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Grape seed extract and grape pomace are rich sources of polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the release of polyphenols, the solubilisation of carbohydrate, and the antioxidant capacity of these grape by-products after enzymatic reaction with carbohydrases (cellulolytic and pectinolytic activities) and tannase for 24 h. The use of tannase in these by-products, and pectinase in grape pomace changed the galloylated form of catechin to its free form, releasing gallic acid and increasing the antioxidant activity. In grape pomace, cellulase treatment was not efficient for phenolic release and antioxidant activity improvement. The addition of carbohydrases to grape pomace, either alone or in combination, degraded the cell wall polysaccharides, increasing the content of monosaccharides. These results provide relevant data about the potential of pectinase, tannase and combinations of enzymes on the release of polyphenols and monosaccharides from grape by-products, improving the antioxidant capacity and the nutritional value., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Weaning is considered a stressful period for rabbits caused by abrupt changes of diet and environment. An immature immune system together with a transient decrease of nutrient digestibility places the animal in adverse conditions where digestive pathologies might take place. In recent years the European ban on antibiotic type growth promoters in animal feeds has even complicated weaning management for farmers because of the widespread and incidence of emerging animal diseases. Since the first outbreaks in 1997 the epizootic rabbit enteropathy (ERE) has become a threatto the industry as it can cause between 20 and 70% of mortality and up to 100% morbidity in European rabbit commercial farms. Although the aetiology ofthis disease remains unknown, proliferation of Clostridium perfringens could be a consequence of ERE and might be associated to the high mortality caused by this disease. Although, several antibiotics have been proven to be efficient against ERE, there is a need to find alternative solutions to control the disease in order to fulfil current EU legislation. Among them, nutritional management has become a priority, given its importance on digestive diseases. The present work summarises recent research related to the feed composition and management of young rabbits in farms affected by ERE, aiming to provide useful guidelines for nutritionists towards a preventive nutrition against this disease. Data dealing with maternal and environmental effects on ERE incidence and mortality are also discussed., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

The aim of this paper was to study the effect of the intensive breeding system (IBS: insemination 4 d postpartum and weaning age at 25 d) vs. the semi-intensive breeding system (SIBS: insemination 11 d post-partum and weaning age at 35 d) on lactating does’ performance and the combined effect of the type of farm hygiene (cleaned and disinfected or not) on the performance of growing rabbits from weaning until 56 d of age. A total of 58 New Zealand×Californian rabbit does (29/reproductive rhythm) and 168 young rabbits per combination weaning age×type of farm were selected at random over two consecutive reproductive cycles. Mortality during lactation presented higher values (P=0.067) in young rabbits weaned at 35 d than in those weaned at 25 (19.1 vs. 9.60%). In the fi rst cycle, the number of kits weaned per litter was similar for both reproductive rhythms (7.89 and 8.01 for IBS and SIBS, respectively), whereas in the second cycle, the number of rabbits weaned was lower in rabbit does that weaned their litters later (6.90 vs. 9.06; P=0.049). Weight at parturition and at weaning, fertility, parturition interval, numerical productivity and the number of young rabbits born dead and weaned were not affected by treatments. The fattening mortality was higher in the second cycle than in the fi rst (20.2 vs. 14.5 %, P=0.051), in the farm without cleaning and disinfection between cycles (20.0 vs. 14.2%, P=0.032) and in the animals weaned at 35 d than at 25 d (20.0 vs. 14.7 %, P=0.063). Animals weaned at 25 and 35 d of age both had a peak of mortality around two weeks after weaning. The average weight of rabbits at 56 d was not signigicantly different between the animals weaned at 25 or 35 d (1805 vs. 1787 g, respectively; P=0.64). However, the feed effi ciency in the whole fattening period was higher in young rabbits weaned at 25 d than in those weaned at 35 d (0.392 vs. 0.298 g/g; P<0.001)., Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

