Search

Your search keyword '"Cotton, Mark F."' showing total 1,108 results
Start Over Author "Cotton, Mark F."
1,108 results on '"Cotton, Mark F."'

51. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination During Pregnancy and Effects in Infants

Author

Madhi, Shabir A., Polack, Fernando P., Piedra, Pedro A., Munoz, Flor M., Trenholme, Adrian A., Simões, Eric A. F., Swamy, Geeta K., Agrawal, Sapeckshita, Ahmed, Khatija, August, Allison, Baqui, Abdullah H., Calvert, Anna, Chen, Janice, Cho, Iksung, Cotton, Mark F., Cutland, Clare L., Englund, Janet A., Fix, Amy, Gonik, Bernard, Hammitt, Laura, Heath, Paul T., de Jesus, Joanne N., Jones, Christine E., Khalil, Asma, Kimberlin, David W., Libster, Romina, Llapur, Conrado J., Lucero, Marilla, Pérez Marc, Gonzalo, Marshall, Helen S., Masenya, Masebole S., Martinón-Torres, Federico, Meece, Jennifer K., Nolan, Terry M., Osman, Ayman, Perrett, Kirsten P., Plested, Joyce S., Richmond, Peter C., Snape, Matthew D., Shakib, Julie H., Shinde, Vivek, Stoney, Tanya, Thomas, D. Nigel, Tita, Alan T., Varner, Michael W., Vatish, Manu, Vrbicky, Keith, Wen, Judy, Zaman, Khalequ, Zar, Heather J., Glenn, Gregory M., and Fries, Louis F.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

52. The largest HIV-1-infected T cell clones in children on long-term combination antiretroviral therapy contain solo LTRs

Author

Botha, Johannes C., primary, Demirov, Dimiter, additional, Gordijn, Carli, additional, Katusiime, Mary Grace, additional, Bale, Michael J., additional, Wu, Xiaolin, additional, Wells, Daria, additional, Hughes, Stephen H., additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Mellors, John W., additional, Kearney, Mary F., additional, and van Zyl, Gert U., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

61. Infants Receiving Very Early Antiretroviral Therapy Have High CD4 Counts in the First Year of Life

Author

Nelson, Bryan S, Tierney, Camlin, Persaud, Deborah, Jao, Jennifer, Cotton, Mark F, Bryson, Yvonne, Coletti, Anne, Ruel, Theodore D, Spector, Stephen A, Reding, Christina, Bacon, Kira, Costello, Diane, Perlowski, Charlotte, Santos Cruz, Maria Leticia, Kosgei, Josphat, Majji, Sai, Yin, Dwight E, Jean-Philippe, Patrick, and Chadwick, Ellen G

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Infectious Diseases, Brief Report
Abstract

We followed 54 infants with in utero HIV after initiating very early antiretroviral treatment. At weeks 24 and 48, ≥80% had CD4 ≥1500 cells/mm3 and CD4% ≥25%. Routine Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia prophylaxis in the first year of life may not be necessary for all very early treated infants. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02140255.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

62. Optimal dosing of gliclazide—A model‐based approach

Author

Mim, Sabiha R., primary, Hussein, Haneen, additional, Vidadi, Samira, additional, Leisegang, Rory, additional, Karamchand, Sumanth, additional, Rambiritch, Virendra, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Naidoo, Poobalan, additional, and Kjellsson, Maria C., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

63. Associations of HIV and iron status with gut microbiota composition, gut inflammation and gut integrity in South African school‐age children: a two‐way factorial case–control study

Author

Goosen, Charlene, primary, Proost, Sebastian, additional, Baumgartner, Jeannine, additional, Mallick, Kashish, additional, Tito, Raul Y., additional, Barnabas, Shaun L., additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Zimmermann, Michael B., additional, Raes, Jeroen, additional, and Blaauw, Renée, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

65. Optimal dosing of gliclazide-A model-based approach

Author

Mim, Sabiha R., Hussein, Haneen, Vidadi, Samira, Leisegang, Rory, Karamchand, Sumanth, Rambiritch, Virendra, Cotton, Mark F., Naidoo, Poobalan, Kjellsson, Maria C., Mim, Sabiha R., Hussein, Haneen, Vidadi, Samira, Leisegang, Rory, Karamchand, Sumanth, Rambiritch, Virendra, Cotton, Mark F., Naidoo, Poobalan, and Kjellsson, Maria C.

Abstract

Gliclazide was approved as a treatment for type 2 diabetes in an era before model-based drug development, and consequently, the recommended doses were not optimised with modern methods. To investigate various dosing regimens of gliclazide, we used publicly available data to characterise the dose-response relationship using pharmacometric models. A literature search identified 21 published gliclazide pharmacokinetic (PK) studies with full profiles. These were digitised, and a PK model was developed for immediate- (IR) and modified-release (MR) formulations. Data from a gliclazide dose-ranging study of postprandial glucose were used to characterise the concentration-response relationship using the integrated glucose-insulin model. Simulations from the full model showed that the maximum effect was 44% of the patients achieving HbA1c <7%, with 11% experiencing glucose <3 mmol/L and the most sensitive patients (i.e., 5% most extreme) experiencing 35 min of hypoglycaemia. Simulations revealed that the recommended IR dose (320 mg) was appropriate with no efficacy gain with increased dose. However, the recommended dose for the MR formulation may be increased to 270 mg, with more patients achieving HbA1c goals (i.e., HbA1c <7%) without a hypoglycaemic risk higher than the resulting risk from the recommended IR dose.

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

69. Strong sex bias in elite control of paediatric HIV infection

Author

Vieira, Vinicius A., Zuidewind, Peter, Muenchhoff, Maximilian, Roider, Julia, Millar, Jane, Clapson, Margaret, Van Zyl, Anriette, Shingadia, Delane, Adland, Emily, Athavale, Rohin, Grayson, Nicholas, Ansari, M. Azim, Brander, Christian, Guash, Claudia Fortuny, Naver, Lars, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, Ananworanich, Jintanat, Peluso, Denise, Thomé, Beatriz, Pinto, Jorge, Jooste, Pieter, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Cotton, Mark F., and Goulder, Philip

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

71. Maternal ART throughout gestation prevents caudate volume reductions in neonates who are HIV exposed but uninfected

Author

Ibrahim, Abdulmumin, primary, Warton, Fleur L., additional, Fry, Samantha, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Jacobson, Sandra W., additional, Jacobson, Joseph L., additional, Molteno, Christopher D., additional, Little, Francesca, additional, van der Kouwe, Andre J. W., additional, Laughton, Barbara, additional, Meintjes, Ernesta M., additional, and Holmes, Martha J., additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

