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There is an obvious lack of focus on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in multiple levels of education. The paper presents and is a part of the ongoing EU project AIM@VET (Artificial Intelligence Modules for Vocational Education and Training) that covers the development of learning modules aimed at adapting Vocational Education and Training to the needs of the labor market with a focus on AI. There are six partners from Spain, Portugal and Slovenia, where in the Slovenian branch, the University of Ljubljana (UL) and School Center Velenje (SCV) serve as contributing partners, focusing on computer vision aspect of AI. The topics include capturing and curating unbiased data, detection and segmentation, and tracking and recognition. The development process mainly involves UL preparing the content and the SCV teachers transferring the content to students, with both students and teachers providing feedback. The importance of VET education in AI and the significance of ensuring unbiased and fair algorithms are especially emphasized throughout the project.

Uvod: Vse več je žensk, ki na prvo mesto postavljajo kariero, na drugo mesto pa dom in družino. Trend naraščanja odloženega materinstva se v zadnjih desetletjih opaža predvsem v razvitih državah ter tudi v Sloveniji. Višja, kot je starost nosečnice, večja možnost je zapletov v nosečnosti, obporodnem in poporodnem obdobju. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati, kakšen vpliv ima odloženo materinstvo na žensko in njenega otroka. S pomočjo teoretičnega pregleda se raziskuje, kakšne so psihosocialne značilnosti žensk, ki se odločajo za odloženo materinstvo in kako psihosocialne značilnosti vplivajo na otroka. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena opisna oziroma deskriptivna metoda dela. Zbiranje podatkov je potekalo s pregledom in kritičnim izborom strokovne in znanstvene literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku, na področju prednosti odloženega materinstva. Podatki so se zbirali s pomočjo slovenskih in tujih podatkovnih baz: CINAHL with full text, Google Učenjak, PubMed, Medline in Science Direct, do katerih se je dostopalo preko oddaljene povezave knjižnice Zdravstvene fakultete v Ljubljani. Uporabila se je predvsem literatura v starosti zadnjih 15 let. Narejena je bila kvalitativna analiza izbranih študij. Pridobljene študije so bile ocenjene tudi glede na metodološko kakovost. Rezultati: Edina potrjena psihosocialna značilnost starejših mam, ki bi lahko pomenila prednost, je višja izobrazba. Dobra izobrazba, dobro delovno mesto in posledično večji zaslužek lahko vodijo do občutka večje sreče, boljša je kognitivna funkcija mater zaradi več socialnih interakcij in bolj pogoste so dejavnosti z otrokom, kot na primer branje, igranje iger in pomoč pri domači nalogi, ki delujejo kognitivno spodbudno. Ženske, ki se pozneje odločajo za otroke, kasneje nastopijo menopavzo, kar jim zmanjša tveganje za srčni infarkt, možgansko kap in druge srčno-žilne bolezni, ki so vodilni vzrok smrti po svetu in tako lahko tudi živijo dlje. Materinstvo v poznejših letih vpliva tudi na psihosocialne značilnosti otrok, saj so otroci starejših mam bolj zdravi, imajo manj nenamernih poškodb, manj socialnih in čustvenih težav ter kasneje v življenju nižji delež zlorabe substanc in pri njih je zaznati nižjo stopnjo mladoletniškega kriminala. Razprava in zaključek: Skoraj neobstoječe so študije o psihosocialnih značilnostih žensk, ki se odločajo za poznejše materinstvo. Razen dejstva, da so visoko izobražene, ni dokazov o specifičnih karakteristikah teh žensk. Večina študij je raziskovala vpliv in ne etiologijo poznega materinstva. Rezultati študij nakazujejo, da so bolj izobražene mame bolj ozaveščene o zdravju in zdravih življenjskih navadah, ki jih posledično prenesejo na otroka. Otrok, ki bo celo predšolsko in šolsko obdobje preživel v urejenem, zdravem okolju, se bo verjetno posluževal zdravega načina življenja tudi v prihodnje. Kljub temu, da v fizičnem smislu odloženo materinstvo predstavlja slabost, lahko trdimo, da psihosocialne prednosti odloženega materinstva obstojijo. Introduction: An increasing number of women prioritise their careers over their homes and families. In recent decades, there has been an increasing trend of delayed motherhood, particularly in developed countries and also in Slovenia. The older the pregnant woman, the greater the risk of complications in pregnancy, obstetrics, and postpartum. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to investigate the impact of delayed motherhood on a woman and her child. The theoretical review investigates the psychosocial characteristics of women who choose to delay motherhood, and how psychosocial characteristic influence on child. Methods: In this thesis, the descriptive method of work was used. Data was gathered by reviewing and critically selecting professional and scientific literature in Slovenian and English on the benefits of deferred motherhood. The data was gathered using Slovenian and foreign databases, including CINAHL with full text, Google Scholar, Pub Med, Medline and Science Direct which were accessed via a remote link from the library of the Faculty of Health in Ljubljana. In particular, literature from the last 15 years has been used. A qualitative analysis of the selected studies was carried out. The studies obtained were also assessed for methodological quality. Results: Higher education is the only proven psychosocial characteristic of older mothers that may confer an advantage. A good education, a good job, and higher earnings can all lead to a greater sense of happiness. Mothers' cognitive function improves as a result of more social interactions and more frequent cognitively stimulating activities with their children, such as reading, playing games, and assisting with homework. Women who delay having children enter menopause later, lowering their risk of heart attack, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death worldwide, and thus living longer. Motherhood in later years also has an impact on children's psychosocial characteristics, as children of older mothers are healthier, have fewer accidental injuries, have fewer social and emotional problems, and have a lower proportion of substance abuse and a lower rate of juvenile crimes later in life. Discussion and conclusion: There have been few studies on the psychosocial characteristics of women who choose later motherhood. Aside from the fact that they are highly educated, there is no evidence of these women's specific characteristics. The majority of studies looked at the consequences of late motherhood rather than the aetiology. According to the findings of the studies, more educated mothers are more aware of health and healthy living habits, which are then passed on to their children. A child who spends their entire preschool and school period in an orderly, healthy environment is more likely to adopt a healthy lifestyle in the future. Despite the fact that delayed motherhood is physically disadvantageous, the psychosocial benefits of delayed motherhood can be argued.

