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Software Defect Prediction Dataset as a component of the Software Defect Prediction model has a very vital role. However, NASA Software Defect Prediction has a problem with imbalance in minority data. This study compares the performance of oversampling techniques in overcoming this. A total of 90 oversampling techniques in the form of SMOTE and its variants were used. The results of this study indicate that there is no oversampling technique that is able to overcome this. The original dataset without oversampling shows good performance at the level of accuracy and f1-score but has low performance on auc-score and g-score. Several oversampling techniques show increased performance on auc-score and g-score, unfortunately at the same time showing a decrease in performance on accuracy and f1-score.

The study aims to create a learning media product using Canva for elementary school students to alleviate the lack of learning materials, which has been negatively impacting student academic performance. The research also seeks to evaluate the practicality and effectiveness of the learning media product. This study uses research and development with ADDIE design. The results of the analysis revealed that some students do not meet the minimum standards and require learning tools to improve their skills in cutting and sticking when studying collage topics. This research developed Sitekol media on collage topics in the design stage using Canva and Wordwall applications. The validity test results showed that Sitekol media received a 90% score from media experts for color appearance, image combinations, fonts, media layout, videos, and practical use. Material experts rated it at 95.3% for material aspects, levels of thinking, and supporting learning content. Students also found Canva-based Sitekol learning media to be beneficial as a teaching tool due to its accessibility, portability, convenience, interactive features, and detailed learning media instructions. The statistical tests conducted resulted in significant findings with high average values. Students responded very positively to the practicality of the media, giving an average score of 4.9 out of 5, indicating 98% of the ideal score. It can be concluded that using Canva-based Sitecol learning on grade 1 collage material exhibits practicality and validity as a learning medium.

Water is an inexhaustible resource. In Indonesia there are several areas that have the potential of water energy for electricity production. Water energy can be used for electricity production and supports emission reduction programs because it does not produce CO2 emissions during the electricity production process by water turbines. One of the problems experienced by turbines is damage caused by cavitation. Cavitation itself is the formation of air gas bubbles due to very low pressure reaching below the vapor pressure, so that water evaporates at low pressure. This research was conducted to determine the effect of rotational speed on the potential for cavitation. This research was conducted using the CFD method and using the ANSYS application. In the simulation process, several variables are used, namely rotational speed and fluid velocity. The conclusion of this study is that the higher the rotating speed of a propeller turbine, the higher the cavitation potential that will occur in the propeller turbine. Because the higher the rotational speed of a turbine,so the lower the pressure that occurs in the turbine, this is in accordance with Bernoulli's Law. Suggestions for further research can be done with several modifications or variations of the winglet radius so as to get a better design. In addition, in future research it is also possible to modify the angle of the blade so as to reduce the emergence or formation of gas bubbles on the propeller blades due to decreased pressure.

Lead strontium titanate (Pb1-xSrx)TiO3 (PST) is a ferroelectric perovskite material with tunable properties, including Curie temperature, spontaneous polarization, and high dielectric permittivity, making it promising for advanced biomedical applications, such as biosensors, bioimaging, and light-activated therapeutics. This study investigates the effect of varying sintering temperatures on the crystallite size and phase purity of PST, aiming to optimize its performance for biomedical devices. PbCO3, SrCO3, and TiO2 powders were processed via ball milling for 58 hours, followed by sintering at temperatures ranging from 500°C to 1100°C. Laser diffraction particle size analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to assess the particle size and crystal phase transformations. The results demonstrate that higher sintering temperatures improve the PST phase composition, reducing impurities and enhancing crystallite growth. The most significant crystal growth was observed at 900°C, while the optimal phase purity and crystallite size (91.5 nm) were achieved at 1100°C, producing 100% single-phase PST. These findings emphasize the critical role of sintering temperature in tailoring PST’s properties, enhancing its suitability for electronic and microelectronic biomedical devices. Controlled sintering in perovskite materials opens new pathways for their application in medical diagnostics and therapeutic technologies.

Objective: This research aims to develop a biscuit formulation with the substitution of mackerel fish flour and black rice flour as an alternative snack for diabetes mellitus sufferers.Method: This research was an experiment with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four treatments, namely 0% (F0), 25% (F1), 50% (F2), and 75% (F3). Organoleptic tests were carried out on 7 trained panelists. The organoleptic test data was tested for normality using the Shapiro Wilk test. The results of the data distribution are normally distributed, so to determine whether there are real differences in each treatment, the data is processed using the ANOVA test at the 5% level, if it is known that there are significant differences (p value

Ability thinks critically is ability to make conclusions and judge authenticity as well as truth something based on prior knowledge-owned. Think critically as a complex process that requires cognitive level in process information. In study literature this will discuss development ability and critical participant education with the MOODLE -Based Blended Problem Based Learning Model to support alternative recovery learning during the endemic period of COVID-19. The MOODLE -Based Blended Problem Based Learning Model is considered suitable for develop ability think critical because Blended Problem Based Learning related learning with real world problems as context for participant educate for study think critical and skills solve problem , the MOODLE -based Learning Management System helps participant educate enter into the room digital class and can access materials learning in blended learning as effort restore educational conditions during the COVID-19 endemic. With thereby study this as solution description learning distance far for development ability think critical during the COVID-19 endemic.