72. High Mortality Following Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Infants Living with HIV from Three African Countries

Author

Tagarro, Alfredo, primary, Domínguez-Rodríguez, Sara, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Otwombe, Kennedy, additional, Klein, Nigel, additional, Lain, Maria Grazia, additional, Nhampossa, Tacilta, additional, Maiga, Almoustapha Issiaka, additional, Barnabas, Shaun L., additional, Vaz, Paula, additional, Violari, Avy, additional, Fernandez-Luis, Sheila, additional, Behuhuma, Osee, additional, Estevao, Ligia, additional, Sillah, Mariam, additional, Lopez Varela, Elisa, additional, Naniche, Denise, additional, Janse-Van-Rensburg, Anita, additional, Liberty, Afaaf, additional, Ramsagar, Nastassja, additional, Smit, Theresa, additional, Makhari, Senamile, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Rossi, Paolo, additional, Kuhn, Louise, additional, Palma, Paolo, additional, Spyer, Moira J., additional, Lichterfeld, Matthias, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Gianuzzi, Viviana, additional, Ballesteros, Álvaro, additional, Cotugno, Nicola, additional, Morrocchi, Elena, additional, Oletto, Andrea, additional, Tata Traoré, Fatoumata, additional, Dobbels, Els, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Ording-Jespersen, Gregory, additional, Foster, Caroline, additional, Rabie, Helena, additional, Amuge, Pauline, additional, Brehin, Camille, additional, Pahwa, Savita, additional, Coulibaly, Yacouba Aba, additional, Rojo, Pablo, additional, and Consortium, EPIICAL, additional

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

73. Dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a pharmacokinetic and safety study within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial

Author

Turkova, Anna, primary, Waalewijn, Hylke, additional, Chan, Man K, additional, Bollen, Pauline D J, additional, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa F, additional, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, additional, Cotton, Mark F, additional, Lugemwa, Abbas, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, Ahimbisibwe, Grace Miriam, additional, Srirompotong, Ussanee, additional, Mumbiro, Vivian, additional, Amuge, Pauline, additional, Zuidewind, Peter, additional, Ali, Shabinah, additional, Kityo, Cissy M, additional, Archary, Moherndran, additional, Ferrand, Rashida A, additional, Violari, Avy, additional, Gibb, Diana M, additional, Burger, David M, additional, Ford, Deborah, additional, Colbers, Angela, additional, Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, additional, Abraham, Pattamukkil, additional, Abrams, Elaine, additional, Acero, Judith, additional, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, additional, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, additional, Ainebyoona, Barbara, additional, Akobye, Winnie, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akoojee, Nazim, additional, Ali, Shabinah S., additional, Andrea, Catherine, additional, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, additional, Ankunda, Rogers, additional, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, additional, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, additional, Apollo, Tsitsi, additional, Arendze, Ronelle, additional, Ategeka, Juliet, additional, Atim, Eunice, additional, Atwine, Lorna, additional, Babiker, Abdel, additional, Babirye, Sarah, additional, Babu, Enock, additional, Bagirigomwa, Edward, additional, Baita, Angella, additional, Balamusani, David, additional, Baliram, Patsy, additional, Baliruno, David, additional, Ball, Colin, additional, Balwa, Henry, additional, Bamford, Alasdair, additional, Bandi, Srini, additional, Barker, Dominique, additional, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, additional, Bbuye, Dickson, additional, Begum, Shazia, additional, Behuhuma, Osee, additional, Bernays, Sarah, additional, Besigye, Rogers, additional, Bester, Maria, additional, Bhiri, Joyline, additional, Bilardi, Davide, additional, Bird, Kristien, additional, Bollen, Pauline, additional, Borg, Chiara, additional, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, additional, Brown, Jackie, additional, Bruno, Elena, additional, Bunupuradah, Torsak, additional, Burger, David, additional, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, additional, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, additional, Byaruhanga, Africanus, additional, Calvert, Joanna, additional, Casey, Petronelle, additional, Cassim, Haseena, additional, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, additional, Chailert, Sanuphong, additional, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, additional, Chamjamrat, Wanna, additional, Chan, Man, additional, Chandiwana, Precious, additional, Chankun, Thannapat, additional, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, additional, Chanto, Nuttawut, additional, Chidziva, Ennie, additional, Chikowore, Minenhle, additional, Chimanzi, Joy, additional, Chinwong, Dujrudee, additional, Chitongo, Stuart, additional, Chitsamatanga, Moses, additional, Choga, Joshua, additional, Chutima, Duangrat, additional, Clayden, Polly, additional, Coelho, Alexandra, additional, Compagnucci, Alexandra, additional, Constança Mendes, Ana, additional, Conway, Magda, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Crawley, Jane, additional, Cressey, Tim R., additional, Crisp, Jacky, additional, Matos, Ana Cristina, additional, Dadan, Sumaya, additional, Daglish, Jacqui, additional, Danaviah, Siva, additional, Daniel, Tseleng, additional, De Rossi, Anita, additional, Denjanta, Sukanda, additional, Dobbels, Els, additional, Dowie, Maria, additional, Dube, Prosper, additional, Dube, Benedictor, additional, Dudakia, Nimisha, additional, Elwana, Alice, additional, Epalza, Cristina, additional, Eram, David, additional, Erasmus, Juan, additional, Erim, Peter, additional, Escosa Garcia, Luis, additional, Essack, Zaakirah, additional, Estepa, Carolina, additional, Etima, Monica, additional, Fernandes, Alexandre, additional, Fernandez, Maite, additional, Fitzgerald, Felicity, additional, Flynn, Jacquie, additional, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, additional, Foster, Caroline, additional, Fourie, George, additional, Fourie, Yolandie, additional, Foxall, Sophie, additional, Frank, Derusha, additional, Gandhi, Kate, additional, Garcia, India, additional, Gartner, Kathleen, additional, Gasa, Joshua, additional, Gasa, Gugu, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Gibb, Diana M., additional, Gomez Rico, Coral, additional, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, additional, Gondo, Secrecy, additional, Goodman, Anna, additional, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, additional, Gozhora, Winnie, additional, Greetanukroh, Pisut, additional, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, additional, Grossele, Tiziana, additional, Gwande, Shamiso, additional, Gwaze, Tapiwa, additional, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, additional, Hakim, James, additional, Hakiza, Emmanuel, additional, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, additional, Harley, Ashley, additional, Isaacs, Mornay, additional, Isabirye, Richard, additional, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, additional, Jacobs, Tom, additional, Jafta, Lungile, additional, Jamil, Nasir, additional, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, additional, Jeaven, Vinesh, additional, Mellado Peña, Maria José, additional, Jourdain, Gonzague, additional, Juliet, Katabalwa, additional, Jumpimai, Thidarat, additional, Junkaew, Raungwit, additional, Jupimai, Thidarat, additional, Kaahwa, Winfred, additional, Kabasonga, Mildred, additional, Kaboggoza, Olivia, additional, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, additional, Kaewbundit, Ampika, additional, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, additional, Kafufu, Bosco, additional, Kakayi, Brenda, additional, Kamboua, Phakamas, additional, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, additional, Kasangaki, Gladys, additional, Kasipong, Naruporn, additional, Kasozi, Miriam, additional, Kataike, Hajira, additional, Katemba, Chrispus, additional, Kaudha, Elizabeth, additional, Kekane, Nkata, additional, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R., additional, Keminyeto, Edridah, additional, Khamduang, Woottichai, additional, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, additional, Khamkon, Jiraporn, additional, Khannak, Sasipass, additional, Khatngam, Orapin, additional, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, additional, Khumalo, Busi, additional, Khunene, Mirriam, additional, Khusuwan, Suwimon, additional, Kibalama, Phionah, additional, Kibenge, Robinah, additional, Kirabira, Anthony, additional, Kityo, Cissy M., additional, Kiyimba, Lameck, additional, Klein, Nigel, additional, Klinprung, Soraya, additional, Kobbe, Robin, additional, Kobusingye, Olivia, additional, Kobusungye, Josephine, additional, Kongponoi, Areerat, additional, Königs, Christoph, additional, Koole, Olivier, additional, Kouakam, Christelle, additional, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, additional, Kruenual, Namthip, additional, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, additional, Kyambadde, Raymonds, additional, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, additional, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, additional, Kyomukama, Erinah, additional, Lakha, Reshma, additional, Langa, Cleopatra, additional, Laomanit, Laddawan, additional, Lebotsa, Emily, additional, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, additional, Lekku, Lawrence, additional, Lensen, Sarah, additional, Leroy, Valériane, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Liberty, Afaaf, additional, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, additional, Little, Emma, additional, Lutalo, Ezra, additional, Jimenez, Jose Luis, additional, Lyall, Hermione, additional, MacDonald, Candice, additional, Machache, Gladness, additional, Madlala, Penelope, additional, Madonsela, Tryphina, additional, Maduna, Nomfundo, additional, Maena, Joel, additional, Mahanontharit, Apicha, additional, Makanga, Collin, additional, Makola, Candice, additional, Makumbi, Shafic, additional, Malgraaf, Lucille, additional, Mamiane, Angelous, additional, Mantkowski, Felicia, additional, Mapfumo, Wendy, additional, Marques, Laura, additional, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, additional, Maseko, Lindiwe, additional, Masienyane, Tshepiso, additional, Mathiba, Ruth, additional, Matimba, Farai, additional, Mawlana, Sajeeda, additional, Mayanja, Emmanuel, additional, Mayat, Fatima, additional, Mbabazi, Ritah, additional, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, additional, Mbasani, Faith, additional, McClaughlin, Kathleen, additional, McIlleron, Helen, additional, Meethaisong, Watchara, additional, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, additional, Miwanda, Annet, additional, Miranda, Carlota, additional, Mkhize, Siphiwe, additional, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, additional, Mngqibisa, Rosie, additional, Mohamed, Fatima, additional, Moloantoa, Tumelo, additional, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, additional, Montero, Samuel, additional, Moore, Cecilia L., additional, Mosia, Rejoice, additional, Moyo, Columbus, additional, Mthethwa, Mumsy, additional, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, additional, Mudzviti, Tawona, additional, Mujuru, Hilda, additional, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, additional, Mukanganiki, Trust, additional, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, additional, Mulder, Mark, additional, Mulima, Disan, additional, Mulindwa, Alice, additional, Mupambireyi, Zivai, additional, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, additional, Murungi, Herbert, additional, Murungu, Dorothy, additional, Musarurwa, Sandra, additional, Musiime, Victor, additional, Musiime, Alex V., additional, Musisi, Maria, additional, Musoke, Philippa, additional, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, additional, Musoro, Godfrey, additional, Musumba, Sharif, additional, Mustafa, Sobia, additional, Mutsai, Shirley, additional, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, additional, Naabalamba, Mariam, additional, Nagawa, Immaculate, additional, Naidoo, Allemah, additional, Nakabuye, Shamim, additional, Nakabuye, Sarah, additional, Nakalanzi, Sarah, additional, Nalubwama, Justine, additional, Nalugo, Annet, additional, Nalusiba, Stella, additional, Namajja, Clementine, additional, Namanda, Sylvia, additional, Namayanja, Paula, additional, Nambi, Esther, additional, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, additional, Namukwaya, Stella, additional, Namuli, Florence, additional, Namusanje, Josephine, additional, Namwanje, Rosemary, additional, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, additional, Nanduudu, Annet, additional, Nankunda, Charity, additional, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, additional, Nannungi, Maria, additional, Nansamba, Winnie, additional, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, additional, Nanyonjo, Juliet, additional, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, additional, Nasaazi, Claire, additional, Nascimento, Helena, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, additional, Nathoo, Kusum, additional, Natuhurira, Ian, additional, Nazzinda, Rashidah, additional, Ncgaba, Thabisa, additional, Ndigendawani, Milly, additional, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, additional, Nentsa, Georgina, additional, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, additional, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, additional, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, additional, Ngwaru, Pia, additional, Nhema, Ruth, additional, Ninsiima, Emily, additional, Ninsiima, Gloria, additional, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, additional, Noguera Julian, Antoni, additional, Nolan, Monica, additional, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, additional, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, additional, Nsirim, Eniola, additional, Nundlal, Rashina, additional, Nunes, Rosita, additional, Nyantsa, Lungile, additional, Nyati, Mandisa, additional, O'Riordan, Sean, additional, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, additional, Odoch, Denis, additional, Oguntimehin, Rachel, additional, Ojok, Martin, additional, Onen, Geoffrey, additional, Orange, Wilma, additional, Ounchanum, Pradthana, additional, Ouma, Benson, additional, Padrao, Andreia, additional, Pako, Deborah, additional, Parker, Anna, additional, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, additional, Patel, Reena, additional, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, additional, Petpranee, Turian, additional, Phillips, Tasmin, additional, Philps, Jackie, additional, Picault, Laura, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Helena, additional, Pongprapass, Supawadee, additional, Pozniak, Anton, additional, Prendergast, Andrew, additional, Prieto Tato, Luis, additional, Puangmalai, Patcharee, additional, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, additional, Rakgokong, Modiehi, additional, Ramos, Helena, additional, Ramsagar, Nastassja, additional, Rau, Cornelius, additional, Riault, Yoann, additional, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, additional, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, additional, Rubanga, Eddie, additional, Rubinga, Baker, additional, Ruklao, Chutima, additional, Runarassamee, Pattira, additional, Saenjum, Chalermpong, additional, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, additional, Saidi, Yacine, additional, Sainz Costa, Talia, additional, Saisaengjan, Chutima, additional, Sakwa, Rebecca, additional, Sarfati, Tatiana, additional, Sbisi, Noshalaza, additional, Scheppers, Dihedile, additional, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, additional, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, additional, Scott, Karen, additional, Seeley, Janet, additional, Serunjogi, Robert, additional, Sewnarain, Leora, additional, Shakeshaft, Clare, additional, Sidhoo, Subashinie, additional, Shibemba, Mercy, additional, Shingadia, Delane, additional, Singh, Sheleika, additional, Sirirungsi, Wasna, additional, Sithebe, Sibongile, additional, Smit, Theresa, additional, Smith, Kurt, additional, Smuts, Marlize, additional, Spyer, Moira, additional, Sripaoraya, Worathip, additional, Srisuk, Warunee, additional, Ssenyonga, Mark, additional, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, additional, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, additional, Tearsansern, Pathanee, additional, Teixeira, Carla, additional, Than-in-at, Kanchana, additional, Thapwai, Thitiwat, additional, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, additional, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, additional, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, additional, Thomason, Margaret, additional, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, additional, Thungkham, Khanungnit, additional, Tikabibamu, Judith, additional, Tinago, Gloria, additional, Trairat, Ketmookda, additional, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, additional, Tukamushaba, Mercy, additional, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, additional, Tumusiime, Julius, additional, Tuna, Joana, additional, Turkova, Anna, additional, Turner, Rebecca, additional, Udomvised, Arttasid, additional, Vadee, Aasia, additional, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, additional, Van Looy, Nadine, additional, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, additional, Vecchia, Giulio, additional, Vowden, Richard, additional, Wampamba, Rebecca, additional, Welch, Steve, additional, Weller, Ian, additional, Weza, Sibusisiwe, additional, White, Ellen, additional, White, Ian, additional, Widuch, Kaja, additional, Wilkes, Helen, additional, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, additional, Wynne, Ben, additional, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, additional, and Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

