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The article deals with the digitization of a collection of stereographic glass slides, provenance unknown, and the description of the slides using the few clues available. From the handful of slides that are dated it would seem that the date range is circa 1907 to 1912. Subjects include both the French colonial troops as well as local Malagasy inhabitants. The challenges of using correct and helpful terminology are mentioned.

A group of fittings, including dry drug drawers and delft jars, from a Winchester pharmacy are described. Their contents are classified into the materia medica, artists’ materials, and proprietary medicines, and the list is compared with contemporary published formularies. Their likely provenance and date range is discussed.

To avoid Income and Expense calculations and in the same manner to remind a person, we develop an android application which may helpful in all the situations and it can be installed in our android phones. It help us to remind and add some information that what are the income comes from other persons and what are all the expenses or payments we have to pay in specific date or month. In expense tracker we have categories like add expense, expenses of each month, add new expense, view categories of expenses, export expenses in a date range, remove export files, view categories wise expenses.

De situ Dunelmi, also known simply as Durham, is an Old English poem of twenty-one lines describing the city of Durham, particularly its abundant wildlife and its equally plentiful holy relics.1 It has been called a simple 'class-room assignment' in poetic composition,2 but more recent scholarship has revealed its great precision of language and complex use of word-play.3 In addition to this literary interest, its historical context lends the poem great significance. It is generally thought to have been written to commemorate the translation of St Cuthbert's remains to the new cathedral at Durham in 1104, and has thus been referred to as 'our latest specimen of classical OE verse'.4 In fact, its editor has dated it to some time between 1104 and 1109,5 making it a rare example of Old English poetry written after the Norman Conquest. Unfortunately, the situation is not quite as straightforward as that, and both limits of that date range have since been called into question, leaving us with the rather unsatisfyingly broad range of perhaps most of the eleventh century.6 Thankfully, however, new evidence based on word-play suggests that the 1104 x 1109 dating may not actually be far off, and can be accepted with only minor adjustment.The linguistic evidence is inconclusive, and provides only a broad indication of the poem's date of composition. It is generally thought to represent one of the latest stages in the development of the Northumbrian dialect before the language could no longer truly be called Old English.7 It has several late Anglian features such as the loss of initial hbefore a consonant, the confusion of e and a in end syllables, the loss of inflectional -n in words such as 'deope' (line 8), 'clene' (line 11), and 'eadige' (line 18), among others.8 Furthermore, it exhibits the final stage in the development of the spelling of OE a before a nasal in the Anglian dialects; although the original West Germanic a before a nasal was preserved in Late West Saxon, it had a tendency to become 0 in Mercian and Northumbrian. This change was already beginning in the age of Bede, who used a and 0 in equal proportions. In the tenth-century glosses to the Lindisfarne Gospels, 0 is used with few exceptions, and it is used exclusively in Durham? The poem's language therefore seems to indicate that it was written some time in the late eleventh or early twelfth century,10 but we cannot be more precise than that without further study.It thus falls to the historical evidence to provide greater precision. The Anglo- Norman historian Symeon of Durham makes clear and indisputable reference to the poem in his history of the church of Durham, the Libellus de exordio atque procursu istius, hoc est Dunhelmensis, ecclesie, which thus provides a terminus ante quern for Durham. David Rollason has shown that Symeon's work must have been produced sometime between 1104 and 1115, a slight revision of earlier scholarly opinion which had dated it to between 1104 and 1109.11 It is therefore possible that the poem was written as late as 1115.The terminus post quern is more problematic, and it is this issue upon which new evidence can provide useful insight. Much of the poem is devoted to a list of relics held by the community at Durham, among them those of Cuthbert, Oswald, and Bede. This matches the remains described in accounts of the translation of St Cuthbert in 1104,12 and most scholars have assumed that the poem was thus written after, or indeed on, that occasion.13 However, H. S. Offler righdy pointed out that this is not necessarily the case, as all of the relics mentioned had been in the community's possession since the removal of Bede's remains to the site from Jarrow by an act of furta sacra in the first half of the eleventh century.14 Indeed, the acquisition of Bede's relics at that time is as likely to have provided inspiration for the poem's composition as Cuthbert's translation more than half a century later. Offler's was the last scholarly word on the date of the poem, and while more recent work has sometimes ignored or dismissed his reservations,15 no one has direcdy addressed them. …

The writer points out some useful considerations for using the PubMed “Publication Date” field in bibliometric studies involving post-2000 publications, calling for careful construction of search queries to identify and exclude instances of duplicate counts across year boundaries in order to minimize the impact. The data that we reported were not affected by these factors. In our study, the date range search feature was used to obtain the aggregated volume of publication for each country over the years 1995 to 2004. Because PubMed does not report duplicate records in a retrieval set, the fact that a paper can indeed carry two different publication dates, if e-publication and print publication years are different, did not affect the counts. The writer also notes different results when using the limit feature versus entering a publication date directly into the search box. This is documented in the PubMed Help, which explains that the electronic publication date is not searchable if it is later than the print date, except when range searching. The limit feature in fact employs a date range search, which will include the relatively few records for which the e-publication date is later than the print publication date, the situation referred to in the letter as “the reverse also occurs, but apparently to a far lesser extent.” To double-check our data, we reran the searches using the range feature versus including each year individually in the search strategy, and the results were the same for both methods.

