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51. PAPER-64 Constraints on reionization. II. The Temperature of the z = 8.4 intergalactic medium

Author: Parsons, Aaron R., Liu, Adrian, Cheng, Carina, and Deboer, David R.
Published: 2015

52. Biodiversity footprints of 151 popular dishes from around the world.

Author: Cheng, Elissa M. Y., Cheng, Carina M. L., Choo, Jacqueline, Yan, Yanyun, and Carrasco, Luis Roman
Subjects: *VEGETARIAN foods, *FEEDLOTS, *BIODIVERSITY, *TABLEWARE, *AGRICULTURE, *LIVESTOCK productivity, *PRODUCTION losses
Abstract: Habitat loss for food production is a key threat to global biodiversity. Despite the importance of dietary choices on our capacity to mitigate the on-going biodiversity crisis, unlike with specific ingredients or products, consumers have limited information on the biodiversity implications of choosing to eat a certain popular dish. Here we estimated the biodiversity footprints of 151 popular local dishes from around the world when globally and locally produced and after calorical content standardization. We find that specific ingredients (beef, legumes, rice) encroaching on biodiversity hotspots with already very high agricultural pressure (e.g. India) lead to high biodiversity footprint in the dishes. Examples of high-biodiversity-footprint popular dishes were beef dishes such as fraldinha (beef cut dish) originating from Brazil and legume dishes such as chana masala (chickpea curry) from India. Regardless of assuming locally or globally produced, feedlot or pasture livestock production, vegan and vegetarian dishes presented lower biodiversity footprints than dishes containing meat. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of analysing biodiversity footprint at the dish level across multiple countries, making sustainable eating decisions more accessible to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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53. Water flows in Figueres: review the history and enhance flooding resilience of the city of Figueres

Author: Batlle Durany, Enric, Spanou, Ioanna, Gómez de Zamora Martínez, Daniel, Zahonero Xifre, Anna, Cheng, Carina, Batlle Durany, Enric, Spanou, Ioanna, Gómez de Zamora Martínez, Daniel, Zahonero Xifre, Anna, and Cheng, Carina
Abstract: Water plays a crucial role in shaping the environment we inhabit. This project aims to reveal the history and geography of the existing city of Figueres, and to propose an appropriate approach responding to them, as well as to mitigating the severe effect of climate change to the city and enhance the living environment for current habitants.
Published: 2023

54. Methods for the Detection of the Epoch of Reionization

Author: Cheng, Carina
Subjects: Astrophysics, Astronomy, 21cm, Cosmic Dawn, Cosmology, Interferometry, Radio Telescope, Reionization
Abstract: The Epoch of Reionization is one of the last unexplored eras of our Universe's history. Beginning about a billion years after the Big Bang, this epoch is characterized by the births of the first stars and galaxies, whose light subsequently altered the nature of the gas surrounding them. There are several experiments aiming to detect the phase transition of this gas as it changes from neutral hydrogen to ionized hydrogen. Such a detection would open a wealth of information about our early Universe, revealing details about the nature of the first luminous sources and the evolution of structure formation.Interferometers such as the Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) and the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) seek to measure the 21 cm signal from neutral hydrogen and map its evolution over spatial and temporal scales. A detection of reionization, however, is a difficult measurement. Though the 21 cm signal is a powerful 3D probe of the intergalactic medium, it is easily buried underneath bright foreground signals and instrumental systematics. A clean detection of reionization is ambitious and requires analysis methods that maximize data sensitivity and increase confidence in results.The work presented in this thesis addresses many of the key challenges that face the current field of 21 cm cosmology. This includes algorithms to locate contaminated data, methods to ensure accurate power spectrum measurements, and techniques for removing unwanted systematics while preserving the reionization signal. These developments serve as the foundation of the latest 21 cm measurements from the PAPER-64 and PAPER-128 arrays, whose results lie near the forefront of the field. These methods are also fundamental to HERA and future experiments, as they provide a strong foundation for the continued exploration of our cosmic dawn.
Published: 2019

55. Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations

Author: Abdurashidova, The HERA Collaboration: Zara, primary, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Barkana, Rennan, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Breitman, Daniela, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Choudhuri, Samir, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fialkov, Anastasia, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Garsden, Hugh, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorce, Adélie, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Heimersheim, Stefan, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, McBride, Lisa, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Mirocha, Jordan, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Muñoz, Julian B., additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Nagpal, Vighnesh, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Qin, Yuxiang, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G., additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Tan, Jianrong, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Wilensky, Michael J., additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2023
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56. Search for the epoch of reionisation with hera: Upper Limits on the Closure Phase Delay Power Spectrum

Author: Keller, Pascal M, primary, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Carilli, Chris L, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Charles, Ntsikelelo, additional, Bester, Landman, additional, Smirnov, Oleg M, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Morales, Miguel F, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bowman, Judd D, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Eksteen, Nico, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Plante, Paul La, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G, additional, Neben, Abraham R, additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Van Wyngaarden, Pieter, additional, Williams, Peter K G, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2023
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57. Characterization of inpaint residuals in interferometric measurements of the epoch of reionization

Author: Pagano, Michael, primary, Liu, Jing, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Ravanbakhsh, Siamak, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bowman, Judd D, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris L, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Eksteen, Nico, additional, Ely, John, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R, additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, additional, Williams, Peter K G, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2023
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58. Impact of instrument and data characteristics in the interferometric reconstruction of the 21 cm power spectrum

Author: Gorce, Adélie, primary, Ganjam, Samskruthi, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Murray, Steven G, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bowman, Judd D, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris L, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Eksteen, Nico, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Plante, Paul La, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R, additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, additional, Williams, Peter K G, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2023
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59. Bayesian jackknife tests with a small number of subsets: application to HERA 21 cm power spectrum upper limits

Author: Wilensky, Michael J, primary, Kennedy, Fraser, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bowman, Judd D, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris L, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Eksteen, Nico, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, MacMahon, David Harold Edward, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G, additional, Neben, Abraham R, additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, van Wyngaarden, Pieter, additional, Williams, Peter K G, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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60. Direct Optimal Mapping for 21 cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Xu, Zhilei, primary, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Chen, Kai-Feng, additional, Kim, Honggeun, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Byrne, Ruby, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Adams, Tyrone, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Baartman, Rushelle, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Eksteen, Nico, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Plante, Paul La, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, Edward MacMahon, David Harold, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Malgas, Keith, additional, Marero, Bradley, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nuwegeld, Hans, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Swarts, Hilton, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Wyngaarden, Pieter Van Van, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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61. First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steve, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dibblee-Barkman, Taylor, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, Lewis, David, Liu, Adrian, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham Richard, Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pascua, Robert, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., Zheng, Haoxuan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steve, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dibblee-Barkman, Taylor, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, Lewis, David, Liu, Adrian, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham Richard, Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pascua, Robert, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Abstract: We report upper limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm power spectrum at redshifts 7.9 and 10.4 with 18 nights of data (∼36 hr of integration) from Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). The Phase I data show evidence for systematics that can be largely suppressed with systematic models down to a dynamic range of ∼109 with respect to the peak foreground power. This yields a 95% confidence upper limit on the 21 cm power spectrum of ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{21}^{2}\leqslant {(30.76)}^{2}\ {\mathrm{mK}}^{2}$ at k = 0.192 h Mpc−1 at z = 7.9, and also ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{21}^{2}\leqslant {(95.74)}^{2}\ {\mathrm{mK}}^{2}$ at k = 0.256 h Mpc−1 at z = 10.4. At z = 7.9, these limits are the most sensitive to date by over an order of magnitude. While we find evidence for residual systematics at low line-of-sight Fourier k∥ modes, at high k∥ modes we find our data to be largely consistent with thermal noise, an indicator that the system could benefit from deeper integrations. The observed systematics could be due to radio frequency interference, cable subreflections, or residual instrumental cross-coupling, and warrant further study. This analysis emphasizes algorithms that have minimal inherent signal loss, although we do perform a careful accounting in a companion paper of the small forms of loss or bias associated with the pipeline. Overall, these results are a promising first step in the development of a tuned, instrument-specific analysis pipeline for HERA, particularly as Phase II construction is completed en route to reaching the full sensitivity of the experiment.
Published: 2022

62. Methods of Error Estimation for Delay Power Spectra in 21 cm Cosmology

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tan, Jianrong, Liu, Adrian, Kern, Nicholas S., Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Christopher L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., Zheng, Haoxuan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Tan, Jianrong, Liu, Adrian, Kern, Nicholas S., Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Christopher L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Published: 2022

