Search

This study sought to discover what aspects of the nature of science (NOS) should be emphasized to nurture great scientists. To this end, educational practices in the Sommerfeld school, regarded as highly successful in scientist education, were analyzed and compared with past and present educational practices. Sommerfeld school’s educational practices include lecture, seminar, colloquium, seminary, and out-of-class education. Common features of the educational practices include (1) open-mindedness based on pleasant relationships, (2) challenging and specific problem-centered learning, (3) intellectual coherence of various topics, and (4) pursuit of shared opinions about problems. Furthermore, explicitly or implicitly, several aspects of NOS—tentativeness, empirical nature, theory-ladenness, creativity, and social dimension—relate to these features. Comparison with other scientist education reveals that the culture of social consensus based on criticism might have contributed significantly to Sommerfeld school’s educational success. Study results imply that science professors should work to improve an understanding of social consensus based on criticism.

Since the publication of Cohesive in English co-authored by Halliday and Hasan in 1976, more linguistics at home and abroad have been analyzing and studying this theory in detail. Thus, cohesion theory has been steadily growing. Existing studies, however, tended to focus on the analysis of cohesive devices in a variety of discourses other than the texts from English textbooks for Chinese high school learners. To address this gap, this study used 5 articles from New Senior English for China Student’s Book 5 and 6 to explore the non-structure cohesive devices. By means of the coding scheme suggested by Halliday and Hasan in 1976, the cohesive patterns in a text were represented. The results showed that coherence in the 5 texts largely depends on lexical cohesion. Then, a further analysis of the five lexical cohesive devices showed that among them, same item having reference that is identical proved to be the most in the texts. The main reasons is perhaps that since the texts are from school textbooks for Chinese teenagers, the student readers almost certainly do not have the ability to make much sense of a fairly complex text whose coherence may largely depends on substitution or ellipsis.

Modern information technologies provide text manipulation processes with high efficiency. First of all, this means storing, editing, and formatting texts and their components. Having achieved significant success in developing tools for content-free computer text processing, researchers faced problems with their content processing. Therefore, further steps in this direction are associated with the creation, among other things, of methods for automated purposeful manipulation of texts, taking into account their content. The analysis of works devoted to the study of the problems of formal presentation of texts and their subsequent use is carried out. Despite a number of successful projects, the challenges of solving the problem of the relationship between the content of the text and its meaning remain relevant. It seems that formalization of a General-purpose text while preserving its semantics is not feasible at this stage. However, there are types of texts that can be formalized while preserving their semantics. One of them is a regulatory text type, which is essentially a verbally expressed algorithm for a sequence of targeted actions. It is distinguished by logic and accuracy (lack of allegories), coherence and integrity, clarity, understandability (due to the lack of emotional coloring and figurative means), accessibility (due to the use of specific terminology). In other words, when developing regulatory texts, they usually try to display the mechanisms of the described actions as clearly as possible. Purpose: development of a method for formalizing a regulatory text while preserving its semantics. Methods: structural linguistics, representation of objects in the form of an ontology, constructive algorithms. The use of this method is demonstrated by describing the solution of a system of algebraic equations. Results: method for constructing a mathematical model of a regulatory text. Practical relevance: the application of the developed method makes it possible to develop software systems for building libraries of individual subject areas, develop tools for evaluating regulatory texts for their certainty, completeness, connectivity and other characteristics, as well as simulators and self-learning tools.

This paper responds to the call for more comparative research across online social media platforms (Graham and Hardaker 2017, 808) and examines discourse across two such platforms, YouTube and Reddit. More specifically, it attempts to investigate whether the affordances of these platforms have an impact on the amount and form of impoliteness employed by their users. Data on a highly contested topic (the July 2018 wildfires in Attica, Greece) is studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. First, small but representative samples are qualitatively analyzed on the basis of the two major impoliteness types: implicational and conventionalized and their subcategories. In addition, swearword keywords extracted by means of corpus analysis tools are analyzed. It is shown that YouTube involves a great deal of (conventionalized) impoliteness (Culpeper 2011a) which could be due to factors such as the total absence of moderation, of post length limit and of detailed personal profiles as well as the presence of videos as stimuli for interaction. Considerably less impoliteness appears on Reddit, whose forum-like nature makes it a place that mostly invites civil interaction. Implicationally impolite (Culpeper 2011a) posts outnumber conventionally impolite ones, perhaps owing to the heavy moderation, the existence of public profiles and the size and coherence of the user community. It is concluded that, due to their characteristics, platforms seem to attract a certain userbase with its own motives and mindset, which in turn shape the impoliteness found within them.

PurposeIn this work, the authors address a gap in the literature on the contribution of dynamic capabilities and internal contingencies to performance in a highly competitive environment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from the Premier Football (soccer) League in Portugal over ten years. This league works as a laboratorial setting and enables the authors to identify the influences of the variables in the study.FindingsThe authors find evidence that human capital is decisive to a team's performance. This study’s findings question the role of the alignment between the different levels of the organization: strategic, tactical and operational.Research limitations/implicationsWith this work, the authors stress the importance (1) of using alternative scenarios in management research and (2) of the way that human and social capitals and managerial cognition and internal contingencies influence the development of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities, especially in highly regulated industries such has sports clubs.Practical implicationsThis work provides evidence on the importance of strategic coherence at different structural levels of the organization. Furthermore, it highlights the need to secure the right resources at the right time.Originality/valueThe authors propose a setting to run the study: a crystal market and an original measure of performance that reflect the relative achievement of market potential.

the article is devoted to the study of the general principles of the influence of law and morality on modern civil society. It is argued that in a crisis of moral regulation of social relations, their legal regulation will lose its effectiveness due to a number of objective and subjective factors. It is concluded that the interaction and coherence between law and traditional morality in society is the key to the effective functioning and development of civil society.

