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The rare-earth ferromagnet Nd3Ru4Al12 has Curie temperature TC= 39 K and crystallizes in the hexagonal Gd3Ru4Al12-type structure (space group P63/mmc), which is a non-caged structure. A previous measurement of the elastic moduli has shown an upturn around 10 K in the temperature dependence of the longitudinal modulus C33. The upturn is not caused by any phase transition. To investigate the origin of the upturn in Nd3Ru4Al12, we have measured the temperature dependence of C33 at various ultrasonic frequencies. The temperature of the upturn increases with increasing ultrasonic frequency indicating the ultrasonic dispersion, and it does not change under applied magnetic fields. These results suggest that the upturn originates from the rattling effect at one of the aluminium sites in the crystal structure. Assuming a Debye-type relaxation for the elastic modulus and an Arrhenius-type relaxation time for the rattling, the activation energy was estimated as E = 115 K and the relaxation time as Ƭ0 = 1.5 x 10-13s.

The rare earth compound DyNiAl shows ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phase transitions at TC = 30 K and T1 = 15 K, respectively. Elastic properties of DyNiAl have been investigated by means of ultrasonic spectroscopy. The transverse elastic modulus C44 shows an elastic softening below 60 K and exhibits a bend at TC. The softening continues down to T1 and an elastic hardening is observed below T1. The softening above TC is well reproduced by Curie-Weiss-type equation including a quadrupole interaction. A quadrupole-quadrupole coupling constant obtained from C44 is negative, suggesting an antiferroquadrupolar-type interaction between quadrupoles Oyz or Ozx.

The distorted kagome lattice compound Nd3Ru4Al12 shows a ferromagnetic phase transition at TC =39 K. Reduced Nd magnetic moments with two different values of 2.66 and 0.95 µB are aligned along the c-axis below TC. It was previously reported that a crystal electric field (CEF) effect may affect the reduced magnetic moments. To clarify the 4f -electronic state in Nd3Ru4Al12, we performed CEF analyses for the inverse magnetic susceptibility and magnetization. We proposed the CEF level scheme of which the inverse magnetic susceptibilities along both a- and c-axes are reproduced. The ferromagnetic phase transition at TC along the c-axis can be explained by a simple CEF model. In contrast, reduced magnetic moments cannot be understood by the simple CEF model, because calculated magnetization curves are quite larger than the experimental data.

We present a broadband bendable THz camera, composed of a free-standing carbon nanotube film array, which is intended for an built-in infrastructure sensor. As advantages over conventional solid-state THz sensors, our bendable THz camera can be fabricated through simple and low-cost processes and can simplify optical/electrical measurement systems, which enables us to mount the sensor on objects regardless of their shapes, sizes, and locations. We demonstrate the use of our novel THz camera for real-time nondestructive imaging of industrial products, indicating possibilities of one of the powerful components such as built-in/wearable THz sensors for future imaging and remote sensing.

One of the issues on future terahertz (THz) imaging applications is the realization of ubiquitous measurements regardless of the locations, shapes and sizes of inspection objects. For this purpose we previously developed flexible THz imaging devices based on carbon nanotube (CNT) films that exhibits high absorption ratio in broadband frequency region. Here, by utilizing the newly designed CNT film flexible THz imagers, we report on novel type of multi-view THz imaging methods, which enabled us to fully visualize both the whole outer and inner surface of cylindrical industrial products including electrical lines and gas pipes.

Terahertz (THz) imaging is expected to become powerful tools for non‐destructive inspections. To ensure the practical use of THz non‐destructive monitoring, versatile THz imagers with adjustable designs that can eliminate the complexities and the bulkiness of the device are urgently required. Herein, a self‐aligned filtration process for a 2D, free‐standing carbon nanotube film array and its application to a THz video camera patch are reported. The presented techniques enable a) to freely design the camera size, sensor array pattern, and suspended shape according to its applications, b) to cut the camera patch into desired shapes, and c) to attach them to the objects that are intended to be measured. Real‐time, non‐destructive monitoring of various infrastructures is demonstrated. These results indicate that it can function regardless of restrictions, such as the shapes and locations of the measurement samples, thus providing a strong possibility for use in future non‐destructive sensor networks.

