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Summary Purpose Self-expandable metallic stent (SEMS) placement is an accepted palliative therapy for management of acute malignant bowel obstruction in advanced colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, data are lacking on the effects of systemic chemotherapy combined with colorectal SEMS. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of palliative chemotherapy for advanced colorectal cancer combined with colorectal SEMS placement. Patients and methods This multicentre retrospective study included all consecutive advanced colorectal cancer patients who received first-line palliative chemotherapy combined with endoscopic stenting for colorectal cancer with obstruction. We analyzed the number of cycles and the type of combination used. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, response rate, grade 3–4 toxicity and the outcomes of SEMS for malignant colorectal obstruction. Results A total of 38 patients were included. Among them, 25 patients received oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil combination chemotherapy. Objective response and stabilization occurred in 38 and 24% of patients, respectively. The median overall survival and progression-free survival from the start of chemotherapy were 18 and 5 months, respectively. The objective response rate and overall disease control rate were 38 and 62%, respectively. Toxicity was generally acceptable. Major complications related to stenting included perforation (8%), stent migration (5%), and reobstruction secondary to tumor ingrowths (13%). Conclusions Chemotherapy combined with colonic stenting as a first-line treatment seems to be a valid option in advanced colorectal cancer patients with malignant colorectal obstruction.

International audience; The purpose of this research project is to assess mice colon wall, using three optical modalities (conventional endoscopy, confocal endomicroscopy and optical spectroscopy) and endoluminal MRI. The study is done in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer that represent 13% of new cases of cancer, every year in western countries. An optical spectroscopic bench (autofluorescence and reflectance) was developed with a flexible fiber probe. This latter has been combined with a mini multi-purpose rigid endoscope and a confocal endomicroscope. The optical modalities were first used in vivo on SWISS mice. Then, a specific optical a phantom (containing two layers of distinct fluorophores) was developed in order to evaluate our two-channel spectroscopic probe as a basic depth-sensitive measurement tool. The preliminary results show the feasibility to combine such modalities in the same in vivo protocol. Conventional endoscopy is useful to depict inflammation along colon wall. Confocal endomicroscopy provides high-contrasted images of microvascularization. Measured optical spectra both depend on biochemical tissue content and layered structure of the medium. The light collected from one channel is not similar to the other, in terms of intensity and spectroscopic profile as the interaction with the medium observed volume is different. A comparative analysis of the spectra based on our in vitro model exhibits a strong correlation between simple index extracted from spectral data and two main phantom characteristics (fluorophore concentrations and superficial layer thickness). This work suggests that this technique could contribute to assess tissues alterations through autofluorescence spectroscopic measurement under endoscopy.

In addition to non-digested nutrients, human stools contain endogenous substrates, among which bacteria are a major component, whose growth may be stimulated when more dietary nutrients are available for bacterial fermentation, as in patients with malabsorption syndrome. We assessed the energy content and composition of both stools and faecal bacteria in healthy volunteers and patients with a short bowel and colon in continuity (SBC). Our goal was to clarify the magnitude of error introduced by the faecal bacteria in the measurement of the digestibility of ingested energy and nutrients. We studied six healthy volunteers and six patients with a SBC under free oral intake. The bacterial mass of stools was isolated. In the bacterial fractions and fresh stools, calorie, fat, nitrogen and short-chain fatty acid contents were determined. The Wilcoxon signed rank or the Mann–Whitney tests were used for comparison. In healthy volunteers and patients with SBC, faecal bacterial mass accounted for 44 and 35% of faecal dry weight, and contained 50 and 34% of total faecal energy. In healthy volunteers, the apparent digestibilities when corrected by bacterial constituents (88–97% according to nutrients) were significantly higher than the apparent non-corrected digestibilities (84–94%). In patients with SBC, the corrected apparent digestibilities (69–89% according to nutrients) were significantly higher than the apparent non-corrected digestibilities (54–83%). The error introduced by the faecal bacterial fraction when assessing the extent of nutrient digestibility is small in healthy volunteers; it is more pronounced in patients with SBC, reaching 18% for the digestibility of ingested fat.