The article highlights the importance of the phonetic level of linguistics to identify the stylistic features of the text, both at the level of sound means of artistic expression, and in the phono-pronouncing prosodic manner. The phonetic aspect of the style of discourse serves as a means of social communication, in connection with which it emphasizes the convergence of all language levels in the organization of stylistic coherence of the text, attention is paid to the importance of preserving the author's phonostyle in the practice of translation. The paper reveals the manifestation of phonostylistics in such a super-segmental stylistic plan as the prosody of the text.

This systematic review synthesizes the empirical literature examining pragmatic language in children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using a taxonomy of pragmatic language, we compared the pragmatic language profiles of children with ADHD to those of typically developing (TD) children and children with autism. Three databases were searched up to October 2019: PsychInfo; PubMed; and CSA Linguistics and Language Behavior Abstracts. We included 34 studies reporting on 2,845 children (ADHD = 1,407; TD = 1,058; autism = 380). Quality and risk of bias assessments included sample size and representativeness; measure reliability and validity; and missing data management. Children with ADHD were found to have higher rates of pragmatic difficulties than their TD peers. Specific difficulties were identified with inappropriate initiation, presupposition, social discourse, and narrative coherence. Children with ADHD appear to differ from those with autism in the degree of their pragmatic language impairments. General language skills contribute to, but do not explain, pragmatic difficulties in samples of children with ADHD. Though the extant evidence is limited, a preliminary profile of the pragmatic language impairments in children with ADHD is indicated. This supports a call for evidence-based interventions that include pragmatic language skills training.

The desire by students and researchers to engage in interdisciplinary research has forced many of them to adopt mixed method research. A combination of both quantitative and qualitative approaches/paradigms enables the researcher to tap into the strengths of each as well as minimizing the weaknesses of both in a single study. A paradigm dictates the opinions, assumptions and beliefs a researcher holds about the world around them and their view of what constitutes knowledge and truth. Opposing views about the nature of knowledge (epistemology), the role of values (axiology) and the nature of reality (ontology) caused emergence of the paradigms. The types of assumptions and practices held by individual researchers often leads a researcher taking on a qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods approach in their research study. The School of Continuing and Distance Education formerly School of Open and Distance Learning offers a Masters Degree and PhD in Project Planning and Management. Due to the multi-faceted issues investigated by the graduate students, majority of them opt to adopt mixed method approaches in their research work. However, a review of some of the graduate proposals has shown a lack of understanding among the students on the coherence between mixed method paradigm and the designs emanating from this paradigm. The purpose of this paper is to review mixed method research and mixed method approaches in a simple and systematic manner. The paper will identify different types of mixed method designs based on weighting and timing. Finally, the paper will end by recommending pertinent questions that a researcher needs to ask themselves before embarking on a mixed method study.

Humberto Maturana's biology of cognition and the studies of neuroscientist Antonio Damasio have proposed theories that indicate the role of emotion in cognitive processes. Emotion lies at the basis of any behavior. An emotional transition defines a transition from one domain of actions to the other, while emotions shared in human interaction define collective domains of action and thus also social identity. In this case, they may give rise to operational coherences within the same domain of action which is recognized as "rationality". The transition from one operational coherence to another within the same rationality does not therefore entail an emotional transition. This article uses this theoretical framework to propose an interpretation of the phenomenon of social identity and distinguishes social identities based only on emotions from those related to operational coherence. We call the former type of social identity "ontological", while the latter is referred to as "formal". To empirically prove the theoretical proposal of the article, the concept of metacontrast found in social self-categorization theory and its quantification elaborated by Alberto Voci are used. According to the social self-categorization theory, the greater the distance between two groups' visions of the world, the greater the metacontrast between them. Using our model, metacontrast must thus be greater for ontological social identity and less for formal social identity. Our hypothesis was confirmed by the data. This outcome allows huge applications of the methodology proposed, as exemplified in the final considerations.

In this paper, I attempt a bridge between linguistics, in particular text pragmatics, and school reading of literary texts. I propose a linguistic model of these peculiarities of the reading of literary texts, especially poetry, that have been called ‘aesthetic reading’, arguing that a linguistically founded basis is what is lacking for school engagement with (not only literary) texts. In the last years there has been extensive research on the linguistics-literature interface; however, what is surprisingly still missing, is a consistent linguistic model of literary reading. In this paper, I propose such a model and show that ‘aesthetic reading’ involves a distinct reading strategy that can be captured in terms of text-world-models and the differentiation between coherence and text sense displaying. Consciously reading poetry amounts, linguistically seen, to a close reading (i) especially focusing marked expressions, i.e., deviations from phonological, morphological, syntactic, semantic and textpragmatic routines, (ii) maintaining of unsolved ambiguities and thus (iii) generating an array of ‘authorized inferences’ that can be productively used for a principled plurality of interpretations. I specify this proposal and illustrate it with two cases of marked pronominal reference, arguing that my proposal has some important implications that make it particularly suitable for school context.

Humans make sense of the world through narratives. Therefore, adversaries often use conflict-sustaining narratives to maintain dominance and delegitimize the actions of the rivals. To better understand narratives’ role and influence in such intractable conflicts, a computational framework and methodology are introduced. The computational cognitive model and its underlying inference mechanism allow analysts to simulate and analyze narratives in relation to opposing narratives. The ability to simulate the interaction of adversarial stories with a set of micronarratives shared by members of a group opens new avenues to counter conflict-sustaining narratives. The methodology and its application to a concrete conflict scenario demonstrate how to conduct simulation-driven exploratory analysis over a complex adaptive narrative space to discern how narratives are matched to unfolding events and how they can be used to facilitate favorable change.

