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Background: In France, more than 20% of women require induction of labor (IOL), which can be psychologically and emotionally challenging for patients. It is important to assess how they feel about their IOL experiences. Our aim was to cross-culturally adapt and evaluate the psychometric properties of a French version of the EXIT to assess women’s experiences of IOL. Methods: The EXIT was cross-culturally adapted by conducting forward and backward translations following international guidelines. A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the ten French EXIT items: data completeness, factor analysis, internal consistency, score distribution, floor and ceiling effects, inter-subscale correlations, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability. Results: The EXIT was successfully cross-culturally adapted to the French context and any IOL method. The results obtained from 163 patients requiring IOL showed good acceptability. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three-factor solution with subscales reflecting the experiential aspects of time taken to give birth, discomfort with IOL, and subsequent contractions. Good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha or Spearman correlation coefficients ranging from 0.55 to 0.84) and good test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.66 to 0.85) for the three identified subscales were found. Conclusions: The ten-item French EXIT is a valid and reliable instrument for the self-assessment of women’s experiences of IOL in the three weeks following delivery for any method of IOL used. As a patient-reported outcome measure, it would allow the comparison of experiential outcomes across IOL studies in order to include women’s preferences in decisions regarding their care.

Ocean acidification is a consequence of current anthropogenic climate changes. The concomitant decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration in sea water may have severe impacts on calcifying organisms, such as foraminifera. The composition of the shells (called tests) of these cosmopolitan unicellular organisms roughly reflects environmental conditions at the calcification time, and they can fossilise. Thus, foraminifera are widely used as proxy for past environmental parameters, including for the carbonate system.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying pH on calcification and test geochemistry of the symbiont-bearing species Peneroplis spp. We performed culture experiments to study their resistance to ocean acidification conditions, as well as their calcification recovery once placed back under open ocean pH 7.9.After 3 days at pH 6.9 and dark conditions, strongly decalcified specimens were observed, with the inner organic lining clearly appearing. These specimens were still alive, as attested by cytoplasm streaming. Some of the specimens were then placed back at pH 7.9, in light/dark conditions. After one month, a new calcification phase started for the majority of the specimens, by addition of new chambers. The trace elements concentrations of the new calcite were analysed by LA-ICPMS. The incorporation of B and Zn appeared to have been rapidly impacted by changes in the culture conditions. Moreover, the newly formed chambers were most of the time abnormal, and the general structure of the tests was altered, which has potential impacts on reproduction and in situ survival of the specimens. In conclusion, if symbiont-bearing foraminifera show some resistance and recovery abilities to short term lowered pH conditions, they will remain strongly affected by ocean acidification.

International audience; To overcome the lack of long-term instrumental records, paleo-reconstructions using geochemical signatures preserved in the carbonate shells of foraminifera, provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct changes in seawater environmental parameters over time and evaluate the validity of climate change scenarios. High resolution paleoceanographic studies can provide new insights about Paleoclimatic perturbations allowing better prediction of biotic responses to modern warming and acidification. In this study, we will present calibrations using modern foraminifera sampled from surface seawater of the Atlantic Ocean, where all environmental parameters were recorded. Mg and Sr concentrations were determined using LA-ICP-MS, while the oxygen isotope composition of the same tests as used for the elemental analyses was subsequently measured by IRMS. Our results show that combining Mg and Sr data to compute temperature improve temperature reconstruction most probably by accounting for the impact of salinity and/or carbonate chemistry.To further test this hypothesis a new set of temperature data covering the Paleogene was extracted from δ18O, porosity, and combined Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca data, measured on Subbotina linaperta, from three localities: South and North Atlantic, and North Pacific. This foraminifera multi-proxies approach allowed to determine a continuous Paleogene sub-surface temperature. For the first time, the results of the three proxies are consistent with each other and highlight the existence of a latitudinal gradient over the Paleogene, punctuated by short term variations. Hence, we emphasize here: 1) the combined use of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca concentrations within temperature equation reconstruction to strengthen paleoenvironmental reconstructions on geological timescales, and 2) the utility of porosity as a complementary ecological proxy, to either discard or complement geochemical data.

