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The distribution of SO 2 in a boiler is an important factor affecting tube corrosion in a furnace. To investigate the correlation between SO 2 distribution and numerous variables (e.g., temperature, O 2 distribution, etc.), a hybrid deep learning model is developed via the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation data. First, the combustion process under typical working conditions is simulated to output the training data set. Then, a LASSO algorithm is adopted to select input variables with a high correlation with SO 2 distribution. Finally, a deep belief network combined with a restricted belief machine and a fully connected layer is developed to describe the nonlinear relationship. The proposed model is the first work to use a deep learning algorithm to obtain the correlation between SO 2 distribution and other products of combustion. The results show that O 2 concentration has the highest influence on SO 2 distribution., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Objectives: Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder and is characterised by elevated serum IgG4 concentrations and dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate rich in IgG4+ plasma cells. IgG4-related tubulointerstitial nephritis (IgG4-TIN) is the most common manifestation of IgG4-related kidney disease (IgG4-RKD). We report four cases of kidney injury with concurrent IgG4-TIN and crescentic glomerulonephritis confirmed by renal pathology., Methods: The medical charts of four patients were reviewed to collect clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis, treatment and outcomes after 6-36 months. Two of them are cases of IgG4-TIN with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV), and the other two cases are rare IgG4-TIN with antiglomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) glomerulonephritis coexistent with ANCA-positive serum., Results: Compared with IgG4-TIN, IgG4-TIN combined with AAV or anti-GBM glomerulonephritis is less associated with other organ injuries, and the clinical manifestations, treatment effects and prognosis were consistent with that of crescentic glomerulonephritis., Conclusions: IgG4-TIN concurrent with anti-GBM glomerulonephritis and positivity in serum has more severe clinical features and a worse renal prognosis than IgG4-TIN coexistent with AVV.

Objective: To study the protective effects of Yishen Ruanjian Power (YRP) on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats with chronic aristolochic acid induced nephropathy (CAAN)., Methods: Eighteen male SD rats were divided into 3 groups, 6 in each group. Water solution of Caulis Aristolochia Manshuriensis (CAM) Liquid Extract were given to the mice in the model group by gastrogavage to make CAAN animal model. For those in the TCM group, decocted water solution of YRP was given by gastrogavage after the mice being modeled with the above-mentioned method. Tap water was given by gastrogavage to the mice in the control group. Body weight, 24-hr urinary protein excretion and beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG), and serum creatinine (r) were determined at the end of the 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th week. At the end of the 16th week, the rats were sacrificed and the pathological figure of their kidneys were observed by Masson staining. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and type I collagen (Col I ) in kidney tissue were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method, respectively., Results: At end of the 1st week, urinary protein excretion, urinary beta2-MG and SCr in the model group were significantly increased to the levels higher than those in the control group (P < 0.01 or 0.05). Relative area of interstitial fibrosis was significantly enlarged in the model group at the end of the 16th week (P<0.01), and at the same time, the mRNA and protein expression of TCF-beta1, CTGF, PAI-1, TIMP-1 and Col I in kidney tissue were significant up-regulated (P<0.01). After intervention with YRP, the above-mentioned up-regulated parameters, except 24-hr urinary protein excretion, were all significantly inhibited (P <0.01 or 0.05)., Conclusion: YRP could inhibit the accumulation of extracellular matrix in renal interstitial tissue, so as to alleviate the renal interstitial fibrosis and improve the renal function.