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a pesquisa que se delineia nas linhas a seguir tem por objetivo investigar a possível subversão da ideia de desenvolvimento sustentável provocada pelo Marketing atual, sobretudo aquele voltado à ideia de sociedade de consumo no seio do capitalismo atual. Como prática discursiva que é, o Marketing, ao apropriar-se do discurso ambiental, rotulando produtos com o intuito de atrair clientela, acaba por subverter o próprio sentido do desenvolvimento sustentável, prática que se convencionou denominar deGreenwashing. Para tanto, inicialmente demonstra-se a evolução do movimento ambiental, do desenvolvimento sustentável e sua relação intrínseca com o Capitalismo. Posteriormente, a identificação de Capitalismo e sua atual percepção na sociedade para, ao final, analisar a prática discursiva mercadológica atual como contradição performática entre as duas searas de estudo, demonstrando-se uma forte retórica existente ao redor da ideia de sustentabilidade. Como método de análise, elegeu-se a perspectiva dedutiva, baseada em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental.

The physiological mechanisms underlying variation in aggression in fish remain poorly understood. One possibly confounding variable is the lack of standardization in the type of stimuli used to elicit aggression. The presentation of controlled stimuli in videos, a.k.a. video playback, can provide better control of the fight components. However, this technique has produced conflicting results in animal behavior studies and needs to be carefully validated. For this, a similar response to the video and an equivalent live stimulus needs to be demonstrated. Further, different physiological responses may be triggered by live and video stimuli, and it is important to demonstrate that video images elicit appropriate physiological reactions. Here, the behavioral and endocrine responses of male Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens to a matched-for-size conspecific fighting behind a one-way mirror, presented live or through video playback, were compared. The video playback and live stimulus elicited a strong and similar aggressive response by the focal fish, with a fight structure that started with stereotypical threat displays and progressed to overt attacks. Postfight plasma levels of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone were elevated as compared to controls, regardless of the type of stimuli. Cortisol also increased in response to the video images, as previously described for live fights in this species. These results show that the interactive component of a fight and its resolution are not needed to trigger an endocrine response to aggression in this species. The study also demonstrates for the first time in a fish a robust endocrine response to video stimuli and supports the use of this technique for researching aggressive behavior in B. splendens.

A large odontometric reference database is essential for a clear and reliable differentiation between the teeth of dogs and wolves found in archaeological contexts. However, the data compilation of skeletal material is a slow process because access to dog remains may be difficult. The expansion of a dental database could benefit from computed tomography (CT) scans performed on live dogs during medical appointments and archived in veterinary clinics. To enable it, however, the reliability and accuracy of digital measurements must first be validated. This is the main objective of this paper. We tested the accuracy of dental measurements obtained from CT scans of deceased modern dogs and one Mesolithic dog. CT measurements were obtained using multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) (bi-dimensional images) and three-dimensional volume rendering (3D VR), either using bone or soft tissue windows. Then, measurements were compared with data obtained with a conventional caliper (Fischer Darex®, France). The sample comprised 25 maxillary fourth premolars and 17 maxillary canines. Measurements included the mesiodistal length (MDL) and the vestibular palatine width (VPW). Intra- and inter-observer variations were assessed by calculating the technical error of measurement (TEM). This approach was also used to assess the level of agreement between both techniques, complemented by a Bland-Altman analysis. Intra-observer (TEM = 0.52% to 5.98%) and inter-observer variations (TEM = 3.15% to 7.14%) were relatively small for most standard measurements, windows, and CT approaches. In the case of the MPR approach, the soft tissue window provided less observer variation on the fourth premolar; the same occurred for the bone window regarding the canine. The soft tissue window generally provided less observer variation with the VR approach. CT and caliper agreement ranged from 2.89% to 7.31% (MPR), and from 2.92% to 9.42% (3D VR). At least 91% of the CT measurements were within the Bland-Altman 95% confidence interval. We were able to carry out a thorough odontometric study of the Muge dog skull – a specimen dated to the Mesolithic period, using the MPR approach (with both bone and soft tissue windows). Both the MPR and VR CT scan approaches were validated, thus confirming digital data as an alternative way to generate more comprehensive odontometric references.