Background: The role of secreted factors from the tumor cells in driving cancer cachexia and especially muscle loss is unknown. We wanted to study both the action of secreted factors from head and neck cancer (HNC) cell lines and circulating factors in HNC patients on skeletal muscle protein catabolism. Methods: Conditioned media (CM) made from head and neck cancer cell lines and mix of sera from head and neck cancer (HNC) patients were incubated for 48 h with human myotubes. The atrophy and the catabolic pathway were monitored in myotubes. The patients were classified regarding their skeletal muscle loss observed at the outset of management. Results: Tumor CM (TCM) was able to produce atrophy on myotubes as compared with control CM (CCM). However, a mix of sera from HNC patients was not able to produce atrophy in myotubes. Despite this discrepancy on atrophy, we observed a similar regulation of the catabolic pathways by the tumor-conditioned media and mix of sera from cancer patients. The catabolic response after incubation with the mix of sera seemed to depend on the muscle loss seen in patients. Conclusion: This study found evidence that the atrophy observed in HNC patients cannot be solely explained by a deficit in food intake.

Dans son livre Anneannem publié en 2004, Fethiye Çetin, avocate des droits de l’homme basée à Istanbul, révèle le secret de sa grand-mère, Heranuş/Seher, enlevée à sa famille arménienne et adoptée par une famille turque en 1915 pendant le génocide arménien. La « matrice de silence » de Heranuş/Seher n’a pas suffi à sa petite-fille pour comprendre le secret de sa grand-mère avant qu’il ne lui soit révélé en 1975. Fethiye Çetin garde alors le secret de sa grand-mère car comme elle, la petite fille se trouve également confrontée à l’habitus turc de déni post-génocidaire. La publication d’Anneannem est l’occasion pour Çetin de découvrir d’autres secrets et de briser d’autres silences dans son pays, notamment dans la ville natale de sa grand-mère, Habap/Ekinözü, lors de la rénovation architecturale de deux fontaines. La situation des Arméniens cachés reste fragile en Turquie et leurs secrets peuvent rapidement être à nouveau réduits au silence. In her 2004 book Anneannem, Fethiye Çetin, an Istanbul-based human-rights lawyer, reveals the secret of her grandmother, Heranuş/Seher, abducted from her Armenian family and adopted by a Turkish family in 1915 during the Armenian Genocide. Heranuş/Seher’s “matrix of silence” was not enough for her granddaughter to understand her grandmother’s secret before it was revealed to her in 1975. Fethiye Çetin then keeps her grandmother’s secret hushed as she also contends with Turkey’s post-genocidal habitus of denial like her grandmother did. The publication of Anneannem serves as an opportunity for Çetin to uncover more secrets and break more silences in her country, including in her grandmother’s birthplace, Habap/Ekinözü, through the architectural restoration of two fountains. The situation of hidden Armenians remains fragile in Turkey and their secrets can rapidly be silenced once again.

International audience; In her 2004 book Anneannem, Fethiye Çetin, an Istanbul-based human-rights lawyer, reveals the secret of her grandmother, Heranuş/Seher, abducted from her Armenian family and adopted by a Turkish family in 1915 during the Armenian Genocide. Heranuş/Seher’s “matrix of silence” was not enough for her granddaughter to understand her grandmother’s secret before it was revealed to her in 1975. Fethiye Çetin then keeps her grandmother’s secret hushed as she also contends with Turkey’s post-genocidal habitus of denial like her grandmother did. The publication of Anneannem serves as an opportunity for Çetin to uncover more secrets and break more silences in her country, including in her grandmother’s birthplace, Habap/Ekinözü, through the architectural restoration of two fountains. The situation of hidden Armenians remains fragile in Turkey and their secrets can rapidly be silenced once again.; Dans son livre Anneannem publié en 2004, Fethiye Çetin, avocate des droits de l’homme basée à Istanbul, révèle le secret de sa grand-mère, Heranuş/Seher, enlevée à sa famille arménienne et adoptée par une famille turque en 1915 pendant le génocide arménien. La « matrice de silence » de Heranuş/Seher n’a pas suffi à sa petite-fille pour comprendre le secret de sa grand-mère avant qu’il ne lui soit révélé en 1975. Fethiye Çetin garde alors le secret de sa grand-mère car comme elle, la petite fille se trouve également confrontée à l’habitus turc de déni post-génocidaire. La publication d’Anneannem est l’occasion pour Çetin de découvrir d’autres secrets et de briser d’autres silences dans son pays, notamment dans la ville natale de sa grand-mère, Habap/Ekinözü, lors de la rénovation architecturale de deux fontaines. La situation des Arméniens cachés reste fragile en Turquie et leurs secrets peuvent rapidement être à nouveau réduits au silence.