General elections in Indonesia are designed to ensure equality and justice for all voters and candidates, regardless of party affiliation. Despite these principles, election violations do occur, including criminal acts, breaches of ethical standards by election organizers, and administrative violations related to election procedures. To protect the integrity of elections, which is crucial for democracy, lawmakers have classified certain electoral frauds as criminal offenses. The Election Law not only outlines the procedures for conducting elections but also prohibits actions that undermine the fairness of the process and imposes penalties on offenders. The type of research in this study is normative legal research, which is a research method that focuses on written legal norms. accompanied by a comparative study of the country of Nigeria The results showed that the small number of reports of election crimes that continued to the level of investigation, prosecution, and examination in court until the issuance of a permanent legal force decision (inkracht van gewisjde) showed that the handling of election crimes in the elections had not been effective. The same is true for Nigeria through INEC. Although INEC has the authority to initiate cases of electoral offenses, it rarely does so due to a lack of supervisory capacity due to understaffing and the inability or unwillingness of the police to collect evidence and conduct investigations.

Warisan budaya Indonesia yang resepnya diturunkan turun temurun, dapat berkhasiat bagi kesehatan tubuh dan menjadi pengobatan dikenal dengan jamu. Warisan yang diturunkan sejak jaman Kerajaan Mataram sampai sekarang dan tersebar di seluruh Indonesia termasuk wilayah Banten. Mengembangkan kearifan lokal bekerja sama dengan Luluana Sedanten sebagai mitra UMKM. Pengembangan tersebut yaitu jamu. Tujuan dilaksanakan kegiatan pengembangan kearifal lokal khas Banten yaitu mengembangkan jamu dengan penamaan Sirih Kunci. Manfaat yang diterima Universitas dan mitra yaitu mendapatkan pengalaman belajar dalam pengembangan kebudayaan pada UMKM termasuk dalam peningkatan kualitas produksi dan pemasaran jamu. Manfaat yang diterima Masyarakat adalah terjadinya peningkatan pengetahuan dan kesadaran Masyarakat mengolah dan mengkonsumsi jamu. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pembinaan yang telah dilaksanakan adalah melaksanakan jejaring mitra UMKM, manajemen pengolahan jamu, dan workshop pemasaran jamu, mengadakan kompetisi desain mesin uleg serta promosi dan edukasi pada masyarakat. Luaran kegiatan program yang telah dilaksanakan adalah adanya perjanjian Kerjasama antara mitra dan pemasok bahan baku segar untuk jamu, Kerjasama dengan reseller jamu, pelatihan herbal yang tersertifikasi, memiliki brand jamu dan SOP olahan jamu 12 rempah “sirih Kunci” terdaftar di Kemenhumkam luaran publikasi telah diterbitkan pada media massa berupa artikel popular.

Sintesis senyawa 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol dan uji potensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis senyawa 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol dan uji potensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama yang baru. Sintesis senyawa 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol tersebut dilakukan melalui tiga tahap, tahap pertama yaitu reaksi brominasi terhadap vanilin dengan menggunakan KBrO3 dan HBr dalam kondisi asam. Tahap kedua yaitu reaksi kondensasi aldol terhadap 5-bromovanilin dengan aseton menggunakan katalis NaOH 20%. Tahap ketiga yaitu sintesis senyawa 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol melalui reaksi reduksi produk kondensasi aldol dengan NaBH4. Senyawa produk hasil reaksi dianalisis dengan GC-MS dan FT-IR. Hasil sintesis 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol berupa cairan dengan rendemen 48,77%. Uji potensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah hama menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil 4-(5-bromo-4-hidroksi-3-metoksifenil)-3-buten-2-ol dapat berpotensi sebagai atraktan lalat buah (Bactrocera spp).

Purpose: Personalized treatment planning in Molecular Radiotherapy (MRT) with accurately determining the absorbed dose is highly desirable. The absorbed dose is calculated based on the Time-Integrated Activity (TIA) and the dose conversion factor. A crucial unresolved issue in MRT dosimetry is which fit function to use for the TIA calculation. A data-driven population-based fitting function selection could help solve this problem. Therefore, this project aims to develop and evaluate a method for accurately determining TIAs in MRT, which performs a Population-Based Model Selection within the framework of the Non-Linear Mixed-Effects (NLME-PBMS) model. Methods: Biokinetic data of a radioligand for the Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) for cancer treatment were used. Eleven fit functions were derived from various parameterisations of mono-, bi-, and tri-exponential functions. The functions' fixed and random effects parameters were fitted (in the NLME framework) to the biokinetic data of all patients. The goodness of fit was assumed acceptable based on the visual inspection of the fitted curves and the coefficients of variation of the fitted fixed effects. The Akaike weight, the probability that the model is the best among the whole set of considered models, was used to select the fit function most supported by the data from the set of functions with acceptable goodness of fit. NLME-PBMS Model Averaging (MA) was performed with all functions having acceptable goodness of fit. The Root-Mean-Square Error (RMSE) of the calculated TIAs from individual-based model selection (IBMS), a shared-parameter population-based model selection (SP-PBMS) reported in the literature, and the functions from NLME-PBMS method to the TIAs from MA were calculated and analysed. The NLME-PBMS (MA) model was used as the reference as this model considers all relevant functions with corresponding Akaike weights. Results: The function f3a=A1e-λ1+λphyst+A2e-λphyst was selected as the function most supported by the data with an Akaike weight of (54 ± 11) %. Visual inspection of the fitted graphs and the RMSE values show that the NLME model selection method has a relatively better or equivalent performance than the IBMS or SP-PBMS methods. The RMSEs of the IBMS, SP-PBMS, and NLME-PBMS (f3a) methods are 7.4%, 8.8%, and 2.4%, respectively. Conclusion: A procedure including fitting function selection in a population-based method was developed to determine the best fit function for calculating TIAs in MRT for a given radiopharmaceutical, organ and set of biokinetic data. The technique combines standard practice approaches in pharmacokinetics, i.e. an Akaike-weight-based model selection and the NLME model framework.