77. No evidence of HIV replication in children on antiretroviral therapy

Author

Van Zyl, Gert U., Katusiime, Mary Grace, Wiegand, Ann, McManus, William R., Bale, Michael J., Halvas, Elias K., Luke, Brian, Boltz, Valerie F., Spindler, Jonathan, Laughton, Barbara, Engelbrecht, Susan, Coffin, John M., Cotton, Mark F., Shao, Wei, Mellors, John W., and Kearney, Mary F.

Subjects
Pediatric HIV infections -- Genetic aspects -- Drug therapy, Antiretroviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Virus replication -- Health aspects, Health care industry
Abstract

It remains controversial whether current antiretroviral therapy (ART) fully suppresses the cycles of HIV replication and viral evolution in vivo. If replication persists in sanctuary sites such as the lymph nodes, a high priority should be placed on improving ART regimes to target these sites. To investigate the question of ongoing viral replication on current ART regimens, we analyzed HIV populations in longitudinal samples from 10 HIV-1-infected children who initiated ART when viral diversity was low. Eight children started ART at less than ten months of age and showed suppression of plasma viremia for seven to nine years. Two children had uncontrolled viremia for fifteen and thirty months, respectively, before viremia suppression, and served as positive controls for HIV replication and evolution. These latter 2 children showed clear evidence of virus evolution, whereas multiple methods of analysis bore no evidence of virus evolution in any of the 8 children with viremia suppression on ART. Phylogenetic trees simulated with the recently reported evolutionary rate of HIV-1 on ART of 6 x [10.sup.-4] substitutions/site/month bore no resemblance to the observed data. Taken together, these data refute the concept that ongoing HIV replication is common with ART and is the major barrier to curing HIV-1 infection., Introduction Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is known to suppress viremia and prolong survival of HIV-1-infected individuals but does not eliminate the HIV reservoirs that cause viral rebound after treatment is stopped. [...]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

78. Cross-cultural assessment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment using the Kaufman assessment battery for children: a systematic review

Author

van Wyhe, Kaylee S., van de Water, Tanya, Boivin, Michael J., Cotton, Mark F., and Thomas, Kevin G.F.

Subjects
Cognitive disorders -- Diagnosis, HIV infections -- Psychological aspects, Health status indicators -- Evaluation, Health
Abstract

Introduction: Despite improved efficacy of, and access to, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), HIV-associated cognitive impairments remain prevalent in both children and adults. Neuropsychological tests that detect such impairment can help clinicians formulate effective treatment plans. The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC), although developed and standardized in the United States, is used frequently in many different countries and cultural contexts to assess paediatric performance across various cognitive domains. This systematic review investigated the cross-cultural utility of the original KABC, and its 2nd edition (KABC-II), in detecting HIV-associated cognitive impairment in children and adolescents. Methods: We entered relevant keywords and MeSH terms into the PubMed, PsycInfo, EBSCOHost, ProQuest, and Scopus databases, with search limits set from 1983-2017. Two independent reviewers evaluated the retrieved abstracts and manuscripts. Studies eligible for inclusion in the review were those that (a) used the KABC/KABC-II to assess cognitive function in children/adolescents aged 2-18 years, (b) featured a definition of cognitive impairment (e.g. >2 SD below the mean) or compared the performance of HIV-infected and uninfected control groups, and (c) used a sample excluded from population on which the instruments were normed. Results and discussion: We identified nine studies (eight conducted in African countries, and one in the United Kingdom) to comprise the review's sample. All studies detected cognitive impairment in HIV-infected children, including those who were cART-naive or who were cART treated and clinically stable. KABC/KABC-II subtests assessing simultaneous processing appeared most sensitive. Evaluation of the methodological quality of the selected studies by two independent reviews suggested that shortcomings included reporting and selection biases. Conclusions: This systematic review provides evidence for the cross-cultural utility of the KABC/KABC-II, particularly the simultaneous processing subtests, in detecting cognitive impairment in HIV-infected children (including those who are clinically stable). Although the current results suggest there is justification for using the KABC/KABC-II primarily in East Africa, further investigation is required to explore the instrument's utility in other HIV-prevalent regions of the globe. Keywords: cognitive impairment; cross-cultural; HIV; Kaufman assessment battery for children; paediatric; systematic review, Introduction Recent global estimates suggest that 3.2 million children under 15 years of age are living with HIV. Ninety-one per cent (more than 2.9 million) of those children reside in [...]