Massive tropical corals represent one of the most important natural archives of modern climate change. Coral based reconstructions give us the possibility to extend the instrumental oceanographic records and observe hydrographic variability on seasonal to interdecadal scales in tropical oceans. South Pacific convergence zone (SPCZ) variability, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are major drivers of global climate and may exert control on regional CO2 absorption, outgassing and pH variability.Porites sp. corals from Tonga and Rotuma (Fijian dependency) are being analyzed for multi-proxy (e.g. Sr/Ca, δ18O, δ13C, δ11B, B/Ca) reconstructions of sea surface temperature and salinity (SST, SSS) and carbonate chemistry, on a monthly to annual resolution. Preliminary data of the Rotuma Porites sp. coral shows δ18O has been decreasing by 0.004 ‰ per year at the end of the 20th century, suggesting freshening and/or warming of the surface water. In the same period, we observe a δ13C decrease of 0.017 ‰ per year in-line with the anthropogenic CO2 driven Suess effect. Initial results of the δ11B Tonga Porites sp. show high interannual variability, and a strong trend of decrease of -0.0626 ‰ per year in the last five decades of the record (1949-2004) suggesting acidification. The results are in agreement with published coral-based reconstructions from the region.When completed, the new records will facilitate exploring the effects of modern anthropogenic influence on ocean carbonate system and pH variation, and the relationship between them and interannual and decadal-interdecadal climatic fluctuations.

Ocean acidification is a consequence of current anthropogenic climate changes. The concomitant decrease in pH and carbonate ion concentration in sea water may have severe impacts on calcifying organisms. Coral reefs are among the first ecosystems recognized vulnerable to ocean acidification. Within coral reefs, large benthic foraminifera (LBF) are major calcium carbonate producers.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of varying pH on survival and calcification of the symbiont-bearing LBF species Peneroplis spp. We performed culture experiments to study their resistance to ocean acidification conditions, as well as their resilience once placed back under open ocean pH (7.9).After three days, small signs of test decalcification were observed on specimens kept at pH 7.4, and severe test decalcification was observed on specimens kept at pH 6.9, with the inner organic lining clearly appearing. After 32 days under pH 7.4, similar strongly decalcified specimens were observed. All the specimens were alive at the end of the experiment. This result demonstrates the resistance of Peneroplis spp. to an acidified pH, at least on a short period of time.After being partially decalcified, some of the living specimens were placed back at pH 7.9. After one month, the majority of the specimens showed recalcification features, mostly by addition of new chambers. The trace elements concentrations of the newly formed chambers were analysed by LA-ICPMS. Interestingly, more chambers were added when food was given, which highlights the crucial role of energy source in the recalcification process. Moreover, the newly formed chambers were most of the time abnormal, and the general structure of the tests was altered, with potential impacts on reproduction and in situ survival. In conclusion, if symbiont-bearing LBF show some resistance and resilience to lowered pH conditions, they will remain strongly affected by ocean acidification.

