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51. Subalpine forest dynamics reconstructed throughout the last 700 years in the Central Pyrenees by means of tree rings and pollen.

Author

Garcés-Pastor, Sandra, Gutiérrez-Merino, Emilia, Martínez-Sancho, Elisabet, Dorado-Liñán, Isabel, Camarero, J. Julio, Cañellas-Boltà, Núria, and Vegas-Vilarrúbia, Teresa

Subjects
POLLEN, TREE-rings, CLIMATE change, FORESTS & forestry, DENDROCHRONOLOGY
Abstract

Understanding how climate has modulated forest growth and composition in the past is necessary to predict the influence of the ongoing climate warming on the dynamics of mountain forests. We studied the past dynamics of subalpine Pyrenean forests during the last 700 years by assessing the relationships between sedimentary pollen and tree-ring records, and their link with climatic drivers. We compared the pollen record and the montane pollen ratio, an integrative index obtained from sedimentary pollen that allows inferring past altitudinal variations in the montane-subalpine ecotone, with tree-ring width from mountain pine (Pinus uncinata) subalpine forests located in Central Pyrenees. To assess climate-growth associations, we related the dendrochronological data with instrumental meteorological records (1901-2010) and temperature reconstructions from the Pyrenees and Northern Hemisphere. Few robust associations were found between arboreal pollen taxa and tree-ring width series of the surrounding forests. However, significant correlations were found between the montane pollen ratio and tree-ring width series from nearby forests (located less than 10 km apart). This relationship could be potentially useful to infer long-term forest growth changes at decadal to centennial scales using the montane pollen ratio. On the contrary, our results show that tree radial growth has mainly been constrained by low temperatures although the growth sensitivity to climate has considerably varied over the last 700 years. Similar results were obtained for the last century as growth variability of these high-elevation forests is still driven by low temperatures, but a relaxation of this constrain in recent decades has been detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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53. An 810‐year history of cold season temperature variability for northern Poland.

Author

Balanzategui, Daniel, Knorr, Antje, Heussner, Karl‐Uwe, Wazny, Tomasz, Beck, Wolfgang, Słowiński, Michał, Helle, Gerhard, Buras, Allan, Wilmking, Martin, Van Der Maaten, Ernst, Scharnweber, Tobias, Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel, and Heinrich, Ingo

Subjects
SCOTS pine, PHYTOGEOGRAPHY, EFFECT of temperature on plants, PLANT growth, PLANT ecophysiology
Abstract

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widely used tree species in European dendroclimatology studies due to its common distribution across much of the continent. Almost all studies find radial growth strongly related to summer temperature, a result reflecting site selection at high elevation/latitude environments where trees grow at their ecophysiological limits. Due to the amount of attention spent on these sites there is a geographical and seasonal bias in temperature reconstructions based upon tree‐ring proxies in Europe. To overcome the limited availability of tree‐ring data in temperate lowlands, we present a northern Poland ring‐width chronology developed from living and historic Scots pine material with a strong common growth signal going back to AD 1200. Investigations into climate‐growth relationships found year‐to‐year ring‐width variability to be more strongly correlated to cold season temperature (November to April) prior to the growing season than summer temperatures during tree‐ring formation. Based on this relationship it was possible to reconstruct cold season temperature conditions for the last 810 years. Spatial field correlations with gridded instrumental records indicated that the reconstruction provides relevant cold season temperature information across the land regions bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Baltic Sea, lowlands and uplands of western and central Europe, and the eastern and central interior of Russia. Despite an unsuccessful attempt to find a stationary relationship with the North Atlantic Oscillation, comparisons with several cold season temperature reconstructions confirmed the long‐term connection between our reconstructed temperature series for northern Poland and the wider area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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54. Increased water‐use efficiency translates into contrasting growth patterns of Scots pine and sessile oak at their southern distribution limits.