International audience; BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus in refractory ulcerative colitis often serves as a bridge to long-term maintenance therapy with thiopurines. Our aim was to review efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in active ulcerative colitis resistant to conventional therapies, including anti-tumour necrosis factor. METHODS: Charts of consecutive outpatients with refractory ulcerative colitis, in whom tacrolimus was orally administered as a 12 week-induction (target trough levels 10-15ng/mL) followed by a maintenance therapy (target trough levels 5-10ng/mL), were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical remission and response at weeks 4, 12 and 52 as well as adverse events within 1-year therapy were reported. RESULTS: Twelve (40%) and six (20%) of the 30 patients included (14 males, mean age 37.1\textpm1.4 years) achieved a clinical remission and response, respectively, at week 12. Three responders to tacrolimus initiation experienced drug-related adverse events requiring discontinuation. Among the 18 remaining initial responders who tolerated tacrolimus, 8 (27%) were in clinical remission at week 52, whereas the remainder either experienced adverse events requiring drug withdrawal (n=4) or relapsed (n=6). Overall adverse events were recorded in 14 patients (46%), mainly finger tremor and urinary infections. CONCLUSION: Oral monotherapy with tacrolimus may be a valuable long-term therapeutic option in selected patients with moderate-to-severe active refractory ulcerative colitis.

A substantial decrease in Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcer disease has been observed during the last decades. Drug-related ulcers as well as idiopathic ulcers are becoming predominant and are more refractory to treatment; however, H. pylori infection still plays an important role in ulcer bleeding and recurrence after therapy. The effect of H. pylori eradication upon functional dyspepsia symptoms has been reviewed in this article and generally confirms the results of previous meta-analyses. Additional evidence suggests a lack of impact upon the quality of life, in spite of improvement in symptoms. The association of H. pylori with gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus remains controversial with a majority of published studies showing a negative association. Furthermore, a strong inverse relationship between the presence of H. pylori and the esophageal eosinophilia was also reported. Several studies and a review addressed the role of H. pylori in autoimmune gastritis and pernicious anemia. The association of the above still remains controversial. Finally, the necessity of routine endoscopy and H. pylori eradication before bariatric surgery is discussed. Several studies suggest the rationale of preoperative upper endoscopy and H. pylori eradication prior to surgery. However, the prevalence of H. pylori infection prior to surgery in these studies generally reflects the overall prevalence of the infection in the particular geographic area. In addition, results on the role of H. pylori in developing postoperative complications remain controversial.

Background Colonoscopy with pan-chromoendoscopy (CE) is superior to standard colonoscopy in detecting neoplasia in patients with IBD. Performing random biopsies in unsuspicious mucosa after CE remains controversial. Methods Consecutive patients with IBD who underwent surveillance colonoscopy using CE were prospectively included. The standardised procedure used CE, performed targeted biopsies or endoscopic resection on suspicious lesions and then quadrant random biopsies every 10 cm. A panel of five expert pathologists reviewed histological slides with dysplasia. Logistic regression model was used to evidence the factors associated with neoplasia in any or in random biopsies. Results 1000 colonoscopes were performed in 1000 patients (495 UC, 505 Crohn9s colitis). In 82 patients, neoplasia was detected from targeted biopsies or removed lesions, and among them dysplasia was detected also by random biopsies in 7 patients. Importantly, in 12 additional patients dysplasia was only detected by random biopsies. Overall, 140 neoplastic sites were found in 94 patients, 112 (80%) from targeted biopsies or removed lesions and 28 (20%) by random biopsies. The yield of neoplasia by random biopsies only was 0.2% per-biopsy (68/31 865), 1.2% per-colonoscopy (12/1000) but 12.8% per-patient with neoplasia (12/94). Dysplasia detected by random biopsies was associated with a personal history of neoplasia, a tubular appearing colon and the presence of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Conclusions Despite their low yield, random biopsies should be performed in association with CE in patients with IBD with a personal history of neoplasia, concomitant PSC or a tubular colon during colonoscopy. Trial registration number IRB 001508, Paris 7 University.