The true impact of heat-induced changes in human bone regarding their sex estimation has not been comprehensively documented having a potentially negative impact on forensic anthropology. The objective of this paper was to evaluate how heat exposure affects sex estimation based on both morphological and metric features. The study focused in both low-to-medium intensity burns and high intensity burns. Selected sexually dimorphic features were analysed in 51 experimentally burnt skeletons from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection. Bones were burnt to maximum temperatures between 450 °C and 1050 °C achieved after 75 to 257 min. Morphological methods tested in this study comprised the recommendations for hipbone features from Buikstra and Ubelaker (1994) and from Bruzek (2002). On the other hand, metric references tested here were the ones from Wasterlain (2000), Curate et al. (2016) and Goncalves et al. (2013) focused on the humerus, femur, calcaneus and talus. Agreement was tested with Gwet’s AC1 test and was further assessed by calculating the relative amount of perfect agreements. Results demonstrated that heat-induced changes affected not only the scoring of morphological features burnt at high temperatures but also the scoring of features burnt at lower intensities. On the other hand, metric features were only considerably affected in high intensity burns, no major changes being documented for low-to-medium intensity burns. For low-to-medium intensity burns, the Bruzek and Curate et al. methods revealed a better agreement between the pre- and post-burning scores. For high intensity burns, better agreement was obtained by using the Bruzek (2002) and Goncalves et al. (2013) methods. As expected, heat-induced warping, fracture and metric change had a major impact on the pre- and post-observations’ agreement. Contrary to what has been systematically assumed over the years, this impact is also quite substantial in bones burnt at low-to-medium burn intensities so caution is advised during the analysis of this kind of burnt skeletal material.

The Azores Woodpigeon Columba palumbus azorica nested in low altitude forests dominated by native Morella faya, and had an extended breeding season, with high failure rates, particularly during inc...

After the publication of the first article in 2014, 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection, housed in the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Department of Life Sciences at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, has been growing. Currently, the collection is composed of 302 complete adult skeletons of both sexes, which means that in 5 years it has doubled. The collection consists mostly of elderly individuals, with only 12.25% of the individuals aged less than 61 years old. All individuals are Portuguese nationals who died between 1982 and 2012. Ninety individuals exhibit prostheses, other medical devices and signs of surgical procedures. Moreover, a sub-collection of experimentally burned skeletons is under development, and currently includes 56 individuals (18.54% of the collection). The 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection constitutes a fundamental tool for forensic anthropology research, including the development and validation studies of methods that focus on elderly individuals, as can be ascertained by the numerous scientific publications and academic scholarship that have been produced in previous years.

Parents’ Visions and Strategies regarding the Schooling of Sons who are Soccer Trainees. This article describes the schooling strategies utilized by the parents of young (age range 10 – 24) soccer trainees and how these relate to the school itself. The results showed that parents and soccer trainees placed schooling in second place in favor of the sport. Therefore, they sought strategies and schools whose academic obligations were more flexible. Their actions were derived from an idea that schooling had greater time elasticity than sport professionalization. At school, this created tension and stigma regarding the soccer trainees and their parents, and showed that, at the institutional level, both the school and the soccer club were poorly structured for the demands of such a hybrid arrangement. Estratégias e Visões Familiares na Escolarização de Jovens Atletas. O artigo descreve as estratégias de escolarização utilizadas pelas famílias de jovens atletas do futebol e como estas se relacionam com a instituição escolar. Os resultados mostram que as famílias e os atletas secundarizam a escolarização em benefício do futebol. Para isso, buscam estratégias e instituições de ensino que flexibilizam as obrigações escolares. Suas ações partem de uma ideia de que a escolarização possui um tempo mais elástico do que a profissionalização no esporte. Tal concepção cria tensões e estigmas sobre os atletas e suas famílias na escola e evidenciam que, no plano institucional, tanto escola quanto clube estão pouco estruturados para as demandas de uma formação híbrida de estudantes-atletas.

Parents’ Visions and Strategies regarding the Schooling of Sons who are Soccer Trainees. This article describes the schooling strategies utilized by the parents of young (age range 10 – 24) soccer trainees and how these relate to the school itself. The results showed that parents and soccer trainees placed schooling in second place in favor of the sport. Therefore, they sought strategies and schools whose academic obligations were more flexible. Their actions were derived from an idea that schooling had greater time elasticity than sport professionalization. At school, this created tension and stigma regarding the soccer trainees and their parents, and showed that, at the institutional level, both the school and the soccer club were poorly structured for the demands of such a hybrid arrangement., Estratégias e Visões Familiares na Escolarização de Jovens Atletas. O artigo descreve as estratégias de escolarização utilizadas pelas famílias de jovens atletas do futebol e como estas se relacionam com a instituição escolar. Os resultados mostram que as famílias e os atletas secundarizam a escolarização em benefício do futebol. Para isso, buscam estratégias e instituições de ensino que flexibilizam as obrigações escolares. Suas ações partem de uma ideia de que a escolarização possui um tempo mais elástico do que a profissionalização no esporte. Tal concepção cria tensões e estigmas sobre os atletas e suas famílias na escola e evidenciam que, no plano institucional, tanto escola quanto clube estão pouco estruturados para as demandas de uma formação híbrida de estudantes-atletas.