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

88. Once-daily dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in infants and children living with HIV from age 4 weeks: results from the below 14 kg cohort in the randomised ODYSSEY trial

Author

Amuge, Pauline, primary, Lugemwa, Abbas, additional, Wynne, Ben, additional, Mujuru, Hilda A, additional, Violari, Avy, additional, Kityo, Cissy M, additional, Archary, Moherndran, additional, Variava, Ebrahim, additional, White, Ellen, additional, Turner, Rebecca M, additional, Shakeshaft, Clare, additional, Ali, Shabinah, additional, Nathoo, Kusum J, additional, Atwine, Lorna, additional, Liberty, Afaaf, additional, Bbuye, Dickson, additional, Kaudha, Elizabeth, additional, Mngqibisa, Rosie, additional, Mosala, Modehei, additional, Mumbiro, Vivian, additional, Nanduudu, Annet, additional, Ankunda, Rogers, additional, Maseko, Lindiwe, additional, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, additional, Giaquinto, Carlo, additional, Rojo, Pablo, additional, Gibb, Diana M, additional, Turkova, Anna, additional, Ford, Deborah, additional, Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, additional, Abraham, Pattamukkil, additional, Abrams, Elaine, additional, Acero, Judith, additional, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, additional, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, additional, Ainebyoona, Barbara, additional, Akobye, Winnie, additional, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, additional, Akoojee, Nazim, additional, Ali, Shabinah S., additional, Amuge, Pauline, additional, Andrea, Catherine, additional, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, additional, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, additional, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, additional, Apollo, Tsitsi, additional, Arendze, Ronelle, additional, Ategeka, Juliet, additional, Atim, Eunice, additional, Babiker, Abdel, additional, Babirye, Sarah, additional, Babu, Enock, additional, Bagirigomwa, Edward, additional, Baita, Angella, additional, Balamusani, David, additional, Baliram, Patsy, additional, Baliruno, David, additional, Ball, Colin, additional, Balwa, Henry, additional, Bamford, Alasdair, additional, Bandi, Srini, additional, Barker, Dominique, additional, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, additional, Begum, Shazia, additional, Behuhuma, Osee, additional, Bernays, Sarah, additional, Besigye, Rogers, additional, Bester, Maria, additional, Bhiri, Joyline, additional, Bilardi, Davide, additional, Bird, Kristien, additional, Bollen, Pauline, additional, Borg, Chiara, additional, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, additional, Brown, Jackie, additional, Bruno, Elena, additional, Bunupuradah, Torsak, additional, Burger, David, additional, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, additional, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, additional, Byaruhanga, Africanus, additional, Calvert, Joanna, additional, Casey, Petronelle, additional, Cassim, Haseena, additional, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, additional, Chailert, Sanuphong, additional, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, additional, Chamjamrat, Wanna, additional, Chan, Man, additional, Chandiwana, Precious, additional, Chankun, Thannapat, additional, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, additional, Chanto, Nuttawut, additional, Chidziva, Ennie, additional, Chikowore, Minenhle, additional, Chimanzi, Joy, additional, Chinwong, Dujrudee, additional, Chitongo, Stuart, additional, Chitsamatanga, Moses, additional, Choga, Joshua, additional, Chutima, Duangrat, additional, Clayden, Polly, additional, Coelho, Alexandra, additional, Colbers, Angela, additional, Compagnucci, Alexandra, additional, Constança Mendes, Ana, additional, Conway, Magda, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Crawley, Jane, additional, Cressey, Tim R., additional, Crisp, Jacky, additional, Matos, Ana Cristina, additional, Dadan, Sumaya, additional, Daglish, Jacqui, additional, Danaviah, Siva, additional, Daniel, Tseleng, additional, De Rossi, Anita, additional, Denjanta, Sukanda, additional, Dobbels, Els, additional, Dowie, Maria, additional, Dube, Prosper, additional, Dube, Benedictor, additional, Dudakia, Nimisha, additional, Elwana, Alice, additional, Epalza, Cristina, additional, Eram, David, additional, Erasmus, Juan, additional, Erim, Peter, additional, Escosa Garcia, Luis, additional, Essack, Zaakirah, additional, Estepa, Carolina, additional, Etima, Monica, additional, Fernandes, Alexandre, additional, Fernandez, Maite, additional, Fitzgerald, Felicity, additional, Flynn, Jacquie, additional, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, additional, Foster, Caroline, additional, Fourie, George, additional, Fourie, Yolandie, additional, Foxall, Sophie, additional, Frank, Derusha, additional, Gandhi, Kate, additional, Garcia, India, additional, Gartner, Kathleen, additional, Gasa, Joshua, additional, Gasa, Gugu, additional, Gibb, Diana M., additional, Gomez Rico, Coral, additional, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, additional, Gondo, Secrecy, additional, Goodman, Anna, additional, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, additional, Gozhora, Winnie, additional, Greetanukroh, Pisut, additional, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, additional, Grossele, Tiziana, additional, Gwande, Shamiso, additional, Gwaze, Tapiwa, additional, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, additional, Hakim, James, additional, Hakiza, Emmanuel, additional, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, additional, Harley, Ashley, additional, Isaacs, Mornay, additional, Isabirye, Richard, additional, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, additional, Jacobs, Tom, additional, Jafta, Lungile, additional, Jamil, Nasir, additional, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, additional, Jeaven, Vinesh, additional, Mellado Peña, Maria José, additional, Jourdain, Gonzague, additional, Juliet, Katabalwa, additional, Jumpimai, Thidarat, additional, Junkaew, Raungwit, additional, Jupimai, Thidarat, additional, Kaahwa, Winfred, additional, Kabasonga, Mildred, additional, Kaboggoza, Olivia, additional, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, additional, Kaewbundit, Ampika, additional, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, additional, Kafufu, Bosco, additional, Kakayi, Brenda, additional, Kamboua, Phakamas, additional, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, additional, Kasangaki, Gladys, additional, Kasipong, Naruporn, additional, Kasozi, Miriam, additional, Kataike, Hajira, additional, Katemba, Chrispus, additional, Kekane, Nkata, additional, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R., additional, Keminyeto, Edridah, additional, Khamduang, Woottichai, additional, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, additional, Khamkon, Jiraporn, additional, Khannak, Sasipass, additional, Khatngam, Orapin, additional, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, additional, Khumalo, Busi, additional, Khunene, Mirriam, additional, Khusuwan, Suwimon, additional, Kibalama, Phionah, additional, Kibenge, Robinah, additional, Kirabira, Anthony, additional, Kityo, Cissy M., additional, Kiyimba, Lameck, additional, Klein, Nigel, additional, Klinprung, Soraya, additional, Kobbe, Robin, additional, Kobusingye, Olivia, additional, Kobusungye, Josephine, additional, Kongponoi, Areerat, additional, Königs, Christoph, additional, Koole, Olivier, additional, Kouakam, Christelle, additional, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, additional, Kruenual, Namthip, additional, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, additional, Kyambadde, Raymonds, additional, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, additional, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, additional, Kyomukama, Erinah, additional, Lakha, Reshma, additional, Langa, Cleopatra, additional, Laomanit, Laddawan, additional, Lebotsa, Emily, additional, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, additional, Lekku, Lawrence, additional, Lensen, Sarah, additional, Leroy, Valériane, additional, Li, Jin, additional, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, additional, Little, Emma, additional, Lutalo, Ezra, additional, Jimenez, Jose