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[Display omitted] Flexible electronics have introduced new challenges for efficient human–machine interactions. Hydrogels have emerged as prominent materials for electronic wearable applications due to their exceptional mechanical deformability and lightweight characteristics combined in some cases with conductive properties, and softness. Additionally, bio-interphases require multisensory response to stress, strain, temperature, and self-healing capacity. To mimic these properties, this work developed interpenetrated hydrogel networks composed of chitosan (CHI) and polyacrylic acid (PAA), combined with Fe (III) ions and varying amounts of NMBA (0–0.25 %), to achieve tailored conductivity (0.8–2.5 mS/cm), self-healing, self-standing and mechanical properties (E = 11.7–110 Pa and fracture strain = 64.9–1923 %) suitable for strain sensor applications. The results revealed a significant influence of the restrictive effect on the mobility of uncrosslinked chain segments, caused by Fe ions and NMBA, on the piezoresistance (GF 2.1–1.3) and self-healing capability of the gels. Interestingly, a transparent/turbid transition, driven by microphase separation that is characteristic of systems with high dynamic interactions, was encountered for the first time in these hydrogels. This transition was analyzed in relation to external temperature, water content, pH, and the influence of Fe ions and NMBA. The simultaneous sensitivity of these materials to temperature and pH, along with their piezoresistive and self-healing behaviour, can be highly valuable for multifunctional sensors in a wide range of applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to the self-floating nature, hyperbranched-polysiloxane crosslinkers HPSis endows ionogels with gradient composition variation along the vertical direction, facilitating the prepared ionogels with gradient structures and properties. Gradient ionogels not only renders flexible sensors with dual-mode responses, but also enhances the sensitivity. The electrical signal of gradient-ionogel-based dual-mode flexible sensors can be wireless transmitted to a computer. [Display omitted] Monitoring complex human movements requires the simultaneous detection of strain and pressure, which poses a challenge due to the difficulty in integrating high stretchability and compressive ability into a single material. Herein, a series of hyperbranched polysiloxane crosslinkers (HPSis) with self-floating abilities are designed and synthesized. Taking advantage of the self-floating capabilities of HPSis, ionogels with gradient composition distribution and conductivities are constructed by in situ one-step photopolymerization, and possess satisfactory stretchability, high compressibility and excellent resilience. The gradient-ionogel-based strain sensor exhibits extraordinary pressure sensitivity (19.33 kPa−1), high strain sensitivity (GF reaches 2.5) and temperature sensing ability, enabling the monitoring of the angles and direction of joint movements, transmitting Morse code and wirelessly detecting bioelectrical signals. This study may inspire the design of development of multi-function flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Computationally inspired design of organic electronic materials requires robust models of not only the ground and excited electronic states but also of transitions between these states. In this work, we introduce a strategy for obtaining electronic transition dipole moments for the lowest-lying singlet–singlet transition in organic chromophores from time-independent excited-state density-functional tight-binding (ΔDFTB) calculations. Through small-molecule benchmarks and applications to larger chromophores, we explore the accuracy, potential, and limitations of this semiempirical strategy. While more accurate methods are recommended for small systems, we find some evidence for the method's potential in high-throughput molecular screening applications and in the analysis of molecular dynamics simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a simple quantum perturbative full dimensionality model to study field emission from a graphene blade within the frame of the Bardeen transfer Hamiltonian formalism. The material electronic wavefunction is obtained for a multidimensional square well potential specifically designed to reproduce two important characteristics of the material, the Fermi level, and the shape of the emitting orbitals. The wavefunction in the vacuum between the electrodes is obtained with a close coupling method in a finite domain. Our model provides the emitted current density with respect to the applied field. This allows us to discriminate the different functional forms proposed to fit the Fowler–Nordheim emission curves. Our model also provides information on emission patterns. Electron total energy distributions are computed for different field intensities and compared with other theoretical and experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological insulators are insulators in the bulk but feature chiral energy propagation along the boundary. This property is topological in nature and therefore robust to disorder. Originally discovered in electronic materials, topologically protected boundary transport has since been observed in many other physical systems. Thus, it is natural to ask whether this phenomenon finds relevance in a broader context. We choreograph a dance in which a group of humans, arranged on a square grid, behave as a topological insulator. The dance features unidirectional flow of movement through dancers on the lattice edge. This effect persists when people are removed from the dance floor. Our work extends the applicability of wave physics to dance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross conjugation, though prevalent in many organic compounds, is typically considered less effective for electron delocalization compared to linear conjugation. Consequently, it is rarely used as the backbone structure for semiconducting conjugated polymers. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel building block, TIDP, which features a central cyclic dipeptide with cross conjugation characteristics. Strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions confer TIDP with a highly rigid and coplanar conformation. Importantly, theoretical calculations reveal that π electrons are well delocalized across the entire structure, despite its low aromaticity. Conjugated polymers incorporating TIDP exhibit high charge carrier mobilities, demonstrating the effective π electrons delocalization of this innovative building block. Our findings show that with rational design, cross conjugation can achieve effective π electrons delocalization, providing a valuable approach for developing high‐performance conjugated polymers for organic electronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since two‐dimensionalal (2D) materials have distinct chemical and physical properties, they are widely used in various sectors of modern technologies. In the domain of diagnostic biodevices, particularly for point‐of‐care (PoC) biomedical diagnostics, 2D‐based field‐effect transistor biosensors (bio‐FETs) demonstrate substantial potential. Here, in this review article, the operational mechanisms and detection capabilities of biosensing devices utilizing graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), black phosphorus, and other 2D materials are addressed in detail. The incorporation of these materials into FET‐based biosensors offers significant advantages, including low detection limits (LOD), real‐time monitoring, label‐free diagnosis, and exceptional selectivity. The review also highlights the diverse applications of these biosensors, ranging from conventional to wearable devices, underscoring the versatility of 2D material‐based FET devices. Additionally, the review provides a comprehensive assessment of the limitations and challenges faced by these devices, along with insights into future prospects and advancements. Notably, a detailed comparison of FET‐based biosensors is tabulated along with various other biosensing platforms and their working mechanisms. Ultimately, this review aims to