While the creation and still outstanding implementation of the Unified Patent Jurisdiction system continue to cause contentious debates among academics and practitioners, the system introduced in the early 1990s for adjudication of conflicts concerning unitary trade marks (and, later on, unitary design rights) had the charm of simplicity. Building on the national court systems instead of providing for a genuine EU judiciary, the scheme could easily be fitted into existing structures. On the other hand, the imperfect, limping character of the system creates issues inter alia concerning international jurisdiction and applicable law. Furthermore, attributing jurisdiction in infringement litigation to separate national court hierarchies may jeopardize the coherence of the system. While the prospects for reform may be dim insofar as the system in its entirety is concerned, the detrimental effects of fragmentation could be overcome at least to some extent by creating a unitary catalogue of sanctions.

The article examines the essence of network-centrism and network-centric management, as well as the features, capabilities, advantages and disadvantages of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures. The contribution of A. Sebrowski, J. Garstka, D. Alberts and F. Stein to the formation of the concept of network-centric management is considered. The origin of the concept of "network-centrism" and "network-centric management" is studied. The essence of the network-centric approach is investigated and the specifics of its use in the process of managing complex socio-economic systems are determined. It is proposed to improve the management of modern business structures by implementing the principles of network-centric management in their activities. The main levels at which business structures should be managed in accordance with the network-centric approach to management are identified. On the basis of the analysis of traditional principles of network-centrism, it is proposed to introduce into the management of business structures the principles of: formation of a single distributed information infrastructure, unimpeded information exchange; individual information management; interdependence and coherence of the elements of the management system, mandatory validation of information and intellectual integration of the elements of the management system of the business structure. The main advantages and disadvantages of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures are identified. The expediency of implementing the principles of network-centric management in the activities of modern business structures, in order to increase the effectiveness of their activities through effective management of information support based on the construction of an information network that allows interconnection of all elements of the management system using available information is substantiated.

El artículo reporta los hallazgos de una experiencia educativa que consistió en realizar lecturas y tertulias de misceláneos como estrategia didáctica para la comprensión y actualización de conceptos químicos en estudiantes cursantes de las asignaturas de química, ISFODOSU-JVM. En tal sentido, se planteó desarrollar una práctica pedagógica que permitió comparar los posibles avances, y estimar la efectividad de las jornadas de actualización y manejo de términos básicos, en la estructuración de conceptos y desarrollo de competencias investigativas, y la construcción de conocimiento colaborativo, mejoras en la comprensión lectora, entre otras. Se plantearon: fase de diagnóstico, intervención con lecturas y tertulias químicas, y análisis de los resultados; lográndose un notable aumento en la participación espontánea y creativa, con coherencia en análisis, respetando la diversidad de pensamiento científico, incorporación de nuevos términos y mejoras en el lenguaje científico, entre otros factores; lo que evidencia que la experiencia educativa utilizada ayudó al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de química.

On 7 January 2021, Jan Blommaert died aged 59, after a ten-month battle with cancer. He was an extraordinary person and a brilliant academic, and there have been a great many very moving personal accounts of how much Jan meant to the people he interacted with. I knew and worked with him for over twenty-five years, and during his protracted illness, for me and for a lot of others, it was good to be able to tell him directly how much I owed him. But beyond the warm, hospitable, humorous and hugely energising individual we knew, Jan was profoundly committed to—indeed lived—a programme of sociolinguistics that he often traced to the writings of Dell Hymes, the founder ofLanguage in Society. A number of this programme's core elements were spelled out in the introduction to Hymes’ ground-breaking 1969 collection,Reinventing Anthropology, a ‘book… for people for whom “the way things are” is not reason enough for the ways things are, who find fundamental questions pertinent and in need of personal answer’ (1969:7). For my account of the value and vitality that Jan brought to sociolinguistics, I have borrowed from the title of Hymes’ introduction, ‘The use of anthropology: Critical, political, personal’ and, as well as citing some of Jan's own words, I also draw on the reflections of others as evidence of the vigour, clarity, and coherence with which he articulated a practice and purpose for work on language in society.

Story generation, aiming to generate a story that people could understand easily, captures increasing researchers’ attention in recent years. However, a good story usually requires interesting and emotional plots. Previous works only consider a specific or binary emotion like positive or negative. In our work, we propose a Knowledge-Aware Generation framework under Controllable CondItions (K-GuCCI). The model assigns a change line of psychological states to story characters, which makes the story develop following the setting. Besides, we incorporate the knowledge graph into the model to facilitate the coherence of the story. Moreover, we investigate a metric AGPS to evaluate the accuracy of generated stories’ psychological states. Experiments exhibit that the proposed model improves over standard benchmarks, while also generating stories reliable and valid.

This study aimed at analyzing the cohesion and coherence of recount texts and their implication to teaching writing. The data was fifteen recount texts which were non-randomly chosen from the first-grade students of high school in Central Java, Indonesia. This was qualitative research employing cohesion theory by Halliday and Hasan (1976) and thematic progression proposed by Butt et al. (1995). The result of this research showed that most of the cohesive devices employed by the students were personal reference with 58.11%; demonstrative reference and definite article with 7.18%; comparative reference with 0.93%), lexical (repetition 22.21%; synonym 0.66%; superordinate 0.13%), conjunction (temporal conjunction 7.45%; adversative conjunction: 1.33%; additive conjunction 1.06%; causal conjunction 0.66%), and ellipsis with 2%. The presuppositions of the presupposed items and presupposing items were achieved anaphorically and cataphorically; most of them were anaphoric. The distances of the presuppositions were in the forms of immediate ties, mediated ties, and non-mediated ties. Furthermore, immediate ties occurred extensively. Based on the analysis, most of the texts were cohesive due to the achievement of presupposing and presupposed items in every sentence of the texts. Then, coherence of the students recount texts was achieved by employing three kinds of patterns: reiteration/ constant, zig-zag, and multiple thematic progression patterns. Most of the texts were developed by using a reiteration/ constant pattern. Based on the analysis, most texts were not coherent because of the unrelated clauses. As the result, they broke the signposted progression of the texts. The finding was expected to possibly contribute to the process of teaching writing by encouraging the students to create a good text in a cohesive and coherent way.