In recent years, a second pathway for colonic carcinogenesis, distinct from the adenomatous pathway, has been explored. This is referred to as serrated pathway and includes three types of polyp, characterised by a serrated appearance of the crypts: hyperplastic polyps (HP), sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) or lesions, and traditional serrated adenomas. Each lesion has its own genetic, as well as macroscopic and microscopic morphological features. Because of their flat aspect, their detection is easier with chromoendoscopy (carmin indigo or narrow-band imaging). However, as we show in this review, the distinction between SSA and HP is quite difficult. It is now recommended to resect in one piece as it is possible the serrated polyps with a control in a delay depending on the presence or not of dysplasia. These different types of lesion are described in detail in the present review in general population, in polyposis and in inflammatory bowel diseases patients. This review highlights the need to improve characterization and understanding of this way of colorectal cancerogenesis.

In Lynch syndrome, flat and diminutive adenomas are particularly prone to malignant transformation, but they can be missed by standard colonoscopy. It is not known whether chromocolonoscopy is able to detect more adenomas than standard colonoscopy in patients with Lynch syndrome.We conducted a prospective, multicenter, randomized trial to compare standard colonoscopy with standard colonoscopy followed by pancolonic chromoscopy with indigo carmine in patients with a proven germline mutation in a mismatch-repair gene related to Lynch syndrome and who were undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Standard colonoscopy was used first to detect visible lesions. Colonoscopy with chromoscopy was then performed by a second gastroenterologist (blinded to the findings of the first colonoscopy) to detect additional lesions. The primary end point was the number of patients in whom at least one adenoma was detected.A total of 78 eligible patients (median age, 45 years) were enrolled at 10 centers from July 2008 to August 2009. Significantly more patients with at least one adenoma were identified by chromocolonoscopy (32/78 (41%)) than by standard colonoscopy (18/78 (23%); P0.001). The percentage of patients in whom at least one additional adenoma was detected during the chromoscopy was 31% (24/78). Overall, chromocolonoscopy plus colonoscopy detected a total of 55 adenomas in 32 patients (mean number of adenomas detected per patient: 0.7 vs. standard colonoscopy alone: 0.3; P0.001).The results support the proposition that chromocolonoscopy may significantly improve the detection rate of colorectal adenomas in patients undergoing screening or surveillance colonoscopy for Lynch syndrome.

Background Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and severe (stage IV) duodenal polyposis are candidates for pancreaticoduodenectomy, which has high morbidity. Little information is available about the feasibility of therapeutic endoscopy for these patients. Objective To evaluate the long-term efficiency and risks of endoscopic therapy. Design Retrospective study. Setting A 2-referral center long-term cohort study. Patients Thirty-five FAP patients (15 men, mean age 48 years) presenting with stage IV duodenal polyposis were included. Patients had a mean Spigelman classification score of 9.8 points (range 9-12 points) at their first examination. Interventions Patients underwent a surveillance endoscopy, including lateral and axial viewing with chromoendoscopy while under sedation, along with 7 ± 4.8 therapeutic endoscopic sessions during a follow-up period of 9 ± 4.5 years (range 1-19 years) after their first endoscopy. Main Outcome Measurements Treatment modalities, adverse events, and efficiency (evolution of the Spigelman score) were reviewed. Results A total of 245 therapeutic endoscopies were performed and 15 adverse events (6%) occurred. During the follow-up period, Spigelman scores decreased in 95% of patients by 6 ± 2.2 points ( P = .002). Modeling analysis showed that the mean Spigelman score decreased by 60% after 150 months. Limitations Retrospective study and the duration of the follow-up, even though this is the longest follow-up reported in medical literature. Conclusion Endoscopic treatment of severe duodenal polyposis in patients with FAP produces few adverse events and allows efficient downstaging of the polyposis. Long-term follow-up data did not reveal a high risk of invasive duodenal cancer in these patients.

Resume Nous rapportons le cas d’un malade de 72 ans souffrant de rectocolite hemorragique corticodependante et ayant presente une aplasie medullaire febrile. Celle-ci etait survenue 3 jours apres la deuxieme injection sous-cutanee hebdomadaire de methotrexate (25 mg/sem). L’aplasie etait associee a une septicemie a Klebsiella pneumoniae dont l’evolution a ete favorable sous traitement antibiotique. L’aplasie medullaire est un effet secondaire rare mais grave du traitement par methotrexate a faible dose. Dans notre observation, la toxicite hematologique du methotrexate etait favorisee par un âge superieur a 65 ans, une insuffisance renale et une hypoalbuminemie. Ce cas clinique incite a une surveillance rapprochee des parametres biologiques hematologiques en cas d’instauration d’un traitement par methotrexate surtout en presence de facteurs de risque.

