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51. Effectiveness of Melatonin in the Treatment of Sleep Disturbances in Children with Asperger Disorder

Author

Eeva T. Aronen, Lennart von Wendt, E. Juulia Paavonen, Raija Vanhala, and Taina Nieminen-von Wendt

Subjects
Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Child Behavior, Melatonin, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, 030225 pediatrics, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), In patient, Asperger Syndrome, Child, Psychiatry, Sleep quality, Sleep in non-human animals, Treatment period, 3. Good health, Discontinuation, Clinical trial, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Adolescent Behavior, Treatment study, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Sleep, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract

Sleep disturbances are common in patients with Asperger disorder. Although these sleep problems are often persistent and may significantly impair the child's daytime well-being, no treatment studies have been reported. In this open clinical trial, the effectiveness of melatonin was studied in a sample of 15 children with Asperger disorder (13 boys, 2 girls) aged 6-17 years using several questionnaires and actigraph measurements. They included assessments of sleep quality, tiredness, and behavior. Melatonin (3 mg/day) was used for 14 days. All the measurements were made three times: before the treatment period, during the treatment (days 12-14), and 3 weeks after the discontinuation of the treatment. The sleep patterns of all the children improved, and half of them displayed excellent responses to melatonin. In particular, actigraphically measured sleep latency decreased from 40.02 +/- 24.09 minutes to 21.82 +/- 9.64 minutes (p = 0.002), whereas sleep duration remained steady at 477.40 +/- 55.56 minutes and 480.48 +/- 50.71 minutes. Despite the short duration of the treatment, behavioral measures also displayed a significant improvement, and most of the effect disappeared after the discontinuation of the melatonin (p = 0.001). In conclusion, melatonin may provide an interesting new and well-tolerated treatment option for children with Asperger disorder suffering from chronic insomnia. However, these results must be confirmed in a controlled study.

Published
2003

52. Working Memory and Sleep in 6- to 13-Year-Old Schoolchildren

Author

Synnöve Carlson, Virve Vuontela, Eeva T. Aronen, Mika Fjällberg, Maija-Riikka Steenari, and E. Juulia Paavonen

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Audiology, Affect (psychology), Statistics, Nonparametric, Developmental psychology, Visual memory, Reaction Time, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Latency (engineering), Child, Finland, Working memory, Cognition, Actigraphy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Memory, Short-Term, Linear Models, Female, Sleep (system call), Verbal memory, Sleep, Psychology
Abstract

To study the associations between sleep quality/quantity and performance in auditory/visual working memory tasks of different load levels.Sixty schoolchildren aged 6 to 13 years from normal school classes voluntarily participated. Actigraphy measurement was done during a typical school week for 72 consecutive hours. It was timed together with the working memory experiments to obtain information on children's sleep during that period. The n-back task paradigm was used to examine auditory and visual working memory functions.Lower sleep efficiency and longer sleep latency were associated with a higher percentage of incorrect responses in working memory tasks at all memory load levels (partial correlations, controlling for age, all p values.05, except in visual 0-back and auditive 2-back tasks); shorter sleep duration was associated with performing tasks at the highest load level only (partial correlations, controlling for age,p.05). Also in general linear models (controlling for age, gender, and socioeconomic status), sleep efficiency (F = 11.706, p = .050) and latency (F = 3.588, p = .034) were significantly associated with the mean incorrect response rate in auditory working memory tasks.Sleep quality and quantity affect performance of working memory tasks in school-age children. In children with learning difficulties the possibility of underlying sleep problems should be excluded.

Published
2003

53. [Untitled]

Author

Mika Fjällberg, Mika Soininen, E. Juulia Paavonen, and Eeva T. Aronen

Subjects
Activity level, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Physiology, Objective data, Actigraphy, Psychiatry and Mental health, Rhythm, El Niño, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Day length, Circadian rhythm, Risk factor, Psychology
Abstract

The associations between day length and activity, rest-activity rhythm, and psychiatric symptoms were studied. Sixty-six healthy children participated in the study during one year. They were monitored for 72 consecutive hours with belt-worn activity monitors (actigraphs) to obtain objective data on their activity levels during the day and night. In addition, the parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklists. It was found, that the mean total and day and night time activity levels were increased and the relative circadian amplitude blunted with the longer day length. It was concluded that day length was associated with activity level and rest-activity rhythm and this association may reflect the seasonal changes in these parameters.

Published
2002

54. Sleep and Psychiatric Symptoms in School-Age Children

Author

Mika Fjällberg, Eeva T. Aronen, Mika Soininen, Johanna Törrönen, and E. Juulia Paavonen

Subjects
Male, Parents, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Polysomnography, education, Child Behavior Disorders, Neurological disorder, Hyperkinesis, Social issues, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Humans, Attention, Child, Psychiatry, Observer Variation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Sleep disorder, 4. Education, Social environment, Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic, Actigraphy, medicine.disease, Faculty, Sleep in non-human animals, Psychiatry and Mental health, El Niño, Conduct disorder, Impulsive Behavior, Sleep Deprivation, Female, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Objective To assess associations between the quantity and quality of children's sleep and parent- and teacher-reported psychiatric symptoms. Method Forty-nine physically healthy 7- to 12-year-old children from normal classes participated. They were monitored for 72 consecutive hours with belt-worn activity monitors (actigraphs) to obtain objective data on their daytime and nighttime activity and sleep. In addition, Child Behavior Checklists and Teacher's Report Forms were filled out by the parents and teachers, respectively. Results Quantity of sleep was significantly associated with total symptom score on the Teacher's Report Form. The highest associations were found between low true sleep time and teacher-reported externalizing symptoms such as aggressive and delinquent behavior and attention and social problems. Sleep parameters were not associated with parent-reported psychiatric symptoms, except for the association found between delayed sleep latency and aggressive, delinquent behavior. Conclusions The objectively measured amount of school-age children's sleep was associated with teacher-reported psychiatric symptoms. Parents may be unaware of their child's sleep deficiencies as the behavioral problems may be more evident at school than at home. Sensitive and objective measurements are needed to rule out the possibility of inadequate sleep underlying behavioral problems.

Published
2000

55. [Media and children's well-being]

Author

E Juulia, Paavonen, Mira, Roine, Piia, Korhonen, Satu, Valkonen, Marjo, Pennonen, Jukka, Partanen, and Anja Riitta, Lahikainen

Subjects
Internet, Leisure Activities, Video Games, Child Behavior, Humans, Television, Mass Media, Violence, Child
Abstract

Watching television, video and computer games, and internet constitute a significant part of children's leisure time. High media exposure, however, increases the risk of psychosocial symptoms in children, such as aggressions, difficulties of behavioral regulation and concentration. In particular, media violence is thought to be harmful for children's well-being. Although the risks associated with media exposure may at least partly reflect the accumulation of social risk factors, they also seem to have an independent role as a factor increasing the symptoms. It is likely that the adverse effects of media can be lessened by providing guidance for parents.