This paper describes the development of auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display with an eye-tracking system for not only the X-axis (right–left) and Y-axis (up–down) plane directions but also the Z-axis (forward–backward) direction. In the past, the eye-tracking 3D system for the XY-axes plane directions that we had developed had a narrow 3D viewing space in the Z-axis direction because of occurrence of 3D crosstalk variation on screen. The 3D crosstalk variation on screen was occurred when the viewer's eye position moved back and forth along the Z-axis direction. The reason was that the liquid crystal (LC) barrier pitch was fixed and the LC barrier was able to control the only barrier aperture position. To solve this problem, we developed the LC barrier that is able to control the barrier pitch as well as the barrier aperture position in real time, corresponding to the viewer's eye position. As a result, the 3D viewing space has achieved to expand up to 320–1016 mm from the display surface in the Z-axis direction and within a range of ±267 mm in the X-axis direction. In terms of the Y-axis direction, the viewing space is not necessary to be considered, because of a stripe-shaped parallax barrier.

As flexible wearable sensors and imagers are receiving attention from diverse social sectors, the freely attachable photothermoelectric (PTE) conversion technique should be evaluated to develop a highly usable safety sensor network. Although carbon nanotube (CNT)‐related materials should be effective, the key parameters/structures that maximize PTE conversion have not been clarified, thus hindering optimum device design and practical use. Herein, the flexible, sensitive broadband photodetection operation based on a coupling configuration between the CNT film photo/heat/electron channel and metal electrode is evaluated. Experimental PTE measurements and steady‐state thermal distribution simulations reveal that a series coupling of a p‐type CNT film channel and a highly negative Seebeck coefficient counter metal electrode facilitate superior photodetection performances than those of a parallel coupling configuration. Furthermore, subsequent device designs provide sensitive broadband photodetection from the millimeter‐wave to visible light wavelength regions with a minimum noise equivalent power of 5 pWHz−1/2 in an uncooled nonvacuum condition. Simultaneously, the mechanical flexibility of the proposed photodetector allows for its use in freely attachable sheet imager applications on curvilinear objects, and the nondestructive 3D photomonitoring of a defective intricately bent sample is demonstrated.

Introduction The medial tibial stress syndrome is one of the most common causes of running-related injuries. The primary study objective was to observe the attachment proportion of flexor digitorum longus and soleus, at the most common location of medial tibial stress syndrome, using ultrasonography, on a large cohort of young males and females to evaluate for gender-based anatomical differences. The secondary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the anatomical features and medial tibial stress syndrome. Methods In this study, we observed whether or not flexor digitorum longus and/or soleus attached at the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia (most common location of medial tibial stress syndrome) using ultrasonography. History of medial tibial stress syndrome was defined by inquiries. Results The Chi2 tests showed that the attachment proportion of the soleus in female participants was significantly higher than that observed in male participants. In addition, Chi2 testing showed that there were no significant differences between attachment proportion of soleus of legs with history of medial tibial stress syndrome and legs without history of medial tibial stress syndrome, in both male and female participants. Conclusions These results suggested that the anatomical features of flexor digitorum longus might be involved in medial tibial stress syndrome development, whereas the anatomical features of the soleus might not be involved in medial tibial stress syndrome development. Level of evidence III, cross-sectional study.

We report on a real-time one-dimensional medicine inspection with a carbon nanotube (CNT) terahertz (THz) scanner. On the basis of different THz transmittance of medicines, we demonstrated in-line identification of different types of medicine pills. The bendable feature of the CNT scanner is expected to lead to multi-view examinations in the future, enabling more accurate whole surface imaging.

This paper presents highly flexible terahertz (THz) detectors based on single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films. Based on detection mechanism of the photothermoelectric effect, the effective Seebeck coefficient between the SWNT film and the electrode metal is a key parameter for sensitive THz detection. We proposed and demonstrated that the effective Seebeck coefficient was increased by employing the combination with the electrode in series, and achieved raising the sensitivity of THz detection. Particularly utilizing metals (nickel, bismuth) with negative Seebeck coefficient for the series electrode led to the sensitivity enhancement by a factor of 17 times compared to conventional parallel combination.