The mechanisms of action of hormones regulating aggression in fish remain poorly understood. One possibly confounding variable is the lack of standardization in the type of stimuli used to elicit aggression. The presentation of controlled stimuli in videos, a.k.a. video playback, can provide better control of the fight components. However, this technique has produced conflicting results in animal behaviour studies and needs to be carefully validated. Here, the response of male Betta splendens to a matched for size conspecific fighting behind a one-way mirror presented live or through video playback was compared. Despite their non-interactive nature, both stimuli elicited a strong aggressive response by focal fish, which started with stereotypical threat displays and progressed to overt attacks. Overall, the frequency and duration of aggressive behaviours and swimming activity were similar towards live and video stimuli. Post-fight plasma levels of the androgen 11-ketotestosterone were elevated as compared to controls, regardless of the type of stimuli. Cortisol also increased in response to the video images, as previously described for interactive live fights in this species. The study shows for the first time in a fish a robust endocrine response to video stimuli and supports the use of this technique for researching aggressive behaviour in B. splendens.

Forensic anthropologists may not always be able to differentiate heat-induced fractures from fractures with other aetiologies, namely sharp force traumas, with clear nefarious impact on medico-legal conclusions. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate if blade chemical traces are transferred to defleshed bone tissue and if they remain there after a burning event. This was accomplished by prompting sharp force traumas in 20 macerated fresh pig ribs with five different instruments, namely a stainless steel knife, an artisanal knife and a ceramic kitchen knife, a small axe and a large axe. Another pig rib was used as control, not being subjected to any trauma. All instruments were probed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to establish the composition of each blade. Bone samples, both pre-burned and post-burned (at 500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C), were then probed by XRF. All sharp force instruments left detectable chemical traces on pre-burned bone, although not in all samples. Furthermore, traces were still detected after experimental burning in most cases. Potentially, XRF can provide relevant information about the aetiology of fractures in burned and unburned bones, although the effect of soft tissues and diagenesis must still be investigated.

New discussions on the ideal parameters for cities have started. It has been noticed the need of recognizing the existing conflicts and legalizing the real city as well as integrating its planning to its management. This new concept assumes that the city is influenced by multiple agents whose actions must be coordinated taking into account the city´s public interest. The principle of Director Plan must be reinforced as the most important tool for municipal urban policy and, as such, an articulator for plans and actions aiming at developing the city. Based on the Democratic Director Plan of the Municipality of Guapó, this work aims to analyze if there is, truly, a convergence between the actions foreseen by the Director Plan and the knowledge produced by popular participation., Iniciam-se novas discussões sobre os parâmetros estabelecidos como ideais para a cidade, vê-se a necessidade de reconhecer os conflitos existentes, legalizar a cidade real e integrar o planejamento e a gestão da cidade. Essa nova concepção vem reconhecer que a cidade é produzida por uma multiplicidade de agentes que devem ter sua ação coordenada que corresponda ao interesse público da cidade. Deve ser reforçada a idéia do Plano Diretor enquanto principal instrumento de política urbana municipal, e como tal, instrumento articulador de planos e ações que visam o desenvolvimento da cidade. Nesse sentido a pesquisa busca analisar, com base no Plano Diretor Democrático do Município de Guapó, se há de fato a convergência entre as ações previstas pelo Plano com o conhecimento produzido pela participação popular.

RESUMO O artigo tem por objetivo descrever e analisar o processo de construção social de uma escola quilombola e seu currículo, identificando atores sociais, processos de agenciamento e disputas de sentido sobre Educação Escolar Quilombola. Apresenta um estudo de caso da Escola Municipal Quilombola Dona Rosa Geralda, no município de São Pedro da Aldeia, Rio de Janeiro, com observações etnográficas e entrevistas realizadas na escola, na comunidade e na Secretaria Municipal de Educação entre os anos de 2017 e 2019. Entre os resultados, destacam-se: a presença de um forte sentido atribuído à escola enquanto agenciadora da identidade comunitária; a apropriação por seus profissionais de elementos discursivos associados aos movimentos negros enquanto resoluções curriculares disponíveis de tradução das políticas de educação quilombola; e a existência de mediações e dilemas que compõem essa experiência e que podem fornecer elementos para uma agenda de pesquisa. RESUMEN El artículo tuve como objetivo describir y analizar el proceso de construcción social de una escuela quilombola y su currículo, identificando actores sociales, procesos de agencia y disputas de significado sobre la Educación Escolar Quilombola. Presenta un estudio de caso en la Escuela Municipal Quilombola Dona Rosa Geralda, en el municipio de São Pedro da Aldeia, Rio de Janeiro, con observaciones etnográficas y entrevistas realizadas en la escuela, en la comunidad y en el Departamento de Educación Municipal, entre 2017 y 2019. Entre los resultados, se destacan: la presencia de un fuerte sentido atribuido a la escuela como agente de identidad comunitaria; la apropiación por parte de sus profesionales de elementos discursivos asociados con el Movimiento Negro como resoluciones curriculares disponibles para la traducción de las políticas educativas quilombolas; y la existencia de mediaciones y dilemas que conforman esta experiencia y que pueden proporcionar elementos para una agenda de investigación. ABSTRACT This article aims to describe and analyze the social construction of a quilombola school and its curriculum, identifying relevant actors, agency processes, and disputes of meaning about Quilombola School Education. It outlines a case study conducted at Dona Rosa Geralda, a Quilombola Municipal School, in the municipality of São Pedro da Aldeia, state of Rio de Janeiro, with ethnographic observations and interviews conducted at the school, in the community, and in the Municipal Department of Education, from 2017 to 2019. Among the results, the following stand out: the existence of a strong meaning attributed to the school as an agency of community identity; the appropriation by its professionals of discursive elements associated with the black movement, as curricular resolutions available for translating quilombola educational policies; and the existence of mediations and dilemmas that make up this experience and that can provide elements for a research agenda.