Chicken and duck eggs are highly nutritious food products that are popular among the Indonesian community. However, their perishable nature leads to a decline in quality if not further processed. The salting process is a simple preservation method that can also enhance the flavor of salted egg products. To produce salted egg products with high organoleptic quality preference, a combination of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) is implemented as a quality decision-making method based on: (1) the experts viewpoints on the importance level of organoleptic criteria, and (2) the scores of organoleptic tests for the criteria of texture, taste, and appearance. In this study, chicken and duck eggs were processed into salted eggs using a salting mixture made of a blend of scouring ash and table salt with a mass ratio of 5:4 and 5:6, resulting in product combinations coded as CE-5/4, CE-5/6, DE-5/4, and DE-5/6. Data processing results on the importance level from the experts viewpoints using the AHP method resulted that the criteria for texture, taste, and aroma had final priority weights of 0.244, 0.617, and 0.139, respectively. Final decision-making using the SAW method indicated that the highest to lowest final preference scores were obtained by products CE-5/4, DE-5/4, DE-5/6, and CE-5/6, with the final preference scores of 0.979, 0.963, 0.931, and 0.906, respectively. The results demonstrated that AHP and SAW were successfully implemented to assist in making decisions regarding the quality of salted egg products based on their organoleptic characteristics. Keywords: salted egg, organoleptic, decision-making, AHP, SAW

This study examines the effectiveness of the fertiliser subsidy program in Aceh Province and its implications for farmer welfare. Although the program seeks to alleviate poverty by reducing production costs and increasing crop yields, the program has yet to yield the expected results. This study employed a qualitative case study approach to analyse the policy's implementation and challenges, focusing on Aceh's unique historical and social context. The study findings reveal that the effectiveness of the policy is hampered by some issues related to resource allocation, communication, administrative governance, and organisational structure. These constraints have prevented the policy from significantly improving the welfare of rice farmers. The study concludes that, although the fertiliser subsidy program has potential, it has not substantially reduced poverty among farmers in Aceh. A significant limitation of this study is its inability to fully assess the potential for increasing government capacity to support farmers due to differences in perceptions and preferences among government actors. This study highlights the need for a more integrated and responsive policy framework to address the unique challenges faced by the agricultural sector in Aceh

The Plasmodium falciparum cytoplasmic tyrosine tRNA synthetase (PfTyrRS) is an attractive drug target that is susceptible to reaction-hijacking by AMP-mimicking nucleoside sulfamates. We previously identified an exemplar pyrazolopyrimidine ribose sulfamate, ML901, as a potent reaction hijacking inhibitor of PfTyrRS. Here we examined the stage specificity of action of ML901, showing very good activity against the schizont stage, but lower trophozoite stage activity. We explored a series of ML901 analogues and identified ML471, which exhibits improved potency against trophozoites and enhanced selectivity against a human cell line. Additionally, it has no inhibitory activity against human ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE) in vitro. ML471 exhibits low nanomolar activity against asexual blood stage P. falciparum and potent activity against liver stage parasites, gametocytes and transmissible gametes. It is fast-acting and exhibits a long in vivo half-life. ML471 is well-tolerated and shows single dose oral efficacy in the SCID mouse model of P. falciparum malaria. We confirm that ML471 is a reaction hijacking inhibitor that is converted into a tight binding Tyr-ML471 conjugate by the PfTyrRS enzyme. A crystal structure of the PfTyrRS/ Tyr-ML471 complex offers insights into improved potency, while molecular docking into UAE provides a rationale for improved selectivity.

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of the Nigerian Threatened Native Trees Project are presented. This project conducted propagation trials and developed a freely downloadable online Manual of Tree Propagation (MTP) for 55 native tree species, training 146 local experts (32 women and 114 men) during the period (November 2015—December 2022). We used Google Analytics and interviews to assess the impacts of this project from January 2018—July 2023 (iEcology). Results show that the MTP has been downloaded 1013 times, with the star apple Gambeya albida (76), gum tree Tetrapleura tetraptera (65) and bitter kola Garcinia kola (50) topping the list. These downloads were from 15 countries spread across the world. Interestingly, the seven African countries that downloaded the MTP are concentrated in the tropical belt with similar floristic composition. The native range of almost all the propagated species overlaps with these African countries, suggesting the adoption of our MTP, and practically demonstrating the conservation mantra of “think globally, act locally”. In addition, the MTP has been deployed for academic work (i.e., grey literature) and reforestation (e.g., covering c. 1200 ha in Nigeria). By revealing suitable propagation techniques and training local foresters, our approach could boost the utilization of native tree species for reforestation in Africa.