We are developing a micro satellite, Kanazawa-SAT 3 , to be launched in FY2019. The main purpose of the mission is to localize X-ray transients coincide with gravitational wave events, e.g. short gamma-ray bursts, and to investigate the formation of extreme space-time of black holes and the origin of relativistic jet. We are developing a wide field X-ray imaging detector as a mission instrument. It has a couple of 1-dimensional imaging systems with a random coded aperture mask and silicon strip detectors. In this paper, we introduce the mission overview and the current status of Kanazawa-SAT 3 and the flight model performance.

Galectins are a family of lectins characterized by their carbohydrate recognition domains containing eight conserved amino acid residues, which allows the binding of galectin to β-galactoside sugars such as Galβ1–4GlcNAc. Since galectin–glycan interactions occur extracellularly, recombinant galectins are often used for the functional analysis of these interactions. Although it is relatively easy to purify galectins via affinity to Galβ1–4GlcNAc using affinity adsorbents such as asialofetuin–Sepharose, it could be difficult to do so with mutated galectins, which may have reduced affinity towards their endogenous ligands. However, this is not the case with Caenorhabditis elegans galectin LEC-6; binding to its endogenous recognition unit Galβ1–4Fuc, a unique disaccharide found only in invertebrates, is not necessarily affected by point mutations of the eight well-conserved amino acids. In this study, we constructed mutants of mouse galectin-1 carrying substitutions of each of the eight conserved amino acid residues (H44F, N46D, R48H, V59A, N61D, W68F, E71Q, and R73H) and examined their affinity for Galβ1–4GlcNAc and Galβ1–4Fuc. These mutants, except W68F, had very low affinity for asialofetuin–Sepharose; however, most of them (with the exception of H44F and R48H) could be purified using Galβ1–4Fuc–Sepharose. The affinity of the purified mutant galectins for glycans containing Galβ1–4Fuc or Galβ1–4GlcNAc moieties was quantitatively examined by frontal affinity chromatography, and the results indicated that the mutants retained the affinity only for Galβ1–4Fuc. Given that other mammalian galectins are known to bind Galβ1–4Fuc, our data suggest that immobilized Galβ1–4Fuc ligands could be generally used for easy one-step affinity purification of mutant galectins.

Terahertz (THz) wave detectors are increasingly expected to serve as key components of powerful nondestructive and noncontact inspection tools in a large variety of fields. In contrast to conventional THz detectors based on rigid solid materials, we previously developed an uncooled and bendable THz camera based on the THz-induced photothermoelectric effect of carbon nanotube (CNT) array devices and demonstrated omnidirectional THz imaging of three-dimensional curved samples. Although this development opened a pathway to flexible THz electronics, the physical parameters that determine the performance of the CNT THz camera have not been fully investigated. As a result, the thermal device design has not been optimized in terms of the camera sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this work, we studied the underlying mechanism of the THz-induced photothermoelectric effect of the CNT camera and found physical factors related to the detector performance. Through simulation and experiments, we observed that the detection sensitivity and response time strongly depend on the CNT channel width and film thickness. We further identified that the irradiated wave penetration into the CNT film through the electrode materials deteriorates the detection area, which is directly linked to the camera spatial resolution. By utilizing the improved CNT device design fabricated based on these findings, we eliminated undesired signals generated via thermal diffusion and THz wave penetration and achieved higher-sensitivity THz detection and higher imaging resolution compared to our previously reported THz camera. The presented technologies are expected to contribute to future flexible THz imaging applications and will also be applicable to other types of photothermoelectric devices.