stimulate further research and innovation in this field while educating the scientific community about the latest advancements in 2D materials‐based biosensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionic liquids (ILs) with remarkable performance offer opportunities to advance green and low-carbon chemical processes. Thus, much work is focused on building an innovative theory and knowledge framework to unravel the nature of ILs. Moreover, there is an increasing trend to utilize ILs in rapidly emerging fields. Aiming to provide an overview of the recent advances and challenges of ILs in the development of green processes for renewable resources, this review highlights the properties and functions of ILs in IL gating and as electrolyte additives, modifiers, exfoliation agents, nucleation substrates, tunable solvents, versatile carriers and biosensor components in three representative and revolutionary production processes, namely, new energy, electronic information materials, and biotechnologies. The innovative applications of ILs demonstrate their potential to create a landscape of low-carbon, high-end and smart technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, cerium has been attractive for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The cerium atom has the unique ability to cycle between two chemical states (Ce(III) and Ce(IV)) and drastically adjust its electronic configuration: [Xe] 4f15d16s2 in response to a chemical reaction. Understanding how electrons drive chemical reactions is an important topic. The most direct way of probing the chemical and electronic structure of materials is by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) or X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) in high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode. Such measurements at the Ce L3 edge have the advantage of a high penetration depth, enabling in‐situ reaction studies in a time‐resolved manner and investigation of material production or material performance under specific conditions. But how much do we understand Ce L3 XANES? This article provides an overview of the information that can be extracted from experimental Ce L3 XAS/XANES/HERFD data. A collection of XANES data recorded on various cerium systems in HERFD mode is presented here together with detailed discussions on data analysis and the current status of spectral interpretation, including electronic structure calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrawide bandgap aluminum nitride (AlN) stands out as a highly attractive material for high-power electronics. However, AlN power devices face performance challenges due to high contact resistivity exceeding 10−1 Ω cm2. In this Letter, we demonstrate achieving a low contact resistivity at the 10−4 Ω cm2 level via refined metallization processes applied directly to n-AlN. The minimum contact resistivity reached 5.82 × 10−4 Ω cm2. Our analysis reveals that the low contact resistance primarily results from the stable TiAlTi/AlN interface, resilient even under rigorous annealing conditions, which beneficially forms a thin Al–Ti–N interlayer, promotes substantial nitrogen vacancies, enhances the net carrier density at the interface, and lowers the contact barrier. This work marks a significant milestone in realizing superior Ohmic contacts for n-type AlN, paving the way for more efficient power electronic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pressure-induced phase transformations (PTs) in Si, the most important electronic material, have been broadly studied, whereas strain-induced PTs have never been studied in situ. Here, we reveal in situ various important plastic strain-induced PT phenomena. A correlation between the direct and inverse Hall-Petch effect of particle size on yield strength and pressure for strain-induced PT is predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally for Si-I→Si-II PT. For 100 nm particles, the strain-induced PT Si-I→Si-II initiates at 0.3 GPa under both compression and shear while it starts at 16.2 GPa under hydrostatic conditions. The Si-I→Si-III PT starts at 0.6 GPa but does not occur under hydrostatic pressure. Pressure in small Si-II and Si-III regions of micron and 100 nm particles is ∼5–7 GPa higher than in Si-I. For 100 nm Si, a sequence of Si-I → I + II → I + II + III PT is observed, and the coexistence of four phases, Si-I, II, III, and XI, is found under torsion. Retaining Si-II and single-phase Si-III at ambient pressure and obtaining reverse Si-II→Si-I PT demonstrates the possibilities of manipulating different synthetic paths. The obtained results corroborate the elaborated dislocation pileup-based mechanism and have numerous applications for developing economic defect-induced synthesis of nanostructured materials, surface treatment (polishing, turning, etc.), and friction. The authors report an in-situ x-ray diffraction study of pressure and strain-induced phase transformations in silicon, an essential electronic material. They observe several different plastic strain-induced transformation phenomena which may inspire practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic molecule‐doped n‐type single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) networks are promising candidates for advanced energy applications, such as flexible thermoelectrics and photovoltaics. Yet charge transport in n‐type SWCNTs is limited by two factors: i) charge localization impeding inter‐tube transport caused by disordered mesostructure of randomly oriented SWCNTs and ii) reduction of charge carrier concentration driven by oxidation. Herein, studied the relationship between the mesostructure and thermoelectric properties of n‐type SWCNTs obtained by surfactant‐functionalization and polymer‐dopant grafting. Surprisingly, the electrical conductivity of the polymer‐doped SWCNTs keeps increasing with increasing polymer content, even after the saturation of carrier concentration, resulting in 12x higher conductivity on polymer‐doping compared to surfactant‐functionalization. While hopping transport typically dominates in disordered systems, it is shown that a bridging effect from the polymer causes unusual band‐like conduction in polymer‐doped SWCNTs. Additionally, since surfactants are essential to prevent oxidation and retain n‐type over a long duration, shows that SWCNTs obtained through a dual‐functionalization strategy using both polymer‐dopant and surfactant, demonstrates a long‐term stable high n‐type thermoelectric power factor, when the surfactant amount is carefully controlled. Besides thermoelectrics, the findings are of general interest to developing stable and conductive n‐type SWCNTs for various energy and electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated and non-conjugated polyenes are important substructures and are often found in biologically active compounds and natural products. Their preparation often needs multiple steps or iterative reactions and as a result, they have poor step economies. In this feature article, we show a new methodology to prepare these substructures by combinations of cross-dimerisation giving borylated polyenes and subsequent cross-coupling reactions. This divergent reaction strategy allows for the opportunity to access many bioactive compounds and natural products as well as some electronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aerosol‐assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) was used to deposit highly transparent and conductive titanium or fluorine‐doped and titanium‐fluorine co‐doped ZnO thin films on glass substrate at 450 °C. All films were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), UV‐Vis spectroscopy, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM), and four‐point probe. The films were 600–680 nm thick, crystalline, and highly transparent (80–87 %). The co‐doped film consisted of 0.70 at % titanium and 1 at % fluorine, and displayed a charger carrier mobility, charge carrier concentration, and a minimum resistivity of 8.4 cm2 V−1 s−1, 3.97×1020 cm−3, and 1.69×10−3 Ω cm, respectively. A band gap of 3.6 eV was observed for the co‐doped film. Compared to the undoped and singly doped films, the co‐doped film displayed a notably higher