63. First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum

Author: Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steve, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dibblee-Barkman, Taylor, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, Lewis, David, Liu, Adrian, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pascua, Robert, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., Zheng, Haoxuan, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steve, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dibblee-Barkman, Taylor, Dillon, Joshua S., Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, Lewis, David, Liu, Adrian, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pascua, Robert, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Abstract: We report upper limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm power spectrum at redshifts 7.9 and 10.4 with 18 nights of data (∼36 hr of integration) from Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). The Phase I data show evidence for systematics that can be largely suppressed with systematic models down to a dynamic range of ∼109 with respect to the peak foreground power. This yields a 95% confidence upper limit on the 21 cm power spectrum of ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{21}^{2}\leqslant {(30.76)}^{2}\ {\mathrm{mK}}^{2}$ at k = 0.192 h Mpc−1 at z = 7.9, and also ${{\rm{\Delta }}}_{21}^{2}\leqslant {(95.74)}^{2}\ {\mathrm{mK}}^{2}$ at k = 0.256 h Mpc−1 at z = 10.4. At z = 7.9, these limits are the most sensitive to date by over an order of magnitude. While we find evidence for residual systematics at low line-of-sight Fourier k∥ modes, at high k∥ modes we find our data to be largely consistent with thermal noise, an indicator that the system could benefit from deeper integrations. The observed systematics could be due to radio frequency interference, cable subreflections, or residual instrumental cross-coupling, and warrant further study. This analysis emphasizes algorithms that have minimal inherent signal loss, although we do perform a careful accounting in a companion paper of the small forms of loss or bias associated with the pipeline. Overall, these results are a promising first step in the development of a tuned, instrument-specific analysis pipeline for HERA, particularly as Phase II construction is completed en route to reaching the full sensitivity of the experiment.
Published: 2022

64. H i 21 cm Cosmology and the Bi-spectrum: Closure Diagnostics in Massively Redundant Interferometric Arrays

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Carilli, C.L., Nikolic, Bojan, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Gale-Sides, K., Abdirashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Burba, Jacob, Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dillon, Joshua S., Ewall-Wice, Aaron Michael, Fadana, Gcobisa, Fagnoni, Nicholas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Ghosh, Abhik, Glendenning, Brian, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Mathew, Lekalake, Telalo, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary, Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Neben, Abraham Richard, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, La Plante, Paul, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sell, Raddwine, Sims, Peter, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Williams, Peter K.G., Zheng, Haoxuan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Carilli, C.L., Nikolic, Bojan, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Gale-Sides, K., Abdirashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Burba, Jacob, Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matt, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dillon, Joshua S., Ewall-Wice, Aaron Michael, Fadana, Gcobisa, Fagnoni, Nicholas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Ghosh, Abhik, Glendenning, Brian, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Mathew, Lekalake, Telalo, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary, Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Neben, Abraham Richard, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, La Plante, Paul, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Sell, Raddwine, Sims, Peter, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Williams, Peter K.G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Abstract: New massively redundant low frequency arrays allow for a novel investigation of closure relations in interferometry. We employ commissioning data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array to investigate closure quantities in this densely packed grid array of 14m antennas operating at 100 MHz to 200 MHz. We investigate techniques that utilize closure phase spectra for redundant triads to estimate departures from redundancy for redundant baseline visibilities. We find a median absolute deviation from redundancy in closure phase across the observed frequency range of about 4.5deg. This value translates into a non-redundancy per visibility phase of about 2.6deg, using prototype electronics. The median absolute deviations from redundancy decrease with longer baselines. We show that closure phase spectra can be used to identify ill-behaved antennas in the array, independent of calibration. We investigate the temporal behavior of closure spectra. The Allan variance increases after a one minute stride time, due to passage of the sky through the primary beam of the transit telescope. However, the closure spectra repeat to well within the noise per measurement at corresponding local sidereal times (LST) from day to day. In future papers in this series we will develop the technique of using closure phase spectra in the search for the HI 21cm signal from cosmic reionization.
Published: 2022

65. HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21 cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology during the Epoch of Reionization

Author: The HERA Collaboration, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki, Balfour, Yanga, Barkana, Rennan, Beardsley, Adam, Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee, Bowman, Judd, Bradley, Richard, Bull, Phillip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Christopher, Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David, Dexter, Matthew, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dillon, Joshua, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fialkov, Anastasia, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna, Heimersheim, Stefan, Hewitt, Jacqueline, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel, Julius, Austin, Kern, Nicholas, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul, Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Lekalake, Telalo, Lewis, David, Liu, Adrian, Ma, Yin-Zhe, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthys, Martinot, Zachary, Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Mirocha, Jordan, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Munoz, Julian, Murray, Steven, Neben, Abraham, Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, Parsons, Aaron, Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan, Qin, Yuxiang, Razavi-Ghods, N., Reis, Itamar, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Santos, Mario, Sikder, Sudipta, Sims, Peter, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter, Zheng, Haoxuan, Abdurashidova, Z., Aguirre, J. E., Alexander, P., Ali, Z. S., Balfour, Y., Barkana, R., Beardsley, A. P., Bernardi, G., Billings, T. S., Bowman, J. D., Bradley, R. F., Bull, P., Burba, J., Carey, S., Carilli, C. L., Cheng, C., Deboer, D. R., Dexter, M., De Lera Acedo, E., Dillon, J. S., Ely, J., Ewall-Wice, A., Fagnoni, N., Fialkov, A., Fritz, R., Furlanetto, S. R., Gale-Sides, K., Glendenning, B., Gorthi, D., Greig, B., Grobbelaar, J., Halday, Z., Hazelton, B. J., Heimersheim, S., Hewitt, J. N., Hickish, J., Jacobs, D. C., Julius, A., Kern, N. S., Kerrigan, J., Kittiwisit, P., Kohn, S. A., Kolopanis, M., Lanman, A., La Plante, P., Lekalake, T., Lewis, D., Liu, A., Ma, Y. -Z., Macmahon, D., Malan, L., Malgas, C., Maree, M., Martinot, Z. E., Matsetela, E., Mesinger, A., Mirocha, J., Molewa, M., Morales, M. F., Mosiane, T., Munoz, J. B., Murray, S. G., Neben, A. R., Nikolic, B., Nunhokee, C. D., Parsons, A. R., Patra, N., Pieterse, S., Pober, J. C., Qin, Y., Razavi-Ghods, N., Reis, I., Ringuette, J., Robnett, J., Rosie, K., Santos, M. G., Sikder, S., Sims, P., Smith, C., Syce, A., Thyagarajan, N., Williams, P. K. G., Zheng, H., USA, GBR, ZAF, Aguirre, JE [0000-0002-4810-666X], Barkana, R [0000-0002-1557-693X], Beardsley, AP [0000-0001-9428-8233], Bernardi, G [0000-0002-0916-7443], Bowman, JD [0000-0002-8475-2036], Bradley, RF [0000-0003-1172-8331], Bull, P [0000-0001-5668-3101], Carilli, CL [0000-0001-6647-3861], Deboer, DR [0000-0003-3197-2294], Dillon, JS [0000-0003-3336-9958], Ewall-Wice, A [0000-0002-0086-7363], Fialkov, A [0000-0002-1369-633X], Furlanetto, SR [0000-0002-0658-1243], Gorthi, D [0000-0002-0829-167X], Greig, B [0000-0002-4085-2094], Hazelton, BJ [0000-0001-7532-645X], Heimersheim, S [0000-0001-9631-4212], Hewitt, JN [0000-0002-4117-570X], Jacobs, DC [0000-0002-0917-2269], Kern, NS [0000-0002-8211-1892], Kerrigan, J [0000-0002-1876-272X], Kittiwisit, P [0000-0003-0953-313X], Kohn, SA [0000-0001-6744-5328], Kolopanis, M [0000-0002-2950-2974], La Plante, P [0000-0002-4693-0102], Liu, A [0000-0001-6876-0928], Ma, YZ [0000-0001-8108-0986], Mesinger, A [0000-0003-3374-1772], Mirocha, J [0000-0002-8802-5581], Morales, MF [0000-0001-7694-4030], Munoz, JB [0000-0002-8984-0465], Neben, AR [0000-0001-7776-7240], Nunhokee, CD [0000-0002-5445-6586], Patra, N [0000-0002-9457-1941], Pober, JC [0000-0002-3492-0433], Qin, Y [0000-0002-4314-1810], Reis, I [0000-0002-6203-7496], Santos, MG [0000-0003-3892-3073], Sims, P [0000-0002-2871-0413], Thyagarajan, N [0000-0003-1602-7868], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Theory, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, astro-ph.GA, hep-th, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Theory (hep-th), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, astro-ph.CO, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Recently, the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) collaboration has produced the experiment's first upper limits on the power spectrum of 21-cm fluctuations at z~8 and 10. Here, we use several independent theoretical models to infer constraints on the intergalactic medium (IGM) and galaxies during the epoch of reionization (EoR) from these limits. We find that the IGM must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling threshold by z~8, independent of uncertainties about the IGM ionization state and the nature of the radio background. Combining HERA limits with galaxy and EoR observations constrains the spin temperature of the z~8 neutral IGM to 27 K < T_S < 630 K (2.3 K < T_S < 640 K) at 68% (95%) confidence. They therefore also place a lower bound on X-ray heating, a previously unconstrained aspects of early galaxies. For example, if the CMB dominates the z~8 radio background, the new HERA limits imply that the first galaxies produced X-rays more efficiently than local ones (with soft band X-ray luminosities per star formation rate constrained to L_X/SFR = { 10^40.2, 10^41.9 } erg/s/(M_sun/yr) at 68% confidence), consistent with expectations of X-ray binaries in low-metallicity environments. The z~10 limits require even earlier heating if dark-matter interactions (e.g., through millicharges) cool down the hydrogen gas. Using a model in which an extra radio background is produced by galaxies, we rule out (at 95% confidence) the combination of high radio and low X-ray luminosities of L_{r,ν}/SFR > 3.9 x 10^24 W/Hz/(M_sun/yr) and L_X/SFR, 40 pages, 19 figures, accepted to ApJ
Published: 2022
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66. First Results from HERA Phase I: Upper Limits on the Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum

Author: Abdurashidova, Zara, primary, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dibblee-Barkman, Taylor, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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67. Validation of the HERA Phase I Epoch of Reionization 21 cm Power Spectrum Software Pipeline

Author: Aguirre, James E., primary, Murray, Steven G., additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Whitler, Lily, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Lewis, David, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G., additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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68. HERA Phase I Limits on the Cosmic 21 cm Signal: Constraints on Astrophysics and Cosmology during the Epoch of Reionization

Author: Abdurashidova, Zara, primary, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Barkana, Rennan, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fialkov, Anastasia, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Heimersheim, Stefan, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Mirocha, Jordan, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Muñoz, Julian B., additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Qin, Yuxiang, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Reis, Itamar, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G., additional, Sikder, Sudipta, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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69. Automated Detection of Antenna Malfunctions in Large‐ N Interferometers: A Case Study With the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Storer, Dara, primary, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Ewall‐Wice, Aaron, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Dynes, Scott, additional, Ely, John, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale‐Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Huang, Tian, additional, Josaitis, Alec, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi‐Ghods, Nima, additional, Riley, Daniel, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G., additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Tan, Jianrong, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2022
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70. Bayesian jackknife tests with a small number of subsets: application to HERA 21 cm power spectrum upper limits.

Author: Wilensky, Michael J, Kennedy, Fraser, Bull, Philip, Dillon, Joshua S, Abdurashidova, Zara, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E, Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S, Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P, Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S, Bowman, Judd D, Bradley, Richard F, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L, and Cheng, Carina
Subjects: POWER spectra, POCKETKNIVES, MIDDLE Ages, SUBSET selection
Abstract: We present a Bayesian jackknife test for assessing the probability that a data set contains biased subsets, and, if so, which of the subsets are likely to be biased. The test can be used to assess the presence and likely source of statistical tension between different measurements of the same quantities in an automated manner. Under certain broadly applicable assumptions, the test is analytically tractable. We also provide an open-source code, chiborg , that performs both analytic and numerical computations of the test on general Gaussian-distributed data. After exploring the information theoretical aspects of the test and its performance with an array of simulations, we apply it to data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) to assess whether different sub-seasons of observing can justifiably be combined to produce a deeper 21 cm power spectrum upper limit. We find that, with a handful of exceptions, the HERA data in question are statistically consistent and this decision is justified. We conclude by pointing out the wide applicability of this test, including to CMB experiments and the H 0 tension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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71. The correlation calibration of PAPER-64 data

Author: Gogo, Tamirat G, primary, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Sievers, Jonathan L, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Pober, Jonathan C, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, Dexter, Matthew R, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Klima, Pat, additional, MacMahon, David H E, additional, Moore, David F, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D, additional, Walbrugh, William P, additional, and Walker, Andre, additional
Published: 2021
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72. Automated Detection of Antenna Malfunctions in Large-N Interferometers: A Case Study with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Storer, Dara, primary, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Jacobs, Daniel, additional, Morales, Miguel, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bowman, Judd, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Chris, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Dynes, Scott, additional, Ely, John, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Huang, Tian, additional, Josaitis, Alec, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kariseb, MacCalvin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Loots, Anita, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G, additional, Neben, Abraham Richard, additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, additional, Parsons, Aaron, additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Riley, Daniel, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Tan, Jianrong, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2021
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73. Methods of Error Estimation for Delay Power Spectra in 21 cm Cosmology

Author: Tan, Jianrong, primary, Liu, Adrian, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Carilli, Christopher L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steve R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Singh, Saurabh, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2021
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74. Effects of model incompleteness on the drift-scan calibration of radio telescopes

Author: Gehlot, Bharat K, primary, Jacobs, Daniel C, additional, Bowman, Judd D, additional, Mahesh, Nivedita, additional, Murray, Steven G, additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Beardsley, Adam P, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E, additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S, additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Billings, Tashalee S, additional, Bradley, Richard F, additional, Bull, Phil, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Carilli, Chris L, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R, additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Dillon, Joshua S, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R, additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kern, Nicholas S, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Ma, Yin-Zhe, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E, additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Monsalve, Raul A, additional, Morales, Miguel F, additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R, additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Parsons, Aaron R, additional, Pascua, Robert, additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Santos, Mario G, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Tegmark, Max, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K G, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2021
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75. Detection of cosmic structures using the bispectrum phase. II. First results from application to cosmic reionization using the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, primary, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Kent, James, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Matika, Siyanda, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steve, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Lewis, David, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2020
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76. Measuring HERA's Primary Beam in Situ: Methodology and First Results

Author: Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., primary, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Kern, Nicholas S., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steve R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Plante, Paul La, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2020
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77. Imaging and Modeling Data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Carilli, C. L., primary, Thyagarajan, N., additional, Kent, J., additional, Nikolic, B., additional, Gale-Sides, K., additional, Kern, N. S., additional, Bernardi, G., additional, Mesinger, A., additional, Matika, S., additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Phil, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steve R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Josaitis, Alec, additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kim, Honggeun, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Plante, Paul La, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Parra, Juan Mena, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2020
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78. Absolute Calibration Strategies for the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array and Their Impact on the 21 cm Power Spectrum

Author: Kern, Nicholas S., primary, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Carilli, Christopher L., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Billings, Tashalee S., additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carey, Steven, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Ely, John, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steve R., additional, Gale-Sides, Kingsley, additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Nikolic, Bojan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2020
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79. Mitigating Internal Instrument Coupling for 21 cm Cosmology. II. A Method Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Kern, Nicholas S., primary, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Lanman, Adam E., additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Bull, Philip, additional, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, additional, Abdurashidova, Zara, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Alexander, Paul, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Balfour, Yanga, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Bowman, Judd D., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Burba, Jacob, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matt, additional, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, additional, Fagnoni, Nicolas, additional, Fritz, Randall, additional, Furlanetto, Steve R., additional, Glendenning, Brian, additional, Gorthi, Deepthi, additional, Greig, Bradley, additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Halday, Ziyaad, additional, Hazelton, Bryna J., additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., additional, Hickish, Jack, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Julius, Austin, additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, La Plante, Paul, additional, Lekalake, Telalo, additional, MacMahon, David, additional, Malan, Lourence, additional, Malgas, Cresshim, additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Martinot, Zachary E., additional, Matsetela, Eunice, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Molewa, Mathakane, additional, Morales, Miguel F., additional, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, additional, Murray, Steven G., additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Pieterse, Samantha, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Ringuette, Jon, additional, Robnett, James, additional, Rosie, Kathryn, additional, Sims, Peter, additional, Smith, Craig, additional, Syce, Angelo, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Williams, Peter K. G., additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2020
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80. Foreground modelling via Gaussian process regression: an application to HERA data