This article aims to map and analyze the academic output on quilombola school education from 2009 to 2019 by means of a systematic review. The debate’s centrality addresses three issues: differentiated education, identity, and challenges to the implementation of quilombola school education. We conclude that the analyzed output still presents a first wave of demands for quilombola school education as a form of education. It is necessary to launch a second wave, one that investigates and evaluates quilombola school experiences in different contexts and regions so as to inform solutions for concrete problems on the pedagogical and funding aspects of quilombola school education.

The occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is a major issue for marine and coastal environments in the proximity of urban areas. The occurrence of EDCs in the Pearl River Delta region is well documented but specific data related to Macao is unavailable. The levels of bisphenol-A (BPA), estrone (E1), 17α-estradiol (αE2), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) were measured in sediment samples collected along the coastline of Macao. BPA was found in all 45 collected samples with lower BPA concentrations associated to the presence of mangrove trees. Biodegradation assays were performed to evaluate the capacity of the microbial communities of the surveyed ecosystems to degrade BPA and its analogue BPS. Using sediments collected at a WWTP discharge point as inoculum, at a concentration of 2 mg l−1 complete removal of BPA was observed within 6 days, whereas for the same concentration BPS removal was of 95% after 10 days, which is particularly interesting since this compound is considered recalcitrant to biodegradation and likely to accumulate in the environment. Supplementation with BPA improved the degradation of bisphenol-S (BPS). Aiming at the isolation of EDCs-degrading bacteria, enrichments were established with sediments supplied with BPA, BPS, E2 and EE2, which led to the isolation of a bacterial strain, identified as Rhodoccoccus sp. ED55, able to degrade the four compounds at different extents. The isolated strain represents a valuable candidate for bioremediation of contaminated soils and waters.

This study aims to analyse human bones exposed to low/medium temperatures (200–650°C) under experimentally controlled conditions, both oxidizing and reducing, using complementary optical and neutron vibrational spectroscopy techniques. Clear differences were observed between the aerobically and anaerobically heated bones. The organic constituents disappeared at lower temperatures for the former ( ca 300°C), while they lingered for higher temperatures in anaerobic environments ( ca 450–550°C). Unsaturated non-graphitizing carbon species (chars) were detected mainly for anaerobically heated samples, and cyanamide formation occurred only at 650°C in reducing settings. Overall, the main changes were observed from 300 to 400°C in anaerobic conditions and from 450 to 500°C in aerobic environments. The present results enabled the identification of specific spectroscopic biomarkers of the effect of moderate temperatures (less than or equal to 650°C) on human bone, thus contributing to a better characterization of forensic and archaeological skeletal remains subject to heating under distinct environmental settings. In particular, these data may provide information regarding cannibalism or ancient bone boiling and defleshing rituals.

The practice of cremation is often interpreted as an alternative to inhumation, taking place shortly after an individual’s death. However, cremation could be a final stage in complex mortuary practices, with previous steps that are obscured due to the heating process. This project reports on experimental scoping research on a set of experimentally heated femoral fragments from modern and archaeological collections of the University of Coimbra. Sixteen recent femur samples from eight individuals, as well as five femur samples from an archaeological skeleton from the medieval-modern cemetery found at the Hospital de Santo António (Porto), were included in this research. Samples presented five different conditions: unburnt, and burnt at maximum temperatures of 300 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C and 900 °C. Each sample was prepared to allow observation using binocular transmitted light microscopes with ×10, ×25 and ×40 magnifications. Results indicated that, if burial led to bioerosion, this will remain visible despite burning, as could be in cases where cremation was used as a funerary practice following inhumation. From this, we conclude that the observation of bioerosion lesions in histological thin sections of cremated bone can be used to interpret potential pre-cremation treatment of the body, with application possibilities for both archaeological and forensic contexts. However, the effect on bioerosion of substances such as bacterial- or enzymatic-based products often used to accelerate decomposition should be investigated.

Capsule: In comparison to other regions, the Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago in the Azores starts to display earlier and for a longer part of the year, but the laying period, although it starts ea...