Published
2011

56. Morningness propensity in young adults born prematurely: the Helsinki study of very low birth weight adults

Author

Eero Kajantie, Kati Heinonen, Johan G. Eriksson, Sture Andersson, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Sonja Strang-Karlsson, Petteri Hovi, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Katri Räikkönen, Jari Lahti, and E. Juulia Paavonen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Self-Assessment, Physiology, Birth weight, media_common.quotation_subject, Health outcomes, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Physiology (medical), Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Personality, Birth Weight, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Young adult, media_common, Infant, Newborn, Chronotype, Patient Preference, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, Circadian Rhythm, Low birth weight, Small for gestational age, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Infant, Premature
Abstract

The authors explored morningness-eveningness propensity in adults born prematurely at very low birth weight (VLBW

Published
2010

57. [Impact of parents' mental health disorders on psychiatric problems of the offspring]

Author

Tytti, Solantaus and E Juulia, Paavonen

Subjects
Parents, Risk Factors, Persons with Mental Disabilities, Age Factors, Humans, Parent-Child Relations, Child
Abstract

Psychiatric disorders in mothers and fathers increase children's risks for psychiatric problems in childhood and adulthood. The chronicity and the impact of the disorder on the parent's interactional and functional capacities are more important than the diagnosis itself. Children's psychiatric disorders are more severe and chronic and they start at an earlier age than in families with parents without psychiatric disorders. Behavioral and anxiety disorders emerge in early childhood and school age, while depression and alcohol and drug abuse in adolescence. Children's needs for prevention and treatment are to be taken care of when their parents use psychiatric services.

Published
2009

58. Sleep duration and regularity are associated with behavioral problems in 8-year-old children

Author

Jari Lahti, Eero Kajantie, E. Juulia Paavonen, Niina Komsi, Kati Heinonen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Katri Räikkönen, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, and Timo E. Strandberg

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Mothers, Child Behavior Disorders, Sampling Studies, Fathers, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Registries, Psychiatry, Child Behavior Checklist, Child, Applied Psychology, Finland, Internal-External Control, Attentional control, Actigraphy, Sleep in non-human animals, Health psychology, Duration (music), Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Female, Psychology, Sleep, Clinical psychology, Sleep duration
Abstract

Relatively little is known about the significance of normal variation in objectively assessed sleep duration and its regularity in children's psychological well-being. We explored the associations between sleep duration and regularity and behavioral and emotional problems in 8-year-old children. A correlational design was applied among an epidemiological sample of children born in 1998. Sleep was registered with an actigraph for seven nights (range 3 to 14) in 2006. Mothers (n = 280) and fathers (n = 190) rated their child's behavioral problems with the Child Behavior Checklist. Children with short sleep duration had an increased risk for behavioral problems, thought problems, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition-based attention-deficit hyperactivity problems according to maternal ratings. Based on paternal ratings, short sleep duration was associated with more rule-breaking and externalizing symptoms. Irregularity in sleep duration from weekdays to weekends was associated with an increased risk for specifically internalizing symptoms in paternal ratings. The results highlight the importance of sufficient sleep duration and regular sleep patterns from weekdays to weekends. Short sleep duration was associated specifically with problems related to attentional control and externalizing behaviors, whereas irregularity in sleep duration was, in particular, associated with internalizing problems.

Published
2009

59. Sleep quality, duration and behavioral symptoms among 5–6-year-old children

Author

Tarja Porkka-Heiskanen, Anja Riitta Lahikainen, E. Juulia Paavonen, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Pediatric Psychiatry [Helsinki], Pediatric Research Center [Helsinki], Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Social Research, and University of Tampere [Finland]

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, Cross-sectional study, Statistics as Topic, education, Child, Sleep disturbance, Sleep deprivation, Sleep duration, Behavior, Psychiatric symptoms, Child Behavior Disorders, Logistic regression, Personality Assessment, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, 030225 pediatrics, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Insomnia, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Humans, Psychology, Child Behavior Checklist, Psychiatry, Internal-External Control, Sleep disorder, Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention, General Medicine, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Psychologie, psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Sleep Deprivation, Female, medicine.symptom, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

International audience; The objective of the present study was to examine whether parent-reported short sleep duration and sleeping difficulties are related to behavioral symptoms among pre-school aged children. The study is a cross-sectional survey of 297 families with 5–6-year-old children. The Sleep Disturbance Scale for children was used to measure sleep duration and sleeping difficulties, and the Child Behavior Checklist and Teacher's Report Form were used to measure attention problems, and internalizing and externalizing symptoms. In multivariate logistic regression models, short sleep duration was according to parental reports related to inattention (adjusted odds ratio 4.70, 95% CI 1.58–14.00), internalizing (adjusted odds ratio 3.84, 95% CI 1.32–11.21), and total psychiatric symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 3.53, 95% CI 1.23–10.17) while according to teacher's reports it was almost significantly related to internalizing symptoms (adjusted odds ratio 4.20, 95% CI 0.86–20.51). Sleeping difficulties were strongly related to all subtypes of psychiatric symptoms according to parental reports (adjusted odds ratios ranging from 6.47 to 11.71) and to externalizing symptoms according to teachers' reports (adjusted odds ratio 7.35, 95% CI 1.69–32.08). Both short sleep duration and sleeping difficulties are associated with children's behavioral symptoms. Intervention studies are needed to study whether children's behavioral symptoms can be reduced by lengthening sleep duration or improving sleep quality.

Published
2009

60. Very low birth weight and behavioral symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in young adulthood: the Helsinki study of very-low-birth-weight adults

Author

Johan G. Eriksson, Katri Räikkönen, E. Juulia Paavonen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Eero Kajantie, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Petteri Hovi, Sture Andersson, Kati Heinonen, Jari Lahti, and Sonja Strang-Karlsson

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Cohort Studies, Risk-Taking, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Longitudinal Studies, Young adult, Finland, Fetal Growth Retardation, Incidence, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, medicine.disease, Psychiatry and Mental health, Low birth weight, Cross-Sectional Studies, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Cohort, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Small for gestational age, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Cohort study
Abstract

Children with very low birth weight (1500 g) are at increased risk for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether this increased risk continues into adulthood is unknown. The authors assessed behavioral symptoms of ADHD in a well-characterized cohort of very-low-birth-weight young adults who were either small for gestational age (less than two standard deviations below the Finnish mean) or appropriate for gestational age (within two standard deviations of the mean).A total of 162 very-low-birth-weight subjects (small for gestational age: N=52; appropriate for gestational age: N=110) and 172 term comparison subjects 18 to 27 years of age completed the Adult Problem Questionnaire, which yielded six exploratory factor analysis-derived subscales. Participants were also asked about substance use.Very-low-birth-weight adults in the small for gestational age subgroup scored higher on the executive dysfunctioning and emotional instability subscales of the Adult Problem Questionnaire than did those in the appropriate for gestational age subgroup and the comparison group. The appropriate for gestational age and comparison groups had similar scores on these subscales. On the alcohol use subscale of the Adult Problem Questionnaire, both the appropriate and small for gestational age subgroups scored lower than comparison subjects and also reported fewer risk-taking behaviors (alcohol, smoking, and use of recreational drugs) than did comparison subjects.Rather than very low birth weight per se, intrauterine growth retardation, as reflected by small for gestational age status in the very-low-birth-weight subjects, confers a risk for behavioral and emotional adversity related to ADHD in young adulthood.