Luis, additional, Lyall, Hermione, additional, MacDonald, Candice, additional, Machache, Gladness, additional, Madlala, Penelope, additional, Madonsela, Tryphina, additional, Maduna, Nomfundo, additional, Maena, Joel, additional, Mahanontharit, Apicha, additional, Makanga, Collin, additional, Makola, Candice, additional, Makumbi, Shafic, additional, Malgraaf, Lucille, additional, Mamiane, Angelous, additional, Mantkowski, Felicia, additional, Mapfumo, Wendy, additional, Marques, Laura, additional, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, additional, Masienyane, Tshepiso, additional, Mathiba, Ruth, additional, Matimba, Farai, additional, Mawlana, Sajeeda, additional, Mayanja, Emmanuel, additional, Mayat, Fatima, additional, Mbabazi, Ritah, additional, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, additional, Mbasani, Faith, additional, McClaughlin, Kathleen, additional, McIlleron, Helen, additional, Meethaisong, Watchara, additional, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, additional, Miwanda, Annet, additional, Miranda, Carlota, additional, Mkhize, Siphiwe, additional, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, additional, Mohamed, Fatima, additional, Moloantoa, Tumelo, additional, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, additional, Montero, Samuel, additional, Moore, Cecilia L., additional, Mosia, Rejoice, additional, Moyo, Columbus, additional, Mthethwa, Mumsy, additional, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, additional, Mudzviti, Tawona, additional, Mujuru, Hilda, additional, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, additional, Mukanganiki, Trust, additional, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, additional, Mulder, Mark, additional, Mulima, Disan, additional, Mulindwa, Alice, additional, Mupambireyi, Zivai, additional, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, additional, Murungi, Herbert, additional, Murungu, Dorothy, additional, Musarurwa, Sandra, additional, Musiime, Victor, additional, Musiime, Alex V., additional, Musisi, Maria, additional, Musoke, Philippa, additional, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, additional, Musoro, Godfrey, additional, Musumba, Sharif, additional, Mustafa, Sobia, additional, Mutsai, Shirley, additional, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, additional, Naabalamba, Mariam, additional, Nagawa, Immaculate, additional, Naidoo, Allemah, additional, Nakabuye, Shamim, additional, Nakabuye, Sarah, additional, Nakalanzi, Sarah, additional, Nalubwama, Justine, additional, Nalugo, Annet, additional, Nalusiba, Stella, additional, Namajja, Clementine, additional, Namanda, Sylvia, additional, Namayanja, Paula, additional, Nambi, Esther, additional, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, additional, Namukwaya, Stella, additional, Namuli, Florence, additional, Namusanje, Josephine, additional, Namwanje, Rosemary, additional, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, additional, Nankunda, Charity, additional, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, additional, Nannungi, Maria, additional, Nansamba, Winnie, additional, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, additional, Nanyonjo, Juliet, additional, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, additional, Nasaazi, Claire, additional, Nascimento, Helena, additional, Nastouli, Eleni, additional, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, additional, Nathoo, Kusum, additional, Natuhurira, Ian, additional, Nazzinda, Rashidah, additional, Ncgaba, Thabisa, additional, Ndigendawani, Milly, additional, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, additional, Nentsa, Georgina, additional, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, additional, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, additional, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, additional, Ngwaru, Pia, additional, Nhema, Ruth, additional, Ninsiima, Emily, additional, Ninsiima, Gloria, additional, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, additional, Noguera Julian, Antoni, additional, Nolan, Monica, additional, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, additional, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, additional, Nsirim, Eniola, additional, Nundlal, Rashina, additional, Nunes, Rosita, additional, Nyantsa, Lungile, additional, Nyati, Mandisa, additional, O'Riordan, Sean, additional, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, additional, Odoch, Denis, additional, Oguntimehin, Rachel, additional, Ojok, Martin, additional, Onen, Geoffrey, additional, Orange, Wilma, additional, Ounchanum, Pradthana, additional, Ouma, Benson, additional, Padrao, Andreia, additional, Pako, Deborah, additional, Parker, Anna, additional, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, additional, Patel, Reena, additional, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, additional, Petpranee, Turian, additional, Phillips, Tasmin, additional, Philps, Jackie, additional, Picault, Laura, additional, Pieterse, Sonja, additional, Pinheiro, Helena, additional, Pongprapass, Supawadee, additional, Pozniak, Anton, additional, Prendergast, Andrew, additional, Prieto Tato, Luis, additional, Puangmalai, Patcharee, additional, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, additional, Rakgokong, Modiehi, additional, Ramos, Helena, additional, Ramsagar, Nastassja, additional, Rau, Cornelius, additional, Riault, Yoann, additional, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, additional, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, additional, Rubanga, Eddie, additional, Rubinga, Baker, additional, Ruklao, Chutima, additional, Runarassamee, Pattira, additional, Saenjum, Chalermpong, additional, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, additional, Saidi, Yacine, additional, Sainz Costa, Talia, additional, Saisaengjan, Chutima, additional, Sakwa, Rebecca, additional, Sarfati, Tatiana, additional, Sbisi, Noshalaza, additional, Scheppers, Dihedile, additional, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, additional, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, additional, Scott, Karen, additional, Seeley, Janet, additional, Serunjogi, Robert, additional, Sewnarain, Leora, additional, Sidhoo, Subashinie, additional, Shibemba, Mercy, additional, Shingadia, Delane, additional, Singh, Sheleika, additional, Sirirungsi, Wasna, additional, Sithebe, Sibongile, additional, Smit, Theresa, additional, Smith, Kurt, additional, Smuts, Marlize, additional, Spyer, Moira, additional, Sripaoraya, Worathip, additional, Srirompotong, Ussanee, additional, Srisuk, Warunee, additional, Ssenyonga, Mark, additional, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, additional, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, additional, Tearsansern, Pathanee, additional, Teixeira, Carla, additional, Than-in-at, Kanchana, additional, Thapwai, Thitiwat, additional, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, additional, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, additional, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, additional, Thomason, Margaret, additional, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, additional, Thungkham, Khanungnit, additional, Tikabibamu, Judith, additional, Tinago, Gloria, additional, Trairat, Ketmookda, additional, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, additional, Tukamushaba, Mercy, additional, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, additional, Tumusiime, Julius, additional, Tuna, Joana, additional, Turner, Rebecca, additional, Udomvised, Arttasid, additional, Vadee, Aasia, additional, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, additional, Van Looy, Nadine, additional, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, additional, Vecchia, Giulio, additional, Vowden, Richard, additional, Waalewijn, Hylke, additional, Wampamba, Rebecca, additional, Welch, Steve, additional, Weller, Ian, additional, Weza, Sibusisiwe, additional, White, Ian, additional, Widuch, Kaja, additional, Wilkes, Helen, additional, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, additional, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, additional, Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, additional, and Zuidewind, Peter, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