Over the last decades, sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions based on the Mg/Ca of foraminiferal calcite have frequently been used in combination with the delta O-18 signal from the same material to provide estimates of the delta O-18 of water delta O-18, a proxy for global ice volume and sea surface salinity (SSS). However, because of error propagation from one step to the next, better calibrations are required to increase the accuracy and robustness of existing isotope and element to temperature proxy relationships. Towards that goal, we determined Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and the oxygen isotopic composition of Trilobatus sacculifer (previously referenced as Globigerinoides sacculifer) collected from surface waters (0-10 m) along a north-south transect in the eastern basin of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. We established a new paleotemperature calibration based on Mg/Ca and on the combination of Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis was performed in which one, two or three different equations were considered. Results indicate that foraminiferal Mg/Ca allows for an accurate reconstruction of surface water temperature. Combining equations, delta O-18 can be reconstructed with a precision of about +/- 0.5 parts per thousand. However, the best possible salinity reconstruction based on locally calibrated equations only allowed for a reconstruction with an uncertainty of +/- 2.49. This was confirmed by a Monte Carlo simulation, applied to test successive reconstructions in an "ideal case" in which explanatory variables are known. This simulation shows that from a purely statistical point of view, successive reconstructions involving Mg/Ca and delta O-18 preclude salinity reconstructions with a precision better than +/- 1.69 and hardly better than +/- 2.65 due to error propagation. Nevertheless, a direct linear fit to reconstruct salinity based on the same measured variables (Mg/Ca and delta O-18(c)) was established. This direct reconstruction of salinity led to a much better estimation of salinity (+/- 0.26) than the successive reconstructions.

Over the last decades, sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions based on the Mg∕Ca of foraminiferal calcite have frequently been used in combination with the δ18O signal from the same materialto provide estimates of the δ18O of water (δ 18Ow), a proxy for global ice volume and sea surface salinity (SSS). However, because of error propagation from one step to the next, better calibrations are required to increase the accuracy and robustness of existing isotope and element to temperature proxy relationships. Towards that goal, we determined Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and the oxygen isotopic composition of Trilobatus sacculifer (previously referenced as Globigerinoides sacculifer) collected from surface waters (0–10 m) along a north–south transect in the eastern basin of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Ocean. We established a new paleotemperature calibration based on Mg∕Ca and on the combination of Mg∕Ca and Sr∕Ca. Subsequently, a sensitivity analysis was performed in which one, two or three different equations were considered. Results indicate that foraminiferal Mg∕Ca allows for an accurate reconstruction of surface water temperature. Combining equations, δ18Ow can be reconstructed with a precision of about ± 0.5 ‰. However, the best possible salinity reconstruction based on locally calibrated equations only allowed for a reconstruction with an uncertainty of ± 2.49. This was confirmed by a Monte Carlo simulation, applied to test successive reconstructions in an “ideal case” in which explanatory variables are known. This simulation shows that from a purely statistical point of view,successive reconstructions involving Mg∕Ca and δ18O c preclude salinity reconstructions with a precision better than ± 1.69 and hardly better than ± 2.65 due to error propagation. Nevertheless, a direct linear fit to reconstruct salinity based on the same measured variables (Mg∕Ca and δ18Oc) was established. This direct reconstruction of salinity led to a much better estimation of salinity (± 0.26) than the successive reconstructions.

Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2 emissions induced global seawater pH decrease by 0.1 since the Industrial Revolution by altering ocean chemistry with the reduction of carbonate ion concentrations and the saturation states of aragonite. Massive tropical corals are ideal palaeoceanographic archives providing high-resolution records of the most recent few hundred years and offer a valuable extension to instrumental measurements. The South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), the largest persistent precipitation band in the Southern Hemisphere with an associated salinity front modulated by large-scale ocean-atmospheric interactions (El Niño/Southern Oscillation, Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation) may influence regional seawater CO2 absorption and pH variability. Here we present coral-based paleoclimatic reconstructions from two Porites sp. corals of the Southwest Pacific region from Tonga and Rotuma. The corals are analyzed using a multi-proxy approach (δ18O, Sr/Ca, Li/Mg, U/Ca, Sr-U) to assess optimal sea surface temperature reconstruction. Preliminary δ18O results from both corals suggest similar freshening and/or warming of the surface water for the last 30 years of the 20th century (Tonga: -0.0038‰ δ18O per year; Rotuma: -0.0033‰ δ18O per year). Coral B/Ca and δ11B results for the reconstruction of carbonate chemistry changes and to establish the longer-term variability of seawater pH were completed. Tonga Porites sp. δ11B signature indicate a significant decreasing trend since 1779, with a pronounced depletion in δ11B since the 1950s of -0.0626 per year. Ultimately, this study will explore the regional-scale oceanic response to increasing pCO2 and temperature, as well as the influence of interannual and decadal-interdecadal climatic fluctuations.