Author

Martínez‐Sancho, Elisabet, Dorado‐Liñán, Isabel, Gutiérrez Merino, Emilia, Matiu, Michael, Helle, Gerhard, Heinrich, Ingo, and Menzel, Annette

Subjects
*ATMOSPHERIC carbon dioxide & the environment, *TREE growth, *SCOTS pine, *GAS exchange in plants, *OAK
Abstract

Abstract: In forests, the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations (Ca) has been related to enhanced tree growth and intrinsic water‐use efficiency (iWUE). However, in drought‐prone areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, it is not yet clear to what extent this “fertilizing” effect may compensate for drought‐induced growth reduction. We investigated tree growth and physiological responses at five Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and five sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) sites located at their southernmost distribution limits in Europe for the period 1960–2012 using annually resolved tree‐ring width and δ13C data to track ecophysiological processes. Results indicated that all 10 natural stands significantly increased their leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), and consequently iWUE. Different trends in the theoretical gas‐exchange scenarios as a response to increasing Ca were found: generally, Ci tended to increase proportionally to Ca, except for trees at the driest sites in which Ci remained constant. Ci from the oak sites displaying higher water availability tended to increase at a comparable rate to Ca. Multiple linear models fitted at site level to predict basal area increment (BAI) using iWUE and climatic variables better explained tree growth in pines (31.9%–71.4%) than in oak stands (15.8%–46.8%). iWUE was negatively linked to pine growth, whereas its effect on growth of oak differed across sites. Tree growth in the western and central oak stands was negatively related to iWUE, whereas BAI from the easternmost stand was positively associated with iWUE. Thus, some Q. petraea stands might have partially benefited from the “fertilizing” effect of rising Ca, whereas P. sylvestris stands due to their strict closure of stomata did not profit from increased iWUE and consequently showed in general growth reductions across sites. Additionally, the inter‐annual variability of BAI and iWUE displayed a geographical polarity in the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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55. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water‐use efficiency of European forests

Author

Saurer, Matthias, Spahni, Renato, Frank, David C., Joos, Fortunat, Leuenberger, Markus, Loader, Neil J., McCarroll, Danny, Gagen, Mary, Poulter, Benjamin, Seigwolf, Rolf T. W., Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Boettger, Tatjana, Dorado Liñán, Isabel, Fairchild, Ian J., Friedrich, Michael, Gutierrez, Emilia, Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, Emmi, Heinrich, Ingo, Helle, Gerd, Grudd, Håkan, Jalkaen, Risto, Levanič, Tom, Linderholm, Hans W., Robertson, Iain, Sonninen, Eloni, Treydte, Kerstin, Waterhouse, John S., Woodley, Ewan J., Wynn, Peter Michael, Young, Giles H. F., Saurer, Matthias, Spahni, Renato, Frank, David C., Joos, Fortunat, Leuenberger, Markus, Loader, Neil J., McCarroll, Danny, Gagen, Mary, Poulter, Benjamin, Seigwolf, Rolf T. W., Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Boettger, Tatjana, Dorado Liñán, Isabel, Fairchild, Ian J., Friedrich, Michael, Gutierrez, Emilia, Haupt, Marika, Hilasvuori, Emmi, Heinrich, Ingo, Helle, Gerd, Grudd, Håkan, Jalkaen, Risto, Levanič, Tom, Linderholm, Hans W., Robertson, Iain, Sonninen, Eloni, Treydte, Kerstin, Waterhouse, John S., Woodley, Ewan J., Wynn, Peter Michael, and Young, Giles H. F.

Abstract

The increasing carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere in combination with climatic changes throughout the last century are likely to have had a profound effect on the physiology of trees: altering the carbon and water fluxes passing through the stomatal pores. However, the magnitude and spatial patterns of such changes in natural forests remain highly uncertain. Here, stable carbon isotope ratios from a network of 35 tree-ring sites located across Europe are investigated to determine the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE), the ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance from 1901 to 2000. The results were compared with simulations of a dynamic vegetation model (LPX-Bern 1.0) that integrates numerous ecosystem and land– atmosphere exchange processes in a theoretical framework. The spatial pattern of tree-ring derived iWUE of the investigated coniferous and deciduous species and the model results agreed significantly with a clear south-to-north gradient, as well as a general increase in iWUE over the 20th century. The magnitude of the iWUE increase was not spatially uniform, with the strongest increase observed and modelled for temperate forests in Central Europe, a region where summer soil-water availability decreased over the last century. We were able to demonstrate that the combined effects of increasing CO2 and climate change leading to soil drying have resulted in an accelerated increase in iWUE. These findings will help to reduce uncertainties in the land surface schemes of global climate models, where vegetation–climate feedbacks are currently still poorly constrained by observational data.