Article Highlights - Botanical inventory in Halmahera island, North Maluku has found the species Melothria pendula for the first time. - In Indonesia, the species Melothria pendula is previously known only from Java, Sumatra, Sulawesi, and Lesser Sunda Island. - DNA barcodes for the species Melothria pendula from Indonesia firstly deposited in NCBI GenBank. Abstract This study was conducted to explore Melothria pendula on Halmahera Island. Previously, the species is known to occur in Bali, Sulawesi, Sumatra, Java (Indonesia), Malay Peninsula, Sabah (Malaysia), as well as the Philippines. Results of this study improved insights into the current knowledge about geographic distribution of Melothria. Moreover, the description of the species, habitat, critical taxonomic notes, color plates, distribution map, and DNA barcode were also presented in this study.

In this study, one-part alkali-activated mortars are formulated using circulating fluidised bed combustion (CFBC) fly ash, derived from lignite (brown coal) combustion, as the precursor, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) as the solid activators. Experimental findings indicate that an increase in solid activator-to-precursor ratio correlates with improved workability and compressive strength of the mortars. The influence of Na2SiO3-to-NaOH ratio on the compressive strength of the mortars is apparent only in mixes with a high solid activator-to-precursor ratio of 0.4 and 0.5, indicating its relatively lesser significance compared to the solid activator-to-precursor ratio. The mechanism through which an increase in the solid activator-to-precursor ratio improves the compressive strength of the mortars is elucidated using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicate that increasing the solid activator-to-precursor ratio enhances the degree of alkali-activation for fly ash, thereby improving the compressive strength with increasing solid activator-to-precursor ratio.

AbstractThis paper focuses on policy evaluation, which is rarely conducted, particularly ex-ante evaluations. In Indonesia, evaluation of policy ideas before they implement the main objective for toll road development. There are various possibilities that these ideas and decisions are formulated based on incomplete problem identification, formulation, and advocacy that could be more optimal and legitimate issues. The study aims to identify the actual beneficiaries of toll road development policies in agrarian communities that focus on social cost-benefit analysis through the ex-ante evaluation In Indonesia. Data sources were selected based on objectives: local village officials and community members affected by road construction. The case study approach with thematic analysis shows that evaluation is needed to increase the likelihood of policy success, especially in the community, as the main objective of the policy. The description of the problems in the idea and policy decision of toll road construction focuses on the social-economic impact based on the implementation of road construction in the previous stage. The idea of toll road development must recognize the community’s dynamic conditions, including the community’s readiness to accept development results and participate in obtaining optimal results from development. Road development ideas are related to efforts to prepare the human capital of the surrounding community to participate and obtain more significant benefits from development results. Furthermore, we show the importance of community human resource readiness in toll road development as an effort to realize toll road development to reduce economic and social costs. Integrating ex-ante evaluation in toll road development policy provides an understanding of the importance of maximizing development benefits for the stakeholders involved.

Mineral oil-derived lubricants, extracted from fossil fuels, account for approximately 90% of the lubricant market. A large proportion of these lubricants end up in the environment through usage, spillage, and disposal, leading to contamination of aquatic systems, ecosystems, and agricultural lands. To address this, new regulations were released (e.g. Vessel General Permit 2013) to promote the use of Environmentally Acceptable Lubricants (EALs) over conventional, toxic, non-biodegradable mineral oils. Today, the range of EAL is limited, particularly affecting the maritime sector. Since 2013, the variety and effectiveness of EALs have improved, but further advancements and cost reductions are essential. This study focuses on developing sustainable bio-based additives from microbial processes to enhance EALs. These additives, sourced through fermentation, avoid using fossil fuels and do not require arable land, preserving water resources and food production areas. The research reveals that yeast, high in sulfur and phosphorus, and microbial oils, mainly carboxylic acids, effectively stabilize EAL formulations, reducing friction and wear in water-based lubricants. Microbial oils are superior in reducing friction, while yeast offers better wear protection. This study opens the possibility of incorporating various bio-based products into EALs, providing a sustainable, environmentally friendly option.

AbstractThe small and medium industries are key to improving national and global economies and yet the industries are faced with many challenges in accessing global markets, building global networks and cooperation, and accessing technology. To this end, this study aims to analyze the export development strategy of small and medium industries in Indonesia. The study applied an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) by formulating it based on priority factor weights condition, competition, demand condition, and associated supporting industry. In the study, primary data were sourced by giving questionnaires to exporters in small and medium industries, government agencies, academics, trade experts, importers, and Indonesian trade representatives. The empirical strategy revealed that the priority weight of the small and medium industry export development factor was the demand condition factor with a consistency index of 0.007 showing consistent results as it falls below the 0.1 threshold index. The results of the priority weighting of the small and medium industry export development strategy are the development of a marketplace with the results of a consistency index analysis with a value of 0.05 which shows consistent results because the consistency index value is below 0.1. The study further recommends that the government needs to conduct more in-depth research on the nature of consumers at home and abroad. Innovating products by following market developments will help producers attract more consumers. Governments can play an important role in increasing the level of quality and complexity of a country’s comparative advantage.