The purpose of the article. To advance arguments for the coherence of the fundamental concepts in the theories of bibliopsychology by Mykola Rubakin and information metabolism of Anthony Kempinski and therefore to justify the feasibility of complex-systemic use of these theories to stipulate the latest holistic epistemological doctrine. The methodology of the research implies the application of general scientific and special methods, namely: conceptual logical-notional analysis and synthesis on the basis of analytical-synthetic processing of information; logical and system approaches based on the comparative method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the actualization of the theories by M. Rubakin, A. Kempinski through positioning them as coherent, in particular, by establishing relationships between them at the level of individual aspects of the creation and functioning of terminology, basic conceptual elements and postulates of a holistic independent system as correlates; hence it aims at expanding ideas about the importance of these concepts for the formation of the latest disciplinary matrix of the system of social communications, modernization of higher library-informationeducation, improving the practical activities of information and library sphere. The phenomenon of coherence in the system of modern scientific discourse is presented as a promising methodological concept used by various scientific communities, given the current trend towards complex systemic interdisciplinary research. Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the theories of bibliopsychology and information metabolism has proved their coherence at the level of original term compounds and fundamental concepts. Moreover, the study established the prospects and feasibility of individual special studies aiming at systematization and synthesis, which will ensure the future integration of other related concepts and theories, as well as create a general synergy effect in the study of cognitive theory.Key words: bibliopsychology, information metabolism, coherence, utilization of bibliopsychological values, mnemonics.

The traditional view is that now is a pure indexical, denoting the utterance time. Yet, despite its initial appeal, the view has faced criticism. A range of data reveal now allows for discourse-bound (i.e., anaphoric) uses, and can occur felicitously with the past tense. The reaction to this has typically been to treat now as akin to a true demonstrative, selecting the prominent time supplied by the non-linguistic context or prior discourse. We argue this is doubly mistaken. The first mistake concerns the semantic value of now which is not a time, but a state --- the consequent state of a prominent event. The second is that now is a pure indexical after all, insofar as its interpretation is determined without recourse to extra-linguistic supplementation. Specifically, we argue that any occurrence of now selects the consequent state of the most prominent event, where event-prominence is linguistically maintained through prominence-affecting updates contributed by coherence relations. Our analysis accounts straightforwardly for a wide range of discourse initial and discourse bound uses of now while giving it a simple indexical meaning. EARLY ACCESS

Philosophy and AI have had a difficult relationship from the beginning. The “classic” period from 1950 to 2000 saw four major conflicts, first about the logical coherence of AI as an endeavor, and then about architecture, semantics, and the Frame Problem. Since 2000, these early debates have been largely replaced by arguments about consciousness and ethics, arguments that now involve neuroscientists, lawyers, and economists as well as AI scientists and philosophers. We trace these developments, and speculate about the future.

The term diaspora has, over the past two decades, become ubiquitous both in the vernacular and in academia, to the point that it appears to have lost its acuity as an analytical concept, often meaning little more than a group of migrants. In an attempt to reinvigorate the concept, this article invokes the notion of the “diaspora for others”: a diaspora that has a coherence across space and time, linking the various localisations of a diaspora, and the homeland. The case study is the Hadrami diaspora, and by tracing the links between members of the diaspora, this article demonstrates how the diaspora, although marked by internal differences, nevertheless displays an overall cohesion that grants it a stable and distinct identity as a spatially dispersed community, thus recalling the original sense of the term diaspora.

The purpose of the present study was to understand the nature of the link between science teachers’ epistemologies and their socioscientific issue (SSI) teaching discourse. It is important to consider this link due to the limitations of science teachers in shifting from monologic to more dialogic orientations in their teaching, despite SSI-based science education reforms in many countries. Teachers’ epistemologies are likely to contribute to the difficulties experienced in this shift. We selected three science teachers using purposive sampling procedures. Using classroom observations and follow-up constructivism-oriented interviews, we selected one non-constructivist, one moderately constructivist, and one constructivist science teacher. We then examined these teachers’ (knowledge-based and science-based) epistemologies by two semi-structured interviews. The teachers taught one SSI topic and then we conducted classroom observations. Benefiting from highly used classifications, we classified teachers’ epistemologies and discourses in the transcripts. The results showed that there were some coherences and incoherences between science teachers’ epistemologies and their SSI teaching.

As English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students, it is expected that they should have good ability in four skills of English, including writing skill. However, errors are still found in students’ written works. This paper examines the different types of writing errors made by 10 Indonesian undergraduate students who were enrolled in an IELTS preparation class. Descriptive qualitative research was employed in this study. The errors in the term papers were identified and classified accordingly. The students’ works were assessed based on four aspects: task achievement, cohesion and coherence, lexical resource, grammatical range, and accuracy. The result of this study showed that the highest percentage of students’ errors was in terms of lexical resource and grammatical range (accuracy), followed by three other common errors: singular or plural, word choice, and punctuation. Regarding to the task achievement, in Task 1, most of the students addressed the task but they didn't cover all the information needed. While in Task 2, some students presented clear opinions but with limited and inadequately developed ideas and gave no conclusion. Furthermore, for the results of cohesion and coherence in Task 1, most students showed good logical sequence and overall progression but with faulty cohesion devices. However in Task 2, some students presented either incoherent or illogical ideas or information. These results contribute as fruitful insights for language learners who want to enhance the IELTS comprehension, particularly writing performance.

In this study, the researchers reviewed the current literature of Malay essay writing that highlighted most students were lacking the essential skills to write good narrative essays, with most of their works lacking depth, elaborations, strong contents, coherence, and grammatical integrity. Against this backdrop, the researchers proposed a teaching and learning intervention with the use of thinking maps as a learning tool for the teaching and learning process of Malay narrative essay writing based on the year-five Malay Language curriculum by focusing on three principles of the writing of children’s stories, namely curiosity, challenge, and suspense. With such a thinking tool, teachers can help their students to search for and organize ideas for their essays in a structured, systematic fashion, the infusion of which can help them create interesting, moving stories. From a grammatical standpoint, students’ essays will consist of cohesive sentences and coherent paragraphs, which makes reading a smooth, enjoyable experience to the reader.