structure morphology (more homogenous grains with well‐defined boundaries) suitable for transparent conducting oxide applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, newly unveiled 2D materials exhibiting exceptional characteristics, such as MBenes and MXenes, have gained widespread application across diverse domains, encompassing electronic devices, catalysis, energy storage, sensors, and various others. Nonetheless, numerous technical bottlenecks persist in the development of high‐performance, structurally flexible, and adjustable electronic device materials. Research investigations have demonstrated that 2D van der Waals superlattices (vdW SLs) structures comprising materials exhibit exceptional electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. In this work, the advantages of both materials are combined and compose the vdW SLs structure of MBenes and MXenes, thus obtaining materials with excellent electronic properties. Furthermore, it integrates machine learning (ML) with first‐principles methods to forecast the electrical properties of MBene/MXene superlattice materials. Initially, various configurations of MBene/MXene superlattice materials are explored, revealing that distinct stacking methods exert significant influence on the electronic structure of MBene/MXene materials. Specifically, the BABA‐type stacking of CrB (layer A) and Co2CO2 MXene (layer B) is most stable configureation. Subsequently, multiple descriptors of the structure are constructed to predict the density of states of vdW SLs through the employment of ML techniques. The best model achieves a mean absolute error (MAE) as low as 0.147 eV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastering electrodes' formulations is a complex and tedious task, because for each composition of electroactive material(s) it is necessary to adjust the inactive additives nature and content to optimize battery performance. In this direction, the amount of binder is proposed to be adjusted to the surface developed by all of the powders involved in the composition of the electrode, i.e., the electroactive materials and electronic conductive additives. This concept, introduces here as binder‐to‐powders coverage ratio, relies upon the micromechanical models developed in the field of polymer‐based composite materials. The validity of this new electrode formulation parameter is shown here for two different SiOx/Graphite blends, which differ in the type of graphite, and for blends of two different binders, polyacrylic acid and styrene−butadiene rubber. At the optimal coverage ratio, a satisfactory capacity retention is obtained in full cell with an ethylene carbonate free and fluoroethylene carbonate rich electrolyte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential use of organic electronic materials in various optoelectronic devices has drawn considerable attention in recent years. For organic electronic devices to operate more effectively, the exciton binding energy must be reduced. Using high-throughput screening methods and machine learning analyses, a thorough framework for creating organic electronic materials with lower exciton binding energies has been described in the current research. Our approach combines computer simulations, databases of materials, and data-driven algorithms to find viable compounds for materials with low exciton binding energies. Python software has been used to analyze various ML models. Breaking retrosynthetically interesting chemical substructures methodology has been used to form new compounds. The characteristics of compounds has been represented through molecular descriptors. Random forest regressor model, gradient boosting regressor model, K Neighbors regressor model and extra tree regressor model have been used to analyze the performance parameters. Twenty organic semi-conductors have been selected with low Eb values. The synthetic accessibility score indicated easy synthesis of selected semi-conductors. Similarity analysis has indicated structural similarity between selected semi-conductors. Machine learning is helping the potential use of organic electronic materials in various optoelectronic devices, such as organic photovoltaics, organic light-emitting diodes, and organic field-effect transistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tetragonal tungsten bronze structural type (TTB) is one of the interesting family where the structure is compatible with a wide variety of cationic substitution that permits tailoring physical properties including ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, nonlinear optics, and energy storage properties. Over the past years, major consideration was devoted to niobate based- tetragonal tungsten bronze, as promising materials for electronic components. In the present work, the conventional solid-state method was used to prepare samples within the NaNbO3−BaNb2O6−MoO3 system. The structural refinement performed by the Rietveld method and using GSAS-II software, showed that this sample is constituted by two crystalline phases namely Ba2Mo0.80NaNb4.20O15 and Ba2Mo0.40NaNb4.60O15. The first one crystallizes in the P4bm- tetragonal structure with cell parameters of a = b = 12.3762Å and c = 3.98587Å. However, the second was found to crystallize in the orthorhombic symmetry with Pba2 as space group and a = 12.5260 Å, b = 12.42936 Å, and c = 3.97861 Å. Raman spectroscopy was used to get complementary comments on the structure of the BNMO ceramic. The dielectric measurements were carried out from 25 °C to 550 °C and in a frequency range of (10 Hz–1 MHz). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Janus materials possess a diverse array of properties resulting from the breaking of mirror and inversion symmetries, holding significant potential for nanodevices. This study explores the novel TeMoZAZ' (A = Si,Ge; Z,Z' = N, P, As; Z ≠ Z') monolayers derived from the MoA2Z4 monolayer. Utilizing first‐principles calculations, the stability, electronic, transport, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties of the TeMoZAZ' monolayers are investigated. Among the 12 investigated structures, only five‐ TeMoNSiP, TeMoNSiAs, TeMoPSiAs, TeMoAsSiP and TeMoAsGeP monolayers‐ are found to be stable. The electronic properties analysis reveals metallic behavior in the TeMoNSiAs monolayer, while the remaining structures exhibit indirect or direct band gap semiconductor properties. Futher examination of the semiconducting monolayers indentifies the TeMoAsSiP monolayer with notably high hole carrier mobility along the y‐direction, reaching up to 3622.33 cm2 s−1 V−1. Moreover, investigation into the piezoelectric properties of these four semiconductor structures suggests their suitability for diverse applications in piezoelectric devices. Additionally, the effects of biaxial strain on the electronic and piezoelectric properties of these four semiconductor structures are explored. These findings propose a novel approach for designing 2D Janus materials, expanding the repertoire of 2D MA2Z4‐based Janus family and offering promising candidates for optoelectronic devices, wearable devices, and electromechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, additive manufacturing technologies have impacted different engineering sectors. Three- and four-dimensional printing techniques are increasingly used in soft and flexible electronics thanks to the possibility of working contemporarily with several materials on various substrates. The materials portfolio is wide, as well as printing processes. Shape memory polymers, together with composites, have gained great success in the electronic field and are becoming increasingly popular for fabricating pH, temperature, humidity, and stress sensors that are integrated into wearable, stretchable, and flexible devices, as well as for the fabrication of communication devices, such as antennas. Here, we report an overview of the state of the art about the application of 4D printing technologies and smart materials in electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studying structural and electronic processes in the materials inside a battery as they occur during battery operation is key for developing novel improved materials for future generations