The levels of air pollution in Macao often exceeded the levels recommended by WHO. In order for the population to take precautionary measures and avoid further health risks under high pollutant exposure, it is important to develop a reliable air quality forecast. Statistical models based on linear multiple regression (MR) and classification and regression trees (CART) analysis were developed successfully, for Macao, to predict the next day concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and O3. All the developed models were statistically significantly valid with a 95% confidence level with high coefficients of determination (from 0.78 to 0.93) for all pollutants. The models utilized meteorological and air quality variables based on 5 years of historical data, from 2013 to 2017. Data from 2013 to 2016 were used to develop the statistical models and data from 2017 was used for validation purposes. A wide range of meteorological and air quality variables was identified, and only some were selected as significant independent variables. Meteorological variables were selected from an extensive list of variables, including geopotential height, relative humidity, atmospheric stability, and air temperature at different vertical levels. Air quality variables translate the resilience of the recent past concentrations of each pollutant and usually are maximum and/or the average of latest 24-h levels. The models were applied in forecasting the next day average daily concentrations for NO2 and PM and maximum hourly O3 levels for five air quality monitoring stations. The results are expected to be an operational air quality forecast for Macao.

We present the case of a 32-year-old man with a diagnosis of type-III osteogenesis imperfecta who developed a telangiectatic osteosarcoma in the proximal right tibia. An above-knee amputation was performed and after one-year follow-up, pulmonary metastatic lesions were detected on the thoracic CT scan. Palliative chemotherapy was proposed and to date the patient is still living and is under medical treatment. The association between osteogenesis imperfecta and osteosarcoma is rare. There are only ten confirmed reports of this unusual situation, but to our knowledge this is the first case reported with a telangiectatic osteosarcoma arising in this particular setting.

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The landscape of digital games is segregated by player ability. For example, sighted players have a multitude of highly visual games at their disposal, while blind players may choose from a variety of audio games. Attempts at improving cross-ability access to any of those are often limited in the experience they provide, or disregard multiplayer experiences. We explore ability-based asymmetric roles as a design approach to create engaging and challenging mixed-ability play. Our team designed and developed two collaborative testbed games exploring asymmetric interdependent roles. In a remote study with 13 mixed-visual-ability pairs we assessed how roles affected perceptions of engagement, competence, and autonomy, using a mixed-methods approach. The games provided an engaging and challenging experience, in which differences in visual ability were not limiting. Our results underline how experiences unequal by design can give rise to an equitable joint experience., Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure. Manuscript submitted to ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 21)

This study examined preservation of isotope ratio values by comparing isotope composition of bones before and after burning. We analyzed common geoprofiling isotope systems (δ

Complementary optical and neutron-based vibrational spectroscopy techniques (Infrared, Raman and inelastic neutron scattering) were applied to the study of human bones (femur and humerus) burned simultaneously under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, in a wide range of temperatures (400 to 1000 °C). This is the first INS study of human skeletal remains heated in an oxygen-deprived atmosphere. Clear differences were observed between both types of samples, namely the absence of hydroxyapatite’s OH vibrational bands in bone burned anaerobically (in unsealed containers), coupled to the presence of cyanamide (NCNH2) and portlandite (Ca(OH)2) in these reductive conditions. These results are expected to allow a better understanding of the heat effect on bone´s constituents in distinct environmental settings, thus contributing for an accurate characterisation of both forensic and archaeological human skeletal remains found in distinct scenarios regarding oxygen availability.

Lubricant properties of trimethylolpropane trioleate synthetic base oil (TMPTO) were experimentally determined under different temperatures, pressures and rolling-sliding conditions. With the aim to obtain the viscosity-pressure coefficient, density and viscosity measurements were performed up to 150 MPa with a falling-body viscometer and a vibrating tube densimeter, respectively. Film thickness and friction properties were determined with a ball-on-disc apparatus from temperatures of 303.15 to 353.15 K, from slide-roll ratios from 5 to 50% at 50 N (applied load). Finally, it has also been evaluated if the use of nanoparticles as additives could involve changes on film thickness and Stribeck curves of TMPTO base oil. For this aim, hexagonal-boron nitride nanoparticles (h-BN) and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) were used at mass concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 wt%. The viscosity of TMPTO increases from 15 mPa s (at 10 MPa and 353.15 K) to 525 mPa s (at 150 MPa and 303.15 K). The Stribeck curves for TMPTO are placed between elastohydrodynamic and mixed lubrication. All nanolubricants show very similar Stribeck curves, being the lowest friction coefficient obtained for 0.25 wt% of GnP. It has been found that for most of the experimental conditions the addition of the GnP promotes an increase of the film thickness Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, the European Regional Development Fund programme and the Xunta de Galicia have supported this manuscript through ENE2017-86425-C2-2-R, GRC ED431C 2020/10 and ED431E 2018/08 projects. Dr. María J. G. Guimarey acknowledges a postdoctoral fellowship from the Xunta de Galicia (Spain) and the financial support from IACOBUS programme SI