BACKGROUND Fecal biomarkers have emerged as an important tool for assessing and monitoring disease activity in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). We performed a prospective head-to-head comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of both fecal calprotectin (fCal) and neopterin (fNeo), and serum C-reactive protein in predicting endoscopic disease severity in patients with IBD. METHODS A total of 133 consecutive patients with IBD (78 Crohn's disease [CD] and 55 ulcerative colitis [UC]) undergoing a colonoscopy provided fecal samples for the measurement of fCal and fNeo concentrations and a blood sample for the serum C-reactive protein measurement. Endoscopic disease activities were scored independently according to the Simple Endoscopic Score for CD in patients with CD and to the Rachmilewitz Index in patients with UC. The respective performances of the fecal markers with respect to endoscopic disease severity were assessed by computing correlations, sensitivities, specificities, and overall accuracies at adjusted cutoffs and also test operating characteristics. RESULTS The fCal and fNeo concentrations differed significantly in clinically and endoscopically active IBD when compared with those in patients with inactive disease. Both fCal and fNeo concentrations correlated closer with endoscopic scores in UC (r = 0.75 and r = 0.72, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both) than in CD (r = 0.53 and r = 0.47, respectively; P < 0.0001 for both). Using cutoffs of 250 μg/g for fCal and 200 pmol/g for fNeo, both fecal markers had similar overall accuracies to predict endoscopic activity in patients with CD (74%) and also a higher and similar accuracies (88% and 90%, respectively) in patients with UC, whereas accuracies of C-reactive protein were slightly lower in patients with CD and UC. CONCLUSIONS The fNeo is a novel reliable surrogate biomarker with the potential to identify patients with IBD with active mucosal lesions and represents an alternative marker as accurate as fCal to predict and monitor the severity of mucosal damages in patients with IBD.

3512Background: Liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) are initially resectable in only 10-15% of patients (pts). The conversion to resectability following induction chemotherapy is an ...

Objectives: Loss of intestinal barrier function plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Shedding of intestinal epithelial cells is a potential cause of barrier loss during inflammation. The objectives of the study were (1) to determine whether cell shedding and barrier loss in humans can be detected by confocal endomicroscopy and (2) whether these parameters predict relapse of IBD. Methods: Confocal endomicroscopy was performed in IBD and control patients using intravenous fluorescein to determine the relationship between cell shedding and local barrier dysfunction. A grading system based on appearances at confocal endomicroscopy in humans was devised and used to predict relapse in a prospective pilot study of 47 patients with ulcerative colitis and 11 patients with Crohn's disease. Results: Confocal endomicroscopy in humans detected shedding epithelial cells and local barrier defects as plumes of fluorescein effluxing through the epithelium. Mouse experiments demonstrated inward flow through some leakage-associated shedding events, which was increased when luminal osmolarity was decreased. In IBD patients in clinical remission, increased cell shedding with fluorescein leakage was associated with subsequent relapse within 12 months after endomicroscopic examination (p

International audience; BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Interaction of bacteria with the immune system within the intestinal mucosa plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the current study was to develop a fluorescein-aided confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) method to visualise intramucosal enteric bacteria in vivo and to determine the involved mucosal area in the colon and ileum in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: Initially, E coli strains expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (pEGFP) were endomicroscopically imaged in mice. In addition, ex vivo and in vivo imaging of fluorescent human enteric bacteria was performed to specify the distinct endomicroscopic appearance of enteral bacteria. Targeted mucosal biopsies towards endomicroscopic identifiable intramucosal bacteria and negative mucosal areas were prospectively obtained during colonoscopy and correlated with bench-top fluorescence microscopy (FISH) to prove the endomicroscopic visualisation of intramucosal bacteria. Finally, a retrospective analysis as well as a prospective study was performed in patients with UC and CD to confirm the presence and distribution of intramucosal bacteria within the gut. RESULTS: Confocal endomicroscopy was able to identify intramucosal pEGFP E coli in mice and strains of enteric microflora in the mucosa of humans. Using FISH as the gold standard, evaluation of 21 patients showed that CLE had a sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 100% to identify intramucosal bacteria. In a retrospective study, 113 patients with CD and UC had intramucosal bacteria significantly more often than 50 control patients (66% vs 60% vs 14%, p