Author: Ghosh, Abhik, primary, Mertens, Florent, primary, Bernardi, Gianni, primary, Santos, Mário G, primary, Kern, Nicholas S, primary, Carilli, Christopher L, primary, Grobler, Trienko L, primary, Koopmans, Léon V E, primary, Jacobs, Daniel C, primary, Liu, Adrian, primary, Parsons, Aaron R, primary, Morales, Miguel F, primary, Aguirre, James E, primary, Dillon, Joshua S, primary, Hazelton, Bryna J, primary, Smirnov, Oleg M, primary, Gehlot, Bharat K, primary, Matika, Siyanda, primary, Alexander, Paul, primary, Ali, Zaki S, primary, Beardsley, Adam P, primary, Benefo, Roshan K, primary, Billings, Tashalee S, primary, Bowman, Judd D, primary, Bradley, Richard F, primary, Cheng, Carina, primary, Chichura, Paul M, primary, DeBoer, David R, primary, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, primary, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, primary, Fadana, Gcobisa, primary, Fagnoni, Nicolas, primary, Fortino, Austin F, primary, Fritz, Randall, primary, Furlanetto, Steve R, primary, Gallardo, Samavarti, primary, Glendenning, Brian, primary, Gorthi, Deepthi, primary, Greig, Bradley, primary, Grobbelaar, Jasper, primary, Hickish, Jack, primary, Josaitis, Alec, primary, Julius, Austin, primary, Igarashi, Amy S, primary, Kariseb, MacCalvin, primary, Kohn, Saul A, primary, Kolopanis, Matthew, primary, Lekalake, Telalo, primary, Loots, Anita, primary, MacMahon, David, primary, Malan, Lourence, primary, Malgas, Cresshim, primary, Maree, Matthys, primary, Martinot, Zachary E, primary, Mathison, Nathan, primary, Matsetela, Eunice, primary, Mesinger, Andrei, primary, Neben, Abraham R, primary, Nikolic, Bojan, primary, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D, primary, Patra, Nipanjana, primary, Pieterse, Samantha, primary, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, primary, Ringuette, Jon, primary, Robnett, James, primary, Rosie, Kathryn, primary, Sell, Raddwine, primary, Smith, Craig, primary, Syce, Angelo, primary, Tegmark, Max, primary, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, primary, Williams, Peter K G, primary, and Zheng, Haoxuan, primary
Published: 2020
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81. correlation calibration of PAPER-64 data.

Author: Gogo, Tamirat G, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Sievers, Jonathan L, Parsons, Aaron R, Pober, Jonathan C, Jacobs, Daniel C, Cheng, Carina, Kolopanis, Matthew, Liu, Adrian, Kohn, Saul A, Aguirre, James E, Ali, Zaki S, Bernardi, Gianni, Bradley, Richard F, DeBoer, David R, Dexter, Matthew R, Dillon, Joshua S, Klima, Pat, and MacMahon, David H E
Subjects: REDUNDANCY in engineering, POWER spectra, CALIBRATION, MAGNITUDE (Mathematics)
Abstract: Observation of redshifted 21-cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is challenging due to contamination from the bright foreground sources that exceed the signal by several orders of magnitude. Removal of this very high foreground relies on accurate calibration to keep the intrinsic property of the foreground with frequency. Commonly employed calibration techniques for these experiments are the sky model-based and the redundant baseline-based calibration approaches, which can suffer from sky-modelling error and array redundancy imperfection respectively. In this work, we introduce the hybrid correlation calibration (CorrCal) scheme, which aims to bridge the gap between redundant and sky-based calibration by relaxing redundancy of the array and including sky information into the calibration formalisms. We apply the CorrCal to the data of Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER) experiment, which was pre-calibrated using redundant baseline calibration. We show about |$6\%$| suppression at the bin right on the horizon limit of the foreground wedge-like structure, relative to the pre-calibrated power spectra. This small improvement of the foreground power spectra around the wedge limit could be suggestive of reduced spectral structure in the data after CorrCal calibration, which lays the foundation for future improvement of the calibration algorithm and implementation method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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82. A Simplified, Lossless Reanalysis of PAPER-64

Author: Kolopanis, Matthew, primary, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matthew R., additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Kerrigan, Joshua, additional, Klima, Pat, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Moore, David F., additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Walbrugh, William P., additional, and Walker, Andre, additional
Published: 2019
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83. Optimizing sparse RFI prediction using deep learning

Author: Kerrigan, Joshua, primary, Plante, Paul La, primary, Kohn, Saul, primary, Pober, Jonathan C, primary, Aguirre, James, primary, Abdurashidova, Zara, primary, Alexander, Paul, primary, Ali, Zaki S, primary, Balfour, Yanga, primary, Beardsley, Adam P, primary, Bernardi, Gianni, primary, Bowman, Judd D, primary, Bradley, Richard F, primary, Burba, Jacob, primary, Carilli, Chris L, primary, Cheng, Carina, primary, DeBoer, David R, primary, Dexter, Matt, primary, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, primary, Dillon, Joshua S, primary, Estrada, Julia, primary, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, primary, Fagnoni, Nicolas, primary, Fritz, Randall, primary, Furlanetto, Steve R, primary, Glendenning, Brian, primary, Greig, Bradley, primary, Grobbelaar, Jasper, primary, Gorthi, Deepthi, primary, Halday, Ziyaad, primary, Hazelton, Bryna J, primary, Hickish, Jack, primary, Jacobs, Daniel C, primary, Julius, Austin, primary, Kern, Nicholas S, primary, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, primary, Kolopanis, Matthew, primary, Lanman, Adam, primary, Lekalake, Telalo, primary, Liu, Adrian, primary, MacMahon, David, primary, Malan, Lourence, primary, Malgas, Cresshim, primary, Maree, Matthys, primary, Martinot, Zachary E, primary, Matsetela, Eunice, primary, Mesinger, Andrei, primary, Molewa, Mathakane, primary, Morales, Miguel F, primary, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, primary, Neben, Abraham R, primary, Parsons, Aaron R, primary, Patra, Nipanjana, primary, Pieterse, Samantha, primary, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, primary, Ringuette, Jon, primary, Robnett, James, primary, Rosie, Kathryn, primary, Sims, Peter, primary, Smith, Craig, primary, Syce, Angelo, primary, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, primary, Williams, Peter K G, primary, and Zheng, Haoxuan, primary
Published: 2019
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84. Understanding the HERA Phase I receiver system with simulations and its impact on the detectability of the EoR delay power spectrum.

Author: Fagnoni, Nicolas, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, DeBoer, David R, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E, Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P, Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S, Bowman, Judd D, Bradley, Richard F, Bull, Phil, Burba, Jacob, Carilli, Chris L, Cheng, Carina, Dexter, Matt, Dillon, Joshua S, and Ewall-Wice, Aaron
Subjects: POWER spectra, RADIO telescopes, SIMULATION methods & models, ANTENNA arrays, SIGNAL detection, ELECTROMAGNETIC waves
Abstract: The detection of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) delay power spectrum using a 'foreground avoidance method' highly depends on the instrument chromaticity. The systematic effects induced by the radio telescope spread the foreground signal in the delay domain, which contaminates the EoR window theoretically observable. Applied to the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA), this paper combines detailed electromagnetic and electrical simulations in order to model the chromatic effects of the instrument, and quantify its frequency and time responses. In particular, the effects of the analogue receiver, transmission cables, and mutual coupling are included. These simulations are able to accurately predict the intensity of the reflections occurring in the 150-m cable which links the antenna to the backend. They also show that electromagnetic waves can propagate from one dish to another one through large sections of the array due to mutual coupling. The simulated system time response is attenuated by a factor 104 after a characteristic delay which depends on the size of the array and on the antenna position. Ultimately, the system response is attenuated by a factor 105 after 1400 ns because of the reflections in the cable, which corresponds to characterizable k ∥-modes above 0.7 |$h\,\,\rm {Mpc}^{-1}$| at 150 MHz. Thus, this new study shows that the detection of the EoR signal with HERA Phase I will be more challenging than expected. On the other hand, it improves our understanding of the telescope, which is essential to mitigate the instrument chromaticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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85. Characterizing Signal Loss in the 21 cm Reionization Power Spectrum: A Revised Study of PAPER-64