This work studies the performance of three phosphonium-based ionic liquids ([P6,6,6,14][BEHP], [P6,6,6,14][TCM] and [P6,6,6,14][DEC]) when used separately as additives on the thermal conductivity, thermal stability and tribological properties of two non-additised greases (a lithium-based and a calcium-based grease). The main results confirmed that the [P6,6,6,14][TCM] improved the thermal stability of both greases. Only the mixtures G1 + 5%[P6,6,6,14][BEHP] and G2 + 5%[P6,6,6,14][TCM] showed a slight increase in thermal conductivity. In general, the addition of the ILs to the lithium-based grease increased the friction coefficient in both the four-ball tests and the reciprocating tests, while the friction coefficient decreased with the addition of the ILs to the calcium-based grease in the four-ball tests. The addition of the [P6,6,6,14][BEHP] and [P6,6,6,14][TCM] improved the antiwear behavior of the lithium-based grease under both tribological tests, whereas all the ionic liquids worsened the antiwear behavior of the calcium-based grease in the four-ball tests. The [P6,6,6,14][BEHP] had the best antiwear behavior due to the higher interaction of phosphorous with the metal surface. A possible interference of the calcium thickener with the ionic liquid–metal surface interaction was found, resulting in lower antiwear behavior of the mixtures with the calcium-based grease.

Antifriction synergies between an ionic liquid (IL) and nanopowders as additives of an ester base oil were analysed at rolling conditions. For this aim, two nanodispersions based on hybrid combinations of hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles (h-BN) or graphene nanoplatelets (GnP) with tri(butyl) ethylphosphonium diethylphosphate ionic liquid as additives in triisotridecyltrimellitate (TTM) base oil and the mixture of TTM and IL were analysed using two tribometer techniques. Film thickness characterisation and tribological tests were performed at rolling conditions [5% slide-roll-ratio (SRR)], under 50N and at operating temperatures of 30, 50 and 80°C. Stribeck curves showed that friction coefficients for the prepared lubricants are lower than those found for the TTM, being the best friction behaviour for the hybrid GnP nanolubricant. Furthermore, friction torque loss tests were performed in rolling ball bearings, observing that for the two hybrid nanolubricants lower friction torque values were obtained This work was supported by MINECO and the ERDF programme through ENE2017-86425-C2-2-R project, and by the Xunta de Galicia (ED431E 2018/08, ED431D 2017/06 and GRC ED431C 2020/10). JMLR acknowledges the IACOBUS programme for funding the research stay at the Porto University SI

This article aims at comparing the similarities contained in criticism of liberal democracy present in some selected works of Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) and Robert Kurz (1943-2012). In spite of the close association of the first author with the Nazi regime after 1933 and of the second being normally characterized as a Marxist thinker (although very critical to "orthodox" Marxism), numerous similarities between the two are verified when they attempt to analyze the characteristics of parliamentarian liberalism in twentieth-century democracies. One hypothesis that might explain such similarities would be the influence exercised by Schmitt on Frankfurt School theoreticians, from whom Kurz often draws inspiration in his writings – in particular, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer, although Schmitt also influenced Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer, Karl Korsch and Herbert Marcuse. Another interpretation addressed here refers to the possibility that Schmitt found, in his theories about the State and about law, the epistemological limits of modern liberalism, which constitutes Kurz’s main research subject and was a recurring theme in the writings of the Frankfurt theorists. Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar comparativamente as semelhanças contidas nas críticas à democracia liberal presentes em alguns trabalhos selecionados de Carl Schmitt (1888-1985) e Robert Kurz (1943-2012). A despeito da estreita associação do primeiro autor com o regime nazista após 1933 e do segundo ser normalmente caracterizado como um pensador marxista (embora bastante crítico ao marxismo “ortodoxo”), são verificáveis inúmeras similitudes entre ambos quando se propõem a analisar as características do liberalismo parlamentar das democracias do século XX. Uma hipótese que pode explicar tais semelhanças seria a influência exercida por Schmitt sobre diversos teóricos da escola de Frankfurt, com os quais Kurz frequentemente dialoga em seus escritos e que foram inspiradores de algumas de suas reflexões – em especial, Walter Benjamin, Theodor Adorno e Max Horkheimer, embora Schmitt também tenha influenciado Franz Neumann, Otto Kirchheimer, Karl Korsch e Herbert Marcuse. Outra via de interpretação abordada aqui se refere à possibilidade de Schmitt ter encontrado, em suas teorias sobre o Estado e sobre o direito, os limites epistemológicos do liberalismo moderno, o que constitui o principal objeto de pesquisa de Kurz e foi tema recorrente nos escritos dos teóricos de Frankfurt.

Pseudozyma sp. are yeasts that are commercially important due to their production of glycolipid biosurfactants, squalene, itaconic acid, and exopolysaccharide. The search for other analgesia inducing drugs, such as opiates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as alternatives is beneficial. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of α-d-mannan were studied using acetic acid-induced writhing, open field test, formalin test, and carrageenan-induced paw oedema tests in mice. The α-d-mannan obtained from Pseudozyma sp. was confirmed by methylation analysis, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis, and GC–MS. The results show that α-d-mannan from Pseudozyma sp. has analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-020-02635-1.