89. Antiretroviral choice and severe disease predict poorer neuropsychological outcomes in HIV+ children from Africa

Author

Fairlie, Lee, primary, Chernoff, Miriam, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, additional, Violari, Avy, additional, Familiar-Lopez, Itziar, additional, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, additional, Kamthunzi, Portia, additional, McCarthy, Katie, additional, Jean-Philippe, Patrick, additional, Laughton, Barbara, additional, Palumbo, Paul E., additional, and Boivin, Michael J., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

90. The Impact of Interventions to Prevent Neonatal Healthcare-associated Infections in Low- and Middle-income Countries: A Systematic Review

Author

Fitzgerald, Felicity C, Zingg, Walter, Chimhini, Gwendoline, Chimhuya, Simbarashe, Wittmann, Stefanie, Brotherton, Helen, Olaru, Ioana D, Neal, Samuel R, Russell, Neal, da Silva, André Ricardo Araujo, Sharland, Mike, Seale, Anna C, Cotton, Mark F, Coffin, Susan, Dramowski, Angela, Fitzgerald, Felicity C, Zingg, Walter, Chimhini, Gwendoline, Chimhuya, Simbarashe, Wittmann, Stefanie, Brotherton, Helen, Olaru, Ioana D, Neal, Samuel R, Russell, Neal, da Silva, André Ricardo Araujo, Sharland, Mike, Seale, Anna C, Cotton, Mark F, Coffin, Susan, and Dramowski, Angela

Abstract

BACKGROUND Clinically suspected and laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infections are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality during neonatal care. The most effective infection prevention and control interventions for neonates in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) are unknown. AIM To identify effective interventions in the prevention of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections in LMIC neonatal units. METHODS Medline, PUBMED, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, EMBASE and PsychInfo (January 2003 to October 2020) were searched to identify studies reporting single or bundled interventions for prevention of bloodstream infections in LMIC neonatal units. RESULTS Our initial search identified 5206 articles; following application of filters, 27 publications met the inclusion and Integrated Quality Criteria for the Review of Multiple Study Designs assessment criteria and were summarized in the final analysis. No studies were carried out in low-income countries, only 1 in Sub-Saharan Africa and just 2 in multiple countries. Of the 18 single-intervention studies, most targeted skin (n = 4) and gastrointestinal mucosal integrity (n = 5). Whereas emollient therapy and lactoferrin achieved significant reductions in proven neonatal infection, glutamine and mixed probiotics showed no benefit. Chlorhexidine gluconate for cord care and kangaroo mother care reduced infection in individual single-center studies. Of the 9 studies evaluating bundles, most focused on prevention of device-associated infections and achieved significant reductions in catheter- and ventilator-associated infections. CONCLUSIONS There is a limited evidence base for the effectiveness of infection prevention and control interventions in LMIC neonatal units; bundled interventions targeting device-associated infections were most effective. More multisite studies with robust study designs are needed to inform infection prevention and control intervention strategies in low-resource neonatal units.

Published
2022

94. Multisystem impairment in South African adolescents with Perinatally acquired HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Author

Frigati, Lisa J., Brown, Karryn, Mahtab, Sana, Githinji, Leah, Gray, Diane, Zühlke, Liesl, Nourse, Peter, Stein, Dan J., Hoare, Jaqueline, Cotton, Mark F., Myer, Landon, and Zar, Heather J.

Subjects
Chronic diseases -- Risk factors -- Demographic aspects, Teenagers -- Health aspects, Youth -- Health aspects, HIV infection -- Demographic aspects -- Care and treatment -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV) are at risk of chronic disease due to long‐standing immune suppression, HIV disease and antiretroviral therapy (ART) exposure. However, there are few data on multisystem disease in this population. We investigated the overlapping burden of neurocognitive, cardiovascular, respiratory and/or renal impairment among PHIV positive (PHIV+) adolescents. Methods: In this cross‐sectional analysis, participants aged 9 to 14 years on ART for >6 months were recruited from seven sites across Cape Town from July 2013 through March 2015, together with age‐matched HIV‐negative (HIV‐) adolescents. Impairment at enrolment was assessed across neurocognitive functioning (using the youth‐International HIV Dementia Scale); cardiac function (echocardiogram abnormality); respiratory function (abnormal spirometry) and renal function (abnormal glomerular filtration rate). Results and Discussion: Overall, 384 PHIV+ and 95 HIV‐ adolescents were included (mean age, 11.9 years; 49% female). Median age of ART initiation was 4.2 years (IQR: 1.7 to 7.6) and median CD4 count was 709 (IQR: 556 to 944) with 302 (79%) of PHIV+ adolescents virologically suppressed. Abacavir and Zidovudine were the most commonly used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) with 60% of adolescents on non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) and 38% on a protease inhibitor (PI). Among PHIV+ adolescents, 167 (43.5%) had single system impairment only, 110 (28.6%) had two systems involved, and 39 (10.2%) had three or four systems involved. PHIV+ participants had more 2‐system and 3‐system impairment than HIV‐, 110 (28.6%) versus 17 (17.9%), p = 0.03 and 39 (10.2%) versus 3 (4.3%), p = 0.03. PHIV+ participants who had failed a year of school (73.8% vs. 46.4%, p = 0.00) and with a viral load >1000 copies/mL at enrolment (16.8% vs. 8.1%, p = 0.03) were more likely to have dual or multisystem impairment. Of those with cardiac impairment, 86.7% had an additional system impaired. Similarly, in those with neurocognitive impairment, almost 60% had additional systems impaired and of those with respiratory impairment, 74% had additional systems impaired. Conclusions: Despite relatively early ART initiation, there is a substantial burden of multisystem chronic impairment among PHIV+ adolescents. This phenomenon needs to be further explored as this population ages and begins to engage in adult lifestyle factors that may compound these impairments., Introduction There are 2.1 million adolescents aged 10 to 19 years living with HIV, the majority of whom live in sub‐Saharan Africa and have perinatally acquired infection. This population is [...]