Author: Cheng, Carina, primary, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matthew R., additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Klima, Pat, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Moore, David F., additional, Nunhokee, Chuneeta D., additional, Walbrugh, William P., additional, and Walker, Andre, additional
Published: 2018
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86. Improved 21 cm Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Measurements with a Hybrid Foreground Subtraction and Avoidance Technique

Author: Kerrigan, Joshua R., primary, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Beardsley, Adam P., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Barry, Nichole, additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Kolopanis, Matthew, additional, Lanman, Adam, additional, Li, Wenyang, additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, and Sullivan, Ian, additional
Published: 2018
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87. The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish. II. Characterization of spectral structure with electromagnetic simulations and its science implications

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Ewall-Wice, Aaron Michael, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Neben, Abraham Richard, Tegmark, Max Erik, Bradley, Richard, Deboer, David, Parsons, Aaron, Aguirre, James, Ali, Zaki S., Bowman, Judd, Cheng, Carina, Patra, Nipanjana, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Venter, Mariet, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dillon, Joshua S., Dickenson, Roger, Doolittle, Phillip, Egan, Dennis, Hedrick, Mike, Klima, Patricia, Kohn, Saul, Schaffner, Patrick, Shelton, John, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Taylor, H. A., Taylor, Rusty, Wirt, Butch, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Ewall-Wice, Aaron Michael, Hewitt, Jacqueline N, Neben, Abraham Richard, Tegmark, Max Erik, Bradley, Richard, Deboer, David, Parsons, Aaron, Aguirre, James, Ali, Zaki S., Bowman, Judd, Cheng, Carina, Patra, Nipanjana, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Venter, Mariet, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dillon, Joshua S., Dickenson, Roger, Doolittle, Phillip, Egan, Dennis, Hedrick, Mike, Klima, Patricia, Kohn, Saul, Schaffner, Patrick, Shelton, John, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, Taylor, H. A., Taylor, Rusty, and Wirt, Butch
Abstract: We use time-domain electromagnetic simulations to determine the spectral characteristics of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Arrays (HERA) antenna. These simulations are part of a multi-faceted campaign to determine the effectiveness of the dish's design for obtaining a detection of redshifted 21 cm emission from the epoch of reionization. Our simulations show the existence of reflections between HERA's suspended feed and its parabolic dish reflector that fall below −40 dB at 150 ns and, for reasonable impedance matches, have a negligible impact on HERA's ability to constrain EoR parameters. It follows that despite the reflections they introduce, dishes are effective for increasing the sensitivity of EoR experiments at a relatively low cost. We find that electromagnetic resonances in the HERA feed's cylindrical skirt, which is intended to reduce cross coupling and beam ellipticity, introduces significant power at large delays (−40 dB at 200 ns), which can lead to some loss of measurable Fourier modes and a modest reduction in sensitivity. Even in the presence of this structure, we find that the spectral response of the antenna is sufficiently smooth for delay filtering to contain foreground emission at line-of-sight wave numbers below k ∥ ≲ 0.2 h Mpc⁻¹, in the region where the current PAPER experiment operates. Incorporating these results into a Fisher Matrix analysis, we find that the spectral structure observed in our simulations has only a small effect on the tight constraints HERA can achieve on parameters associated with the astrophysics of reionization., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-1440343), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (AST-1410484), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CAREER award 1352519), National Science Foundation (U.S.) (1122374)
Published: 2017

88. THE HYDROGEN EPOCH OF REIONIZATION ARRAY DISH. II. CHARACTERIZATION OF SPECTRAL STRUCTURE WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC SIMULATIONS AND ITS SCIENCE IMPLICATIONS

Author: Ewall-Wice, Aaron, primary, Bradley, Richard, additional, Deboer, David, additional, Hewitt, Jacqueline, additional, Parsons, Aaron, additional, Aguirre, James, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Bowman, Judd, additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Neben, Abraham R., additional, Patra, Nipanjana, additional, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, additional, Venter, Mariet, additional, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, additional, Dillon, Joshua S., additional, Dickenson, Roger, additional, Doolittle, Phillip, additional, Egan, Dennis, additional, Hedrick, Mike, additional, Klima, Patricia, additional, Kohn, Saul, additional, Schaffner, Patrick, additional, Shelton, John, additional, Saliwanchik, Benjamin, additional, Taylor, H. A., additional, Taylor, Rusty, additional, Tegmark, Max, additional, and Wirt, Butch, additional
Published: 2016
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89. OPTIMIZED BEAM SCULPTING WITH GENERALIZED FRINGE-RATE FILTERS

Author: Parsons, Aaron R., primary, Liu, Adrian, additional, Ali, Zaki S., additional, and Cheng, Carina, additional
Published: 2016
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90. PAPER-64 CONSTRAINTS ON REIONIZATION. II. THE TEMPERATURE OF THE z = 8.4 INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Zheng, Haoxuan, Pober, Jonathan C., Ali, Zaki S., Parsons, Aaron R., McQuinn, Matthew, Aguirre, James E., Bernardi, Gianni, Bradley, Richard F., Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matthew R., Furlanetto, Steven R., Grobbelaar, Jasper, Horrell, Jasper, Jacobs, Daniel C., Klima, Patricia J., Kohn, Saul A., Liu, Adrian Chi-Yan, MacMahon, David H. E., Maree, Matthys, Mesinger, Andrei, Moore, David F., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Stefan, Irina I., Walbrugh, William P., Walker, Andre, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Zheng, Haoxuan, Pober, Jonathan C., Ali, Zaki S., Parsons, Aaron R., McQuinn, Matthew, Aguirre, James E., Bernardi, Gianni, Bradley, Richard F., Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Dexter, Matthew R., Furlanetto, Steven R., Grobbelaar, Jasper, Horrell, Jasper, Jacobs, Daniel C., Klima, Patricia J., Kohn, Saul A., Liu, Adrian Chi-Yan, MacMahon, David H. E., Maree, Matthys, Mesinger, Andrei, Moore, David F., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Stefan, Irina I., Walbrugh, William P., and Walker, Andre
Abstract: We present constraints on both the kinetic temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z = 8.4, and on models for heating the IGM at high-redshift with X-ray emission from the first collapsed objects. These constraints are derived using a semi-analytic method to explore the new measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum from the Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER), which were presented in a companion paper, Ali et al. Twenty-one cm power spectra with amplitudes of hundreds of mK[superscript 2] can be generically produced if the kinetic temperature of the IGM is significantly below the temperature of the cosmic microwave background (CMB); as such, the new results from PAPER place lower limits on the IGM temperature at z = 8.4. Allowing for the unknown ionization state of the IGM, our measurements find the IGM temperature to be above ≈5 K for neutral fractions between 10% and 85%, above ≈7 K for neutral fractions between 15% and 80%, or above ≈10 K for neutral fractions between 30% and 70%. We also calculate the heating of the IGM that would be provided by the observed high redshift galaxy population, and find that for most models, these galaxies are sufficient to bring the IGM temperature above our lower limits. However, there are significant ranges of parameter space that could produce a signal ruled out by the PAPER measurements; models with a steep drop-off in the star formation rate density at high redshifts or with relatively low values for the X-ray to star formation rate efficiency of high redshift galaxies are generally disfavored. The PAPER measurements are consistent with (but do not constrain) a hydrogen spin temperature above the CMB temperature, a situation which we find to be generally predicted if galaxies fainter than the current detection limits of optical/NIR surveys are included in calculations of X-ray heating.
Published: 2015

91. PAPER-64 CONSTRAINTS ON REIONIZATION. II. THE TEMPERATURE OF THEz= 8.4 INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM

Author: Pober, Jonathan C., primary, Ali, Zaki S., additional, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, McQuinn, Matthew, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matthew R., additional, Furlanetto, Steven R., additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Horrell, Jasper, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Klima, Patricia J., additional, Kohn, Saul A., additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Mesinger, Andrei, additional, Moore, David F., additional, Razavi-Ghods, Nima, additional, Stefan, Irina I., additional, Walbrugh, William P., additional, Walker, Andre, additional, and Zheng, Haoxuan, additional
Published: 2015
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92. PAPER-64 CONSTRAINTS ON REIONIZATION: THE 21 cm POWER SPECTRUM ATz= 8.4