Here we present a comparative analysis between Michel Henry's critiques of capitalist and socialist systems, derived from his phenomenology, and Robert Kurz's considerations about the same systems, based on his Critical Theory of Value. Considering the similarities between these authors, who worked without contact with each other, we seek to answer: 1) Is there Critique of Value in Henry?; 2) Is there phenomenology in Kurz?; 3) Do they complement each other, and to what extent?; 4) Are the similarities accidental?; 5) What do the similarities between their theorizations tell us about today's society? We conclude that there is Critique of Value in Henry's writings; that it would be premature to say that there are phenomenological reflections in Kurz's works; that their theorizations do complement each other; that the similarities probably stem from the historical moment in which they were inserted; and that their works point to a comprehensive critique of the Modern Era., Apresenta-se aqui uma análise comparativa entre as críticas de Michel Henry aos sistemas capitalista e socialista, derivadas de sua fenomenologia, e as considerações de Robert Kurz sobre os mesmos sistemas, fundamentadas na sua Teoria Crítica do Valor. Considerando-se as similaridades entre estes dois autores, que trabalharam sem contato entre si, busca-se responder: 1) Existe Crítica do Valor em Henry?; 2) Existe fenomenologia em Kurz?; 3) Até que ponto se complementam?; 4) As coincidências são acidentais?; 5) O que as semelhanças entre as teorizações de ambos nos indicam a respeito da sociedade atual? Conclui-se que é possível afirmar que existe Crítica do Valor nos escritos de Henry; que seria prematuro asseverar que há reflexões fenomenológicas nos trabalhos de Kurz; que as teorizações de ambos se complementam; que as semelhanças provavelmente decorrem do momento histórico no qual estavam inseridos; e que seus trabalhos apontam para uma crítica abrangente da Era Moderna.

Nest predation is the main cause of reproductive failure in many bird species. Identification of predators is crucial to understand and interpret the factors that affect nest predation. Although nest predation is a natural top-down regulator of bird populations, its effect is usually more dramatic when introduced predators are involved, particularly in oceanic islands. In the Azores archipelago, the endemic Azores Woodpigeon (Columba palumbus azorica) is believed to be under high predation pressure. We used motion-triggered cameras to monitor nests of the Azores Woodpigeon on two islands of the archipelago (Pico and Terceira) in order to identify nest predators, quantify their impact on this bird and better understand the determinants of predation rates. We sampled 56 nests, during 569 camera trap days, obtaining around 125,000 photographic records. Two introduced predators were identified, black rat (on both islands) and feral cat (only on Terceira), both depredating eggs and chicks. Breeding success, calculated using the Mayfield method, was estimated at 19% on Pico and only 9% on Terceira. Overall, predation was the main cause of breeding failure. General linear models showed that predation rates are positively correlated to fruit availability and negatively correlated to elevation, human population density and adult Woodpigeon attendance at the nest. Edge distance, nest height or cover of trees did not affect predation. Camera traps also provided additional and useful information on predator behaviour when approaching a nest and on daily activity patterns of both adult Woodpigeon and nest predators. Direção Regional do Ambiente and ICETA/CIBIO-UP Contract Number 30/DRA/2016; "Acores 2020 - UE" ("Açores 2020 - Programa FEDER FSE"; "Portugal 2020"; "Governo dos Acores"); LL-L was supported by a grant from the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - FCT (SFRH/BD/115022/2016). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The prevalence and diversity of Staphylococcus species from wild European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in the Azores were investigated, and the antibiotic resistance phenotype and genotype of the isolates were determined. Nasal samples from 77 wild European rabbits from São Jorge and São Miguel islands in Azores were examined. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method, and the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors was determined by PCR. The genetic lineages of S. aureus isolates were characterized by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. A total of 49 staphylococci were obtained from 35 of the 77 wild rabbits. Both coagulase-positive (8.2%) and coagulase-negative (91.8%) staphylococci were detected: 4 S. aureus, 17 S. fleurettii, 13 S. sciuri, 7 S. xylosus, 4 S. epidermidis, and 1 each of S. simulans, S. saprophyticus, S. succinus, and S. equorum. The four S. aureus isolates showed methicillin susceptibility and were characterized as spa type t272/CC121, Panton-Valentine leukocidin negative, and hlB positive. Most of the coagulase-negative staphylococci showed resistance to fusidic acid and beta-lactams, and multidrug resistance was identified especially among S. epidermidis isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 20 isolates of the species S. fleurettii and S. epidermidis, associated with the blaZ gene in one S. epidermidis isolate. Five antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in one S. epidermidis isolate (mecA,dfrA,dfrG,aac6'-aph2'', and ant4). Our results highlight that wild rabbits are reservoirs or "temporary hosts" of Staphylococcus species with zoonotic potential, some of them carrying relevant antimicrobial resistances. Highlights: Staphylococci are frequently detected in nasal samples of wild rabbits; Main Staphylococcus spp. (of 9 detected): fleurettii, sciuri, xylosus, epidermidis, and aureus; All S. aureus were MSSA and typed as t272/CC121; The mecA gene was detected in 44% of CoNS; all were of S. epidermidis or S. fleurettii species; Fusidic acid resistance is detected in most of CoNS, and multidrug resistance in S. epidermidis. This work was funded by the R&D Project CAREBIO2— Comparative assessment of antimicrobial resistance in environmental biofilms through proteomics—towards innovative theranostic biomarkers, with reference NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-030101 and PTDC/SAU-INF/30101/2017, financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Northern Regional Operational Program (NORTE 2020) and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT). This research was supported by funding from the Research Group SEGURALI. Margarida Sousa and Vanessa Silva have their Ph.D. fellowships granted by FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, Portugal) with the references SFRH/BD/87302/2012 and SFRH/BD/137947/2018, respectively. Nuno Silva was supported by “Programa Ciência 2008” cofinanced by POPH/QREN Type 4.2: Employment Promotion Scientific subsidized by the European Social Fund and National Funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology for Higher Education (MCTES). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Statistical methods such as multiple linear regression (MLR) and classification and regression tree (CART) analysis were used to build prediction models for the levels of pollutant concentrations in Macao using meteorological and air quality historical data to three periods: (i) from 2013 to 2016, (ii) from 2015 to 2018, and (iii) from 2013 to 2018. The variables retained by the models were identical for nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM10), PM2.5, but not for ozone (O3) Air pollution data from 2019 was used for validation purposes. The model for the 2013 to 2018 period was the one that performed best in prediction of the next-day concentrations levels in 2019, with high coefficient of determination (R2), between predicted and observed daily average concentrations (between 0.78 and 0.89 for all pollutants), and low root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and biases (BIAS). To understand if the prediction model was robust to extreme variations in pollutants concentration, a test was performed under the circumstances of a high pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 during 2019, and the low pollution episode during the period of implementation of the preventive measures for COVID-19 pandemic. Regarding the high pollution episode, the period of the Chinese National Holiday of 2019 was selected, in which high concentration levels were identified for PM2.5 and O3, with peaks of daily concentration exceeding 55 &mu, g/m3 and 400 &mu, g/m3, respectively. The 2013 to 2018 model successfully predicted this high pollution episode with high coefficients of determination (of 0.92 for PM2.5 and 0.82 for O3). The low pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 was identified during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic period, with a low record of daily concentration for PM2.5 levels at 2 &mu, g/m3 and O3 levels at 50 &mu, g/m3, respectively. The 2013 to 2018 model successfully predicted the low pollution episode for PM2.5 and O3 with a high coefficient of determination (0.86 and 0.84, respectively). Overall, the results demonstrate that the statistical forecast model is robust and able to correctly reproduce extreme air pollution events of both high and low concentration levels.