Crime is one of the problems faced by countries worldwide. Theft, gambling, drug, fraud, persecution, and conflict are among the crimes that commonly occur in Indonesia, which may be accounted for by a range of factors, including economic ones. Land use also emerges as another factor leading to crimes. Land use at the village level can be divided into three categories: undiversified, moderately diversified, and diversified. This work applied two analysis models. First, it employed logistic regression to capture the criminal possibility of each land use category. Second, it applied Ordinary Least Square to view crimes holistically in each land use category. This paper suggests that mixed land use and public space could significantly lower crime probability. Meanwhile, using land as a business and industrial center was found to trigger crimes. The existence of prostitution areas in villages/subdistricts raises the possibility of a rise in human trafficking and sexual Harassment. This study showed that using land as a public space potentially increases conflicts in Indonesia. This study provided the Indonesian government with a new insight to consider when developing an area by taking land use diversity into account in order to minimize crime risks.

The goal of this research is to develop a model employing deep neural networks (DNNs) to predict the effectiveness of mangrove forests in attenuating the impact of tsunami waves. The dataset for the DNN model is obtained by simulating tsunami wave attenuation using the Boussinesq model with a staggered grid approximation. The Boussinesq model for wave attenuation is validated using laboratory experiments exhibiting a mean absolute error (MAE) ranging from 0.003 to 0.01. We employ over 40,000 data points generated from the Boussinesq numerical simulations to train the DNN. Efforts are made to optimize hyperparameters and determine the neural network architecture to attain optimal performance during the training process. The prediction results of the DNN model exhibit a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.99560, an MAE of 0.00118, a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0.00151, and a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3 %. When comparing the DNN model with three alternative machine learning models— support vector regression (SVR), multiple linear regression (MLR), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost)— the performance of DNN is superior to that of SVR and MLR, but it is similar to XGBoost. • High-accuracy DNN models require hyperparameter optimization and neural network architecture selection. • The error of DNN models in predicting the attenuation of tsunami waves by mangrove forests is less than 3 %. • DNN can serve as an alternate predictive model to empirical formulas or classical numerical models.

Efforts to enhance entrepreneurial intention among students entail a complex learning process. Understanding the function of the entrepreneurial education ecosystem (EEE) based on social interactions, learning demands, and supportive resources is essential. The aim of this study is to elucidate the influence of the EEE on entrepreneurial intention through creative self-efficacy (CSE) and creative process engagement (CPE) in higher education. Using a causal study with a survey utilizing questionnaires on 354 randomly selected students who have undergone entrepreneurship education in private university. Inferential analysis employing covariant structural equation modeling (SEM). Research findings indicate that the design of the EEE, including curriculum, practices, research, culture, and entrepreneurship infrastructure in higher education, enhances CSE. The availability of CSE as a personal resource enables students to effectively meet the demands of entrepreneurial learning and engage in the entrepreneurial learning process in the long term. EEE influences CSE, which in turn fosters engagement in the creative process required to support entrepreneurial intentions among university students. The theoretical implication is study of demand-resources (SDR) expands the understanding of the complexity of interactions between entrepreneurial education demands, resources, and entrepreneurial intentions. Practical implication is focused on the development of EEE and CSE based on the study demand-resources approach for enhancing entrepreneurial intention among individuals. Originalities value is expanding the understanding of the demand-resources (DR) model based on research findings regarding the role of EEE positions as environmental resources on the availability of personal resources, namely CSE, and its influence on CPE and entrepreneurial intention.

Stunting is the result of chronic malnutrition due to the lack of micronutrient-based methyl donors required for epigenetic programming during the first 1000 days of life. Methylation studies using bisulfite conversion from blood DNA are invasive and may not be practical for large-scale epidemiological investigation or nutrition intervention programs. Buccal epithelial methylation may reflect early germline methylation. Therefore, buccal cells can serve as convenient sample sources to collect biomarkers associated with the risk of stunting. This study aims to describe the feasibility of nanopore adaptive sampling in detecting DNA methylation from children’s buccal DNA. We used adaptive sampling of Oxford Nanopore Technology on barcoded samples to describe differential methylation associated with malnutrition. Overall, the level of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) was lower in stunted children than in normal children. We also found differentially methylated regions at the MIR6724 and RNA45SN1 gene loci on chromosome 21, which was higher in stunted children than in normal children. We described and detected differential DNA methylation in the locus previously not known to be associated with stunting. Interestingly, this locus on chromosome 21 has been implicated in the stunted phenotype of Down syndrome.

This study explores the potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus seed (EGs) powder as a sustainable composite biomaterial, focusing on its particle size effects on the mechanical, frictional, and thermal properties of composite materials for potential biomedical applications such as prosthetics and implants. Composite specimens were produced using the compression hot molding method, utilizing EG powder particles of varying sizes (120, 140, and 200-mesh sieving). The influence of EG powder particle size on key properties was systematically investigated. The findings reveal that reducing the particle size of EGs leads to a decrease in density and hardness of the composite, with the largest particle size (BP1) resulting in the highest density and hardness. Friction coefficient measurements indicated suitability for biomedical applications where surface interaction and wear resistance are critical, such as joint prosthetics. Thermal analysis showed that BP1 exhibited superior thermal stability, with a maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) exceeding 375 °C. Differential scanning calorimetry identified significant differences in glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization temperature (Tc) across specimens. The composites demonstrated exceptional thermal performance, surpassing previous benchmarks for biomaterials in high-temperature environments. The mechanical and thermal characteristics of Specimen BP1—2.725 g/cm3 density, 74 Shore D hardness, 0.159 coefficient of friction, 93.3% total residual, 378.14 °C Tmax, 426.25 °C Tc, and 376.87 °C Tg—suggest its potential for biomedical applications requiring durability and thermal resilience, such as in orthopedic devices and tissue engineering scaffolds.