Author: Ali, Zaki S., primary, Parsons, Aaron R., additional, Zheng, Haoxuan, additional, Pober, Jonathan C., additional, Liu, Adrian, additional, Aguirre, James E., additional, Bradley, Richard F., additional, Bernardi, Gianni, additional, Carilli, Chris L., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, DeBoer, David R., additional, Dexter, Matthew R., additional, Grobbelaar, Jasper, additional, Horrell, Jasper, additional, Jacobs, Daniel C., additional, Klima, Pat, additional, MacMahon, David H. E., additional, Maree, Matthys, additional, Moore, David F., additional, Razavi, Nima, additional, Stefan, Irina I., additional, Walbrugh, William P., additional, and Walker, Andre, additional
Published: 2015
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93. Modeling anisoplanatism in the Keck II laser guide star AO system

Author: Fitzgerald, Michael P., primary, Witzel, Gunther, additional, Britton, Matthew C., additional, Ghez, Andrea M., additional, Meyer, Leo, additional, Sitarski, Breann N., additional, Cheng, Carina, additional, Becklin, Eric E., additional, Campbell, Randall D., additional, Do, Tuan, additional, Lu, Jessica R., additional, Matthews, Keith, additional, Morris, Mark R., additional, Neyman, Christopher R., additional, Tyler, Glenn A., additional, Wizinowich, Peter L., additional, and Yelda, Sylvana, additional
Published: 2012
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94. Automated Detection of Antenna Malfunctions in Large‐NInterferometers: A Case Study With the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Storer, Dara, Dillon, Joshua S., Jacobs, Daniel C., Morales, Miguel F., Hazelton, Bryna J., Ewall‐Wice, Aaron, Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, DeBoer, David R., Lera Acedo, Eloy, Dexter, Matt, Dynes, Scott, Ely, John, Fagnoni, Nicolas, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale‐Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Huang, Tian, Josaitis, Alec, Julius, Austin, Kariseb, MacCalvin, Kern, Nicholas S., Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, Andrei, Molewa, Mathakane, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nunhokee, Chuneeta Devi, Parsons, Aaron R., Pascua, Robert, Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi‐Ghods, Nima, Riley, Daniel, Robnett, James, Rosie, Kathryn, Santos, Mario G., Sims, Peter, Singh, Saurabh, Smith, Craig, Tan, Jianrong, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Abstract: We present a framework for identifying and flagging malfunctioning antennas in large radio interferometers. We outline two distinct categories of metrics designed to detect outliers along known failure modes of large arrays: cross‐correlation metrics, based on all antenna pairs, and auto‐correlation metrics, based solely on individual antennas. We define and motivate the statistical framework for all metrics used, and present tailored visualizations that aid us in clearly identifying new and existing systematics. We implement these techniques using data from 105 antennas in the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) as a case study. Finally, we provide a detailed algorithm for implementing these metrics as flagging tools on real data sets. Monitoring the performance of a many‐element system is essential to acquiring science‐quality data and requires an automated approachWe define metrics based on cross‐correlations that assess the health of the whole array and its component subsystems in an automated wayWe outline metrics based on autocorrelations that identify systematics and provide a generalizable approach to automated antenna flagging Monitoring the performance of a many‐element system is essential to acquiring science‐quality data and requires an automated approach We define metrics based on cross‐correlations that assess the health of the whole array and its component subsystems in an automated way We outline metrics based on autocorrelations that identify systematics and provide a generalizable approach to automated antenna flagging
Published: 2022
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95. Direct Optimal Mapping for 21cm Cosmology: A Demonstration with the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Xu, Z, Hewitt, JN, Chen, KF, Kim, H, Dillon, JS, Kern, NS, Morales, MF, Hazelton, BJ, Byrne, R, Fagnoni, N, Acedo, EDL, Abdurashidova, Z, Adams, T, Aguirre, JE, Alexander, P, Ali, ZS, Baartman, R, Balfour, Y, Beardsley, AP, Bernardi, G, Billings, TS, Bowman, JD, Bradley, RF, Bull, P, Burba, J, Carey, S, Carilli, CL, Cheng, C, DeBoer, DR, Dexter, M, Eksteen, N, Ely, J, Ewall-Wice, A, Fritz, R, Furlanetto, Gale-Sides, K, Glendenning, B, Gorthi, D, Greig, B, Grobbelaar, J, Halday, Z, Hickish, J, Jacobs, DC, Julius, A, Kariseb, M, Kerrigan, J, Kittiwisit, P, Kohn, SA, Kolopanis, M, Lanman, A, Plante, PL, Liu, A, Loots, A, Ma, YZ, Edward MacMahon, DH, Malan, L, Malgas, C, Malgas, K, Marero, B, Martinot, ZE, Mesinger, A, Molewa, M, Mosiane, T, Murray, SG, Neben, AR, Nikolic, B, Nuwegeld, H, Parsons, AR, Patra, N, Pieterse, S, Pober, JC, Razavi-Ghods, N, Robnett, J, Rosie, K, Sims, P, Smith, C, Swarts, H, Thyagarajan, N, Wyngaarden, PVV, Williams, PKG, Zheng, H, Xu, Z [0000-0001-5112-2567], Hewitt, JN [0000-0002-4117-570X], Chen, KF [0000-0002-3839-0230], Dillon, JS [0000-0003-3336-9958], Kern, NS [0000-0002-8211-1892], Morales, MF [0000-0001-7694-4030], Hazelton, BJ [0000-0001-7532-645X], Byrne, R [0000-0003-4980-2736], Aguirre, JE [0000-0002-4810-666X], Beardsley, AP [0000-0001-9428-8233], Bernardi, G [0000-0002-0916-7443], Bowman, JD [0000-0002-8475-2036], Bradley, RF [0000-0003-1172-8331], Bull, P [0000-0001-5668-3101], Carilli, CL [0000-0001-6647-3861], DeBoer, DR [0000-0003-3197-2294], Ewall-Wice, A [0000-0002-0086-7363], Furlanetto, SR [0000-0002-0658-1243], Gorthi, D [0000-0002-0829-167X], Greig, B [0000-0002-4085-2094], Jacobs, DC [0000-0002-0917-2269], Kerrigan, J [0000-0002-1876-272X], Kittiwisit, P [0000-0003-0953-313X], Kohn, SA [0000-0001-6744-5328], Kolopanis, M [0000-0002-2950-2974], Lanman, A [0000-0003-2116-3573], Plante, PL [0000-0002-4693-0102], Liu, A [0000-0001-6876-0928], Ma, YZ [0000-0001-8108-0986], Mesinger, A [0000-0003-3374-1772], Murray, SG [0000-0003-3059-3823], Neben, AR [0000-0001-7776-7240], Parsons, AR [0000-0002-5400-8097], Patra, N [0000-0002-9457-1941], Pober, JC [0000-0002-3492-0433], Sims, P [0000-0002-2871-0413], Thyagarajan, N [0000-0003-1602-7868], Williams, PKG [0000-0003-3734-3587], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Xu, Zhilei, Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Chen, Kai-Feng, Kim, Honggeun, Dillon, Joshua S., Kern, Nicholas S., Morales, Miguel F., Hazelton, Bryna J., Byrne, Ruby, Fagnoni, Nicola, de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Abdurashidova, Zara, Adams, Tyrone, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Baartman, Rushelle, Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Philip, Burba, Jacob, Carey, Steven, Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, Deboer, David R., Dexter, Matt, Eksteen, Nico, Ely, John, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steven R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, Maccalvin, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, La Plante, Paul, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Ma, Yin-Zhe, Harold Edward MacMahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Malgas, Keith, Marero, Bradley, Martinot, Zachary E., Mesinger, ANDREI ALBERT, Molewa, Mathakane, Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Murray, Steven G., Neben, Abraham R., Nikolic, Bojan, Nuwegeld, Han, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Robnett, Jame, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Smith, Craig, Swarts, Hilton, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Van Van Wyngaarden, Pieter, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), model, maps, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic radio-emission, 5109 Space Sciences, power spectrum, calibration, 10 mhz, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 5101 Astronomical Sciences, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), upper limit, 51 Physical Sciences, 5107 Particle and High Energy Physics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: Motivated by the desire for wide-field images with well-defined statistical properties for 21cm cosmology, we implement an optimal mapping pipeline that computes a maximum likelihood estimator for the sky using the interferometric measurement equation. We demonstrate this direct optimal mapping with data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization (HERA) Phase I observations. After validating the pipeline with simulated data, we develop a maximum likelihood figure-of-merit for comparing four sky models at 166MHz with a bandwidth of 100kHz. The HERA data agree with the GLEAM catalogs to, 16 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published on ApJ
Published: 2022