Published
2014

58. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water-use efficiency of European forests

Author

Saurer, Matthias, primary, Spahni, Renato, additional, Frank, David C., additional, Joos, Fortunat, additional, Leuenberger, Markus, additional, Loader, Neil J., additional, McCarroll, Danny, additional, Gagen, Mary, additional, Poulter, Ben, additional, Siegwolf, Rolf T.W., additional, Andreu‐Hayles, Laia, additional, Boettger, Tatjana, additional, Dorado Liñán, Isabel, additional, Fairchild, Ian J., additional, Friedrich, Michael, additional, Gutierrez, Emilia, additional, Haupt, Marika, additional, Hilasvuori, Emmi, additional, Heinrich, Ingo, additional, Helle, Gerd, additional, Grudd, Håkan, additional, Jalkanen, Risto, additional, Levanič, Tom, additional, Linderholm, Hans W., additional, Robertson, Iain, additional, Sonninen, Eloni, additional, Treydte, Kerstin, additional, Waterhouse, John S., additional, Woodley, Ewan J., additional, Wynn, Peter M., additional, and Young, Giles H.F., additional

Published
2014
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61. Eight-hundred years of summer temperature variations in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula reconstructed from tree rings.

Author

Dorado Liñán, Isabel, Zorita, Eduardo, González-Rouco, Jesús, Heinrich, Ingo, Campello, Filipe, Muntán, Elena, Andreu-Hayles, Laia, and Gutiérrez, Emilia

Subjects
*TREE-rings, *SEASONAL temperature variations, *LITTLE Ice Age, *SOLAR radiation
Abstract

July-to-October temperature variations are reconstructed for the last 800 years based on tree-ring widths from the Cazorla Range. Annual tree-ring width at this site has been found to be negatively correlated with temperature of the previous summer. This relationship is genuine, metabolically plausible, and cannot be explained as an indirect correlation mediated by hydroclimate. The resulting reconstruction (NCZ) represents the southernmost annually resolved temperature record based on tree-rings in Europe and provides detailed information on the regional climate evolution during the Late Holocene in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula. The tree-ring based temperature reconstruction of Cazorla Range reveals predominantly warm summer temperatures during the transition between the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) from the 13th to the mid of the sixteenth century. The LIA spanned a slightly longer time (1500-1930 CE) than in other European summer temperature reconstructions from the Alps and Pyrenees. The twentieth century, though warmer than the preceding centuries, does not show unprecedented warmth in the last 800 years. Three ensembles of climate simulations conducted with two global atmosphere-ocean general circulation climate models (GCMs), considering different external forcings, were used for comparison: ECHO-G (Erik) and MPI-ESM (E1 and E2). Additionally, individual simulations were available from GCM included in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, as well as single-forcing simulations performed with MPI-ESM. The comparison of the reconstructed and simulated temperatures revealed a close agreement of NCZ with the simulations performed with total solar irradiance forcing with wider amplitude. Furthermore, the correlations with single-forcing simulations suggest volcanism as the main factor controlling preindustrial summer temperature variations in the Cazorla Range over the last five centuries. The persistent anti-correlation between NCZ and simulated temperatures during the MCA-LIA transitional period underlines the current limitations for attributing temperature variations during that period to internal variability or external forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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62. Spatial variability and temporal trends in water-use efficiency of European forests

Author

Woodley, Ewan J., Sonninen, Eloni, Andreu-Hayles, Laia, Young, Giles H.F., Boettger, Tatjana, Hilasvuori, Emmi, Helle, Gerd, Linderholm, Hans W., Treydte, Kerstin, Haupt, Marika, Levanič, Tom, Frank, David C., Waterhouse, John S., Dorado Liñán, Isabel, Heinrich, Ingo, Joos, Fortunat, Robertson, Iain, Gutierrez, Emilia, Grudd, Håkan, Spahni, Renato, Fairchild, Ian J., Siegwolf, Rolf T.W., Poulter, Ben, Jalkanen, Risto, Saurer, Matthias, Friedrich, Michael, McCarroll, Danny, Leuenberger, Markus, Loader, Neil J., Wynn, Peter M., and Gagen, Mary

Subjects
13. Climate action, 530 Physics, 550 Earth sciences & geology, 15. Life on land

64. Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine–oak ecotone

Author

Ismael Aranda, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Isabel Cañellas, Dario Martin-Benito, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, José Miguel Olano, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, Fundación 'la Caixa', Gea-Izquierdo, Guillermo, Aranda, Ismael, Dorado-Liñán, Isabel, Olano, Jose Miguel, and Martin-Benito, Dario