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

95. HIV-1 DNA decay is faster in children who initiate ART shortly after birth than later

Author

Veldsman, Kirsten A., Rensburg, Anita, Isaacs, Shahieda, Naidoo, Shalena, Laughton, Barbara, Lombard, Carl, Cotton, Mark F., Mellors, John W., and Zyl, Gert U.

Subjects
HIV infection in children -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes, Antiviral agents -- Dosage and administration, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: There is limited data in children on whether persistence of HIV‐1 infected cells is affected by age at initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), its duration or any subsequent ART interruption. We therefore investigated the effects of both age of ART initiation and duration of ART interruption on HIV‐1 DNA decay in children. Methods: We investigated HIV‐1 DNA decay in three groups of children on ART: Group‐1 (n = 7) started uninterrupted ART within eight days of life; Group‐2 (n = 8) started uninterrupted ART at a median of five months of age; and Group‐3 (n = 23) started ART at a median age of 1.8 months for either 40 or 96 weeks, then interrupted ART (median of seven months), and restarted ART based on CD4 count and clinical criteria. Total HIV‐1 DNA was assayed using a sensitive HIV‐1 subtype C‐adapted quantitative PCR for integrase. The duration of ART was square root transformed to fit the observed slowing of HIV‐1 DNA decay rate. For each group, point estimates for decay rates were determined after six months of continuous suppressive ART in groups 1 and 2 or six months after restarting ART in Group‐3. Groups‐2 and 3 were combined using a mixed effect regression model to investigate covariates of HIV‐1 DNA decay rate. Results and Discussion: At six months of continuous suppressive ART, the HIV‐1 DNA t½ (95% CI) was shorter in Group‐1 (n = 7): 2.7 months (2.1 to 3.8), than 9.2 months (7.4 to 12.1) in Group‐2 (n = 8); and 9.6 months (7.6 to 12.6) in Group‐3 (n = 23) (p < 0.01). In multivariable analyses, HIV‐1 DNA before treatment (p < 0.001) and the change in HIV‐1 DNA during interruption (p < 0.01) were independent predictors of slower HIV‐1 DNA decay. Conclusions: These data suggest that ART initiation within the first week of life can reduce the persistence of long‐lived infected cells. Delaying ART is associated with slower decay of infected cells., Introduction ART initiation during early stages of HIV‐1 infection, Fiebig I‐IV, in adults and in the first six months of life in children is associated with lower levels of persistent [...]

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

96. Evaluation of Tuberculosis Diagnostics in Children: 2. Methodological Issues for Conducting and Reporting Research Evaluations of Tuberculosis Diagnostics for Intrathoracic Tuberculosis in Children. Consensus From an Expert Panel

Author

Cuevas, Luis E., Browning, Renee, Bossuyt, Patrick, Casenghi, Martina, Cotton, Mark F., Cruz, Andrea T., Dodd, Lori E., Drobniewski, Francis, Gale, Marianne, Graham, Stephen M., Grzemska, Malgosia, Grzemska, Malgorzata, Heinrich, Norbert, Hesseling, Anneke C., Huebner, Robin, Jean-Philippe, Patrick, Kabra, Sushil Kumar, Kampmann, Beate, Lewinsohn, Deborah, Li, Meijuan, Lienhardt, Christian, Mandalakas, Anna M., Marais, Ben J., Menzies, Heather J., Montepiedra, Grace, Mwansambo, Charles, Oberhelman, Richard, Palumbo, Paul, Russek-Cohen, Estelle, Shapiro, David E., Smith, Betsy, Soto-Castellares, Giselle, Starke, Jeffrey R., Swaminathan, Soumya, Wingfield, Claire, and Worrell, Carol

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

98. Multimodal magnetic resonance neuroimaging measures characteristic of early cART ‐treated pediatric HIV : A feature selection approach

Author

Khobo, Isaac L., primary, Jankiewicz, Marcin, additional, Holmes, Martha J., additional, Little, Francesca, additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Laughton, Barbara, additional, van der Kouwe, Andre J. W., additional, Moreau, Allison, additional, Nwosu, Emmanuel, additional, Meintjes, Ernesta M., additional, and Robertson, Frances C., additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

99. Host transcriptomic signatures of tuberculosis can predict immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV patients

Author

Mbandi, Stanley Kimbung, primary, Painter, Hannah, additional, Penn‐Nicholson, Adam, additional, Toefy, Asma, additional, Erasmus, Mzwandile, additional, Hanekom, Willem A., additional, Scriba, Thomas J., additional, Lai, Rachel P.J., additional, Marais, Suzaan, additional, Fletcher, Helen A., additional, Meintjes, Graeme, additional, Wilkinson, Robert J., additional, Cotton, Mark F., additional, Pahwa, Savita, additional, Cameron, Mark J., additional, and Nemes, Elisa, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

100. Population pharmacokinetics of ethambutol in African children: a pooled analysis

Author

Tikiso, Tjokosela, primary, McIlleron, Helen, additional, Abdelwahab, Mahmoud Tareq, additional, Bekker, Adrie, additional, Hesseling, Anneke, additional, Chabala, Chishala, additional, Davies, Geraint, additional, Zar, Heather J, additional, Rabie, Helena, additional, Andrieux-Meyer, Isabelle, additional, Lee, Janice, additional, Wiesner, Lubbe, additional, Cotton, Mark F, additional, and Denti, Paolo, additional

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results