96. Imaging and Modeling Data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array

Author: Juan Mena Parra, Piyanat Kittiwisit, Kingsley Gale-Sides, Joshua Kerrigan, Honggeun Kim, Adrian Liu, Phil Bull, Nipanjana Patra, Ziyaad Halday, Matthys Maree, James E. Aguirre, Bryna J. Hazelton, Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Zara Abdurashidova, Saul A. Kohn, Judd D. Bowman, Matt Dexter, K. Gale-Sides, Samantha Pieterse, Paul La Plante, Mathakane Molewa, James Kent, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan, Eunice Matsetela, Nicolas Fagnoni, Adam P. Beardsley, Alec Josaitis, Kathryn Rosie, David MacMahon, Jonathan C. Pober, Andrei Mesinger, Jasper Grobbelaar, Tashalee S. Billings, Zachary E. Martinot, Tshegofalang Mosiane, Abraham R. Neben, Austin Julius, Randall Fritz, Siyanda Matika, Brian Glendenning, Carina Cheng, Peter Sims, Paul Alexander, Daniel C. Jacobs, Steve R. Furlanetto, Gianni Bernardi, Bradley Greig, Lourence Malan, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Cresshim Malgas, Yanga Balfour, Nicholas S. Kern, Telalo Lekalake, David DeBoer, Aaron R. Parsons, Richard F. Bradley, Matthew Kolopanis, Deepthi Gorthi, Peter K. G. Williams, James Robnett, Joshua S. Dillon, Chris Carilli, Eloy de Lera Acedo, Miguel F. Morales, Zaki S. Ali, Bojan Nikolic, Aaron Ewall-Wice, Jack Hickish, Jacob Burba, Angelo Syce, Haoxuan Zheng, Adam Lanman, ITA, USA, ZAF, Carilli, C. L., Thyagarajan, N., Kent, J., Nikolic, B., Gale-Sides, K., Kern, N. S., Bernardi, G., Mesinger, A., Matika, S., Abdurashidova, Zara, Aguirre, James E., Paul, Alexander Christian, Ali, Zaki S., Balfour, Yanga, Beardsley, Adam P., Billings, Tashalee S., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Bull, Phil, Burba, Jacob, Cheng, Carina, Deboer, David R., Dexter, Matt, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dillon, Joshua S., Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fagnoni, Nicola, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Gale-Sides, Kingsley, Glendenning, Brian, Gorthi, Deepthi, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Halday, Ziyaad, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Josaitis, Alec, Julius, Austin, Kerrigan, Joshua, Kim, Honggeun, Kittiwisit, Piyanat, Kohn, Saul A., Kolopanis, Matthew, Lanman, Adam, Plante, Paul La, Lekalake, Telalo, Liu, Adrian, Macmahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthy, Martinot, Zachary E., Matsetela, Eunice, Molewa, Mathakane, Morales, Miguel F., Mosiane, Tshegofalang, Neben, Abraham R., Parra, Juan Mena, Parsons, Aaron R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Robnett, Jame, Rosie, Kathryn, Sims, Peter, Syce, Angelo, Williams, Peter K. G., Zheng, Haoxuan, Carilli, CL [0000-0001-6647-3861], Thyagarajan, N [0000-0003-1602-7868], Kern, NS [0000-0002-8211-1892], Bernardi, G [0000-0002-0916-7443], Aguirre, JE [0000-0002-4810-666X], Beardsley, AP [0000-0001-9428-8233], Bowman, JD [0000-0002-8475-2036], Bull, P [0000-0001-5668-3101], Dillon, JS [0000-0003-3336-9958], Ewall-Wice, A [0000-0002-0086-7363], Furlanetto, SR [0000-0002-0658-1243], Hazelton, BJ [0000-0001-7532-645X], Jacobs, DC [0000-0002-0917-2269], Kerrigan, J [0000-0002-1876-272X], Kittiwisit, P [0000-0003-0953-313X], Kohn, SA [0000-0001-6744-5328], Kolopanis, M [0000-0002-2950-2974], Liu, A [0000-0001-6876-0928], Morales, MF [0000-0001-7694-4030], Neben, AR [0000-0001-7776-7240], Patra, N [0000-0002-9457-1941], Pober, JC [0000-0002-3492-0433], Williams, PKG [0000-0003-3734-3587], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Physics, Cosmological evolution, Hydrogen, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, Data modeling, chemistry, Reionization, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, Radio interferometry, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract: We analyze data from the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array. This is the third in a series of papers on the closure phase delay-spectrum technique designed to detect the HI 21cm emission from cosmic reionization. We present the details of the data and models employed in the power spectral analysis, and discuss limitations to the process. We compare images and visibility spectra made with HERA data, to parallel quantities generated from sky models based on the GLEAM survey, incorporating the HERA telescope model. We find reasonable agreement between images made from HERA data, with those generated from the models, down to the confusion level. For the visibility spectra, there is broad agreement between model and data across the full band of $\sim 80$MHz. However, models with only GLEAM sources do not reproduce a roughly sinusoidal spectral structure at the tens of percent level seen in the observed visibility spectra on scales $\sim 10$ MHz on 29 m baselines. We find that this structure is likely due to diffuse Galactic emission, predominantly the Galactic plane, filling the far sidelobes of the antenna primary beam. We show that our current knowledge of the frequency dependence of the diffuse sky radio emission, and the primary beam at large zenith angles, is inadequate to provide an accurate reproduction of the diffuse structure in the models. We discuss implications due to this missing structure in the models, including calibration, and in the search for the HI 21cm signal, as well as possible mitigation techniques., Comment: 17 pages, 10 figures, accepted for the ApJ Supplement
Published: 2020

97. The hydrogen epoch of reionization array dish III: measuring chromaticity of prototype element with reflectometry

Author: Aaron R. Parsons, Adam P. Beardsley, Cherie Day, Haoxuan Zheng, Joshua S. Dillon, Gcobisa Fadana, Bradley Greig, Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Craig Smith, Daniel C. Jacobs, Anna Lebedeva, Richard F. Bradley, Cresshim Malgas, Brian Glendenning, Carina Cheng, Peter K. G. Williams, Jonathan C. Pober, Andrei Mesinger, Abraham R. Neben, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Randall Fritz, Nipanjana Patra, Jasper Grobbelaar, Paul Alexander, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan, David DeBoer, Gilbert Hsyu, Steve R. Furlanetto, Kathryn Rosie, Max Tegmark, Nicolas Fagnoni, Lourence Malan, Angelo Syce, Zachary E. Martinot, David MacMahon, Jon Ringuette, Adrian Liu, Saul A. Kohn, James Robnett, Chris Carilli, Eloy de Lera Acedo, Nathan Mathison, Austin Julius, Judd D. Bowman, Samantha Pieterse, Anita Loots, Tsz Kuk Leung, Raddwine Sell, Eunice Matsetela, Miguel F. Morales, Bryna J. Hazelton, Zaki S. Ali, MacCalvin Kariseb, Aaron Ewall-Wice, James E. Aguirre, Matthys Maree, Telalo Lekalake, Patra, Nipanjana, Parsons, Aaron R., Deboer, David R., Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Hsyu, Gilbert, Leung, Tsz Kuk, Day, Cherie K., de Lera Acedo, Eloy, Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Beardsley, Adam P., Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, Dillon, Joshua S., Fadana, Gcobisa, Fagnoni, Nicola, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Glendenning, Brian, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Hazelton, Bryna J., Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, Mac. Calvin., Kohn, Saul A., Lebedeva, Anna, Lekalake, Telalo, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Macmahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthy, Martinot, Zachary, Mathison, Nathan, Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Morales, Miguel F., Neben, Abraham R., Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, Jame, Rosie, Kathryn, Sell, Raddwine, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Tegmark, Max, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Subjects: Frequency response, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astronomical instrumentation, Methods and techniques-wideband radio interferometry, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, cm cosmology, 010306 general physics, Reflectometry, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, Physics, Delay spectrum technique-EoR power spectrum, business.industry, Attenuation, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Delay spectrum technique–EoR power spectrum, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, HERA, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Methods and technique, Redshift, wideband radio interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, 21 cm cosmology, Antenna (radio), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: The experimental efforts to detect the redshifted 21 cm signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) are limited predominantly by the chromatic instrumental systematic effect. The delay spectrum methodology for 21 cm power spectrum measurements brought new attention to the critical impact of an antenna's chromaticity on the viability of making this measurement. This methodology established a straightforward relationship between time-domain response of an instrument and the power spectrum modes accessible to a 21 cm EoR experiment. We examine the performance of a prototype of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) array element that is currently observing in Karoo desert, South Africa. We present a mathematical framework to derive the beam integrated frequency response of a HERA prototype element in reception from the return loss measurements between 100-200 MHz and determined the extent of additional foreground contamination in the delay space. The measurement reveals excess spectral structures in comparison to the simulation studies of the HERA element. Combined with the HERA data analysis pipeline that incorporates inverse covariance weighting in optimal quadratic estimation of power spectrum, we find that in spite of its departure from the simulated response, HERA prototype element satisfies the necessary criteria posed by the foreground attenuation limits and potentially can measure the power spectrum at spatial modes as low as $k_{\parallel} > 0.1h$~Mpc$^{-1}$. The work highlights a straightforward method for directly measuring an instrument response and assessing its impact on 21 cm EoR power spectrum measurements for future experiments that will use reflector-type antenna., 13 pages, 10 figures, Submitted to APJ
Published: 2018
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98. Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA)