The core challenge of steganography is always how to improve the hidden capacity and the concealment. Most current generation-based linguistic steganography methods only consider the probability distribution between text characters, and the emotion and topic of the generated steganographic text are uncontrollable. Especially for long texts, generating several sentences related to a topic and displaying overall coherence and discourse-relatedness can ensure better concealment. In this article, we address the problem of generating coherent multi-sentence texts for better concealment, and a topic-aware neural linguistic steganography method that can generate a steganographic paragraph with a specific topic is present. We achieve a topic-controllable steganographic long text generation by encoding the related entities and their relationships from Knowledge Graphs. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed method can guarantee both the quality of the generated steganographic text and its relevance to a specific topic. The proposed model can be widely used in covert communication, privacy protection, and many other areas of information security.

The practice of generating and interpreting stories can be examined through a behavioral lens and has many potential implications for clinical practice. However, storytelling has for the most part yet to be integrated into the field of contextual behavioral science (CBS). A bedrock of human culture, storytelling has influenced both individual behavior and intergroup cooperation for millennia. Basic principles of relational frame theory, such as those pertaining to coherence, perspective-taking, and the transformation of stimulus function, may help to reveal how stories derive their psychological impact. In turn, understanding storytelling from a CBS perspective can facilitate the broader integration of narrative methods into clinical interventions, which may help in expanding the reach and impact of individual, group, and self-help interventions. Suggestions for integrating storytelling into practice are provided as are future directions for studying the behavioral mechanisms of storytelling.

Over the past twenty years, research in psychiatry has focused primarily on the early detection of schizophrenia. The objective has been to engage the patient with prodromal symptoms in a trajectory of care. It has also been a question of being able to offer treatment as soon as the patient "at risk" of schizophrenia triggered a possible first psychotic episode. Standardized clinical tools were developed and now allow identification of subjects at risk of developing psychotic disorders. However, the reliability of predictions of the psychotic transition, which is between 15 and 25%, remains insufficient. In order to improve care, it is now necessary to highlight markers to refine the prediction of the risk of developing schizophrenia. Some teams are trying to identify linguistic anomalies in UHR subjects (disorganized speech, illogical thoughts, poor speech, altered semantic verbal fluencies…). Some of these abnormalities could be specific to the transition to psychosis. The severity of these markers could be proportional to the progressive stage of the disorder, consistent with the hypothesis of a continuum from normal to pathological in schizophrenia. In addition, automated speech analysis techniques in UHR subjects allow identification of subtle semantic and syntactic anomalies (a decrease in semantic coherence, but also the use of possessive pronouns and a poverty of speech) predictive in 79% of cases of psychotic transition. Some authors demonstrate the value of using linguistic markers and automated speech analysis methods to improve the predictive model of the transition to schizophrenia. However, from reification of language to desubjectification of the individual, this transformation in clinical practice raises ethical and epistemological challenges.

This study aims to investigate the effect of peer-assisted prewriting discussion on second language (L2) academic writing and its benefits for students with different proficiency levels. While there is a significant body of research exploring the positive impact of collaboration on L2 writers' written performance and the ways it could be organised, there is little practical consideration on how to formulate explicit instruction. The rationale for this research lies in designing and arranging explicit instruction that could lead to L2 learners producing a higher quality writing output. Based on both qualitative and quantitative methods, and drawn on students’ written texts and data analysis, the current study was conducted to devise and test a proposed model, which the author will term the ‘collaborative discussion model’ (the CDM). The control and experimental groups of Russian EFL students (n = 48) were engaged in written assignments after naturally occurring discussions and then the latter group was involved in an instructor-led discussion. The practice writing tasks were rated with the analytic rubric used in IELTS, assessing task response, coherence and cohesion, lexical resource, and grammatical range. The findings suggest that collaborative prewriting tasks, accomplished in the experimental group of students with different levels of L2 proficiency, may encourage students to engage more in reflection about the content and language of the text. As the texts produced after introducing the CDM were scored higher, especially on the criteria of task response and lexical resource, it is suggested that scaffolding prewriting discussions can potentially augment the writing skills of learners and the CDM can be used as a complementary activity to address the challenges associated with academic writing. The results of the questionnaire can imply that there are benefits of explicit instruction for students with different levels of L2 proficiency, although in nuanced ways and different degrees.

This paper analyses selected research article introductions of doctoral seminars in the Department of English Language and Literature, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, to determine how these academic writings follow specific formats characteristic of such genres. Specifically the work looks at the staged cognitive organisation of the selected samples in line with the requisite schematic or generic structure postulated in Bhatia (1993) and adopted by the University of Southern California (USC). Every genre is characterized by culture-bound unique structuring and communicative purposes that give it generic coherence. Research article introduction is an academic sub-genre with specified conventions characterising genres from the academic culture/community. A total of eighteen samples of research introductions were analysed, the aim being to determine whether the cognitive move structures in the samples conform with, or depart from, the conventionalized patterns of this academic sub-genre and how the pattern used in the samples enabled or militated against the writers’ achievement of the desired communicative purposes. A critical reading of doctoral seminars in the Department shows lack of knowledge of the unique formatting of introductions, making this work to be anchored on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) with particular emphasis on English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The baseline of the findings is to discover the present proficiency of these group of learners, enlighten budding academics on the move structure of article introductions in order to achieve generic coherence as well as target proficiency in that sub-genre of academic writing.