Background: Globally about 30% of adult women and 40% of children are exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS) from active smokers. SHS exposure of pregnant women has been associated with postpartum depression. Unexposed women in pregnancy had lower rates of postpartum depression than women exposed to SHS. This systematic review aimed to determine the association of depressive symptoms and exposure to SHS in nonsmoking pregnant women. Method: The case-controlled, cross-sectional, and cohort studies with a comparison group were included. Studies including women who had smoking history during pregnancy were excluded. The comprehensive electronic databases, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Medline were searched. Result: Of the 2777 records screened, seven studies were included in the review for data extraction. The bias of studies was assessed using the RoBANS. We synthesized two studies that showed depressive symptoms at any time during pregnancy and postpartum significantly increased (ORs = 1.77 [95% CI = 1.12 – 2.79]; p = 0.01; I2 = 28%, 4103 women, two studies), and significantly increased the odds of antenatal suicidal ideation in SHS exposed women (ORs = 1.75 [95% CI = 1.14 – 2.70]; p = 0.01; I2 = 51%, 2670 women, two studies). Lack of studies from counties with the highest smoking rates was a limitation. Conclusions: SHS exposure during pregnancy showed a significant increase in the odds of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, research is required to clarify to association between SHS and depression.

The increasing interest in mobile and wearable technology demands the enhancement of functionality of clothing through incorporation of sophisticated architectures of multifunctional materials. Flexible electronic and photonic devices based on organic materials have made impressive progress over the past decade, but higher performance, simpler fabrication, and most importantly, compatibility with woven technology are desired. Here we report on the development of a weaved, substrateless, and polarization-sensitive photodetector based on doping-engineered fibers of highly aligned carbon nanotubes. This room-temperature-operating, self-powered detector responds to radiation in an ultrabroad spectral range, from the ultraviolet to the terahertz, through the photothermoelectric effect, with a low noise-equivalent power (a few ${\mathrm{nW}/\mathrm{Hz}}^{1/2}$) throughout the range and with a $ZT$-factor value that is twice as large as that of previously reported carbon nanotube-based photothermoelectric photodetectors. Particularly, we fabricated a $\ensuremath{\sim}1$-m-long device consisting of tens of ${p}^{+}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{p}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ junctions and weaved it into a shirt. This device demonstrated a collective photoresponse of the series-connected junctions under global illumination. The performance of the device did not show any sign of deterioration through 200 bending tests with a bending radius smaller than 100 $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ as well as standard washing and ironing cycles. This unconventional photodetector will find applications in wearable technology that require detection of electromagnetic radiation.

By utilizing a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) in mid-infrared (mid-IR) region, we studied nanoscale optical and thermal properties of the nanoporous graphene, that is an emerging type of carbon material. Nanoscale IR images revealed that the strained graphene near the nanopores emits less heat radiation, suggesting different absorption mechanism. The present findings provide an interesting possibility of applying this material to high-performance thermal devices such as energy harvester and IR and terahertz devices.

We are planning to launch a micro satellite, Kanazawa-SAT3 , at the end of FY2018 to localize X-ray transients associated with gravitational wave sources. Now we are testing a prototype model of wide-field Xray imaging detector named T-LEX (Transient Localization EXperiment). T-LEX is an orthogonally distributed two sets of 1-dimensional silicon strip detectors with coded aperture masks, and covers more than 1 steradian field of view in the energy range of 1 – 20 keV. Each dimension has 512 readout electrodes (totally 1,024 channels), and they are read out with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) controlled by two onboard FPGAs. Moreover, each FPGA calculates the cross correlation between the X-ray intensity and mask patterns every 64 msec, makes a histogram of lightcurves and energy spectra, and also plays a role of telemetry/command interface to mission CPU. In this paper, we report an overview of digital electronics system. Especially, we focus on the high-speed imaging processor on FPGA and demonstrate its performance as an X-ray imaging system.

In spite of wide applications of terahertz (THz) imaging in non-destructive and non-contact inspections, conventional flat camera technologies suffer from a difficulty in imaging samples with three-dimensional curvatures. Here we report on a flexible and wearable THz imager with carbon nanotube films, which has allowed omnidirectional imaging of non-flat samples. We also obtained higher spatial resolution by a factor of 10 by eliminating undesired signals from electrodes. Our multi-view THz scan technology without bulky and complicated systems is expected to be powerfully utilized for a high-speed inspection method.