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2020 Submitted by Sofia Amador (sofiamador@fm.ul.pt) on 2021-03-08T12:44:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidGPaixao.pdf: 482514 bytes, checksum: fb9add48aa6091c2c98cc5d7ff9f5bb7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-03-08T13:54:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DavidGPaixao.pdf: 482514 bytes, checksum: fb9add48aa6091c2c98cc5d7ff9f5bb7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-06-19

Measurements of viscosity and density of three lubricating oils (two synthetic and one mineral) were performed. The density of these lubricants was measured at atmospheric pressure by means of a de...

The main task of this work is to study the tribological performance of nanolubricants formed by trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) base oil with magnetic nanoparticles coated with oleic acid: Fe3O4 of two sizes 6.3 nm and 10 nm, and Nd alloy compound of 19 nm. Coated nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via chemical co-precipitation or thermal decomposition by adsorption with oleic acid in the same step. Three nanodispersions of TMPTO of 0.015 wt% of each NP were prepared, which were stable for at least 11 months. Two different types of tribological tests were carried out: pure sliding conditions and rolling conditions (5% slide to roll ratio). With the aim of analyzing the wear by means of the wear scar diameter (WSD), the wear track depth and the volume of the wear track produced after the first type of the tribological tests, a 3D optical profiler was used. The best tribological performance was found for the Nd alloy compound nanodispersion, with reductions of 29% and 67% in friction and WSD, respectively, in comparison with TMPTO. On the other hand, rolling conditions tests were utilized to study friction and film thickness of nanolubricants, determining that Fe3O4 (6.3 nm) nanolubricant reduces friction in comparison to TMPTO This research was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the ERDF programme through the ENE2017-86425-C2-2-R project. Moreover, this work was funded by the Xunta de Galicia (ED431E 2018/08, GRC ED431C 2017/22 and GRC ED431C 2016/001). These three funders also financed the acquisition of the 3D Optical Profile Sensofar S Neox (UNST15-DE-3156) SI