ABSTRACT The spotted‐wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii and the cosmopolitan vinegar fly D. melanogaster feed on soft fruit and berries and widely overlap in geographic range. The presence of D. melanogaster reduces egg‐laying in D. suzukii, possibly because D. melanogaster outcompetes D. suzukii larvae feeding in the same fruit substrate. Flies use pheromones to communicate for mating, but pheromones also serve a role in reproductive isolation between related species. We asked whether a D. melanogaster pheromone also modulates oviposition behaviour in D. suzukii. A dual‐choice oviposition assay confirms that D. suzukii lays fewer eggs on blueberries exposed to D. melanogaster flies and further shows that female flies have a stronger effect than male flies. This was corroborated by treating berries with synthetic pheromones. Avoidance of D. suzukii oviposition is mediated by the female D. melanogaster pheromone (Z)‐4‐undecenal (Z4‐11Al). Significantly fewer eggs were laid on berries treated with synthetic Z4‐11Al. In comparison, the male pheromone (Z)‐11‐octadecenyl acetate (cVA) had no effect on D. suzukii oviposition. Z4‐11Al is a highly volatile compound that is perceived via olfaction and it is accordingly behaviourally active at a distance from the source. D. suzukii is known to engage in mutual niche construction with the yeast Hanseniaspora uvarum, which strongly attracts flies. Adding Z4‐11Al to fermenting H. uvarum significantly decreased D. suzukii flight attraction in a laboratory wind tunnel and a field trapping assay. That a D. melanogaster pheromone regulates oviposition in D. suzukii demonstrates that heterospecific pheromone communication contributes to reproductive isolation and resource partitioning in cognate species. Stimulo‐deterrent diversion or push‐pull methods, building on combined use of attractant and deterrent compounds, have shown promise for control of D. suzukii. A pheromone that specifically reduces D. suzukii attraction and oviposition adds to the toolbox for D. suzukii integrated management.

Burns are identified as damage to the skin and organs, commonly resulting from contact with fire, electrical currents, radiation, heated liquids or surfaces, or chemical agents. It is considered as a challenging medical condition both physically and psychologically with significant morbidity and fatality rates. Optimal wound healing required not only extensive medical care such as fluid resuscitation, wound care, infection prevention, pain control, surgical interventions, but also strong emotional and social support from family member. This article presented and discussed the burden, the role of family, the challenges and strategy in improving the healing process and enhancing treatment outcomes through family engagement. Family involvement could minimize complication rates, enhance therapy adherence, and speed up patient rehabilitation. This review provide an overview of the value of family support in burn therapy while also adding fresh insights to the existing research on the role of family in improving burn patient outcomes.

Environmental degradation remains a significant global challenge, particularly in the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) countries. This study primarily examines the impact of Islamic finance, proxied by two indicators, namely Islamic financial assets and Islamic banking financing, and other variables including Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), urbanization, renewable energy adoption, and forest area, on CO2 emissions. This study revealed that Islamic financial assets had a negative impact on CO2 emissions, highlighting their importance in supporting green investments and sustainability. However, Islamic banking financing has little influence on emissions reduction, most likely due to carbon-intensive initiatives. Furthermore, GDP growth increases emissions, although FDI, urbanization, and forest areas help to lower them. These findings underscore Islamic finance's critical role in fostering sustainable development, as well as the necessity for better green Islamic financing policies in OIC member nations. The findings also provide important insights for policymakers working to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability in Islamic finance.

Resumo Este artigo pretende problematizar as afirmações de Ramón Grosfoguel, especificamente em relação a Aníbal Quijano. Sustento que a acusação de “racismo epistêmico” feita por Grosfoguel, de acordo com a qual Quijano não teria reconhecido uma de suas dívidas intelectuais, é destituída de embasamento em fontes precisas. Contextualizando de maneira mais ampla a “colonialidade do poder”, argumento que Grosfoguel não leva em conta aspectos fundamentais da biografia do autor peruano, tanto de sua formação política e intelectual quanto do estilo de sua obra. Também, um exame da relação entre Quijano e a tradição intelectual peruana e latino-americana iluminará veredas cruciais na trajetória da teoria da “colonialidade do poder”. Desse modo, a grave acusação de “racismo epistêmico” feita pelo autor porto-riquenho deve ser colocada em questão, pois a trajetória acadêmica de Quijano revela que a elaboração da “colonialidade” é dotada de uma historicidade segundo a qual as ideias de raça e racismo são parte do processo global da construção da teoria.