Introduction The medial tibial stress syndrome is one of the most common causes of running-related injuries. The primary study objective was to observe the attachment proportion of flexor digitorum longus and soleus, at the most common location of medial tibial stress syndrome, using ultrasonography, on a large cohort of young males and females to evaluate for gender-based anatomical differences. The secondary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the anatomical features and medial tibial stress syndrome. Methods In this study, we observed whether or not flexor digitorum longus and/or soleus attached at the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia (most common location of medial tibial stress syndrome) using ultrasonography. History of medial tibial stress syndrome was defined by inquiries. Results The chi-square tests showed that the attachment proportion of the soleus in female participants was significantly higher than that observed in male participants. In addition, chi-square testing showed that there were no significant differences between attachment proportion of soleus of legs with history of medial tibial stress syndrome and legs without history of medial tibial stress syndrome, in both male and female participants. Conclusions These results suggested that the anatomical features of flexor digitorum longus might be involved in medial tibial stress syndrome development, whereas the anatomical features of the soleus might not be involved in medial tibial stress syndrome development. Level of clinical evidence III, cross sectional study.

In this paper a 12.2-inch 1920 × RGBW × 720 prototype LCD for automotive use which integrates an in-cell touch panel is described with some electrical and electro-optical characteristics. In addition, the prototype of a curved-faced and non-rectangular form of this cited LCD is described.

We have developed polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-modified liposomes (Bubble liposomes; BLs) that entrap ultrasound (US) contrast gas, and we have reported that the combination of BLs and US exposure was an effective tool for delivering pDNA and siRNA in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we prepared pDNA-loaded BLs using three types of cationic lipids to enhance the US imaging effect and the transfection efficiency via systemic injection. We investigated the US imaging abilities of these BLs, their protective effects on pDNA from serum component, and their transfection effects in vitro and in vivo. As a result, we demonstrated that the US imaging ability and transfection effect varied with lipid component and that p-BLs containing DSDAP could be the most stable and effective tool the among three types of p-BLs. Indeed, in ischemic muscle, p-BLs containing DSDAP could be detected using diagnostic US and could deliver bFGF-expressing pDNA using therapeutic US, leading to the induction of angiogenic factors and the improvement of blood flow. These results suggest that combining p-BLs with US exposure may be useful for stable US imaging and efficient gene delivery and may lead to the establishment of a theranostic approach, which is a combination of disease diagnosis and therapy.

We report on a carbon nanotubes (CNTs) terahertz (THz) detector based on photothermoelectric effect. We achieved room temperature THz detection, and found that photothermoelectric effect of CNTs, as a THz detected signal, strongly depended on electrode metals, revealing a detailed mechanism of THz responses occurring at the interface between CNTs and electrodes. This result provides a strong possibility for practical use of THz imaging.

Recently, the stable supply of electric power is indispensable. The GCB (Gas Circuit Breaker) can prevent the spread of the fault current. However, it should have the reliability more. Therefore, the GCB has been researched for performance improvement of the arc interruption of abnormal fault current without the fail. Therefore, it is important to prevent the breakdown such as the re-ignition and thermal re-ignition of arc after the arc interruption. It is necessary to reduce the arc conductance in order to prevent the re-ignition of arc. The arc conductance is derived from the temperature distribution and the volume of the arc. The temperature distribution of the arc is formed by convection. In this research, the arc conductance and flow velocity affected by wall radius of wall-stabilized arc are elucidated. The flow rate and temperature distribution of the arc is calculated with changing the wall radius. In addition, the arc conductance is calculated in order to know the extinguish arc ability. As a result, when the wall radius decreases, the axial flow velocity increases. Therefore, the arc temperature and the arc conductance was decreased.

In holographic femtosecond laser processing, diffractive parallel pulses are distorted by phase discontinuities and mutual interference between the neighborhoods in the reconstructed image of a Fourier computer-generated hologram when the interval is smaller than the beam diameter. We investigated holographic fabrication on a glass surface using parallel pulses with different intervals. We found the closest parallel pulses with sufficient separation to avoid mutual interference in holographic femtosecond laser processing. The minimum interval was 2.8 times larger than the diffracted beam diameter. The experimental results were also supported by a computer simulation. Our findings will be very useful in the design of holographic laser processing systems.