International audience

Objectives/hypothesis PENTOCLO treatment, associating pentoxifylline, tocopherol, and clodronate, resolves radiation-induced fibrosis. The main aim of the present study was to prospectively assess efficacy in mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN). Study design Prospective cohort study. Methods Twenty-seven patients with mandibular ORN were included in the Pentoclauvergne Study between January 2014 and February 2016. After an initial 28-day phase of antibiotic, antifungal, and corticosteroid therapy, they received the PENTOCLO association daily until cure or a maximum of 24 months. The main assessment criterion was exposed bone area (EBA); secondary criteria comprised the Subjective, objective, management, and analytic (SOMA) score. Results Under PENTOCLO, EBA decreased by 28% at 2 months, 55% at 6 months, and 92% at 24 months; the SOMA score decreased by 23%, 38%, and 50%, respectively. A complete treatment course cured 76.5% of patients at a mean 9.6 months. Conclusions PENTOCLO is a simple, well-tolerated, and effective treatment for mandibular ORN. Level of evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 130:E559-E566, 2020.

La mucite orale est l’un des effets secondaires les plus sévères des divers protocoles de radiothérapie et de chimiothérapie. Elle entraine l’allongement des séjours à l’hôpital afin de gérer la douleur, les infections secondaires, et l’alimentation par sonde. Il n’existe actuellement que des traitements symptomatiques peu efficaces de la mucite. Orosol® est un dispositif médical sous la forme d’un flacon spray composé de glycérol, de miel, d’eau et de mucocyanidines végétales. Nous voulons tester une nouvelle approche thérapeutique de la mucite, par pulvérisation d’Orosol®.L’objectif principal de cette étude bicentrique prospective randomisée en double aveugle contre placebo est d’évaluer l’efficacité du traitement curatif par Orosol®, sur les symptômes de mucite chimio ou radio-induite, chez des patients traités pour cancer, par une évaluation quantitative et qualitative, pendant une période de suivi de 28 jours.54 patients, présentant une mucite d’un grade minimal 2 selon la classification de l’OMS/NCI-CTCAE seront à inclure de façon prospective. 27 sujets feront partie du groupe Orosol®, 27 sujets feront partie du groupe placebo. La période de suivi sera de 28 jours. L’évaluation clinique repose sur 7 consultations programmées afin d’évaluer l’évolution temporelle des critères évalués.Ce protocole et les documents y référents ont été soumis le 08 octobre 2019 au comité de validation (COMVAL) des projets de recherche clinique du CHU de Clermont-Ferrand et au comité consultatif national d’éthique en décembre 2019.

The Keban Dam Rescue Project was initiated in 1967 to record and study the history of the Keban region in Eastern Turkey about to be inundated. The project brought scholars of several disciplines together to document, in a relatively limited amount of time, the past and the landscape of this threatened Upper Euphrates area. The international and multidisciplinary salvage excavations are perceived today as a turning point for Turkish archaeology. The archaeological excavations seem to mark a rather unstable moment within the history of Turkish archaeology. Nevertheless, if teams were operating under different theoretical paradigms, in the end, they all agreed that knowledge about the history and prehistory of the Keban region needed be produced scientifically, that is in an organized and systematic manner. This dissertation scrutinizes some of archaeology's taken-for-granted scientific techniques which contribute to the emergence of the field laboratory. As experiments are performed in the outdoors laboratory of archaeology, several divides between nature and culture, present and past, the local and the universal simultaneously occur. Archaeologists thus define their object of research as relating to the universal and past culture of humankind, disregarding other objects of potential research belonging to nature or to the local present. The rescue project at Keban allowed certain kinds of evidence to be selected and made visible while others were, if not completely invisible, marginalized. In the Keban site reports, knowledge about a site is placed to the foreground while the conditions of its production are placed to the sidelines. In other words, as archaeologists make their discoveries visible to the world, they simultaneously make themselves invisible. In addition, local people only make unexpected appearances on the margins of the reports. This dissertation uses the scientific accounts of archaeology to make some of these submerged stories come back to the surface. Viewed from a different perspective --or from a different "situated" stand-point-- the agency of archaeologists, the local stories from villages, the negative effects of dam construction, among other things supposedly excluded from the scientific process of archaeology, can be retrieved and placed to the foreground.