Published
2008

61. Very low birth weight increases risk for sleep-disordered breathing in young adulthood: the Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults

Author

Sture Andersson, Johan G. Eriksson, Katri Räikkönen, Kati Heinonen, Anna-Liisa Järvenpää, Petteri Hovi, Eero Kajantie, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Sonja Strang-Karlsson, and E. Juulia Paavonen

Subjects
Adult, Male, Longitudinal study, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Pregnancy, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, Infant, Very Low Birth Weight, Longitudinal Studies, Risk factor, Young adult, Finland, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Confounding, Smoking, Snoring, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Low birth weight, Premature birth, Case-Control Studies, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Chronic Disease, Multivariate Analysis, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Infant, Premature
Abstract

OBJECTIVE. We investigated whether very low birth weight ( METHODS. The study was a retrospective longitudinal study of 158 young adults born with very low birth weight and 169 term-born control subjects (aged 18.5–27.1 years). The principal outcome variable was sleep-disordered breathing defined as chronic snoring. RESULTS. The crude prevalence of chronic snoring was similar in both groups: 15.8% for the very low birth weight group versus 13.6% for the control group. However, after controlling for the confounding variables in multivariate logistic regression models (age, gender, current smoking, parental education, height, BMI, and depression), chronic snoring was 2.2 times more likely in the very low birth weight group compared with the control group. In addition, maternal smoking during pregnancy was significantly and independently of very low birth weight related to risk of sleep-disordered breathing. Maternal preeclampsia, standardized birth weight, and, for very low birth weight infants, small-for-gestational-age status were not related to sleep-disordered breathing. CONCLUSIONS. Premature infants with very low birth weight have a twofold risk of sleep-disordered breathing as young adults. In addition, maternal smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of sleep-disordered breathing by more than twofold.

Published
2007

62. Sleep in children with Asperger syndrome

Author

E. Juulia Paavonen, Raija Vanhala, Taina Nieminen-von Wendt, Eeva T. Aronen, Lennart von Wendt, and Kimmo Vehkalahti

Subjects
Male, Sleep Wake Disorders, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Neurological disorder, Disorders of Excessive Somnolence, Surveys and Questionnaires, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Asperger Syndrome, Psychiatry, Child, Sleep disorder, medicine.disease, Sleep in non-human animals, El Niño, Asperger syndrome, Autism, Female, Sleep onset, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Somnolence
Abstract

The prevalence of sleep disturbances in 52 children with Asperger syndrome (AS) as compared with 61 healthy controls (all subjects aged 5-17 years) was investigated. Problems with sleep onset and maintenance, sleep-related fears, negative attitudes toward sleeping, and daytime somnolence were more frequent among children with AS than among controls. Short sleep duration (

Published
2006

63. Factor structure of the Eating Disorder Inventory-C

Author

Katja Eklund, E. Juulia Paavonen, and Fredrik Almqvist

Subjects
Male, 050103 clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Psychometrics, Adolescent, Personality Inventory, Validation test, Test validity, Factor structure, Feeding and Eating Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, Psychiatry, Child, Finland, 05 social sciences, medicine.disease, Eating Disorder Inventory, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Analisis factorial, Eating disorders, Female, Psychology, Factor Analysis, Statistical
Abstract

The Eating Disorder Inventory-C (EDI-C) is a multidimensional self-report questionnaire for children and adolescents used to characterize differences in the symptoms of eating disorders. It is based on the EDI-2 questionnaire, which is designed for adults. Although the psychometric properties of the EDI and EDI-2 have been well characterized, no studies exist on the EDI-C. Thus, we aimed to establish the factor structure of the EDI-C questionnaire among children.A nonclinical sample of 898 children aged 9-16 years completed the EDI-C questionnaire at school.Instead of the original 11-factor structure of the EDI-2, 5 factors with high reliability were extracted when 27 items with low communality were removed from analysis.When the EDI-C is used, the reliability of the original 11 factors may be low. A modified subscale structure with five factors is proposed.