Mild-pressure hyperbaric therapy (mHBT) has become increasingly popular among elite athletes and most recently among the general public yet there is very little scientific underpinnings on its therapeutic use. In this study, fifteen healthy volunteers (8 men, 7 women, mean age 29.7 ± 8.1 years) were exposed to 1.3 atmospheres absolute (ATA) for 40 minutes in a mild hyperbaric chamber called “Oasis O2” to determine the effect of ambient air at 1.3 ATA on oxidative stress, antioxidant potential, fatigue, and blood chemistry. Reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), an index of oxidative stress, significantly reduced by 11% (p = 0.006), while biological antioxidant potential (BAP), an index of antioxidant capacity, did not show a significant change (p = 0.749). WBC count significantly reduced by 10.4% (p = 0.005) whereas WBC differential did not show a marked change. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) score for fatigue significantly decreased from 5.0 to 2.1 (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that mild-pressure hyperbaric therapy reduces oxidative stress as indicated by a significant decrease in serum ROM, and also helps improve fatigue as seen by a significant decrease in VAS fatigue scores.

We report a design for terahertz (THz) detection by introducing strain to an area of a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) film. The strain is achieved by bending the film around the center, and a large THz response is measured at the two photo-thermoelectric junctions created on the edges of the strained area. We attribute the THz response to an increase in the Seebeck coefficient of the SWNT film with strain, which gives rise to the photo-thermoelectric effect. The enhanced thermal performance is verified on a macroscopic scale using Non-Equilibrium Green’s Function approach for SWNT networks.

Top Japanese sprinters were evaluated for their physical condition, autonomic function, blood chemistry, differential leukocyte count and blood lactate level before and after short, maximal exercise to explore methods of quantifying their conditioning level. Statistical analysis of data obtained before and 10 min after exercise were used to estimate the athletes’ autonomic capacity during recovery. Pre and post exercise variances in differential leukocyte count revealed strong correlations between neutrophil and sympathetic activity, and lymphocyte and parasympathetic activity. The results of the study demonstrated significant alterations in autonomic parameters and differential white blood cell count in response to maximal exercise.

Imaging technologies based on terahertz (THz) waves have great potential for use in powerful non-invasive inspection methods. However, most real objects have various three-dimensional curvatures and existing THz technologies often encounter difficulties in imaging such configurations, which limits the useful range of THz imaging applications. Here, we report the development of a flexible and wearable THz scanner based on carbon nanotubes. We achieved room-temperature THz detection over a broad frequency band ranging from 0.14 to 39 THz and developed a portable THz scanner. Using this scanner, we performed THz imaging of samples concealed behind opaque objects, breakages and metal impurities of a bent film and multi-view scans of a syringe. We demonstrated a passive biometric THz scan of a human hand. Our results are expected to have considerable implications for non-destructive and non-contact inspections, such as medical examinations for the continuous monitoring of health conditions. A flexible and wearable terahertz scanner based on carbon nanotubes is demonstrated at room temperature over a frequency range 0.14 THz to 39 THz. The terahertz photothermoelectricity is enhanced by using different electrode materials.

New charge-transfer salts based on an unsymmetrical donor DMET [dimethyl(ethylenedithio)diselenadithiafulvalene] and metal halide anions (DMET)4MIICl4(TCE)2 (M = Mn, Co, Cu, Zn; TCE = 1,1,2-trichloroethane) have been synthesized and characterized by transport and magnetic measurements. The crystal structures of the DMET salts are isostructural, consisting of a quasi-one-dimensional stack of DMET and insulating layers containing metal halide anions and TCE. Semimetallic band structures are calculated by the tight-binding approximation. Metal-insulator transitions are observed at TMI = 25, 15, 5-20, and 13 K for M = Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn, respectively. The M = Cu salt exhibits anisotropic conduction at ambient pressure, being semiconducting in the intralayer current direction but metallic for the interplane current direction, down to T(MI). The metal-insulator transitions are suppressed under pressure. In the M = Co and Zn salts, large magnetoresistances with hysteresis are observed at low temperatures, on which Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are superposed above 30 T. In the M = Cu salt, no hysteresis is observed but clear Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations are observed. The magnetoresistance is small and monotonic in the M = Mn salt. Paramagnetic susceptibilities of the spins of the magnetic ions are observed for the M = Mn, Co, and Cu salts with small negative Weiss temperatures of approximately 1 K. In the nonmagnetic M = Zn salt, Pauli-like pi-electron susceptibility that vanishes at TMI is observed. The ground state of the pi-electron system is understood as being a spin density wave state caused by imperfect nesting of the Fermi surfaces. In this pi-electron system, the magnetic ions of the M = Mn, Co, and Cu salts interact differently, exhibiting a variety of transport behaviors.