The use of appropriate rhetorical moves (RMs) and meta-discourse markers (MMs) improve the argumentative and persuasive force of academic texts, such as essays, thesis, seminar papers, and articles. However, authors from a different language background and level of expertise may use different RMs and MMs when writing in a foreign language. This study is aimed at describing how Indonesian authors in Applied Linguistics use RMs and MMs in their research article abstracts (RAAs) published in international and local journals. 20 RAAs published in international journals and 20 RAAs published in local journals were chosen for the corpora of this study. Swales (2009) five rhetorical move for RAAs and Hyland's (2005) taxonomy of MMs were used as models in the analyses. The results reveal that different from international journal readers’ expectations, Indonesian authors in Applied Linguistics use only 3 Moves (Moves 2, 3 & 4) classified as obligatory and 2 Moves (Moves 1 & 5) conventional. Also, they use interactive MMs far more frequently in Move 3 and 4 because these two moves are relatively longer than the other three moves. As found in other similar studies, the Indonesian authors use interactive MMs far more frequently than interactional MMs because they concern more of their text cohesion, coherence, and convincing rather than their interaction with the potential readers.

This paper suggests how mutual understanding and respect may be fostered between very different fields of research, which seem to have little in common. The meaning and value of each field, and the relationships among them, are revealed using Dooyeweerd's aspects. Dooyeweerd is rare among philosophers in having made an intensive study of the diversity and coherence of meaningfulness. In this way, researchers in one field can more fully understand the ways in which findings or research in other fields are meaningful. Dooyeweerd's inter-aspect relationships help us understand the types of relationship a field might have with others.

The current interest in the notions of ontological dependence and metaphysical grounding is usually associated with a renewal of interest in Aristotelian metaphysics. Curiously, some authors have recently argued that the Aristotelian view of universals, according to which universals depend for their existence on their exemplifiers, is incoherent from a grounding perspective. In this paper I argue that such criticism is misleading. I shall examine their arguments and clarify the supposed incoherence.

In the information age, discourse plays an increasingly important role in promoting innovative products. But how language works in the innovation process remains underexplored. This study explores the discursive communication strategies used to introduce innovation by analyzing the content, cohesion, and coherence of product launch presentations by Steve Jobs. It reveals that such discursive communication strategies improve the audience’s understanding, recognition, and acceptance of innovative products. This study contributes to both business communication studies in general and research on innovation communication in product launches in particular.

Where legal-lay communication involves linguistic difference between participants, institutional and scholarly responses have long focused on the translation of propositional content, but there is increasing evidence that the pragmatic implications of communicating in different languages or varieties are equally important. Drawing on research on interpreting in small claims court ( Angermeyer, 2015 ) and on recent studies on the treatment of speakers of African American English in US courts (e.g. Rickford and King, 2016 ), this paper explores how the ability of individuals to communicate in the courtroom, specifically to give narrative testimony, is impacted by the ways in which legal professionals approach linguistic difference. The observed practices of court interpreting and attorneys' practices of questioning speakers of other dialects both lead to a fragmentation of narrative ( Harris, 2001 ), reducing the coherence of testimony by comparison to that of participants whose language use matches the expectations of the court more closely. These observations converge with findings of other studies that have likewise shown how interpreting practices constrain the participation of other language speakers in institutional settings, and it is argued that advocacy for other-language or other-dialect speakers should consider such pragmatic inequality, rather than focus on the transference of referential meaning alone.

Discourse markers facilitate text interpretation. Discourse markers (DMs) were key attributes in linking sentences, rendering the text coherent. This study aimed to analyze Discourse Markers (DMs) found in four News Articles of The Jakarta Post based on Halliday and Hasan point of view. They were additive, adversative, causal and continuative. The writer used a descriptive qualitative method, in which the data were sentences that contain discourse markers in the articles. The data were analyzed by applying the theory of discourse markers from Halliday and Hasan (1976). The result showed there were 21 discourse markers found in four news articles. All the news articles included additive, adversative, causal, and temporal/continuative discourse markers. In the Jakarta Post news article, the numbers of the discourse markers were ample for readers to understand the articles better.

The Discursive Skills of Conditional Constructions in the Libro de los exenplos por A.B.C.: The Rhyming Couplet The drift of syntax towards new approaches and manners of analysing is both the reflection and the consequence of the evolution of linguistics generally and, more specifically, of text linguistics. After years focused on the system, its components and their relations, linguistics has opened up to its realisation and to the construction of discourse. Texts, on the other hand, are no longer seen as mere providers of data or as isolated objects. They have become the result of a communication act and refer to classes, templates, or schemas which conventionalise the manner in which content and the choice of resources are used and organized. The use of these premises to approach conditionality, that is, to any expression that denotes such value, seeks to look at its informative operativity and to commit its contribution to thematic progression (coherence) and to the connection of its components (cohesion). It is actually a demand imposed by the particularities of the Libro de los exenplos por A.B.C., whose didactic nature presides over and mediates everything, from its purpose to its discursive configuration, to the units that make it up, the selection of the linguistic techniques it actualises and the interlocutors it is addressed to. The study of the rhyming couplet confirms these aspects. It uses conditional structures other than those documented in the conclusions and in the body of the exemplo and, when this is not the case, it uses them with very different functions.

Narrative form is crucial to the understanding of science in popular culture. This is particularly true with subjects such as radiation, in which the technical details at hand are often remote from everyday experience-as well as contested or uncertain among experts. This article examines the narrative choices made by three popular texts that publicized radiation risks to the public during the Cold War: John Hersey's Hiroshima, David Bradley's No Place to Hide, and Ralph Lapp's The Voyage of the Lucky Dragon. It contends that each author borrowed from well-established literary genres and that this borrowing was crucial to coherence and effective messaging of the argument. At the same time, placing the arguments in such a familiar form served to blunt some of the radical potential in those same messages.