ABSTRACT Ice as a cooling medium in the handling of fresh fish is widely used. Information about the rate of temperature change and the rate of melting of ice in the fish storage box is not available. Therefore, this research needs to be conducted to determine the ability of different forms of ice to decrease the temperature of the ice box where they are placed. The objectives of this research are to calculate the rate of ice melting and the rate of temperature change in the box that contains the bulk ice and crushed ice, and compare the ability of bulk ice and crushed ice to cool temperature inside the storage box fish. Experimental method was applied in this research, which data collection consisted of a total volume of ice melted and the temperature in the box per unit time. The research results showed that the bulk ice has the ability to cool the space they occupy much faster when compared with crushed ice. In addition, bulk ice melt faster when compared with crushed ice. Keywords: ice, the rate of melting of ice, the rate of temperature change ------- ABSTRAK Penggunaan es sebagai media pendinginan dalam penanganan ikan segar merupakan yang paling umum digunakan. Informasi tentang laju perubahan suhu dan laju pelelehan es di dalam boks penyimpanan ikan belum tersedia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kemampuan es dalam bentuk yang berbeda untuk menurunkan suhu boks dimana es tersebut ditempatkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung laju pelelehan es dan laju perubahan suhu di dalam boks yang berisi es curah dan es hancuran serta membandingkan kemampuan es curah dan es hancuran untuk mendinginkan suhu di dalam boks tempat penyimpanan ikan. Pengambilan data dilakukan terhadap jumlah volume lelehan es dan suhu di dalam boks per satuan waktu dengan menggunakan metode experimental. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa es curah memiliki kemampuan untuk mendinginkan ruang yang ditempatinya lebih cepat jika dibandingkan dengan es hancuran. Selain itu, es curah lebih cepat meleleh jika dibandingkan dengan es hancuran. Kata kunci: es, laju pelelehan es, laju perubahan suhu

ABSTRACT Simeulue Regency has ± 9.968,16 km2 marine waters area consist of 64 islands (large and small) with high potentials of capture fisheries. However, the management of sustainable fisheries in Simeulue Regency has not optimal yet. Informations about catch composition, diversity index and fishing gear productivity are needed as a reference in policy management decision. The purpose of this research are to determine the compositions of catch, to calculate the fish biodiversity and fishing gear productivity. The research was conducted in Simeulue Regency from December 2013 to January 2014. The method used was purposive sampling survey. Fishing units which observed such as lift net, beach seines, longlines and other collecting gears. Result in five research locations are Simeulue Timur, Teupah Selatan, Teluk Dalam, Simeulue Barat and Teupah Tengah, there were 50 fish species which dominated by Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru), slipmouths (Leiognathus spp), Indian anchovy (Stolephorus spp), scad (Selar spp) and frigate tuna (Auxis thazard). Biodiversity index (H ') value was beetween 1.40 to 2.67 with average of 1.87, it describes that biodiversity was in the moderate category. Furthermore, the evenness index (E) was in the category of relatively even from 0.58 to 0.89 with the average of 0.74. Dominance index values (D) was beetween 0.09 – 0.33 with average of 0.24, which means that there were not any dominating species. The highest value of productivity (CPUE) was lift net with 603.3 kg/trip and the lowest was lobster or sea cucumber collecting gears with 81.8 kg/trip. Key words: composition, diversity index, productivity, Simeulue ------- ABSTRAK Kabupaten Simeulue memiliki luas wilayah perairan laut ± 9.968,16 km² dengan 64 pulau besar dan kecil. Wilayah tersebut memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap yang sangat tinggi, meskipun pengelolaan perikanan tangkap berkelanjutannya masih belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, informasi mengenai komposisi hasil tangkapan, indeks keragaman dan produktivitas alat tangkap sangat diperlukan sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan kebijakan pengelolaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi jenis hasil tangkapan, indeks keragaman jenis ikan dan produktivitas alat penangkapan ikan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Simeulue antara bulan Desember 2013 - Januari 2014. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei secara purposive sampling. Jenis alat tangkap yang menjadi objek penelitian berupa bagan, pukat pantai, rawai dan alat pengumpul. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada lima lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu Kecamatan Simeulue Timur, Teupah Selatan, Teluk Dalam, Simeulue Barat dan Teupah Tengah, diperoleh 50 spesies ikan yang didominasi oleh lemuru (Sardinella lemuru), peperek (Leiognathus spp.), teri (Stolephorus spp.), selar (Selar spp.) dan tongkol (Auxis thazard). Indeks keragaman (H’) berkisar antara 1,40 – 2,67 dengan rata-rata 1,87 yang berada pada kategori keanekaragaman sedang. Selanjutnya, nilai indeks kemerataan (E) berada pada kategori lebih merata 0,58 – 0,89 dengan rata-rata 0,74. Sementara nilai indeks dominansi (D) berkisar antara 0,17 - 0,33 dengan rata-rata 0,24 atau tidak terdapat spesies yang mendominasi. Nilai produktivitas (CPUE) tertinggi terdapat pada bagan sebesar 603,3 kg/trip dan terendah pada alat pengumpul lobster/tripang 81,8 kg/trip. Kata kunci: komposisi, indeks keragaman, produktivitas, Simeulue

