, and the remainder include some degree of taxonomic uncertainty, likely representing additional undescribed species. Of the described species, 38 are known only from the Costa Rica seeps and their vicinity. Fifteen range extensions are also reported for species known from Mexico, the Galápagos seamounts, Chile, and the western Pacific; as well as 16 new depth records and three new seep records for species known to occur at vents or organic falls. No single evolutionary narrative explains the patterns of biodiversity at these seeps, as even morphologically indistinguishable species can show different biogeographic affinities, biogeographic ranges, or depth ranges. The value of careful molecular taxonomy and comprehensive specimen-based regional inventories is emphasized for biodiversity research and monitoring. more...

Published
2025
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85. Genomic analysis and potential polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) production from Bacillus strains isolated from extreme environments in Mexico

Author

Alvaro Ríos Sosa, Lilia A. Prado Barragán, Alvaro Ríos Reyes, and Elva T. Aréchiga Carvajal

Subjects
Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), Bacillus cereus, Bacillus i naquosorum, Paenibacillus dendritiformis, Dry cell weight, Genome, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Abstract Background Plastic pollution is a significant environmental problem caused by its high resistance to degradation. One potential solution is polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a microbial biodegradable polymer. Mexico has great uncovered microbial diversity with high potential for biotechnological applications. The best polymer producers tend to be isolated from environments that require survival adaptations from microorganisms, the high-producing Bacillus cereus strain saba.zh comes from refinery wastewater, the costs of production have been a limiting factor for biopolymer production, and one of the focuses of interest has been finding novel strains with better production or singular traits that help in industrial processes. Results The isolates were taxonomically classified as Bacillus cereus MSF4 and Bacillus inaquosorum MSD1 from Mina, Nuevo Leon; B. cereus S07C; and Paenibacillis dendritiformis from the active volcano “El Chichonal” on Chiapas. The strains had growth temperatures ranging from 35 to 50 °C and pH tolerance values ranging from 3 to 9. The best PHB-producing strain, B. cereus MSF4, produced 0.43 g/kg PHB on orange peels, followed by B. inaquosorum MSD1 at 0.40 g/kg, B. cereus S07C at 0.23 g/kg and P. dendritiformis at 0.26 g/kg. Conclusions The findings of this study affirm the potential of the Mexican isolated strains as PHB-producing organisms, enabling further studies to test their viability as industrial producers. The ability of P. dendritiformis and B. inaquosorum to synthetize PHB was also confirmed by the observations made providing novel evidence to consider these species as potential producers. more...

Published
2025
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86. Repository for Academic Documents, Algorithms and Data: A Utility in an Educational Context

Author

Ivan Jaramillo, Geovanny Brito, Anthony Pachay, and Duval Carvajal

Abstract

Data repositories currently constitute essential programs within institutions. In fact, universities are the primary institutions that promote the creation, management and storage for the safekeeping of a variety of documents, data and/or projects. This work is carried out within the framework of institutional need and the application of knowledge by the students and professors in the software degree program at a university in Ecuador. This project centers on a web application that makes it possible to manage, upload and download resources. This initial version focuses on the resources related to academic projects, data sets and algorithms. The scalability characteristics have been carefully introduced to ensure a progressive evolution of other types of resources and functionalities, in accordance with educational needs. Several aspects of the web interfaces are based on the characteristics of other existing repositories, and a series of tests related to functionality have been conducted in order to move beyond the introductory stage of use, to begin with, by the university community. This project is carried out according to a conception based on contributions, in which the agents, in principle, are members of the institution. The intensive and collaborative use of this utility will contribute to the growth of a data culture within the institution. Furthermore, the collection and organization of data for the purposes of study and research by the different university degree programs makes it possible to analyze and contrast them from different perspectives. more...

Published
2023

87. EFL Teacher Professional Development Needs: Voices from the Periphery

Author

Barrientos-Moncada, Marta Isabel, Carvajal-Castaño, Natalia Andrea, and Aristizabal-Cardona, Hernán Santiago

Abstract

EFL teachers' professional development in Colombia has been characterized by top-down policies that neglect the regions in terms of contextualized professional development programs and resources. This article is an effort to make EFL teachers' needs in the Eastern region of Antioquia, Colombia, visible for academic institutions and local authorities to propose coherent professional development programs. This report is based on a section of the findings of a larger study called "Diagnosis of the needs about plurilingualism in the regions of Antioquia". Findings show that EFL teachers in the Eastern region claim for ongoing and contextualized professional development programs, differentiated for primary and secondary-school teachers, and focused on instructional material design and adaptation according to the resources available in the local communities. Conclusions from this study outline implications for educational institutions to support teachers in pursuing their professional development within their contexts, methodological limitations for researchers, and possibilities for further research for stakeholders in the territory. more...