Subjects
Water-use efficiency, Ecology, Drought, Water stress, Pine–oak, Climate change, Plant Science, Ecotone, Agronomy, Isohydric–anisohydric, Non-structural carbohydrates, Environmental science, Sensitivity (control systems), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

16 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), Forest decline under environmental stress is expressed by regeneration failure and accelerated mortality in all ontogenic stages at the population level. Characterizing functional traits and mechanisms that best capture species decline and mortality is essential to assess forest dynamics. We analysed sensitivity to increasing water stress in two species with different water-use strategies on a mixed Quercus pyrenaica–Pinus sylvestris forest where adult pines express vulnerability to climate change but oaks do not. We compared the dynamics of radial growth, wood δ13C and sapwood non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) in response to drought at different time-scales in both species and two age cohorts in pine. Both species were very sensitive to water stress, which influenced trait phenotypic plasticity at short- and long time-scales. Water-use strategy in pines of both ages was more conservative than in the more drought-tolerant oak. Both species showed negative growth trends despite increasing intrinsic water-use efficiency. Recent growth of pines is slower than it was in the past. Carbon isotope discrimination trends in young pines suggested increasing leaf gas exchange constraints. NSCs were far from depletion in both species and all pine ages. Intra- and inter-annual NSC variability was higher in oaks than in pines and in soluble sugars (SS) than in starch. SS were lowest in young pines. Sensitivity of NSCs to contrasting climatic years was low in pines, and NSC levels mostly remained homeostatic for this species. The sensitivity to climate expressed suggests different C allocation strategies, with less coupling between radial growth and current-year photosynthesis in young pines. Synthesis. Pines expressed negative responses to increased water stress regardless of age, showing rising gas exchange constraints through tighter stomatal control of water losses than oaks. Young pines showed similar functional responses to water stress than old pines in decline, which suggests species-level vulnerability and could be regarded as early warning signals anticipating mortality in pines. Yet, given the high sensitivity to drought also expressed by the non-declining oak, it would have been difficult to unequivocally disentangle species decline based only on the functional traits analysed., This is a contribution to projects AGL2014-61175-JIN and AGL2015-73190-JIN by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, who also funded G.G.-I. with RyC-2014-15864 and D.M.-B. with RYC-2017-23389. In addition, funding to support this work was partly provided by the Autonomous Community of Madrid (REMEDINAL TE-CM-S2018/EMT-4338). I.D.-L. received financial support from project BOSSANOVA (S2013/MAE-2760) and from Fundació La Caixa through the Junior Leader Program (LCF/BQ/LR18/11640004).

Published
2020

65. Dendroclimatología de los encinares del Parque Natural del Montnegre y el Corredor en Barcelona

Author

Rincón Madroñero, Marina C., Dorado Liñán, Isabel, San Miguel Ayanz, Alfonso, and Sánchez González, Mariola