Published
2005

64. Symposia

Author

Christoph Correll, Stanley P. Kutcher, John McClellan, Jan Buitelaar, Elizabeth Pappadopulos, Aribert Rothenberger, Fritz Mattejat, Stephen Scott, John Weisz, Eberhard Schulz, Wilhelm Felder, Christian Fleischhaker, R. Böhme, B. Sixt, Rutger Jan van der Gaag, Laurence Y. Katz, Brian J. Cox, Shiny Gunasekara, Alec L. Miller, Nathaniel Laor, Peter Riedesser, Ernesto Caffo, James Leckman, Massimo Ammaniti, Giampaolo Nicolais, Mario Speranza, Hans Steiner, Laura Delizonna, Astrid Schallauer, Margo Thienemann, Alexander C. McFarlane, Miranda van Hooff, Michael Sawyer, Carlo Cianchetti, Naoufel Gaddour, Mokni Sana, Mechri Anouar, Letaief Mondher, Gaha Lotfi, Fabian Härtling, Robert Bittner, Corinna Haenschel, Marcus Cap, Tanja Goncharova, David E. J. Linden, Ralf Dittmann, Anneliese Maestele, Claudia Mehler, Eberhard Meyer, Jack A. Jenner, Leonie Boeing, Val Murray, Anthony Pelosi, Robert McCabe, Douglas Blackwood, Robert Wrate, S. Pellerano, M. Pintor, G. L. Mellis, T. Piroddi, Alan Flisher, Monique Nesa, Rosanna Rooney, Clare Roberts, Robert Kane, Sven Silburn, Lisbeth Pike, Helge Staby Deaton, Stuart Lustig, Michelle Funk, Anne Rickards, Dinah Reddihough, Roslyn Wright-Rossi, Jacqui Simpson, Dieter David Seuthe, H. Vielhaber, Kinderklinik Dritter Orden, H. Backmund, M. Gerlinghoff, Mary Schwab-Stone, Ine Jespers, Robert Vermeiren, Vladislav Ruchkin, Marek Blatny, Michal Hrdlicka, Tomas Urbanek, Martin Jelinek, Veronika Balastikova, Philippe Jeammet, Alain Frottin, Andjelka Filipovic, Eric Albert, Dora Musetti Schelotto, Mladen Knezevic, Milivoj Jovancevic, Jonathan Hill, Maria Lawlor, Christian Kienbacher, Carolin Prause, Margit Stöckl, Gertrude Bogyi, Max H. Friedrich, Michael Klein, Katrin Kürschner, Lynne Murray, Victoria Leidecker, Helen Sharp, Ilona Luoma, Pälvi Kaukonen, Tuula Tamminen, Barry Nurcombe, Graham Martin, Brett McDermott, Franz Resch, Benno Graf Schimmelman, Jane Edwards, Patrick D. McGorry, Martin Lambert, Philippe Conus, Ulrich Preuss, Dieter Bürgin, Monika Strauss, Peter Parzer, Georg Spiel, C. von Korff, H.-A. Ballin, R. Gößler, M. Günter, G. Sange, Heiner Meng, Eginhard Koch, Klaus Minde, Mary True, L. Pisani, F. Oumar, J. Padilla, Jean-François Bouville, Wendy Vogel, Klaus Schmeck, Kirstin Goth, Diane Purper-Ouakil, Véronique Dessons, Catherine Doyen, Fernando Perez-Diaz, Marie-Christine Mouren-Simeoni, Andreas Karwautz, Gudrun Wagner, Klaus Schwienbacher, Maria Haidvogl, Gerald Nobis, Janet Linda Treasure, David Andrew Collier, Romuald Brunner, A. Hueg, Johann Haffner, Marc Schmid, Lutz Goldbeck, Jakob Nützel, Volkmar Höfling, Karin Schermelleh-Engel, Helfried Moosbrugger, Josep Tomàs, Josep Cornellà, Alex Llusent, Anna Bielsa, Myron Belfer, Brian Robertson, Custodia Mandlhate, Birama Seck, Barbara Zwirs, Huib Burger, Tom Schulpen, A. Karem Salman Al-Obedy, Oleh Romanchuk, Irena Namyslowska, Björn S. Reigstad, Kirsti Margrethe Jorgensen, Walter Matthys, John Lochman, Marjo Zonnevylle-Bender, Nicolle van de Wiel, Angela Wagner, Christine Jennen-Steinmetz, Christopher Goepel, Irene van Bokhoven, Stephanie van Goozen, L. Patt Franciosi, Leode Graaf Acquoy, Anne Tischlinger, B. Pharm, Knut Halyard Bronder, Kari Schleimer, Joachim Walter, Boia Ephraime, Tatjana Dmitrieva, Alvaro Seligman Silva, Katja Becker, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, C. Winkler Metzke, Erikson F. Furtado, Manfred Laucht, Oliver Bilke, Petra Zimmermann, Hans-Ulrich Wittchen, Roselind Lieb, Helga Hannesdottir, Thorarinn Tyrfingsson, Manfred Döpfner, Kurt Hahlweg, Annett Kuschel, Heike Bertram, Nina Heinrichs, Inez Freund-Braier, Gabriele Brix, Christopher Hautmann, Julia Pluck, Alfons Crijnen, Pol van Lier, Patricia Vuijk, Reiner Frank, Inger Helene Vandvik, Rainer Schäfert, Jeanne van Weel, Jan Schieveld, Jörg M. Fegert, William Friedrich, Smadar Celestin-Westreich, Leon Patrice Celestin, Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen, Keizo Nagao, M. Kisida, E. Shindo, Helmer Baying Larsen, Karin Helweg-Larsen, Ramón Lindauer, Jan Booij, Miranda Olff, Gerard den Heeten, Berthold Gersons, Frits Boer, Eric Schoentjes, Sarah Bal, Michael Schulte-Markwort, Tytti Solantaus, Sini Toikka, Maarit Alasuutari, Barbara Steck, Andrea Grether, M. Ehrensperger, Felix Amsler, L. Kappos, Rina Saha, Bela Paschen, Christiane Baldus, Miriam Haagen, Martina Pott, Georg Romer, Yoshiro Ono, H. Homma, Y. Ishida, H. Ide, M. Okamoto, S. Kameoka, Hiroshi Nakayama, A. Yamamoto, Nahit Motavalli Mukaddes, Sam Tyano, Tamar Mozes, R. Caplan, Savita Malhotra, Maria Giuseppina Ledda, Al Fratta, S. Mannino, Simona Corona, A. Zuddas, Macarena Marin Olalla, Ruth Garcia, Bernardo Perez Ramirez, Ross Campion, Peter Hindley, Nitin Gupta, Anish Bhattacharaya, Mehak Kapoor, G. van de Willge, Silke Klemm, S. Smesny, M. Stockebrand, S. Grunwald, Femmie Juffer, Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Ute Ziegenhain, B. Derksen, R. Dreisörner, Daniel Gutschner, Martin Maldonado-Duran, Manuel Ferndndez-Criado, Felicia Heidenreich, Marie Rose Moro, Charles Millhuff, Kirby Pope, Frank Theisen, Hubertus Himmerich, T. Kraus, A. Schuld, T. Pollmächter, Alan Apter, D. Gothelf, A. Brand-Gothelf, Gidi Ratzoni, L. Kikinzon, A. Weizman, Yuval Bloch, Michael Haberhausen, Daniel Müller, John Fayyad, Altino Bessa Marques Filho, Adolfo Bezerra de Menezes, John Campo, Sheree Shafer, Jennifer Strohm, Amanda Lucas, David Shaeffer, Harold Altman, Christine Gelachek, Naoyasu Motomura, Yozo Takino, Masahiro Iwakiri, Patrick Pössel, Simone Seemann, Martin Hautzinger, Theodore Mutale, Christian Haase, Majid Ali Abidi, Shehla Raheem, Leyla Faw, Aaron Hogue, Howard Liddle, Kirsten Catthoor, Joost Hutsebaut, Donald Jasinski, Douglas Faries, Rodney Moore, Annette Streeck-Fischer, Renate