Author: Paul Alexander, Lourence Malan, David MacMahon, Daniel C. Jacobs, Jon Ringuette, C. H. Smith, Angelo Syce, Cresshim Malgas, Aaron R. Parsons, Nicolas Fagnoni, Joshua S. Dillon, Miguel F. Morales, Nithyanandan Thyagarajan, Richard F. Bradley, Peter Williams, Zaki S. Ali, Telalo Lekalake, Aaron Ewall-Wice, Nipanjana Patra, Eloy de Lera Acedo, Jonathan C. Pober, Nathan Mathison, Andrei Mesinger, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Gianni Bernardi, Bradley Greig, Steve R. Furlanetto, Jasper Grobbelaar, David DeBoer, Adrian Liu, Matthys Maree, Saul A. Kohn, Zachary E. Martinot, Anita Loots, Brian Glendenning, Carina Cheng, Judd D. Bowman, Raddwine Sell, Kathryn Rosie, Samantha Pieterse, Adam P. Beardsley, Gcobisa Fadana, Bryna J. Hazelton, Jacqueline N. Hewitt, Haoxuan Zheng, James E. Aguirre, James Robnett, Abraham R. Neben, Randall Fritz, Austin Julius, Chris L. Carilli, Jack Hickish, Eunice Matsetela, MacCalvin Kariseb, Max Tegmark, ITA, USA, Deboer, David R., Parsons, Aaron R., Aguirre, James E., Alexander, Paul, Ali, Zaki S., Beardsley, Adam P., Bernardi, Gianni, Bowman, Judd D., Bradley, Richard F., Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, Acedo, Eloy de Lera, Dillon, Joshua S., Ewall-Wice, Aaron, Fadana, Gcobisa, Fagnoni, Nicola, Fritz, Randall, Furlanetto, Steve R., Glendenning, Brian, Greig, Bradley, Grobbelaar, Jasper, Hazelton, Bryna J., Hewitt, Jacqueline N., Hickish, Jack, Jacobs, Daniel C., Julius, Austin, Kariseb, Maccalvin, Kohn, Saul A., Lekalake, Telalo, Liu, Adrian, Loots, Anita, Macmahon, David, Malan, Lourence, Malgas, Cresshim, Maree, Matthy, Martinot, Zachary, Mathison, Nathan, Matsetela, Eunice, Mesinger, Andrei, Morales, Miguel F., Neben, Abraham R., Patra, Nipanjana, Pieterse, Samantha, Pober, Jonathan C., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Ringuette, Jon, Robnett, Jame, Rosie, Kathryn, Sell, Raddwine, Smith, Craig, Syce, Angelo, Tegmark, Max, Thyagarajan, Nithyanandan, Williams, Peter K. G., and Zheng, Haoxuan
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Bryna, Dark age, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Reionization, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, First star, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Theology, Telescope, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, biology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Philosophy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, HERA, biology.organism_classification, Space and Planetary Science, Interferometer [Instrumentation], Interferometric [Techniques], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA) is a staged experiment to measure 21 cm emission from the primordial intergalactic medium (IGM) throughout cosmic reionization ($z=6-12$), and to explore earlier epochs of our Cosmic Dawn ($z\sim30$). During these epochs, early stars and black holes heated and ionized the IGM, introducing fluctuations in 21 cm emission. HERA is designed to characterize the evolution of the 21 cm power spectrum to constrain the timing and morphology of reionization, the properties of the first galaxies, the evolution of large-scale structure, and the early sources of heating. The full HERA instrument will be a 350-element interferometer in South Africa consisting of 14-m parabolic dishes observing from 50 to 250 MHz. Currently, 19 dishes have been deployed on site and the next 18 are under construction. HERA has been designated as an SKA Precursor instrument. In this paper, we summarize HERA's scientific context and provide forecasts for its key science results. After reviewing the current state of the art in foreground mitigation, we use the delay-spectrum technique to motivate high-level performance requirements for the HERA instrument. Next, we present the HERA instrument design, along with the subsystem specifications that ensure that HERA meets its performance requirements. Finally, we summarize the schedule and status of the project. We conclude by suggesting that, given the realities of foreground contamination, current-generation 21 cm instruments are approaching their sensitivity limits. HERA is designed to bring both the sensitivity and the precision to deliver its primary science on the basis of proven foreground filtering techniques, while developing new subtraction techniques to unlock new capabilities. The result will be a major step toward realizing the widely recognized scientific potential of 21 cm cosmology., Comment: 26 pages, 24 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2016
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99. PAPER-64 Constraints On Reionization. II. The Temperature of the z =8.4 Intergalactic Medium

Author: Aaron R. Parsons, Gianni Bernardi, Matthew R. Dexter, Jonathan C. Pober, Andrei Mesinger, Jasper Horrell, David F. Moore, David DeBoer, Jasper Grobbelaar, Chris Carilli, Daniel C. Jacobs, David MacMahon, Carina Cheng, Saul A. Kohn, Irina I. Stefan, Nima Razavi-Ghods, Steven R. Furlanetto, James E. Aguirre, Patricia J. Klima, Richard F. Bradley, William P. Walbrugh, Haoxuan Zheng, Adrian Liu, Zaki S. Ali, Matthys Maree, Andre Walker, Matthew McQuinn, ITA, USA, Pober, Jonathan C., Ali, Zaki S., Parsons, Aaron R., Mcquinn, Matthew, Aguirre, James E., Bernardi, Gianni, Bradley, Richard F., Carilli, Chris L., Cheng, Carina, Deboer, David R., Dexter, Matthew R., Furlanetto, Steven R., Grobbelaar, Jasper, Horrell, Jasper, Jacobs, Daniel C., Klima, Patricia J., Kohn, Saul A., Liu, Adrian, Macmahon, David H. E., Maree, Matthy, Mesinger, Andrei, Moore, David F., Razavi-Ghods, Nima, Stefan, Irina I., Walbrugh, William P., Walker, Andre, and Zheng, Haoxuan
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Mean kinetic temperature, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Cosmic microwave background, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Redshift, Galaxy, Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization, Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Reionization, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: We present constraints on both the kinetic temperature of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at z=8.4, and on models for heating the IGM at high-redshift with X-ray emission from the first collapsed objects. These constraints are derived using a semi-analytic method to explore the new measurements of the 21 cm power spectrum from the Donald C. Backer Precision Array for Probing the Epoch of Reionization (PAPER), which were presented in a companion paper, Ali et al. (2015). Twenty-one cm power spectra with amplitudes of hundreds of mK^2 can be generically produced if the kinetic temperature of the IGM is significantly below the temperature of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB); as such, the new results from PAPER place lower limits on the IGM temperature at z=8.4. Allowing for the unknown ionization state of the IGM, our measurements find the IGM temperature to be above ~5 K for neutral fractions between 10% and 85%, above ~7 K for neutral fractions between 15% and 80%, or above ~10 K for neutral fractions between 30% and 70%. We also calculate the heating of the IGM that would be provided by the observed high redshift galaxy population, and find that for most models, these galaxies are sufficient to bring the IGM temperature above our lower limits. However, there are significant ranges of parameter space that could produce a signal ruled out by the PAPER measurements; models with a steep drop-off in the star formation rate density at high redshifts or with relatively low values for the X-ray to star formation rate efficiency of high redshift galaxies are generally disfavored. The PAPER measurements are consistent with (but do not constrain) a hydrogen spin temperature above the CMB temperature, a situation which we find to be generally predicted if galaxies fainter than the current detection limits of optical/NIR surveys are included in calculations of X-ray heating., Comment: companion paper to Ali et al. (2015), ApJ 809, 61; matches version accepted to ApJ; 11 pages, 7 figures
Published: 2015

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