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The extreme dry and hot 2015/16 El Niño episode caused large losses in tropical live aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks. Followed by climatic conditions conducive to high vegetation productivity since 2016, tropical AGC are expected to recover from large losses during the El Niño episode; however, the recovery rate and its spatial distribution remain unknown. Here, we used low‐frequency microwave satellite data to track AGC changes, and showed that tropical AGC stocks returned to pre‐El Niño levels by the end of 2020, resulting in an AGC sink of 0.180.140.26$$ {0.18}_{0.14}^{0.26} $$ Pg C year−1 during 2014–2020. This sink was dominated by strong AGC increases (0.610.490.84$$ {0.61}_{0.49}^{0.84} $$ Pg C year−1) in non‐forest woody vegetation during 2016–2020, compensating the forest AGC losses attributed to the El Niño event, forest loss, and degradation. Our findings highlight that non‐forest woody vegetation is an increasingly important contributor to interannual to decadal variability in the global carbon cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is one of the most intensively studied combinatorial optimisation problems for which numerous models and algorithms have been proposed. To tackle the complexities, uncertainties and dynamics involved in real-world VRP applications, Machine Learning (ML) methods have been used in combination with analytical approaches to enhance problem formulations and algorithmic performance across different problem solving scenarios. However, the relevant papers are scattered in several traditional research fields with very different, sometimes confusing, terminologies. This paper presents a first, comprehensive review of hybrid methods that combine analytical techniques with ML tools in addressing VRP problems. Specifically, we review the emerging research streams on ML-assisted VRP modelling and ML-assisted VRP optimisation. We conclude that ML can be beneficial in enhancing VRP modelling, and improving the performance of algorithms for both online and offline VRP optimisations. Finally, challenges and future opportunities of VRP research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flywheel energy storage technology has attracted more and more attention in the energy storage industry due to its high energy density, fast charge and discharge speed, long service life, clean and pollution-free characteristics. It is wwidely used in uninterruptible power system, grid frequency modulation, energy recovery and reuse and other fields. With the development of flywheel rotor materials, motors, bearings and control technology, flywheel energy storage technology has been greatly developed. Introducing the basic structure of the flywheel energy storage system in the above three applications. Typical charge-discharge control strategies are given for the three sensor-less algorithms of model reference adaptive control, sliding mode observer andextended Kalman filter, which are suitable for flywheel energy storage devices.

Objective: We tested an integrated model of three prominent theories of disordered eating (tripartite influence theory, objectification theory, and social comparison theory) in a sample of older Chinese men and women. Method: Chinese older men (n = 270) and women (n = 160) completed questionnaires assessing the tripartite influence, objectification, and social comparison theories and thinness‐ and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Two structural equation models were tested in Chinese older men and women. Results: The integrated model showed good model fit and described meaningful variance in thinness‐ and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Chinese older men and women. Higher appearance pressures were uniquely related to higher muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in men. Across both gender groups, higher thinness internalization was uniquely related to higher thinness‐ and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, and in women only, higher muscularity internalization was uniquely related to lower thinness‐oriented disordered eating. In men, higher upward and downward body image comparisons were uniquely related to higher and lower, respectively, muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. In women, higher upward body image comparisons were only uniquely related to higher muscularity‐oriented disordered eating while higher downward body image comparisons were uniquely related to both outcomes. Higher body shame was uniquely related to higher thinness‐oriented disordered eating across both groups and in men alone, higher body shame was also uniquely related to higher muscularity‐oriented disordered eating. Discussion: Findings, which tested the integration of tripartite influence, objectification, and social comparison theories, inform the prevention and treatment of disordered eating in Chinese older populations. Public Significance: The present study is the first to describe theories of disordered eating (tripartite influence, objectification, and social comparison) in Chinese older adults. Findings suggested good model fit and the integrated models described meaningful variance in thinness‐ and muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Chinese older women and men. Findings extend existing theories of disordered eating and, pending further study, may inform theory‐driven prevention and treatment approaches in Chinese older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]