Sannwald, Gottfried Maria Barth, Christoph Schwarz, Monika Staigle, Manh-Hiep Pham, Dario Balanzin, Joelle Materi, Pia Eresund, Alexander Mokhovikov, Sandra Stankovic, Kerim Munir, Nese Erol, Füsun Çuhadarodlu Çetin, Angela Hassiotis, Martine Flament, Michael Scholz, Maud Rix, Franziska Nestler, Annegret Selisko, Nathalie Godart, Fabienne Perdereau, Zoé Rein, Florence Curt, Jane Akister, Pei-Chin Peggy Lee, Sho-Man Susan Tsai, Lai-Shiun Ho, Su-Chun Wu, Jacques Miermont, Joel Swenson, Mardjane Teherani, Bruno Falissard, Jean Cottraux, Julia Plück, Robert Oades, Mirjam Simons-Sprong, P. F. Schothorst, J. T. Swaab-Barneveld, Stephanie Juran, Matthias Weisbrod, Eric Chen, Bernd Röpcke, Smiljka Popovic-Deusic, Luise Poustka, Nele Wild-Wall, Mechthilde Papousek, Mirelle Keren, Ruth Feldman, S. Maestro, A. Chilosi, C. Pecini, L. Pfanner, Laurence Greenhill, K. Jahnsen, L. T. W. Jong-van den Berg, J. M. Zito, Kelly Posner, Anne Skrobala, Pablo Goldberg, Lisa Kotler, Robert Findling, Regina Bussing, Kapil Sayal, Geoffrey Mitchell, Michael Huss, Barbara Högl, Renate Grimmlinger, Karl Christoph Käppler, Maycoln M. L. Teodoro, Sylvia Hiromi Oswald, Janine M. Dagnoni, M. I. Pinheiro, C. T. Heleno, R. Rothe-Neves, V. G. Haase, A. Del Prette, Marimilia Rodrigues Lambertucci, J. L. Rodrigues, P. M. Freitas, C. A. P. Lourenco, H. C. W. Carvalho, J. Baumeister, M. Weisenhorn, S. Stadelmann, S. H. Oswald, H. Ruder, Ciro Ruggerini, Stefania Vicini, Enrico Pupulin, Antonio Guidi, Kaija Puura, Mirjami Mäntymaa, Kai von Klitzing, Orna Rosvald, Hans-Ludwig Kröber, A. Stöver, R. Proske, Rainer Semmelbeck, Marc Walther, Matthias Schmelzle, Monika Egli-Alge, Richard Beckett, Constanze Gerhold, Lieselotte Turkmen-Barta, Colette Chiland, Heino Meyer-Bahlburg, Domenico Di Ceglie, Ulrike Lehmkuhl, Orlando Uccellini, Mario Bertolini, Francesca Neri, Delia Albanese, Raffaella Bertola, Maartje Snoek, Martien Kas, Ulrike Margarete Elisabeth Schulze, Silke Calame, Ferdinand Keller, Stephanie Santel, Kerstin Krauel, Michael Rotte, Thomas F. Münte, Annemarie van Elburg, Fritz Poustka, Sven Bölte, Sabine Feineis-Matthews, Sven Boite, D. Hubl, D. Prvulovic, T. Dierks, Sabine Klauck, Irma Moilanen, M. Mattila, J. Laurila, K. Jussila, A. Pyper, S. L. Linna, Hanna Ebeling, D. Pauls, Pirjo Korpilahti, Soile Loukusa, Eira Jansson-Verkasalo, Johannes Hebebrand, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Anke Hinney, Anne-Kathrin Wermter, Susann Friedel, Frank Geller, Helmut Schafer, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Joanna Holliday, Kristian Holtkamp, C. Mika, M. Heer, Rudolf Uher, Nicole Barbarich, Shannan E. Henry, Ursula Bailer, Guido Frank, Walter H. Kaye, Elisabet Wentz, J. Hubert Lacey, Glenn Waller, Maria Rastam, Jeremy Turk, Christopher Gillberg, Frank C. Verhulst, Marieke Zwaanswijk, Peter Verhaak, Jozien Bensing, Jan van der Ende, Frank Verhulst, Andre Sourander, Paivi Santalahti, Tamsin Ford, Robert Goodman, Howard Meltzer, Inge Seiffge-Krenke, Richard Fritsch, Marika Cutler, E. James Anthony, Per-Anders Rydelius, Rolf Castell, Milica Pejovic-Milovancevic, Miroslav Pavlovic, Noa Kalman, Muli Linder, Ido Luria, Yechiel Levkovitz, Kosuke Yamazaki, Pedro Caldeira da Silva, Grata Santos, Filipa Martins, Yen-Nan Chiu, Wen-Jer Tsai, Shur-Fen Gau, Chang-Chang Tseng, Shu-Chen Su, Jan Croonenberghs, Lucas Brouw, Annick Wauters, Nicole Bruning, Zina Manjaly, Gereon Fink, Olivera Aleksic, Nenad Rudic, Lucres Jansen, Christine C. Gispen-De Wied, Bertine Lahuis, Hanna Swaab, Jolijn Pietersen, Carolien Gevers, Inge Kamp-Becker, Isabell Germerott, Patricia Howlin, null Gaudière, Barbara Forresi, G. Lepri, Soumaila Laval, Andreas Wiefel, Z. Biringen, Karl Titze, K. Lenz, C. Seither, B. Witte, Marguerite Dunitz-Scheer, Markus Wilken, Alexandra Krasnovsky, Peter Scheer, Maria Cordeiro, Filippo Muratori, B. Felloni, A. Cesari, Linda Helmig, Peter Fonagy, Chris Moody, Jim Fultz, René Glanzmann, Nathalie Lutz-Latil, Agnes van Wyl, Dainius Puras, Amaia Hervds, John Tsiantis, T. Dragonas, H. Davis, V. Ispanovic, A. Paradisiotou, Mimoza Shanini, Lynne Jones, A. Uka, A. Rrustemi, Anne-Liis von Knorring, Dirk Deboutte, Souraya Dorhmi, Mohamed Agoub, Driss Moussaoui, Omar Battas, Inger Halvorsen, Anne Andersen, Sonja Heyerdahl, Denise Baillot, Michele La Roche, Claudia Furino, Annick Buchholtz, Gary Goldfield, Katherine Henderson, Ulrich Hagenah, Varinja Blume, Marlene Flacke-Redanz, Beate Herpertz Dahlmann, Angelique A. Sallas, Hubertus Adam, null Mozambique, Aferdita Goci-Uka, Susanne Schlüter-Müller, Umesh Bawa, Fakhri Khalik, Nima Forouher, Miyuki Sadamatsu, null Nanba, Nobumasa Kato, Kiyoto Kasai, Eiji Nanba, Martin H. Schmidt, Günter Esser, Herman van Engeland, Sophie Willemsen-Swinkels, Claudine Dietz, Anne Claire Beernink, Oliver Vidojevic, Ivona Milacic, Rael Strous, Roni Hegesh, Simion Kertzman, Z. Ben-Nahum, Moshe Kotler, Emma van Daalen, Mijke Zeegers, Hilleke Hulshoff Pol, Charles Williams, Jessica Sank, Martha Paulk, George Schwarz, Paul Wharton, Marija Raleva, Kamka Paketchieva, Angelina Filipovska, Carole Müller Nix, Margarita Forcada Guex, Abdel-Mohsen Daigham, Marit S. Indredavik, Torstein Vik, Siri Kulseng, Ann-Mari Brubakk, Marion Cuddy, Katharine Riley, Brigitte Vollmer, John Wyatt, Robin Murray, Mika Soininen, E. Juulia Paavonen, Mika Fjällberg, Juha Salmi, Almgvist Fredrik, Eeva T. Aronen, Olaf Reis, Stephanie P. Bohne, Susanne Kraenz, Dong-Hyun Ahn, Tae-Ho Kim, Jun-Ho Choi, Yun-Young Kim, Ivan Begovac, Milena Skocic, Vlasta Rudan, Oleg Filipovic, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Anita Brynska, Stanislaw Wojtowicz, Salvador Celia, Cisca Aerts, Elisabeth Cleve, Hellmut Hartmann, Hans-Jürgen Kühle, Fridjof Heidorn, Solveigh Zeyer, Joaquin Fuentes, Andrés Martin, Denis