Innovation is considered a key driver for economic growth and is usually studied in the form of systems, with the regional level being arguably the most important. Despite constantly improving technological infrastructure, the human-related aspects of innovation are still the most important part of the innovation process. The human factor in innovation essentially consists of three components: (1) human capital, which refers to education, knowledge, and skills; (2) social capital, which refers to the strength of social links and social coherence; and (3) psychological capital, which refers to peoples’ values, attitudes, and behaviors. The research findings confirmed this view and showed which specific indicators of the three types of capital had a significant impact on innovation output. A new, extended regional innovation scoreboard emphasizing the human factor, is proposed. Also, based on the findings, and bearing in mind current EU innovation policies, a number of measures are proposed in order to suggest “more human” smart specialization policies in order to increase innovation in European regions and coherence between them.

David Cameron’s leadership of the Conservatives took as its starting point the assumption that the party needed to modernise, requiring a move towards the political ‘centre ground’. This shift presented the party leadership with a series of challenges, including brand detoxification, party management, and policy renewal. Modernisation also implied ideological change, to distance the Conservatives from the legacy of Thatcherism and realign conservatism with the values of a wider section of the electorate. In this respect, Cameronite modernisation can be judged a failure. This article suggests that ontological contradictions inherent in central elements of Cameron’s conservatism, specifically the ‘Big Society’ and the ‘social justice agenda’, fatally undermined its ideological coherence. It argues that this is an important and hitherto overlooked part of the explanation for the shortcomings of Conservative Party modernisation as a political project. Although this is only one part in a wider explanation for the failure of Conservative modernisation, this case study demonstrates that ontological assumptions matter in political practice.

Neural sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) models are currently dominant approaches in social media short text abstractive summarization task. However, the computation of source attention weight in Seq2Seq models does not fully consider the information of the previously generated summary, which harms the coherence of the summary. In addition, given the noisy source text, it is difficult for Seq2Seq models to learn an accurate source context. To address these two shortcomings, we propose summary-aware attention for social media short text abstractive summarization. In this work, we use the source hidden states and attended summary vectors to compute summary-aware attention weight. The attended summary vectors contribute to generate a coherent summary. Moreover, under the guidance of the attended summary vectors, the attention mechanism increases the weight of the related content and reduces the weight of noise. Following the previous work, we evaluate our model on a popular Chinese social media dataset. Both automatic and human evaluation results demonstrate that our model achieves significant improvements compared with strong baselines.

A topic model is one of the best stochastic models for summarizing an extensive collection of text. It has accomplished an inordinate achievement in text analysis as well as text summarization. It can be employed to the set of documents that are represented as a bag-of-words, without considering grammar and order of the words. We modeled the topics for Gujarati news articles corpus. As the Gujarati language has a diverse morphological structure and inflectionally rich, Gujarati text processing finds more complexity. The size of the vocabulary plays an important role in the inference process and quality of topics. As the vocabulary size increases, the inference process becomes slower and topic semantic coherence decreases. If the vocabulary size is diminished, then the topic inference process can be accelerated. It may also improve the quality of topics. In this work, the list of suffixes has been prepared that encounters too frequently with words in Gujarati text. The inflectional forms have been reduced to the root words concerning the suffixes in the list. Moreover, Gujarati single-letter words have been eliminated for faster inference and better quality of topics. Experimentally, it has been proved that if inflectional forms are reduced to their root words, then vocabulary length is shrunk to a significant extent. It also caused the topic formation process quicker. Moreover, the inflectional forms reduction and single-letter word removal enhanced the interpretability of topics. The interpretability of topics has been assessed on semantic coherence, word length, and topic size. The experimental results showed improvements in the topical semantic coherence score. Also, the topic size grew notably as the number of tokens assigned to the topics increased.

This paper provides the first contrastive analysis of a coherence relation (viz. addition) and its connectives across a sign language (French Belgian Sign Language) and a spoken language (French), both used in the same geographical area. The analysis examines the frequency and types of connectives that can express an additive relation, in order to contrast its “markedness” in the two languages, that is, whether addition is marked by dedicated connectives or by ambiguous, polyfunctional ones. Furthermore, we investigate the functions of the most frequent additive connective in each language (namely et and the sign SAME), starting from the observation that most connectives are highly polyfunctional. This analysis intends to show which functions are compatible with the meaning of addition in spoken and signed discourse. Despite a common core of shared discourse functions, the equivalence between et and SAME is only partial and relates to a difference in their semantics.

Cohesion and coherence have an important role in writing essays, both those that will write or those that have become essays. Therefore this study aims to determine the use of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village. The object of this research is the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The subject of this research is the sentence which contains the type of cohesion and coherence in the KKN novel in Penari Village by Simpleman. The approach used is a qualitative approach. A qualitative approach is an approach that presents data in the form of sentences. The design of this research is by collecting data, then the data is grouped according to the use of cohesion and coherence types, then the data is analyzed and presented in an informal form. Data collection techniques using reading techniques and note taking techniques. The technique of presenting the results of the analysis using informal techniques. Informal techniques are techniques that present data in the form of common words that are easily understood by the reader. The results of this study are grammatical cohesion, lexical cohesion and coherence types. Grammatical cohesion includes: reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction. The use of lexical cohesion are of two types namely, repetition and collocation. The use of coherence there are five relationships, namely: the sum relationship, the sequential relationship, the resistance relationship, the causal relationship, and the time relationship.

Como parte de pesquisa mais ampla acerca das contribuições do ensino de Astronomia na educação de crianças e adolescentes da Era Digital, este artigo traz contribuições bibliográficas para melhor compreensão da geração imersa numa cultura digital e sua relação com a educação em Astronomia, a partir dos apontamentos da nova Base Nacional Comum Curricular brasileira (BNCC). O documento sugere a integração dos conteúdos e experimentos com as diversas tecnologias e soluções digitais, o que demonstra coerência com o comportamento e as circunstâncias das crianças e adolescentes da Era Digital. Dessa forma, apontamos que aliar softwares, aplicativos, programas e ferramentas digitais a sessões de observação celeste, contemplação do céu noturno, pesquisas históricas sobre povos originários e conteúdos relevantes à compreensão da humanidade e seu papel no Universo pode ser um dos caminhos possíveis para uma educação que contemple as dimensões da contemporaneidade e engaje os pequenos sujeitos tecnológicos em desenvolvimento.