of batteries. Such studies often entail X‐ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy, which have so far primarily been conducted at synchrotron facilities despite the widespread use of laboratory‐based X‐ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy for day‐to‐day characterisation. With the "Developed in Aarhus: New Operando In‐house Scattering Electrochemical" (DANOISE) cell, these experiments are brought into the laboratories making in‐house operando X‐ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy on‐demand additions to the existing facilities. The chic and facile design of the DANOISE cell provides high quality scattering and absorption data besides providing reliable electrochemical performance. In this work, we describe the design of the DANOISE cell and demonstrate the capabilities of the cell using different commercial technologies for Li‐ion batteries and from a new Na‐ion battery electrode material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of probiotics in patients with halitosis and to assess whether probiotics can also be implemented as a preventative tool in oral health. Secondary objectives included the effect of probiotics on oral-health-related quality of life, as well as their safety. Materials and methods: An electronic literature search in Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library was carried out for the identification and selection of relevant randomized controlled trials. Eligibility was based on inclusion criteria, which included RCTs published after 2013, and the outcome variables were volatile sulfur compound (VSC) levels, organoleptic scores, plaque, or saliva samples to assess cariogenic bacteria counts and/or pH levels. Results: Out of 192 identified records, 16 randomized controlled trials were included. Ten of those studied the effects of probiotics on halitosis and the other six analyzed the effect of probiotics on oral health parameters, such as cariogenic bacteria counts, pH levels, and salivary flow and quality. A total of 921 patients were evaluated. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool version 2. Conclusions: Probiotics exhibit the potential for oral health management by reducing VSC levels, improving saliva quality, and enhancing oral-health-related quality of life. Combining probiotics with tongue scraping may sustain VSC reduction, while symbiotics show potential in reducing tongue coating. However, different bacterial strains have been used in the included studies; hence, the conclusions cannot be generalized, being one of the main limitations of this review. Future research should explore the probiotics' potential to persist in the oral cavity post-treatment and employ standardized methodologies for conclusive efficacy assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work demonstrates the potentials of a commercially available few-layer graphene (FLG) in enhancing the electro-dissipative properties, mechanical strength, and UV protection of polyolefin blend composites; interesting features of electronic packaging materials. Polyethylene (PE)/ polypropylene (PP)/ FLG blend composites were prepared following two steps. Firstly, different concentrations of FLG were mixed with either the PE or PP phases. Subsequently, in the second step, this pre-mixture was melt-blended with the other phase of the blend. FLG-filled composites were characterized in terms of electrical conductivity, morphological evolution upon shear-induced deformation, mechanical properties, and UV stability of polyolefin blend composites. Premixing of FLG with the PP phase has been observed to be a better mixing strategy to attain higher electrical conductivity in PE/PP/FLG blend composite. This observation is attributed to the influential effect of FLG migration from a thermodynamically less favourable PP phase to a favourable PE phase via the PE/PP interface. Interestingly, the addition of 4 wt.% (~2 vol.%) and 5 wt.% (~2.5 vol.%) of FLG increased an electrical conductivity of ~10 orders of magnitude in PE/PP—60/40 (1.87 × 10−5 S/cm) and PE/PP—20/80 (1.25 × 10−5 S/cm) blends, respectively. Furthermore, shear-induced deformation did not alter the electrical conductivity of the FLG-filled composite, indicating that the conductive FLG network within the composite is resilient to such deformation. In addition, 1 wt.% FLG was observed to be sufficient to retain the original mechanical properties in UV-exposed polyolefin composites. FLG exhibited pronounced UV stabilizing effects, particularly in PE-rich blends, mitigating surface cracking and preserving ductility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conductive hydrogels have emerged as fascinating materials for flexible electronics because of their integrated conductivity, mechanical flexibility, and the possibility to introduce several smart functions. However, the swelling of hydrogels in aqueous environments significantly reduces their applicability where contact with water is unavoidable. In this study, a physically cross‐linked composite hydrogel is proposed, that is transparent, highly stretchable, anti‐swelling, capable of autonomous self‐healing, adhesive, and anti‐freezing. The hydrogel is synthesized through a simple one‐step photopolymerization in a novel deep eutectic solvent (DES)/water system. Dynamic physical interactions, including hydrophobic interaction, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions, confer remarkable transparency (92%), self‐healing capability (up to 94%), good adhesion to a wide array of substrates (91 to 199 kPa), high toughness (1.46 MJ m−3), excellent elongation at break (up to 2064%), and resistance to swelling in water (equilibrium swelling ratio of 3% in water for 30 days) even in solutions at different pH (pH 1–11), and in other solvents. The incorporation of a DES contributes to exceptional anti‐freezing performance. The transparent sensor achieves multifunctional sensing and human motion detection with high sensitivity and stability. Notably, the sensor demonstrates information transmission underwater through stretching and pressing, showcasing its immense potential in underwater flexible devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution-processable 2D semiconductor inks based on electrochemical molecular intercalation and exfoliation of bulk layered crystals using organic cations has offered an alternative pathway to low-cost fabrication of large-area flexible and wearable electronic devices. However, the growth of large-piece bulk crystals as starting material relies on costly and prolonged high-temperature process, representing a critical roadblock towards practical and large-scale applications. Here we report a general liquid-metal-assisted approach that enables the electrochemical molecular intercalation of low-cost and readily available crystal powders. The resulted solution-processable MoS2 nanosheets are of comparable quality to those exfoliated from bulk crystals. Furthermore, this method can create a rich library of functional 2D electronic inks (>50 types), including 2D wide-bandgap semiconductors of low electrical conductivity. Lastly, we demonstrated the all-solution-processable integration of 2D semiconductors with 2D conductors and 2D dielectrics for the fabrication of large-area thin-film transistors and memristors at a greatly reduced cost. Electrochemical molecular intercalation and exfoliation are established methods to obtain 2D semiconductor inks, but they usually require costly bulk layered crystals as starting materials. Here, the authors report a facile and general liquid-metal-assisted method to synthesize >50 types of 2D material inks from low-cost crystal powders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thiophene‐based conjugated polymers show a unique position in the constantly expanding variety of conjugated polymers because of their outstanding optical and conductive characteristics. during the past few decades, many researchers have made significant contributions by developing new methods to create more effective materials for electronic applications. Employing one‐pot Suzuki polycondensation, a unique series of structurally condensed multicolumn/multilayer 3D polymers and oligomers have been