Background/Aims: A positive breath hydrogen test (BH2 T) suggesting the presence of a small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) might be a factor increasing the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in cirrhotic patients. In this prospective observational study, we aimed to determine whether a positive BH2 T was associated in time with the development of SBP in cirrhotics with ascites. Methods: During a 3-year period, we prospectively included 29 consecutive cirrhotics with ascites but without previous episodes of SBP or recent antibiotherapy. Every 3 months or before in the event of cirrhosis complications, patients underwent clinical examination, routine laboratory tests, analysis of ascitic fluid and a BH2 T after ingestion of 50 g D-glucose. Results: During a mean follow-up of 12 months (range 3–33), 11 patients were prematurely withdrawn from the study without SBP (3 transplantations, 2 lost to follow-up, 6 deaths from hepatorenal syndrome, terminal liver failure, variceal bleeding or septic shock) and 9 developed SBP. In the 29 patients, 116 BH2 T were performed and were positive 12 times in 8 patients; however, in the same patient the positivity was not constant during the follow-up and not related to the clinical presence of ascites. Among the 9 patients who developed SBP, only 2 had a previous transitory positive BH2 T, which became negative at least 3 months before the occurrence of SBP. Conclusion: In cirrhotics with ascites the diagnosis of SBP is not associated in time with a recent positive BH2 T.

Background Patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) often present with recurrent anemia because of epistaxis or GI bleeding in relation to telangiectases mostly located in the stomach or small bowel. Capsule endoscopy is considered a major diagnostic tool for small-bowel diseases, but the impact of capsule endoscopy imaging on patient management in HHT is poorly understood. Objective To clarify the contribution of capsule endoscopy in selected patients with HHT. Design Prospective, descriptive study. Setting Multicenter, two university hospital tertiary-care centers, from January 2003 to June 2007. Patients This study involved 30 patients with HHT and severe anemia (hemoglobin Intervention Capsule endoscopy investigation. Main Outcome Measurements Clinical characteristics and capsule endoscopy results and their clinical consequences. Results Capsule endoscopy detected gastric and small-bowel telangiectases in 14 (46.7%) and 26 (86.7%) cases, respectively. Active bleeding was present in 36.7% of cases. Diffuse telangiectases were detected in 42.3% without correlation with age, sex, or type of HHT mutation. Further investigations were carried out as a consequence of the capsule endoscopy results in 67% of cases. Treatment, consisting mostly of endoscopic argon plasma coagulation, was scheduled in 46.7% of patients. Limitations Our population was essentially composed of patients with the ALK1 mutation. Conclusion This study shows that there is a high diagnostic yield for capsule endoscopy in selected patients with HHT. Capsule endoscopy makes possible precise mapping of lesions and has a considerable impact on the management of these selected patients by using a predefined algorithm: a limited number of accessible lesions is suitable for endoscopic treatment, whereas innumerable diffuse lesions require a medical approach. We suggest that capsule endoscopy could be a first-line, noninvasive, digestive tract examination in selected patients with HHT.

A 72 year-old man with steroid-dependent ulcerative colitis was treated with methotrexate at 25 mg subcutaneous weekly. Three days after the second injection of methotrexate a pancytopenia occurred associated with a Klebsiella pneumoniae septicemia which evolution was favourable under treatment. Pancytopenia is a rare but severe adverse effect of low-dose methotrexate therapy. In our patient the risk factors were age upper than 65 years, renal insufficiency and hypoalbuminemia. This report emphasizes the need for a close monitoring of hematologic tests after onset of methotrexate particularly if some risk factors are present.