The aim of this work was to study the effect of protein source / availability on the intestinal microbiota, digestive traits and nutritional performance of early-weaned rabbits. The effects of supplemental antibiotics in the drinking water were also evaluated. Four isoenergetic and isofibrous diets were formulated: a control diet with a high protein (207 g/kg dry matter (DM)) and lucerne hay content (HPHL), a diet with low crude protein (CP) (179 g/kg DM) and high lucerne hay content (LPHL) and low protein diets in which the lucerne hay in diet LPHL was replaced partially (LPML) or totally (LPLL) with soya-bean protein concentrate. Rabbits, weaned at 25 days (52 per diet), were fed the experimental diets for a 2-week period and thereafter received a commercial diet until 56 days of age. The incidence of mortality was investigated using 70 animals per diet without supplemental medication. The profile of the ileal microbiota was studied at 35 days of age in rabbits treated (18 per diet) or not (12 per diet) with antibiotic. As expected, supplementation with antibiotics effectively reduced fattening mortality rate and microbial biodiversity. However, lowering of also the dietary CP content led to a reduction in the mortality rate ( P < 0.05), both in animals treated with (by 80%) or without (by 39%) antibiotics. In addition, there was a reduction ( P < 0.05) in the frequency of Clostridium perfringens in non-medicated animals. Neither jejunal morphology nor growth performance, over the whole fattening period, was affected by dietary CP content of the experimental diets. However, with HPHL, feed efficiency was higher (by 4.8%; P < 0.01) than with LPHL diets. Substitution of lucerne hay with soya-bean meal in low protein diets did not affect apparent faecal or ileal digestibility of DM and CP. However, the ileal digestibility of cystine, alanine, aspartic acid, and proline was lowered ( P < 0.05) with increasing substitution by soya bean. Nevertheless, ileal CP flow, inc, Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología (CICYT), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Depto. de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, TRUE, pub

La Tesis Doctoral comienza con una introducción en la que se incluye una reseña histórica. Se estudian las interfases entre los distintos tejidos y los componentes de los implantes, tanto desde el punto de vista anatómico como histológico, así como las interacciones que se producen entre ellos. Se estudia seguidamente la patología periimplataria, con un especial énfasis en el papel de la placa bacteriana sobre los tejidos periimplantarios. Más adelante se analiza la importancia de los parámetros periodontales en el diagnóstico implantario con los consiguientes criterios de éxito y fracaso y se repasa el tratamiento tanto de la pérdida ósea como de los implantes en vías de fracaso. En el planteamiento, el presente trabajo intenta valorar la importancia de los diferentes parámetros utilizados para las revisiones periódicas de los pacientes tratados con prótesis odontológicas implantoso-portadas. Se trata de adaptar las pruebas de diagnóstico de salud-enfermedad periodontal al campo periimplantario. Los objetivos se dirigen a comprobar: 1.- La importancia del estado de salud-enfermedad de los tejidos blandos periimplantarios en el éxito o fracaso implantario. 2.- Si los parámetros periodontales clásicos pueden determinar precozmente el fracaso implantario. 3.- Si los antecedentes patológicos del desdentado influyen en el pronóstico de tratamiento con implantes. 4.- Si los factores "patoplásticos" (tabaco y alcohol) tienen influencia en el tratamiento implantológico. 5.- Si algunos factores generales como: edad, sexo, tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía, calidad y cantidad de hueso, pueden influir en el éxito o fracaso del tratamiento con implantes. En el material y método se describe la selección de cincuenta y seis pacientes con un total de ochenta y cuatro implantes, así como los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. También el material empleado, características de la muestra, sistemática de la fase clínica. Más adelante se relata la informatización de los datos y se

La Tesis Doctoral comienza con una introducción en la que se incluye una reseña histórica. Se estudian las interfases entre los distintos tejidos y los componentes de los implantes, tanto desde el punto de vista anatómico como histológico, así como las interacciones que se producen entre ellos. Se estudia seguidamente la patología periimplataria, con un especial énfasis en el papel de la placa bacteriana sobre los tejidos periimplantarios. Más adelante se analiza la importancia de los parámetros periodontales en el diagnóstico implantario con los consiguientes criterios de éxito y fracaso y se repasa el tratamiento tanto de la pérdida ósea como de los implantes en vías de fracaso. En el planteamiento, el presente trabajo intenta valorar la importancia de los diferentes parámetros utilizados para las revisiones periódicas de los pacientes tratados con prótesis odontológicas implantoso-portadas. Se trata de adaptar las pruebas de diagnóstico de salud-enfermedad periodontal al campo periimplantario. Los objetivos se dirigen a comprobar: 1.- La importancia del estado de salud-enfermedad de los tejidos blandos periimplantarios en el éxito o fracaso implantario. 2.- Si los parámetros periodontales clásicos pueden determinar precozmente el fracaso implantario. 3.- Si los antecedentes patológicos del desdentado influyen en el pronóstico de tratamiento con implantes. 4.- Si los factores "patoplásticos" (tabaco y alcohol) tienen influencia en el tratamiento implantológico. 5.- Si algunos factores generales como: edad, sexo, tiempo transcurrido desde la cirugía, calidad y cantidad de hueso, pueden influir en el éxito o fracaso del tratamiento con implantes. En el material y método se describe la selección de cincuenta y seis pacientes con un total de ochenta y cuatro implantes, así como los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. También el material empleado, características de la muestra, sistemática de la fase clínica. Más adelante se relata la informatización de los datos y se