developed and synthesized in this research. Polymers were produced with moderate to excellent yields in all instances, as examined by GPC and 1H‐NMR. The results from experiments of optical rotation and AIE investigation, show that the current work will benefit materials research and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanohoops, cyclic association of π‐conjugated systems to form a hoop‐shaped molecule, have been widely developed in the last 15 years. Beyond the synthetic challenge, the strong interest towards these molecules arises from their radially oriented π‐orbitals, which provide singular properties to these fascinating structures. Thanks to their particular cylindrical arrangement, this new generation of curved molecules have been already used in many applications such as host–guest complexation, biosensing, bioimaging, solid‐state emission and catalysis. However, their potential in organic electronics has only started to be explored. From the first incorporation as an emitter in a fluorescent organic light emitting diode (OLED), to the recent first incorporation as a host in phosphorescent OLEDs or as charge transporter in organic field‐effect transistors and in organic photovoltaics, this field has shown important breakthroughs in recent years. These findings have revealed that curved materials can play a key role in the future and can even be more efficient than their linear counterparts. This can have important repercussions for the future of electronics. Time has now come to overview the different nanohoops used to date in electronic devices in order to stimulate the future molecular designs of functional materials based on these macrocycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearable electronic devices have emerged as a pivotal technology in healthcare and artificial intelligence robots. Among the materials that are employed in wearable electronic devices, organic thermoelectric materials possess great application potential due to their advantages such as flexibility, easy processing ability, no working noise, being self-powered, applicable in a wide range of scenarios, etc. However, compared with classic conductive materials and inorganic thermoelectric materials, the research on organic thermoelectric materials is still insufficient. In order to improve our understanding of the potential of organic thermoelectric materials in wearable electronic devices, this paper reviews the types of organic thermoelectric materials and composites, their assembly strategies, and their potential applications in wearable electronic devices. This review aims to guide new researchers and offer strategic insights into wearable electronic device development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularization of 5G technology and artificial intelligence, thermally conductive epoxies with self‐healing ability will be widely used in flexible electronic materials. Although many compounds containing both performances have been synthesized, there is little systematic theory to explain the coordination mechanism. In this paper, alkyl chains of different lengths were introduced to epoxies to discuss the thermally conductive, the self‐healing performance, and the synergistic effect. A series of electronic‐grade biphenyl epoxies (4,4′‐bis(oxiran‐2‐ylmethoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (1), 4,4′‐bis(2‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)ethoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (2), 4,4′‐bis(3‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)propoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (3), and 4,4′‐bis(4‐(oxiran‐2‐yl)butoxy)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (4) were synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, they were cured with decanedioic acid to produce polymers. Results showed that alkyl chains can both affect the two properties, and the epoxies suitable for specific application scenarios can be prepared by adjusting the length of alkyl chains. In terms of thermal conductivity, compound 1 was a most promising material. However, compound 4 was expected to be utilized in flexible electronic devices because of its acceptable thermal conductivity, self‐healing ability, transparency, and flexibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epoxy resins were reinforced with different ZnO nanofillers (commercial ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), recycled ZnO and functionalized ZnO NPs) in order to obtain ZnO–epoxy composites with suitable mechanical properties, high adhesion strength, and good resistance to corrosion. The final properties of ZnO–epoxy composites depend on several factors, such as the type and contents of nanofillers, the epoxy resin type, curing agent, and preparation methods. This paper aims to review the preparation methods, mechanical and anti-corrosion performance, and applications of ZnO–epoxy composites. The epoxy–ZnO composites are demonstrated to be valuable materials for a wide range of applications, including the development of anti-corrosion and UV-protective coatings, for adhesives and the chemical industry, or for use in building materials or electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biologically inspired peptide‐based materials, as novel charge transport materials, have gained increasing interest in bioelectronics due to their remarkable electrical properties and inherent biocompatibility. Extensive studies have shown that peptides can self‐assemble into a variety of hierarchical nanostructures with unique physical properties through supramolecular interactions. Therefore, peptide‐based materials hold great promise for applications in emerging electronic fields such as sensing, energy harvesting, energy storage, and electronic transmission. Herein, this work proposes a review article to summarize the rational design and research progress of peptide‐based materials and devices in bioelectronics. This work first introduces the design strategies and assembly mechanism for constructing high‐performance peptide‐based electronic materials and devices. In the following part, the applications of peptide‐based electronic materials and devices are systematically classified and discussed, including sensors, piezoelectric nanogenerators, electrodes, and semiconductors. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of peptide‐based bioelectronic materials and devices are presented. This work believes that this review will provide inspiration and guidance for the design and development of innovative peptide‐based smart materials in the field of bioelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring stable integration of diverse soft electronic components for reliable operation under dynamic conditions is crucial. However, integrating soft electronics, comprising various materials like polymers, metals, and hydrogels, poses challenges due to their different mechanical and chemical properties. This study introduces a dried-hydrogel adhesive made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and tannic acid multilayers (d-HAPT), which integrates soft electronic materials through moisture-derived chain entanglement. d-HAPT is a thin (~1 µm) and highly transparent (over 85% transmittance in the visible light region) adhesive, showing robust bonding (up to 3.6 MPa) within a short time (<1 min). d-HAPT demonstrates practical application in wearable devices, including a hydrogel touch panel and strain sensors. Additionally, the potential of d-HAPT for use in implantable electronics is demonstrated through in vivo neuromodulation and electrocardiographic recording experiments while confirming its biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. It is expected that d-HAPT will provide a reliable platform for integrating soft electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional electronic devices inevitably undergo degradation over time due to deformation, fatigue, or mechanical damage, ultimately resulting in device failure. To overcome this issue, researchers have pioneered the field of elastic electronics, incorporating higher mechanical tensile properties or strain resistance into electronic devices. Elastic materials, especially self‐healing elastomers (SHEs) are regarded as a crucial component in elastic electronics, offering the potential for restoring functionality and prolonging the lifespan of electronic devices. SHEs possess remarkable ability to tolerate significant deformation and utilize intrinsic dynamic chemical bonds to autonomously repair themselves from varying degrees of damage. The acquisition of intrinsic SHEs is key to the development of self‐healing elastic electronics and has attracted global attention. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in self‐healing elastic electronics. First, the various self‐healing mechanisms present in elastomeric material systems are summarized. Second, the design strategies for constructing SHEs based on self‐healing mechanisms are reviewed in detail, with a particular emphasis on dynamic covalent and non‐covalent bonds. Subsequently, various optoelectronic applications of SHEs in elastic electronics are summarized. Finally, the challenges and prospects that lie ahead in order to foster further development in this rapidly growing field are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the research and development in conductive polymer composites (CPCs) had gained considerable interests in both industry and academia as potential materials for electronic interconnects. These composites require to have the ability to conduct electric while maintaining sufficient flexibility while withstanding the bending, twisting, or stretching during service. To achieve the desired composite properties, the processing method and the parameters involved plays important role and ought to be investigated. In this study, the effect compounding parameters on the preparation of linear-low density polyethylene/carbon black (LLDPE/CB) polymer composite were carried out. Factors namely filler loadings, screw speed and maximum barrel temperatures were selected and their effects on the tensile properties and conductivity were analyzed in this research. It was observed that the increasing of filler loadings from 5 wt.% to 10 wt.% has increased the electrical conductivity from 1.11x10-2 S/m to 1.46x10-2 S/m. The pareto chart shows that the filler loading was important factors to the result of composite conductivity. Moreover, the main effect plot shows that the filler loading has the highest mean effect on conductivity as it is important for the formation of conducting path in composite. It was also established that the pareto chart also shows that filler loading and barrel temperature have the highest significant effect on LLDPE/CB polymer composite tensile properties. The changes in the combinations of factors affect the tensile properties as revealed by the main effect plots for LLDPE/CB CPCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First-principles density functional formulation was used to explore the electronic and optical properties of magnesium chalcogenides sulfides, MgXS3 (X = Ti and Zr), which compose of magnesium titanium sulfide, MgTiS3, and magnesium zirconium sulfide, MgZrS3. The lattice parameter calculations for MgZrS3 yielded 9.19 Å, a bulk modulus of 170.6 GPa, and an equilibrium volume of 423.03 ų. In contrast, MgTiS3 yielded 9.27 Å, a bulk modulus of 251.3 GPa, and an equilibrium volume of 117.06 3 ų. The computation gave a direct bandgap value for MgTiS3 and MgZrS3 of 1.1 eV and 1.3 eV, respectively. The dielectric constants of 38 and 32 were observed for the imaginary and real values for energy equivalents of 0.7 eV and 1.35 eV. The determined dielectric constants and energy values of the perovskite compounds were 70 and 1.35 eV respectively with their point of intersection also at this bandgap value. The efficiency of the compounds was calculated using the spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) in order to ascertain their output as absorber materials. The findings show that MgZrS3 had a higher efficiency value of 32.54% and MgTiS3 with 29.45%. These compounds' computed properties point to the possibility of creating inexpensive, non-toxic absorber layer materials for use in solar cell development and other electronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, mathematical modeling design based on Sound Transmission Loss measurement results of new acoustic material samples with natural content was carried out. Using the test samples in question, transfer function of acoustic materials based on electronic filter circuit design and a transition design method for the production of new acoustic materials by utilizing the transfer function is presented. Based on the experimental results of the test samples, it is the most suitable low-pass filter structure for the proposed design. In this study, active Sallen-Key lowpass filter structure is preferred and used. Sound Transmission Losses in dB (decibels) of acoustic samples were obtained experimentally for 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz. fundamental frequencies in the literature. Based on these data, transfer function simulation suppression gain results were obtained in TINA-TI program, active filter circuit designed, and MATLAB program. When the other results were compared in the experimental results, it was seen that very close values were obtained. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method can be used effectively in the design and examination of new acoustic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study defines the technological procedures for obtaining GexSi1 – x alloys through the diffusion method by introducing germanium atoms into monocrystalline silicon. The research results indicate that the fundamental parameters of the resultingGexSi1 – x alloys differ from the fundamental parameters of the initial silicon, particularly altering the energy values of silicon's forbidden zone. Elemental analysis of the sample surfaces revealed silicon concentration (in atomic percentages) of approximately ~ 70.66 % and germanium ~29.36%. To manufacture and study the parameters of silicon-based solar cells with GexSi1 – x–Si heterostructures, we used samples obtained by two different methods. In the first method, the p-n junction was formed by introducing phosphorus impurity atoms into the original silicon of p-type silicon grade. In the second method, the p-n junction was formed by boron diffusion into the original silicon of SEPH (silicon electronic type, doping material of phosphorus) grade. In both cases, the depth of the p-n junction ranged from 0.5 to 6 μm. It was also shown that the binary compounds GexSi1 – x are a new material for modern electronics; the possibility of creating properties in electronics based on them was shown. Based on them, it is proposed to create devices and new functionality and highly efficient solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrolytic copper foils are functional basic raw material in the electronics manufacturing industry. Due to different electrolytic process conditions (such as types of additives, current density, electrodeposition time, etc.), different microstructures will be formed during the raw foil manufacturing process, such as grain size, morphology, twinning, and texture. These microstructures are closely related to the performance of the electrolytic copper foil (ECF). Texture is one key aspect among them, as it affects various properties of ECF to a certain extent, including tensile strength, elongation, and hardness. Therefore, texture is receiving increasing research attention. This article reviews recent studies on the texture of ECF, analyzes the influence of electrolytic process conditions on the formation of texture, and explores the intrinsic relationship between texture and the mechanical properties of ECF. It also provides an outlook on the mechanisms for the study of ECF texture and its future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics has emerged as a continuously growing field of study. Two‐dimensional (2D) materials often act as conductors and electrodes in electronic devices, holding significant promise in the design of high‐performance, flexible electronics. Numerous studies have focused on harnessing the potential of these materials for the development of such devices. However, to date, the incorporation of 2D materials in flexible electronics has rarely been summarized or reviewed. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop comprehensive reviews for rapid updates on this evolving landscape. This review covers progress in complex material architectures based on 2D materials, including interfaces, heterostructures, and 2D/polymer composites. Additionally, it explores flexible and wearable energy storage and conversion, display and touch technologies, and biomedical applications, together with integrated design solutions. Although the pursuit of high‐performance and high‐sensitivity instruments remains a primary objective, the integrated design of flexible electronics with 2D materials also warrants consideration. By combining multiple functionalities into a singular device, augmented by machine learning and algorithms, we can potentially surpass the performance of existing wearable technologies. Finally, we briefly discuss the future trajectory of this burgeoning field. This review discusses the recent advancements in flexible sensors made from 2D materials and their applications in integrated architecture and device design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A procedure is developed for producing basic electronic components utilizing materials sourced from discarded orange, grapefruit, lemon, apple, banana, potato, and carrot peels. Initially, these materials undergo dehydration, followed by a meticulous pulverization process to obtain fine powder. Natural adhesives like water, honey, sugar, starch, and gelatin are employed to interconnect the materials. Formed substrates are characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy, and an optical profilometer. Furthermore, the relative permittivity of the materials is determined. Three distinct types of substrates, derived from the aforementioned peels, are crafted in varying dimensions. Substrates measuring 4 cm × 2.5 cm host interdigital capacitive sensors, whereas larger 6 cm × 3.5 cm substrates accommodate inductor‐capacitor (LC) sensors. Each of the six samples undergoes individual dry testing, while LC sensors are additionally tested with the post‐application of artificial saliva and mouthwash liquids. The sensor's characterization involves measurement of impedance and phase angle for all samples. Capacitance is additionally measured for capacitors, and inductance for LC circuits. These assessments are carried out within the frequency range spanning from 1 MHz to 400 MHz. The objective is the development of fully functional electronic components, derived from discarded edible items, fostering sustainable practices, and finding applications in biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunability of properties is one of the most important features of 2D materials, among which graphene is attracting the most attention due to wide variety of its possible applications. Here, we demonstrated that the carrier concentration in graphene can be efficiently tuned by the material of the dielectric substrate on which it resides. To this end, we fabricated samples of CVD-grown graphene transferred onto silicon wafers covered with alumina, titanium dioxide, and silicon dioxide. We measured the transmission spectra of these samples using a time-domain terahertz spectrometer and extracted the Drude frequency-dependent graphene conductivity. We found that the sheet resistance of graphene is strongly affected by the underlying dielectric material, while the carrier scattering time remains the same. The carrier concentration value was found to range from 7 × 10 11 / c m 2 in the case of alumina and 4.5 × 10 12 / c m 2 in the case of titanium dioxide. These estimations are consistent with what can be extracted from the position of the G-peak in the Raman spectra of graphene. Our results show a way to control the graphene doping level in applications where it does not have to be adjusted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In power electronics, there are various metallic material systems used as die attachments. The complete understanding of the thermomechanical behavior of such interconnections is very important. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the thermomechanical response of four famous die attach materials, including sintered silver, sintered nano-copper particles, gold-tin solders and silver-tin transient liquid phase (TLP) bonds, using nonlinear finite element analysis. Design/methodology/approach: During the study, the mechanical properties of all die attach systems, including elastic and viscoplasticity parameters, are obtained from literature studies and hence incorporated into the numerical analysis. Subsequently, the bond stress–strain relationships, stored inelastic strain energies and equivalent plastic strains are thoroughly examined. Findings: The results showed that the silver-tin TLP bonds are more likely to develop higher inelastic strain energy densities, while the sintered silver and copper interconnects would possess higher plastic strains and deformations. Suggesting higher damage to such metallic die attachments. The expensive gold-based solders have developed least inelastic strain energy densities and least plastic strains as well. Thus, they are expected to have improved fatigue performance compared to other bonding configurations. Originality/value: This paper extensively investigates and compares the mechanical and thermal response of various metallic die attachments. In fact, there are no available research studies that discuss the behavior of such important die attachments of power electronics when exposed to mechanical and thermomechanical loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of metallicity and ferroelectricity challenges conventional understanding, creating opportunities for advanced electronic materials and devices. This breakthrough is particularly notable, as metallicity and ferroelectricity have traditionally been considered mutually exclusive physical properties. In this work, starting with non-polar metallic single layers, we propose a design scheme for designing two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric metals (FEMs) based on van der Waals interactions. By first-principles calculations, we also substantiate the feasibility of the design scheme in materials such as FeSe and H-MnTe2. Notably, this scheme unveils metallic ferroelectricity, characterized by reversing polarization through interlayer sliding. Furthermore, these systems exhibit a coexistence of inherent magnetism and sliding ferroelectricity. The investigated design scheme and observed phenomena have broad applicability across 2D materials. Our results not only advance research in 2D FEMs but also enhance the understanding of coupled physical phenomena in 2D lattices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonequilibrium dynamics governed by electron–phonon (e-ph) interactions plays a key role in electronic devices and spectroscopies and is central to understanding electronic excitations in materials. The real-time Boltzmann transport equation (rt-BTE) with collision processes computed from first principles can describe the coupled dynamics of electrons and atomic vibrations (phonons). Yet, a bottleneck of these simulations is the calculation of e–ph scattering integrals on dense momentum grids at each time step. Here we show a data-driven approach based on dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) that can accelerate the time propagation of the rt-BTE and identify dominant electronic processes. We apply this approach to two case studies, high-field charge transport and ultrafast excited electron relaxation. In both cases, simulating only a short time window of ~10% of the dynamics suffices to predict the dynamics from initial excitation to steady state using DMD extrapolation. Analysis of the momentum-space modes extracted from DMD sheds light on the microscopic mechanisms governing electron relaxation to a steady state or equilibrium. The combination of accuracy and efficiency makes our DMD-based method a valuable tool for investigating ultrafast dynamics in a wide range of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the dielectric properties of conductive biocomposites (CBs), which are integral to the development of advanced materials for flexible electronics and medical devices. A novel method employing Microwave Reflectometry (MR) is introduced, utilizing a miniaturized Vector Network Analyzer (m-VNA) and a dedicated sensing element (SE), to extract the dielectric properties of CBs. The method is grounded in a minimization principle, aligning the measured S 11 reflection scattering parameter with its electromagnetic (EM) simulation, facilitating a refined process for determining the dielectric properties. The experimental setup was meticulously engineered, optimized, and validated using reference dielectric samples (RDSs) with known dielectric properties. The method was then applied to three innovative CBs, resulting in an accurate extrapolation of their dielectric properties. The findings highlight the method's versatility, cost-efficiency, and applicability to ultra-thin and flexible biopolymer films, offering significant potential for advancements in flexible electronics and bio-sensing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic semiconductor small molecules and polymers often incorporate heteroatoms into their chemical structures to affect the electronic properties of the material. A particular design philosophy has been to use these heteroatoms to influence torsional potentials, since the overlap of adjacent π‐orbitals is most efficient in planar systems and is critical for charge delocalization in these systems. Since these design rules became popular, the messages from the earlier works have become lost in a sea of reports of "conformational locks", where the non‐covalent interactions have relatively small contributions to planarizing torsional potentials. Greater influences can be found in the stabilization by extended conjugation, consideration of steric repulsion, and the interactions involving solubilizing chains and neighboring molecules or polymer chains in condensed phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles are widely utilized in printed electronics for forming conductive lines due to their exceptional electrical conductivity, resistance to oxidation, and mechanical reliability. Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to monitor real-time sintering behavior at the atomic scale. This feat is challenging to achieve through experimental means. Thermal properties, including melting points and sintering behaviors, are theoretically characterized across a range of particle sizes (from 3 nm to 20 nm). This study analyzes the melting behavior of multi-sized silver nanoparticles and simulates the structural evolution and morphology changes during the sintering process. The simulations reveal noteworthy phenomena, such as variations in melting points, gyration radii, and mean square displacements based on different particle sizes. Additionally, an optimal sintering temperature is determined through shrinkage coefficient calculations. These simulation outcomes shed light on phenomena at the atomic level, presenting a theoretical foundation for optimizing conductive ink formulation and refining sintering conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, point defects are proposed to modify the electronic and magnetic properties of SiP monolayer. Pristine monolayer is a non‐magnetic semiconductor 2D material with energy gap of 1.52(2.21) eV as predicted by PBE(HSE06) functional. Single Si vacancy (VSi${\rm V}_{Si}$), Si+P divacancy (VSiP${\rm V}_{SiP}$), and substituting one P atom by one Si atom (SiP${\rm Si}_{P}$) magnetize significantly SiP monolayer. Herein, total magnetic moments between 1.00 and 2.00 μB$\mu _{B}$ are obtained VSi${\rm V}_{Si}$VSiP${\rm V}_{SiP}$SiP${\rm Si}_{P}$. In contrast, no magnetism is induced by single P vacancy (VP${\rm V}_{P}$), substituting one Si atom by one P atom (PSi${\rm P}_{Si}$), and exchanging pair Si‐P positions (Si↔P${\rm Si}\leftrightarrow {\rm P}$). Moreover, significant magnetization of SiP monolayer is also achieved by doping with single Li and Cu atoms (LiSi${\rm Li}_{Si}$ and CuSi${\rm Cu}_{Si}$), as well as pair of Li and Cu atoms (pLiSi${\rm pLi}_{Si}$ and pCuSi${\rm pCu}_{Si}$). Total magnetic moments between 0.84 and 1.42 μB$\mu _{B}$ are obtained. Interestingly, the half‐metallicity is observed in LiSi${\rm Li}_{Si}$ and CuSi${\rm Cu}_{Si}$ systems. When substituting P atom, F, Cl, and Br impurities reduce significantly the SiP monolayer bandgap, preserving its non‐magnetic nature. In contrast, a total magnetic moment of 1.26 μB$\mu _{B}$ is obtained by doping with I atom. Results presented herein may introduce the defected and doped SiP systems as prospective 2D candidates for spintronic and optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unintentional electromagnetic (EM) emissions often include information about the data processed by electronic devices. Intrusion based on an unintentional EM emission leaves no evidence of an attacker's activity, while the data owner is unaware that it has been lost. EM attacks can be performed without physically damaging a device that operates regularly. The most typical intrusion activities involve sensitive data exfiltration using various methods that do not require the physical connection of devices to the computer network or communication channels. This research examines EM emissions from computer monitors, wireless keyboards and mice, printers, scanners, conductors, piezoelectric sensors (PES), and radio frequency identification (RFID) devices. The telecommunication electronics material protected from emanating spurious transmissions (TEMPEST) profiling as a performance engineering of the EM footprint is discussed. This study also presents different TEMPEST standards and highlights their importance concerning unintentional EM radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on investigating the effect of printing direction on the mechanical properties of Cu–10Sn alloys prepared by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technology. Specimens with different forming angles (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°) were fabricated using LPBF technology, and their mechanical properties were systematically tested. During the testing process, we used an Instron 5985 electronic universal material testing machine to accurately evaluate the mechanical properties of the material at a constant strain rate of 10−3/s. The experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of the specimens were the best when the test direction was perpendicular to the growth direction (i.e., the 0° direction). As the angle between the test direction and the growth direction increased, the mechanical properties of the material exhibited a trend of first decreasing, then increasing, and then decreasing again, which was consistent with the direction of the microtexture of the specimens. The root cause of this trend lies in the significant change in the stress direction borne by the columnar crystals under different load directions. Specifically, as the load direction gradually transitions from being parallel to the columnar crystals to perpendicular to them, the stress direction of the columnar crystals also shifts from the radial direction to the axial direction. Due to the differences in the number and strength of grain boundaries in different stress directions, this directly leads to changes in mechanical properties. In particular, when the specimen is loaded in the radial direction of the columnar crystals, the grain boundary density is higher, and these grain boundaries provide greater resistance during dislocation migration, thus significantly hindering tensile deformation and enabling the material to exhibit superior tensile properties. Among all the tested angles, the laser powder bed fusion specimen with a forming angle of 0° exhibited the best mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 723 MPa, a yield strength of 386 MPa, and an elongation of 33%. In contrast, the specimen with a forming angle of 90° performed the worst in terms of tensile properties. These findings provide important insights for us to deeply understand the mechanical properties of Cu–10Sn alloys prepared by LPBF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]