Background: In the era of biologics, mucosal healing became a therapeutic target in Crohn's disease (CD) patients, however, this outcome is difficult to evaluate in daily practice because it induce the need of repeated colonoscopies. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance enterocolonography (DW-MREC) has shown good accuracy to detect and assess inflammatory activity in CD [1] [2]. We aimed to assess the correlation between endoscopic lesions and DW-MREC parameters i.e. Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) and Clermont score (CS) [2].Methods: In this prospective study, all the patients underwent consecutively DW-MREC with no bowel cleansing, with no rectal enema [2] and colonoscopy within 4 weeks (mean interval=17±11 days). Radiologists were blinded from endoscopic findings and endoscopists were blinded from radiologic findings. Results are given in mean ± standard deviation. Results: Among the 43 CD patients, 9 (20.5%) had previous intestinal surgery. CDAI, CRP and fecal calprotectin value were 179±93, 31.1±8.0g/L and 1172.9±730.3μg/g, respectively. The CDEIS, SES-CD and CS were 6.8±7.1, 9.2+/-8.0 and 15.8±10.7, respectively. Mean ADC was inversely correlated with CDEIS (rho=-0.40; p=0.0067) and SES-CD (rho=-0.33; p=0.032). Considering the 194 segments (ileum=37, colorectal=159), ADC was inversely correlated with segmental CDEIS (-0.48; p 20mm (1.50±0.53)(p=0.0001). Considering the 37 ileal segments, CS correlated with ileal CDEIS (0.62; p 18.9 detected ulcerations with Se=0.79 and Spe=0.73. CS increased with the ulceration size (p=0.012). Conclusions: Although MRI correlated moderately with endoscopic scores, DW-MREC using ADC and Clermont score was highly effective to indirectly detect endoscopic ulcerations in CD. Thus, DW-MREC could lead to define MRI healing as a new treatment goal in CD, and could be easily used both in daily practice and in clinical trials. [1] Buisson A et al. Aliment Pharmacol ther 2013;37:537-45. [2] Hordonneau C et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:89-98.

The relationship between plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration and its soluble receptor in Crohn’s disease (CD) is not well elucidated. Twenty healthy volunteers and 94 consecutive patients with CD (44 in relapse and 50 in remission) were studied. Plasma IL-6 concentrations in patients with active disease [80 ± 9 pg/ml; mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)] were significantly higher than in patients with inactive disease (50 ± 4 pg/ml; P

To know whether the therapeutic protocol applied in the case of severe acute ulcerative colitis (UC) associating ciclosporine and azathioprine was also effective in the case of moderate chronic active ulcerative colitis (UC).in this retrospective study 10 patients (31-65 years, 6 distal colitis, 1 left colitis, 3 pancolitis) moderately active and corticosteroid-resistant or dependent were included. Patients received ciclosporine intraveinously (4 mg/kg/d) and were evaluated 10 days later. If efficient, ciclosporine was given orally for 3 Months, azathioprine was introduced and steroids were progressively tapered.on inclusion the clinical score, based on the Mayo Clinic score, was of 5.7 +/- 0.5. On Day 10, the score decreased significantly (2.1 +/- 0.7, p0.001) and the therapeutic effect was sustained at the third Month (1.8 +/- 0.7). With azathioprine, 4 patients were still in remission with a mean follow up of 23.3 +/- 15.5 Months.therapeutic scheme proposed in severe acute UC failing to respond to steroids may be helpful in some patients with a chronic active UC. Clinical improvement is rapid and long-term response is maintained in about 1 patient out of 2.

Le rituximab est un anticorps monoclonal chimerique anti-CD20 utilise dans la prise en charge therapeutique de certaines hemopathies malignes et maladies auto-immunes. Chez les malades porteurs chroniques du virus de l'hepatite B, une reactivation virale B parfois severe est classique dans les suites d'un traitement par une chimiotherapie intensive associee ou non au rituximab. La survenue de cette complication, en rapport avec une restauration immunitaire, a ete rarement observee apres un traitement exclusif par rituximab. Nous rapportons un cas de reactivation virale B survenant 4 mois apres l'arret d'un traitement par rituximab pour un lymphome du MALT gastrique.