The silicon-containing thermosetting polymer, poly [(phenylsilylene) ethynylene-1, 3-phenyleneethynylene] (abbreviated as MSP), was hybridized with metal oxides, such as SiO2, TiO2, Al2O3 or B2O3 by a blending and sol-gel methods. Amorphous silicon containing carbon obtained by pyrolyzing MSP at 1000°C showed higher oxidation-resistance than the commercial amorphous carbon. The carbon-silicon-B2O3 hybrids (B2O3 8%) obtained by pyrolyzing the molding sample of MSP/B2O3 at 1000°C showed much higher oxidation-resistance than the carbon derived from MSP.

We propose a volumetric display based on holographic parallel optical access and two-photon excitation using a computer-generated hologram displayed on a liquid crystal spatial light modulator and a multilayer fluorescent screen. The holographic parallel optical access increased the number of voxels of the volumetric image per unit time. This approach increased the total input energy to the volumetric display, that is, the total fluorescence power, because the maximum energy incident at a point in the multilayer fluorescent screen is limited by the damage threshold. The multilayer fluorescent screen was newly developed to display colored voxels. The thin layer construction of the multilayer fluorescent screen minimized the axial length of the voxels. A volumetric display with only blue-green voxels and a volumetric display with both blue-green and red voxels were demonstrated.

We report low temperature electronic properties of a newly synthesized organic conductor (DMET) 2 CuCl 2 , consisting of stacks of DMET molecules constructing a quasi-one-dimensional Fermi surface. Superconductivity transition below 0.8 K is found, which is suppressed by a small magnetic field of 0.1 T. Under magnetic fields, successive step-like anomalies of magnetoresistance and plateau-like Hall resistance with sign reversals are found, indicating the occurrence of field-induced spin density wave (FISDW) transitions. The angular-dependent magnetoresistance and thermopower are measured in order to clarify the quasi-one-dimensional electronic structure.

Recently, the stable supply of electric power is indispensable in a power generation, and a transmission and distribution system of electric power. Therefore, many researchers have researched abnormal phenomenon of power system which is obstacle to the power transmission and distribution. The GCB (Gas Circuit Breaker) has been researched for performance improvement of the arc interruption of abnormal fault current without the fail. The GCB has been researched for the high capacity and downsizing for development of practical use. Because the power network is expanded, the capacity of interruption current increased for reliability. The GCB should interrupt the arc of high current and voltage, shorten the time to interrupt, and become the high capability in order to improve the reliability and practicability. It is important to prevent the insulation of re-ignition and thermal re-ignition of arc after the arc interruption. It is mainly considered that the factor of thermal re-ignition is the arc temperature distribution at current zero. It is considered that the joule heating is related to the formation of the temperature distribution. The joule heating depends on electrical field. The electrical field is affected by the electrical conductivity and current radius at base current. Therefore, it is considered to be determined by the electrical conductivity and current radius of arc with various current decrement ratio is calculated by using the electromagnetic thermal field (EMTF) simulation in the case of rod-plate gap model. As a result, the electrical conductivity and current radius increases with increasing the current decrement ratio. This reason is the temperature increases, and the electrical conductivity as a function of the temperature increases a lot when the transient time is short at the current zero. Therefore, the electrical field decreases after the current decrement.

Elongation of distance measurement based on two-photon detection was achieved by using a lock-in amplifier. The multiple reflection points in an optical fiber distributed at 1 km to 30 km away was successfully identified.