G. Sukhodolsky, Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino, Matti Rimpelä, Henrik Andershed, Deborah O’Donnell, Michelle Pearce, Dieter Burgin, Andreas Becker, Nicola Hagenberg, Matthias Berking, Veit Roessner, Ketil Hanssen-Bauer, Odd Aalen, Jürgen Junglas, Yoon-Seok Huh, Yun Young Kim, Kyung-Ja Oh, Kai Wang, Michael Tarren-Sweeney, D. M. Leiblum, Renate Kühl, Cornelia Nötzel, Ernst Pfeiffer, Klaus Lenz, Agneta Rosling, Marianne Poller, Donna Cross, Simone Klabin, Diana Kaplan, Lars Mickel, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Regina Möckel, Shani Leor, Leor Frisch, Amos Frisch, Abraham Weizman, Andrey Zanozin, Sylvie Jamart, Jean-Yves Hayez, Agnes Leor, Maria Elisabeth Ahle, Galit Ben Amitay, Irene Kosov, Ahuva Reiss, Moses Tamar, Hans Smedje, Hiie Allik, Jean Steyaert, Dries Castermans, John Creemers, Koenraad Devriendt Marta Kaczynska-Haladyj, Maria Claustre Jané Ballabriga, Joaquima Judez, Empar Pelaez, Pilar Sole, Lidia Rodriguez, Saskia Palmen, Chantal Kemner, Hugo Schnack, Rene Kahn, Anna Fabrizi, Levi Gabriel, Marcos Mercadante, Sergiode Paula Ramos, Maria Concecao Rosario-Campos, Michael Rutter, Stephan Collishaw, Barbara Maughan, Andrew Pickles, Julie Messer, Avshalom Caspi, Terrie Moffitt, Jana Kreppner, Anne Inger H. Borge, Suniya Luthar, Stephanie Hamarman, C. Ulger, J. Fossella, M. Brimacombe, J. Dermody, Mark Stein, L. D. Waldman, C. Sarampote, A. Robb, E. H. Cook, Aiveen Kirley, N. Lowe, Z. Hawi, C. Mullins, G. Daly, I. Waldman, M. McCarro, null O’Donell, Emma van der Meulen, S. C. Bakker, D. L. Pauls, R. J. Sinke, Guilherme Polanczyk, C. Zeni, J. P. Genro, Tatiana Roman, Mara Hutz, Christa Schaff, Patrick Haemmerle, Harald Sontag, Agnes Vetro, Julia Gadoros, Gotthard Roosen-Runge, Jocelyn Hattab, Peter Hummel, Orna Braun-Lewensohn, Daniel Schechter, Charles Zeanah, Michael Myers, Michael Liebowitz, Mark Davies, Wei-Tsuen Soong, Deborah James, Nick Sofroniou, Marine Gegelashvili, Umesh Parikh, John M. Kane, Anil K. Malhotra, Manoj Shah, Richard R. Pleak, Ronen Hizami, David Michelson, Marina Danckaerts, Alessandro Zuddas, Shuyu Zhang, Philip Hazell, P. Zeiner, M. Johnson, Frank Häßler, Prasad Suyash, Edmund Sonuga-Barke, Lynne Poole, Sarah Mares, Jon Jureidini, Zachary Steel, Louise Newman, Torsten Lucas, Stephanie Paulus, Martin Aßhauer, Birgit Miller, Gunilla Jarkman Björn, Christina Bodén, Per Gustafsson, Viola Povse Ivkic, Lazar Tenjovic, Radosavljev Jelena, Smiljka Popovic Deusic, Philip Graham, Henrikje Klasen, Jacinta Tan, Tony Hope, Anne Stewart, Raymond Fitzpatrick, Michael Kölch, Angeles Diaz-Caneja, Sonia Johnson, Ines Dippold, Katja Wiethoffi Ferdinand Keller, Sue Bailey, Nathan Whittle, Klaus Hennighausen, Gregor Kohls, Verena Maas, Tanja Rinker, Swantje Zachau, Gabriele Christmann, Anna Jaremkiewicz, Michael Schecker, Waldemar von Suchodoletz, Ruth Uwer, Ronald Albrecht, Lisa Glass, Valéria Csépe, Ferenc Honbology, Anett Rago, Eva Mészdros, Richard G. Schwartz, Valerie L. Shafer, Jonathan Green, C. Jacobs, L. Kroll, J. Briskman, G. Dunn, J. Beecham, B. Tobias, L. Baird, Terje Ogden, Michael Fitzgerald, Mark Bellgrove, Michael Gill, Ian H. Robertson, Paul McArdle, Amanda Burke, K. Michael Hong, Christina Hoven, Danuta Wasserman, Katharina Braun, Jórg Bock, Carina Helmecke, Michael Gruß, Gerd Poeggel, Charles Marsden, S. Muchimapura, M.-C. Pardon, M. Bianchi, Joram Feldon, Daniela Rüedi-Bettschen, Andrea C. Dettling, Christopher R. Pryce, Hans-Willi Clement, O. Sommer, A. Pschibul, C. Rombach, M. Gerlach, Claudia Mehler-Wex, S. Zeiske, E. Grünblatt, G. Gille, D. Rausch, Manfred Gerlach, Amira Seif El-Din, Nadia Kadri, Houda Hjiej Andaloussi, Khadija Chihabeddine, Mohammed Almaqrami, Alexander von Gontard, M. Okuno, Kurt Quaschner, Niels Bilenberg, Carsten Obel, Tine Brink Henriksen, Morten Hedegaard, Niels Jurgen Secher, Jorn Olsen, Antonio Fonseca, Isabelle Nathalie Koch, Ieva Bite, Phyllis Cohen, Katrin Russell, Nichaela Broyden, Gillian Lancaster, Christina Eichhorn, Karola Tiedtke, Ronald Feldman, Andreas Warnke, Peter Scheuerpflug, V. Vetter, Jürgen Bartling, Kerstin Konrad, Susanne Neufang, Charlotte Hanisch, Gereon R. Fink, Sarah Durston, Matthew C. Davidson, Nim Tottenham, Julie Spicer, Adriana Galvan, John Horvitz, John A. Fossella, Richard Watts, B. J. Casey, Daniel Brandeis, Andreas J. Fallgatter, Ann-Christine Ehlis, Jürgen Seifert, W. K. Strik, K. E. Zillessen, Martin J. Herrmann, Gerd Schulte-Körne, Heikki Lyytinen, Tomi Guttorm, Anna-Maija Poikkeus, Kenneth M. Eklund, Paula Lyytinen, Minna Torppa, M.-L. Laakso, E. Leskinen, A. Tolvanen, Silvia Paracchini, J. Schumacher, I. R. König, Claudia Libertus, Heide Griesemann, A. Kleensang, A. Ziegler, P. Propping, M. Näthen, Leo Wolmer, Iyad Zagout, Esti Galili-Weisstub, Gene Fisch, Ann Swillen, Annick Vogels, Christine Freitag, Jean-Francois Bouville, Laetitia Atlanti-Duault, Thierry Baubet, Robyn Osrow, Marie-Madeleine Leplomb, Yves Marchandy, Malika Bennabi, Ricardo Halpern, Odon Monteiro, Abbey-Robin Durkin, Rudy Haapanen, Susanne Bauer, Max Friedrich, Christina Stadler, Philipp Sterzer, Andreas Kleinschmidt, Irene Nowraty, W. E. Müller, Ulrich Knölker, Gabriele Schmid, Swantje Berndt, B. Behn, Jan Hendrik Puls, Luc Stevens, Joachim Jungmann, Zoran Juretic, Nela Ercegovic, Renate Schepker, Füsun Çuhadaroglu-Çetin, G. Herhaus, S. Melfsen, Daomeng Cheng, Donald Harder, Harry Laws, Yoshibumi Nakane, Kenzo Takeshita, Hiroshi Naruse, Yan Zhu, Jun Liu, Yasong Du, John Sikorski, Sannie Hamerlynck, Lisettet Hart, Lucres Nauta-Janssen, Prathiba Chitsabesan, Hien Nguyen, Jovan Simeon, Cathy Cuzner, Howard Schachter, Ana Soledade Martins, Chirstian Kieling, Julia Comassetto, Renata Goncalves, Silvia Oswald, Johannes Buchmann, J. Kirschner, M. Garvey, Gunther Moll, Hartmut Heinrich, Sameer Malhotra, Zeffie Poulakis, Sam