Patents are important sources for the development of any technology. The paper addresses modern methods of access to patent publications relating to musical acoustics, in particular the constructions of instruments and components for instruments, methods for tuning, methods for teaching, and measuring equipment. The patent publications available are, among others, from the U.S., England, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, and the date range is from ca. 1880 to the present day. The two main searchable websites use different classification systems in their approach, and by suitable combination of the information it is possible to target the search efficiently. The paper will demonstrate the recent transfer of inventions relating to physical instruments to electronic simulations, and the fact that most recent inventions were made by independent inventors. A specific example is given by discussing the proposals for improved pipe organ and violin constructions invented in Denmark in the 1930s by Jarnak based on p...

Excavations in the 1960s and 1970s on the acropolis of Halieis in the southern Argolid revealed material of Final neolithic through Early Helladic I in deposits dating to the Archaic through Classical periods. Post-prehistoric building activities have disturbed any originally in situ prehistoric deposits. The Halieis ceramics are later than those from the nearby Franchthi cave, but compare well with ceramics collected from the surrounding region by the Southern Argolid Survey. A single radiocarbon date derived from shell yields a marine-corrected date range in the 4th millennium B.C.

Recent excavations in St. Augustine, Florida, have yielded new data with respect to Spanish majolica. A number of 18th century majolica types occur much later in St. Augustine than in other parts of Florida. Previous studies of majolica (Goggin 1968) do not include data from domestic sites in St. Augustine. Careful stratigraphic control indicates that Goggin’s majolica dates are skewed approximately 20-25 years earlier than the majolica recovered from St. Augustine (Bonath 1975; Deagan 1974). New dates of manufacture have been assigned to several types on the basis of sherds recovered from closed proveniences of First Spanish Period (1565-1763) context at the Geronimo de Hita site in St. Augustine. The presence of plain creamware was used (Deagan 1975a) to determine a terminus post quern of 1755 for the First Spanish Period proveniences. Certain types of majolica within these proveniences were found consistently in association with mid-18th century British wares that would provide termini post quem in the date range of 1740-1745 for those majolica types. These stratigraphic dates have been further verified through the application of documentary information, South’s (1972, 1974) mean ceramic date formula and Binford’s (1962) mean pipestem dating formula. Each of these supplementary dating methods has been applied to five north Florida Spanish-Colonial sites in an effort to support the new majolica dates by testing South’s majolica model with the mean ceramic date formula.

SummaryField plot experiments were carried out for 3 years at four sites to study the effect of date of application of ammonium nitrate/calcium carbonate (CAN) and urea (U) on perennial ryegrass production in spring. Fertilizer (70 kg N/ha) was applied at weekly intervals for 10 weeks from 1 February. Herbage was cut on the same day at all sites, 3–4 weeks after the last N application. CAN and U at 50 kg N/ha were immediately re-applied and a second cut of herbage was taken after 4–5 weeks. From meteorological data, the dates after 1 February when soil temperature at 100 mm depth increased to 5·5 °C and the dates when cumulative average daily air temperatures < 0 °C from 1 January reached 200 °C were calculated for each site and year.The date of application for maximum dry matter (D.M.) yield at the first cut differed with site and year, but for 11 of the 12 site/years was in February. The number of dates of application resulting in optimum yield (i.e. at least 90% of the average maximum yield response to CAN or U) varied also with site and year from one to six. Soil and air temperature predictive systems implied a precision in choice of application date that was unjustified and were no more successful at predicting the optimum application date than a simple date range. The first fertilizer application had a pronounced positive residual effect on D.M. yields at the second cut. Less precision on date of the first application was required to obtain optimum cumulative yields over both cuts than optimum yield at the first cut only.Differences in performance between CAN and U were only significant for three of the 120 fertilizer applications at the first cut. On these occasions, all in one year at two sites, U gave higher yields than CAN. Correlations were sought between D.M. yield response and growth period, air temperature, long-term rainfall and short-term rainfall for CAN and U separately. Factors relating to rainfall had no significant effect on response to U but response to CAN showed a significant negative correlation with short-term rainfall. The short-term weather forecast may therefore be another criterion to be considered in deciding when to apply N in early spring.