Environmental Awareness is a necessity for all age groups, including elementary school students. Proper understanding of ecological issues requires earlier initiation and introduction of students to local-based content. This paper aims to describe the need to integrate the environmental problems based on local wisdom within the elementary school curriculum. The authors seek to guide education planners in Indonesia on how to incorporate environmental issues based on local values or local content in specific subject content for proper awareness creation among the elementary school students. The target is to address gaps in the teaching of environmental education in primary schools across the archipelago. Elementary school students are the future citizens, whose understanding of how the environment works from a localized perspective will help bring about better future environmental management. The study used a survey method, applying two clusters of random sampling techniques. It was conducted in selected elementary schools around Bandung, the capital city of the West Java Province, Indonesia. To collect data, structured questionnaires were used to examine. Later, data was analyzed using simple statistical methods, drawing inferences and descriptive analytics. Conclusively, this study established that specific environmental education themes based on local values and local content need to be included in the elementary school curriculum for more clarity and understanding of topics. The suggested thematic topics should comprise of issues related to overcoming environmental pollution; preventing global warming; wise use of the environment flora and fauna, and appropriate values needed for ecological conservation and sustainability.

Purpose of the study: to find out: 1) basic literacy skills (ability to read, write and count) elementary school early grades students; (2) quality of textbooks in aspects of content, presentation, language, and graphic design; and (3) The significance of the relationship between the quality of textbooks and students' basic literacy skills. Methodology: This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. It was conducted in eight provinces in Indonesia. The sampling technique used stratified random sampling, 805 teachers. Data collection used a questionnaire for elementary school teachers who teach in low grades. The data analysis used descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. Main Findings: It was found that there are still relatively many early grades elementary school students who are not fluent in reading, writing, and arithmetic. These students' basic literacy skills have a significant and positive relationship with the quality of textbooks in the aspects of substance, presentation, language, and graphic design. Applications of this study: To improve basic literacy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) in early grades elementary school students, it is also necessary to improve the quality of textbooks in the aspects of substance/Content, presentation, language, and graphic design. Novelty/Originality of this study: It was found that there is a significant and positive relationship between basic literacy skills (reading, writing, and arithmetic) of early grades elementary school students and the quality of the textbooks they used both in terms of substance/Content, presentation, language, and graphic design.

This research aims to analyse students' conceptual understanding of chemical equilibrium matter using Physics Education Technology (PhET) Interactive Simulations. Students' misconceptions can be caused by the difficulty in connecting the sub-microscopic, macroscopic, and symbolic levels of understanding in chemistry. The study was conducted at a secondary school with a total sample of 108 students using a quantitative research method. The results showed that multiple-choice questions of the two-tier Chemical Equilibrium Diagnostic Instrument (CEDI) used in this study meet with the Rasch measurement model. The students who answered correctly on content knowledge ranged from 11.1-90.7%. However, the percentage decreased to 11.1-84.3% once the content knowledge and reasons were combined. The option probability curve responses identified the students' misconceptions that were further investigated by interviews. PhET Interactive Simulations require improvements or additional features to help students better understand conceptual understanding through analogies of product and reactant molecules' movement in the equilibrium system.

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Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is an injury to the thorax in which the forces applied to the diaphragm exceed the diaphragmatic holding strength, resulting in a defect that allows abdominal contents to protrude into the thoracic cavity. This case research aimed to investigate diaphragmatic hernia treatment and surgical repair. The patient is a 1-year old, female domestic short hair (DSH) cat, black-white hair with a body weight of 2.8 kg. Pet First Veterinary Center monitored clinic symptoms and diagnostic data before surgery. Patient state was closely checked. The loss of the ventral border of the diaphragm and the displacement of abdominal viscera within the thorax are the most prominent radiological features in patient with diaphragmatic hernias. Surgery was performed at Pet First Veterinary Centre to restore negative pressure in the thoracic cavity by thoracocentesis. Diaphragmatic hernia repair involved reconstructing the diaphragm to restore its original function. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was performed in this surgery. The treatment with corrective surgery was recorded, followed by the recovery of the patient within one month of the surgery. This research demonstrated that diaphragmatic hernia repair was an effective method of treatment for diaphragmatic hernia to preserve pulmonary function.

Narcotics dogs at the National Anti Narcotics Agency (BNN) undergo routine training programs that require high levels of physical activity. The physical activities performed can affect the cardiac morphology of the dogs. Echocardiographic examination could determine myocardial thickness and systolic function. This study aims to evaluate echocardiographic parameters in Belgian Malinois dogs at BNN to obtain the average values of EF and FS. The EF and FS parameters are needed to evaluate the influence of physical activity in cardiac morphology. The study sample consisted of 21 Belgian Malinois dogs aged 3 to 4 years, 13 dogs were actively trained, while 8 dogs were not actively trained. Echocardiographic examinations were performed in the right parasternal short axis view using the Acclarix AX3 ultrasound system with a microconvex probe at frequency 2.5-6 MHz. The type of echocardiography imaging used to obtain EF and FS is Motion (M-) mode with the Cube method interpretation method. The results showed that the echocardiographic parameters in actively trained group have higher value than those in the non actively trained group. The average EF and FS values in the actively trained group were 60.78% and 32.48%, respectively. The average EF and FS values in the non actively trained group were 59.13% and 31.58%, respectively. Thus, the EF and FS values in both groups of dogs were within the normal range (55-85% for EF and 25-45% for FS). Based on this study Belgian Malinois dogs at BNN do not have a predisposition to develop cardiomyopathy.