Menahem, Karin Sauer, Tilouch Samia, Hannachi Rimeh, Missaoui Sonia, Mara Westling Allodi, Monica Biscaldi, Bettina Wagner, Chiyoko Uchida, Thomas Jozefiak, Roberta Penge, Valentina Ivancich Biaggini, Siv Fischbein, Matti Joukamaa, Anja Taanila, Juha Veijola, Juha T. Karvonen, Jouko Miettunen, Edelmira Domenech Llaberia, Teresa Corbella Domenech, Maria Claustre Jane Ballabriga, Josepa Canals Sanz, Griselda Esparo, Sergi Ballespi Sola, Xuejun Liu, Yukiko Kano, Masataka Ohta, Yoko Nagai, Takashi Arai, Su Linyan, Jeff Bridge, Boris Birmaher, Carlo Di Lorenzo, Satish Iyengar, David Brent, Bernhard Blanz, Laura Weninger, Gerhard Libal, Anna Skrabal, Michael Bowden, Howard Cooper, Inger Simonsen, Carl Bechstrom, Mette Medby, Ritva Erkolahti, Gunther Klosinski, Mihoko Oba, Satomi Murase, Takashi Murakami, Jiro Takai, Hitoshi Kaneko, Shuji Honjo, Katrina Rickards, Annhild Weber, Michael Karle, Alain Lazartigues, Pascale Planche, Eric Lemonnier, Mani Pavuluri, Lindsay Schenkel, Ryan Shaw, John Sweeny, Giancarlo Rigon, Stefano Costa, Alessandra Mancaruso, Roberta Mansi, Daniele Giovanni Poggioli, Simona Chiodo, Maja Radobuljac, Urban Groleger, Nada Ovsenik, Martina Tomori, Barbara Haas, Susanne Denoix, Franz Kimmig, Marc Weinhardt, Günter Schmitz, Berit Filschke, Conny Fliegauf, Ji-Hae Kim, Maya Krischer, Michael H. Stone, Kathrin Sevecke, Manfred Doepfner, Cornelia König, Dörte Grasmann, Michael Schlander, Stephen Ralston, R. Rodrigues Pereira, W. Brussel, L. Vlasveld, H. G. Tuynman-Qua, M. J. Lorenzo, R. Tauscher-Wisniewski, Stefano Palazzi, Ettore Guaia, Artur Kolakowski, Agnieszka Pisula, Timothy Wilens, Tobias Banaschewski, Henrik Uebel, Björn Albrecht, Monika Robatzek, Kristen Migliaccio-Walle, Jaime Caro, Albert J. Allen, R. Bart Sangal, Judith Owens, Douglas Kelsey, Virginia Sutton, Kory Schuh, Aliye Tugba Bahadir, Zeynep Yaman, Ayse Rodopman Arman, Kemal Kuscu, Yanki Yazgan, Meral Berkem, Peter Feldman, Milton Denai, Alexander Simpson, Christopher Kratochvil, Jeffrey Newcorn, Joseph Biederman, Douglas Gelowitz, Christine Thomason, Haitao Gao, Patricia Bijttebier, Steff Decoene, Pia Niklaus, Nils Duits, Ulrich Auer, Kathleen Schnoor, Detlef Schläfke, Füsun Çuhadaroälu Çetin, Gordon Harper, Sami Hamdan, Muhammed El-Haib, Saynur Canat, Olivier Halfon, Monique Bolognini, B. Plancherel, Olivier Phan, Maurice Corcos, Jean-René Cardinaux, Pierre J. Magistretti, Blaise Pierrehumbert, Minna Koskinen, Ulf Engqvist, Matthew Allin, Larry Rifkin, Sandra Lancaster, Ayala Borghini, Laure Jaugey, Margarita Forcada-Guex, Lyne Jaunin, Carole Müller-Nix, François Ansermet, Mariada Conceicao Taborda Simoes, Luiza Nobre Lima, Mariada Luz Vale Dias, Rainer Georg Siefen, Ariel Como, Valbona Alikaj, Sonila Tomori, Flavia Capozzi, Angela Romano, Mara Roello, Francesca Piperno, Mali A. Mann, Dieter Stösser, Gottfried Barth, Alina Pimenov, Jenny Schwab, Hülya Bingöl, Rémy Barbe, Heba Elkshishy, Ana Jovanovic, Aneta Lakic, Vesna Milovanovic, Milorad Vukasinovic, Jeffrey Bridge, David Kolko, David A. Brent, Kathryn Gilson, Roslyn Montague, Ian Shochet, Cristina Maria Ribeiro Marques, Teresa Cepeda, Carolin Ligges, Marc Ligges, Ralph Huonker, Paavo Leppänen, Torni K. Guttorm, Jarmo Hämäläinen, Anne Puolakanaho, Ellen Plume, Inke R. König, Wolfgang Deimel, Markus M. Nöthen, Peter Propping, André Kleensang, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Andreas Ziegler, Sung-Do David Hong, Xueping Gao, Xuerong Li, Soyoung Irene Lee, Eui-Jung Kim, In-Hee Cho, Ji-Hoon Kim, Se-Hyun Park, J-Wook Choi, Steffen Heger, Andreas Schreiner, Klaus Rettig, Rossella Medori, Peik Gustafsson, Kjell Hansson, Lena Eidevall, Gunilla Thernlund, Philip Heiser, A. Dempfle, Judith Smidt, Justyna Grabarkiewicz, Hans Kiefl, U. Hemminger, K. Saar, James Swanson, Nora D. Volkov, S. Gupta, L. Williams, D. Agler, M. Wasdell, S. Wigal, Silvia Martins, Silza Tramontina, Mariana Eizirik, Benedetto Vitiello, Walter Clevenger, Stephen Faraone, James McGough, James McCracken, Luis Augusto Rohde, Larry Greenhill, Michael Leary, Bo Larsson, W. Boudewijn Gunning, Jean-Marie Villat, Redmond O’Connell, Mark A. Bellgrove, Paul Dockree, Raymond Traube, Mary Braunschweig, Jacques Chabanier, Germana De Leo, Margerita Ibanez, Olivette Mikolajaks, Ida Ropstad, J. Gerald Young, Rachele Aiello, Viviana Porcari, Maria Patrizia Salatiello, Anna Lo Bue, Valentina Dell’Oglio, Rosaria Cardella, Sabrina Chifari, Anne Mari Undheim, Linyan Su, Xuerong Luo, Joanne Barton, Lioba Baying, Thomas Rellum, Emrah Duezel, Hermann Hinrichs, Christoph Bartel, Iris Linde, E. Friederichs, Mark Bangs, Helmut Remschmidt, Theodore Doreleijers, Elisabeth Rebernig, Giovanni Battista Camerini, Soraya Otero, Ana Rivas, Guadalupe Pombo, Maruke Yeghiyan, Gasparyan Kachatur, Arman Danileyan, Tord Ivarsson, Robert Valderhaug, Susanne Walitza, Christoph Wewetzer, Nikolaus Barth, F. Hahn, Fernando Asbahr, Ana Regina Castillo, Ligia Ito, Mariado Rosario Latorre, Michelle Moreira, Francisco Lotufo-Neto, Sophie Symann, Dominique Charlier, Belinda Plattner, Astrid Elisabeth Schallauer, Beat Mohler, P. Staub, Carsten Müller, Rieke Oelkers-Ax, Jochen Fischer, Uta Hermanns, Anne Nickel, Hans Volker Bolay, Miguel Cherro-Aguerre, Merete Juul Sorensen, Judith Becker Nissen, Ole Mors, Per Hove Thomsen, Anne Mari Sund, May Britt Drugli, Lars Wichstrom, Matthias Schwannauer, Emily Taylor, Rob Wrate, Matthias Martin, Jan-Olov Larsson, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Andrea G. Ludolph, Felix Mottaghy, Susanne Kraemer, Dieter Claus, Bernhard Krause, Jbrg M. Fegert, Tuula Hurtig, Anna Malakhova, Katerina Maniadaki, Efthymios Kakouros, Peter Jensen, Joe Albert Garcia, Sherry Glied, Maura Crowe, E. Michael Foster, Bernard Golse, Jenny Junghanß, Aino-Maija Salin, Päivi Rytölä, and Pauliina Hiltunen