4108 Background: In locally advanced gastric cancer, perioperative chemotherapy (CT) is often recommended. The chemoradiotherapy (CTRT) interest is supported by the high risk of regional recurrence. The aim of this trial was to assess the feasibility of complete treatment (CT+CTRT+surgery) with a CT regimen efficient and well tolerated in metastatic phase. Methods: Histologically proven gastric carcinoma, with T3 and or N+, M0 according to CTscan or endoscopic ultrasound, WHO status ≤ 1 and allowing major surgery were eligible in this phase II multicenter study. The treatment consisted of 4 courses of FOLFIRI followed by concomitant CTRT (45 Gy at 1.8 Gy per fraction in 5 weeks, 5FU 200 mg/mg2 days 1 to 5 each week of radiotherapy), followed by surgical resection with partial or total gastrectomy according to the localization of the tumor 30 days after, with D1 or D2 lymphadenectomy. A complete treatment was defined by full CT courses, at least 22.5 fractions of RT (90% fractions) and 75% of the 5FU dose,...

Introduction L’adenocarcinome duodenal est la deuxieme cause de mortalite apres colectomie dans la polypose adenomateuse familiale. Les adenomes duodenaux sont presents chez quasiment tous les patients, mais avec une severite variable classee en 4 stades (score de Spiegelman) prenant en compte le nombre, la taille, l’aspect tubulo-villeux et le degre de dysplasie. Au stade IV, l’attitude de reference est chirurgicale mais un traitement endoscopique est parfois propose. But Evaluer l’efficacite et les risques au long cours d’une attitude therapeutique endoscopique premiere pour les patients porteurs d’une polypose duodenale avancee (stade IV). Patients et Methodes Etude retrospective bicentrique d’une cohorte de patients suivis et traites de facon standardisee pour une polypose duodenale classee initialement au stade IV de Spiegelman. Population : 36 patients (16 hommes, 20 femmes) d’âge moyen de 48 ± 12 ans (extremes 22-73 ans) porteurs d’une polypose duodenale de stade IV. Le score de Spiegelman etait evalue a chaque endoscopie. La duree moyenne de la maladie etait de 22 ± 10 ans (3-43) et celle du suivi endoscopique etait de 11 ± 6 ans (0,5-20). Resultats Le nombre moyen d’endoscopies par patient etait de 11,8 ± 6,6 (2 - 26).). Le delai moyen de l’apparition du stade IV par rapport au debut du suivi etait de 4,7 ± 4,8 (mediane de 4, extremes 0 - 17). Apres traitement endoscopique du stade IV, le recul moyen du suivi etait de 6 ± 3,8 ans (0,5 - 17, mediane 6). Le score moyen de Spiegelman initial etait de 9,9 ± 1 points (9 - 12) au moment du diagnostic du stade IV et de 5,8 ± 1,7 (0 - 8) apres traitement (p = 0,002). Les traitements endoscopiques employes etaient : laser YAG (2 patients), phototherapie dynamique (6 patients), argon (27 patients), argon et mucosectomie (7 patients) mucosectomie (18 patients). Douze patients presentaient un ampullome en DBG, 13 en DHG et 1 patient avec 1 foyer d’adenocarcinome. Traitement des neoplasies ampullaires : laser (2 patients), sphincterotomie (4 patients), ampullectomie (15 patients). 6 % (12/197) des endoscopies therapeutiques etaient suivies d’une complication : hemorragie retardee (7), pancreatite (4) et perforation duodenale (1) ayant necessite un drainage chirurgical. Trois patients ont du etre operes (1 ampullectomie et 2 resections duodeno-jejunales). Un patient traite est en attente de controle. Au cours du suivi, 4 patients sont decedes de : cholangiocarcinome (2 pts), cancer du rectum metastatique (1 pt), cancer pulmonaire (1 pt). Aucun adenocarcinome duodenal invasif n’a ete diagnostique. Conclusion Avec un recul moyen de 6 ans, la prise en charge endoscopique des patients porteurs d’une polypose duodenale avancee (stade IV) apparait etre une alternative a la chirurgie, aboutissant a une diminution du stade chez 95 % des patients, sans aucun adenocarcinome invasif diagnostique.