Subjects
Medio Ambiente, Botánica, Silvicultura
Abstract

En el presente trabajo se ha llevado a cabo el estudio de la influencia del clima en el crecimiento secundario de las masas de encina (Quercus ilex subsp. ilex) del Parque Natural del Montnegre y el Corredor, Barcelona. Se enmarca en un convenio de colaboración ente el INIA y la Diputación de Barcelona. La finalidad de este convenio es conocer el comportamiento de las masas del Parque para poder gestionarlas de forma adecuada, dado que los encinares de esta zona presentan la singularidad de ser gestionados como masas irregulares, a diferencia de los del resto de la Península Ibérica. La metodología utilizada para establecer las relaciones entre el clima y el crecimiento ha sido el análisis por correlaciones simples. Para ello se ha generado una cronología o serie media que cubre un periodo de 44 años (1967-2011) a partir de 19 rodajas cortadas a la altura del diámetro normal. Las muestras provienen de los árboles dominantes de parcelas de 10 metros de radio distribuidas a lo largo de toda el área de estudio. Una vez seleccionadas las muestras se procedió a su datación, sincronización y estandarización. Finalmente, se determinó el crecimiento medio por año en una cronología o serie media representativa de toda la masa. Se establecieron las correlaciones mensuales y estacionales entre los crecimientos medios anuales de dicha cronología y las dos variables climáticas que se consideraron las más relevantes: precipitación y temperatura. Para ellos se utilizó un paquete del software libre R, pdlR, en la elaboración de la cronología y Microsoft Excel para hallar las correlaciones. Los resultados muestran que la temperatura no resulta determinante en el crecimiento de las encinas analizadas en el área de estudio. Sin embargo, si se han establecido correlaciones para la precipitación. Se dan valores significativos positivos para los meses de septiembre y octubre del año anterior al crecimiento, así como para la precipitación acumulada de los grupos de meses que los contienen, siendo la combinación de la precipitación acumulada en los meses de agosto-septiembre-octubre para el año anterior al crecimiento la más significativa (0,45). Esto se debe a la capacidad de Quercus ilex para acceder a niveles freáticos profundos debido a la longitud de sus raíces. Por otro lado la precipitación de junio-julio-agosto-septiembre del año de crecimiento tiene una correlación significativa negativa con el crecimiento (-0,33), a causa de las precipitaciones torrenciales que se dan durante el verano, conocidas como gota fría. Los resultados muestran que los encinares del área de estudio son bastante sensibles a la los cambios en el régimen de precipitaciones. Según las predicciones sobre la evolución del cambio climático, se producirá una disminución de las precipitaciones, así como un aumento de los eventos extremos. Estos cambios podrían afectar negativamente a las encinas del área de estudio, elevando la tasa de mortalidad. Por ello, este trabajo puede suponer una buena base para iniciar un estudio de medidas de gestión necesarias para mitigar los efectos adversos de este fenómeno.

Published
2017

66. Risky future for Mediterranean forests unless they undergo extreme carbon fertilization

Author

Antoine Nicault, Emilia Gutiérrez, Joel Guiot, Guillermo Gea-Izquierdo, Montserrat Ribas, Isabel Dorado-Liñán, Giovanna Battipaglia, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Barcelona, Second University of Naples-Caserta, University of Naples Federico II, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Gea Izquierdo, Guillermo, Nicault, Antoine, Battipaglia, Giovanna, Dorado Liñán, Isabel, Gutiérrez, Emilia, Ribas, Montserrat, Guiot, Joel, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, forest dynamics, dendroecology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Forests, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Trees, chemistry.chemical_compound, water stress, MAIDEN, Climate change scenario, Environmental Chemistry, process-based model, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Resistance (ecology), Forest dynamics, forest dynamic, Primary production, water stre, Vegetation, Carbon Dioxide, 15. Life on land, Carbon, Droughts, process-based models, climate change, chemistry, 13. Climate action, carbon fertilization, Carbon dioxide, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; Forest performance is challenged by climate change but higher atmospheric [CO2] (c(a)) could help trees mitigate the negative effect of enhanced water stress. Forest projections using data assimilation with mechanistic models are a valuable tool to assess forest performance. Firstly, we used dendrochronological data from 12 Mediterranean tree species (six conifers and six broadleaves) to calibrate a process-based vegetation model at 77 sites. Secondly, we conducted simulations of gross primary production (GPP) and radial growth using an ensemble of climate projections for the period 2010-2100 for the high-emission RCP8.5 and low-emission RCP2.6 scenarios. GPP and growth projections were simulated using climatic data from the two RCPs combined with (i) expected c(a); (ii) constant c(a) = 390 ppm, to test a purely climate-driven performance excluding compensation from carbon fertilization. The model accurately mimicked the growth trends since the 1950s when, despite increasing c(a), enhanced evaporative demands precluded a global net positive effect on growth. Modeled annual growth and GPP showed similar longterm trends. Under RCP2.6 (i.e., temperatures below +2 degrees C with respect to preindustrial values), the forests showed resistance to future climate (as expressed by non-negative trends in growth and GPP) except for some coniferous sites. Using exponentially growing c(a) and climate as from RCP8.5, carbon fertilization overrode the negative effect of the highly constraining climatic conditions under that scenario. This effect was particularly evident above 500 ppm (which is already over +2 degrees C), which seems unrealistic and likely reflects model miss-performance at high c(a) above the calibration range. Thus, forest projections under RCP8.5 preventing carbon fertilization displayed very negative forest performance at the regional scale. This suggests that most of western Mediterranean forests would successfully acclimate to the coldest climate change scenario but be vulnerable to a climate warmer than +2 degrees C unless the trees developed an exaggerated fertilization response to [CO2].

Published
2017

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