Published
2004

65. Day length associates with activity level in children living at 60 degrees north

Author

Eeva T, Aronen, Mika, Fjällberg, E Juulia, Paavonen, and Mika, Soininen

Subjects
Male, Child, Preschool, Rest, Humans, Female, Child, Circadian Rhythm
Abstract

The associations between day length and activity, rest-activity rhythm, and psychiatric symptoms were studied. Sixty-six healthy children participated in the study during one year. They were monitored for 72 consecutive hours with belt-worn activity monitors (actigraphs) to obtain objective data on their activity levels during the day and night. In addition, the parents filled out the Child Behavior Checklists. It was found, that the mean total and day and night time activity levels were increased and the relative circadian amplitude blunted with the longer day length. It was concluded that day length was associated with activity level and rest-activity rhythm and this association may reflect the seasonal changes in these parameters.

Published
2002

66. Four-Year Follow-Up Study of Sleep and Psychiatric Symptoms in Preadolescents: Relationship of Persistent and Temporary Sleep Problems to Psychiatric Symptoms.

Author

E. JUULIA PAAVONEN, TYTTI SOLANTAUS, FREDRIK ALMQVIST, and EEVA T. ARONEN

Abstract

SUMMARY: ABSTRACT The course of sleep disturbances in preadolescents was assessed during a 4-year follow-up, and psychiatric problems associated with persistent and temporary sleep problems were investigated in an epidemiological setting. A representative random sample of 1,290 children, their parents, and school teachers filled out various questionnaires when the children were aged 8 and 12 years. Response rates to the relevant items varied between 66.8% and 81.2%. Parental reports of sleep problems decreased from 23.4% to 9.1% during the 4-year period, whereas children's reports remained steady at 18%. Persistent sleep disturbances were found in 12% of children, and 33.3% of sleep problems reported at age 8 were continued. Both current and persistent sleep disturbances were associated with the broad range of mental health problems reported by teachers. However, multivariate modeling suggested that especially current sleep problems were associated with an increased risk for psychiatric problems (odds ratio [OR] 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-4.99), particularly emotional problems (OR 2.92; 95% CI 1.58-5.38). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2003
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67. Preventive interventions in families with parental depression: children’s psychosocial symptoms and prosocial behaviour

Author

Sini Toikka, Raija-Leena Punamäki, E. Juulia Paavonen, Tytti Solantaus, Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, School of Public Health, University of Tampere [Finland], Finland's Slot Machine Association, and Collegium of Advanced Studies

Subjects
Family therapy, Psychological intervention, Anxiety, 0302 clinical medicine, ddc:150, Surveys and Questionnaires, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Psychology, Child, Parental depression, Psychological Disorders, Mental Health Treatment and Prevention, Depression, 05 social sciences, General Medicine, Original Contribution, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Treatment Outcome, Prosocial behavior, psychische Störungen, Behandlung und Prävention, Family Therapy, medicine.symptom, Randomized trial, Psychosocial, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Clinical psychology, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Family, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Child mental health, Preventive intervention, Psychiatry, Social Behavior, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Analysis of Variance, Depressive Disorder, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Mood, Psychologie, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health
Abstract

International audience; The aim is to document the effectiveness of a preventive family intervention (Family Talk Intervention, FTI) and a brief psychoeducational discussion with parents (Let's Talk about the Children, LT) on children's psychosocial symptoms and prosocial behaviour in families with parental mood disorder, when the interventions are practiced in psychiatric services for adults in the finnish national health service. Patients with mood disorder were invited to participate with their families. Consenting families were randomized to the two intervention groups. The initial sample comprised 119 families and their children aged 8-16. Of these, 109 completed the interventions and the baseline evaluation. Mothers and fathers filled out questionnaires including standardized rating scales for children's symptoms and prosocial behaviour at baseline and at 4, 10 and 18 months post-intervention. The final sample consisted of parental reports on 149 children with 83 complete data sets. Both interventions were effective in decreasing children's emotional symptoms, anxiety, and marginally hyperactivity and in improving children's prosocial behaviour. The FTI was more effective than the LT on emotional symptoms particularly immediately after the intervention, while the effect of the LT emerged after a longer interval. The study supports the effectiveness of both interventions in families with depressed parents. The FTI is applicable in cultural settings other than the USA. Our findings provide support for including preventive child mental health measures as part of psychiatric services for mentally ill parents.

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68. Variation near MTNR1A associates with early development and interacts with seasons.

Author

Sulkava S, Taka AM, Kantojärvi K, Pölkki P, Morales-Muñoz I, Milani L, Porkka-Heiskanen T, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Kylliäinen A, Juulia Paavonen E, and Paunio T

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Phenotype, Seasons, Genetic Variation genetics, Receptor, Melatonin, MT1 metabolism
Abstract

Melatonin is a circadian regulatory hormone with neuroprotective properties. We have previously demonstrated the association of the genetic variant rs12506228 near the melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) with intolerance to shift-work. Furthermore, this variant has been connected to Alzheimer's disease. Because of the previously suggested role of melatonin signalling in foetal neurocognitive and sleep development, we studied here the association of rs12506228 with early development. The study sample comprised 8-month-old infants from the Finnish CHILD-SLEEP birth cohort (n = 1,301). Parental questionnaires assessed socioemotional, communication and motor development, as well as sleep length and night awakenings. The A allele of rs12506228 showed an association with slower socioemotional (p = .025) and communication (p = .0098) development, but no direct association with sleep. However, the association of the Finnish seasons with infant sleep length interacted with rs12506228. Taken together, rs12506228 near MTNR1A, which has been previously linked to adult and elderly traits, is shown here to associate with slower early cognitive development. In addition, these results suggest that the darker seasons associate with longer infant sleep time, but only in the absence of the rs12506228 AA genotype. Because the risk allele has been connected to fewer brain MT1 melatonin receptors, these associations may reflect the influence of decreased melatonin signalling in early development., (© 2019 European Sleep Research Society.)

Published
2020
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69. Maternal and paternal sleep during pregnancy in the Child-sleep birth cohort.

Author

Juulia Paavonen E, Saarenpää-Heikkilä O, Pölkki P, Kylliäinen A, Porkka-Heiskanen T, and Paunio T

Subjects
Adult, Anxiety psychology, Depression psychology, Female, Finland, Humans, Male, Pregnancy, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Fathers psychology, Mothers psychology, Sleep physiology, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders epidemiology
Abstract

Study Objectives: Maternal and paternal sleep insufficiency during pregnancy appears to be a risk factor for health and wellbeing in young families. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of sleep insufficiency and symptoms of insomnia during pregnancy (at 32nd pregnancy week) and their relationship to depression, anxiety and environmental stress., Methods: The study is based on a population based sample from Finland consisting of 1667 mothers and 1498 fathers from the Child-sleep birth cohort. We evaluated both the core symptoms of insomnia (sleep onset problems, nocturnal awakenings, too-early awakenings, and poor sleep quality) and the presence of insufficient sleep. Insufficient sleep was defined as a two-hour difference between self-assessed sleep need and reported sleep duration, or sleep duration shorter than six hours per night., Results: We found that symptoms of insomnia were more prevalent among women than among men (9.8% vs. 6.2%), whereas sleep debt was less prevalent among women than among men (4.5% vs. 9.6%). Overall, 11.8% of the women and 14.9% of the men reported either significant insomnia or short sleep. Symptoms of insomnia were related to symptoms of depression both among women and men (AOR 3.8, 95% CI 2.6-5.6 vs. AOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1-3.2), while short sleep was related to depression among women (AOR 3.3, 95% CI 1.8-5.8), and to low education, poor health and a larger number of children among men., Conclusions: The study showed that insomnia and sleep insufficiency are prevalent among women and men during pregnancy. The findings underline the impact of insomnia to both maternal and paternal health during pregnancy as well as to the implementation of effective interventions to prevent negative consequences of sleep disturbances., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2017
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