Entendemos que existem diferentes concepções e práticas pedagógicas que envolvem a educação e, então, a educação hospitalar. Nesse contexto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar em pesquisas científicas, explicitadas, por meio de teses e dissertações, as principais perspectivas pedagógicas desenvolvidas no atendimento educacional hospitalar e domiciliar no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica tendo como fonte e objeto de discussão as pesquisas dispostas na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações, no período de 2014 a 2017, e posteriormente analisados, mediante a análise de conteúdo. Nas análises foi possível identificar três categorias temáticas: Lúdico-terapêutica; Pedagógico-educacional; e Confluência lúdico-educacional. A discussão das categorias temáticas foi realizada por meio de inferências utilizando quatro características definidoras de contextualização: concepções e significados; práticas pedagógicas e organização didático-curricular; relação educação e saúde; e avaliação do processo pedagógico. Os resultados indicaram que as perspectivas pedagógicas não possuem objetivos divergentes no aspecto da inclusão escolar e da recuperação do paciente, mas que priorizaram procedimentos pedagógicos distintos cuja ênfase postula coerência com a demanda específica do ambiente, no qual se insere a ação educativa e as restrições impostas ao alunado por sua condição clínica ou de tratamento da saúde. Os resultados contribuem com uma matriz de referência teórico-conceitual, mediante exame das fontes disponíveis, servindo de base para estudos sobre o tema. Tomando por referência, que as perspectivas pedagógicas constituem um tema ainda pouco abordado na Educação Hospitalar, outras formas de categorização são possíveis, de acordo com a formulação teórico-metodológica da investigação.

O problema da responsabilidade moral é uma questão a ser tratada tendo em vista a qualidade das ações humanas, o que requer uma explicação da origem e do sentido do mal que eventualmente delas redunda. No pensamento tardo antigo isto é feito no horizonte de uma filosofia da mente. Em Agostinho este tema é compreendido desde o entendimento de uma faculdade anímica que garante ao homem máxima liberdade, a saber, a vontade, cujo efeito da ação é compreendido em referência a um polo de máxima transcendência – Deus, a partir de quem são compreendidos os princípios em que deve se articular a razão humana para orientar sua liberdade em coerência com a Verdade. Portanto, é na estrutura interna da mente humana que Agostinho ancora a origem e o fundamento último de toda ação moral, pela qual cada indivíduo é o único responsável frente à realidade e diante de Deus.

While argument mining has achieved significant success in classifying argumentative relations between statements (support, attack, and neutral), we have a limited computational understanding of logical mechanisms that constitute those relations. Most recent studies rely on black-box models, which are not as linguistically insightful as desired. On the other hand, earlier studies use rather simple lexical features, missing logical relations between statements. To overcome these limitations, our work classifies argumentative relations based on four logical and theory-informed mechanisms between two statements, namely (i) factual consistency, (ii) sentiment coherence, (iii) causal relation, and (iv) normative relation. We demonstrate that our operationalization of these logical mechanisms classifies argumentative relations without directly training on data labeled with the relations, significantly better than several unsupervised baselines. We further demonstrate that these mechanisms also improve supervised classifiers through representation learning., To Appear in TACL 2021

The paper considers relations between two fundamental linguistic categories, which are interrogativity and text coherence. In particular, the problem of representation of the coherence category in interrogative utterances is being analyzed. The aim of the article is to study the means of coherence used in interrogative utterances in Waterland by G. Swift. This novel was chosen to provide material for investigation as it is characterized by explicit interrogation which serves to facilitate cohesion. Based on the text of the novel, we created a database including 932 interrogative utterances. To research the material, the methods of component, contextual, syntactical, stylistic analysis were employed. According to the author’s hypothesis, a variety of lexical, grammatical and phonetic means provide coherence of interrogative utterances at microlevel of a literary text. Among the lexical means of coherence presented in the novel under investigation, we found full and partial lexical repetition, repetition of synonyms and antonyms, repetition of interrogative pronouns and adverbs. Among grammatical means of coherence, there are presented full and partial repetition of an interrogative utterance, anaphora, syntactical parallelism, chiasmus, parenthesis, participle clauses and tense agreement of verbs. Among phonetic means of coherence, there were found alliteration, assonance and rhythm. The discovered means of coherence serve to form not only a syntactical but also a semantical unity of a literary text.

The first translation of Freud published in Portugal appears to have been a version of the 1905 text Drei Abhandlungen zur Sexualtheorie, which came out in November 1932 named Sexualidade. Published by the Atica Press in a collection entitled Scientia Vitae, the translator's name – Osorio de Oliveira – was, surprisingly, displayed in a prominent position on the title page. A comparison between this translation, Freud's original and a French version by Blanche Reverchon, that had come out shortly before, shows that it was a case of indirect translation, which reproduced many of the characteristics of the intermediary version. For example, while Freud's original enables the reader to follow the thought processes behind his hypotheses and scientific conclusions, both of the translated texts are much less tentative. This paper explores the circumstances surrounding the production of this Portuguese translation at that moment, the translational options made, and the effect of both on the text's reception. Particular attention is given to the domain of lexis – creation of neologisms, terminological consistency and coherence – and modalization, and whether the terminological options caught on and were reproduced in subsequent translations and commentaries. KEYWORDS: Freud, Translator's Visibility, Manipulation, Vocabulary Creation, Translation Norms This paper explores the circumstances surrounding the production of this Portuguese translation at this particular moment, the translational options made and the effect of both on the text's reception. Particular attention is given to the domain of lexis - creation of neologisms, terminological consistency and coherence - and modalization, and whether the terminological options caught on and were reproduced in subsequent translations and commentaries.