Published
2023

88. Correlation between microstructural deformation mechanisms and acoustic parameters on a cold-rolled Cu30Zn brass

Author

Sosa, Maria, Carvajal, Linton, Salinas, Vicente, Lund, Fernando, Aguilar, Claudio, and Castro, Felipe

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The relationship between acoustic parameters and the microstructure of a Cu30Zn brass plate subjected to plastic deformation was evaluated. The plate, previously annealed at 550 {\deg}C for 30 minutes, was cold rolled to reductions in the 10-70\% range. Using the pulse-echo method, linear ultrasonic measurements were performed on each of the nine specimens, corresponding to the nine different reductions, recording the wave times of flight of longitudinal wave along the thickness axis. Subsequently, acoustic measurements were performed to determine the nonlinear parameter ($\beta$) through the second harmonic generation. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a steady increase and subsequent saturation of deformation twins at 40\% thickness reduction. At higher deformations, the microstructure revealed the generation and proliferation of shear bands, which coincided with a decrease in the twinning structure and an increase in dislocation density rate. Longitudinal wave velocity exhibited a 0.9\% decrease at 20\% deformation, followed by a continuous increase of 2\% beyond this point. These results can be rationalized as a competition between a proliferation of dislocations, which tends to decrease the linear sound velocity, and a decrease in average grain size, which tends to increase it. These variations are in agreement with the values obtained with XRD, Vickers hardness and metallography measurements. The nonlinear parameter $\beta$ shows a significant maximum, at the factor of 8 level, at 40\% deformation. This maximum correlates well with a similar maximum, at a factor of ten level and also at 40\% deformation, of the twinning fault probability., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures more...

Published
2023

89. Anthropomorphic Grasping with Neural Object Shape Completion

Author

Hidalgo-Carvajal, Diego, Chen, Hanzhi, Bettelani, Gemma C., Jung, Jaesug, Zavaglia, Melissa, Busse, Laura, Naceri, Abdeldjallil, Leutenegger, Stefan, and Haddadin, Sami

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

The progressive prevalence of robots in human-suited environments has given rise to a myriad of object manipulation techniques, in which dexterity plays a paramount role. It is well-established that humans exhibit extraordinary dexterity when handling objects. Such dexterity seems to derive from a robust understanding of object properties (such as weight, size, and shape), as well as a remarkable capacity to interact with them. Hand postures commonly demonstrate the influence of specific regions on objects that need to be grasped, especially when objects are partially visible. In this work, we leverage human-like object understanding by reconstructing and completing their full geometry from partial observations, and manipulating them using a 7-DoF anthropomorphic robot hand. Our approach has significantly improved the grasping success rates of baselines with only partial reconstruction by nearly 30% and achieved over 150 successful grasps with three different object categories. This demonstrates our approach's consistent ability to predict and execute grasping postures based on the completed object shapes from various directions and positions in real-world scenarios. Our work opens up new possibilities for enhancing robotic applications that require precise grasping and manipulation skills of real-world reconstructed objects., Comment: Accepted to RA-L 2023 more...

Published
2023

90. Global well-posedness for the higher order non-linear Schr\'odinger equation on modulations spaces

Author

Carvajal, X., Gamboa, P., and Santos, R.

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We consider the initial value problem (IVP) associated to a higher order nonlinear Schr\"odinger (h-NLS) equation $ \partial_{t}u+ia \partial^{2}_{x}u+ b\partial^{3}_{x}u+ic_1|u|^{2}u+c_2 |u|^{2}\partial_{x}u=0, \quad x,t \in \mathbb{R}, $ for given data in the modulation space $M_s^{2,p}(\mathbb{R})$. Using ideias of Killip, Visan, Zhang, Oh, Wang, we prove that the IVP associated to the h-NLS equation is globally well-posed in the modulation spaces $M^{s,p}$ for $s\geq\frac14$ and $p\geq2$. more...

Published
2023
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91. Estado poblacional del mono tití panameño (saguinus geoffroyi) en la reserva natural Cerro Ancón, Panamá

Author

Karol M. Gutiérrez-Pineda, Karina Carvajal- Castrejón, Jorge Mendieta, and Pedro G. Méndez-Carvajal

Subjects
Estructura grupal, densidad poblacional, fragmentación, primate, resiliencia, Mathematics, QA1-939, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

En Panamá, las poblaciones del mono tití panameño (Saguinus geoffroyi) se encuentran Casi Amenazadas y a partir del 2015 se prevé una reducción poblacional del 25%. Los estudios de ecología poblacional son claves para evaluar la resiliencia de este primate a través del tiempo. Tuvimos como objetivo estimar la estructura grupal y densidad poblacional de S. geoffroyi en la Reserva Natural Cerro Ancón (RNCA). Establecimos un transecto de franja (1.75 km de largo y 40 m de ancho) y lo recorrimos dos días a la semana, en dos periodos del día (07:00 a 12:00 h y 13:00 a 18:00 h) desde agosto 2019 a marzo 2020. Logramos contabilizar 54 individuos repartidos en nueve grupos, con promedio de 6 ± 0.7 DE (rango 5 a 7) individuos/grupo, con una relación macho:hembra de 1:0.9, juveniles:hembra de 1.2:0.9 e infante:hembra de 0.2:0.9. La densidad calculada fue de 4.5 individuos/km2. Los datos son similares a los reportados anteriormente, mostrando una resiliencia de los grupos. La RNCA es una zona de refugio para los grupos de S. geoffroyi, ofreciéndoles importantes fuentes de alimentación. Recomendamos mantener las conexiones boscosas entre las zonas aledañas y la reserva, de esta forma evitar un hacinamiento de los grupos. more...

Published
2025
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