Diplomsko delo obravnava novodobniško duhovnost v slovenskem kontekstu, in sicer na primeru organizacije Duhovni atelje Potovanje duše. Novodobniška duhovnost, ali s tujko new age, je sodoben religijski pojav eklektične in sinkretične narave, saj prevzema in spaja ideje in prakse iz različnih religijskih izročil, ki jih interpretira na specifičen novodobniški način, ki ga vodi holističen in kozmocentričen pogled na svet. Novodobništvo se je na Zahodu pojavilo v 60. letih prejšnjega stoletja, v Sloveniji pa približno dve desetletji kasneje, kot odgovor na družbene spremembe, ki jih je prinesla moderna doba, in se kmalu uveljavilo kot alternativa tradicionalnim religijam. Danes novodobništvo najdemo tudi v zdravstvu, gospodarstvu, šolstvu in politiki, kar priča o široki sprejetosti idej tega pojava. V diplomskem delu raziskujem ideje in delovanje slovenske organizacije Duhovni atelje Potovanje duše in s pomočjo opazovanja z udeležbo in polstrukturiranega intervjuja z ustanoviteljem organizacije poskušam dokazati, da je omenjena organizacija primer novodobniške duhovnosti. Rezultati raziskave kažejo, da organizacija Duhovni atelje Potovanje duše poseduje vrsto značilnosti, po katerih jo lahko štejemo v novodobništvo. The thesis deals with New Age spirituality in the Slovenian context, using the example of the organisation Duhovni atelje Potovanja duše (Spiritual Atelier of the Journey of the Soul). New age spirituality is an eclectic and syncretic contemporary religious phenomenon. It adopts and merges ideas and practices from different religious traditions interpreting them in a specific New Age way, guided by a holistic and cosmocentric worldview. The New Age movement emerged in the West in the 1960s and in Slovenia about two decades later as a response to the social changes brought about by the modern era. It soon established itself as an alternative to traditional religions. Today, New Age influences are also found in health care, business, education, and politics, which shows how widely its ideas were accepted. In this thesis, I explore the ideas and activities of the Slovenian organisation Duhovni atelje Potovanja duše. Through participant observation and a semi-structured interview with the organisation’s founder, I try to demonstrate that this organisation is an example of New Age spirituality. The research results suggest that the organisation possesses several characteristics that can be considered New Age.

Magistrsko delo predstavlja študijo in analizo razvoja in delovanja interesnih skupin iz Slovenije in Hrvaške na primeru lobiranja v evropski politiki. Po uvodni opredelitvi osnovnih pojmov v magistrskem delu analiziram in definiram interesne skupine ter lobije, načela uspešnega lobiranja, tarče in pristope lobiranja ter strategije lobiranja v posameznih institucijah Evropske unije. V nadaljevanju se osredotočim na regulacijo lobiranja in odnos do lobiranja, ki ima pogosto negativen prizvok. V empiričnem delu naloge naštejem in analiziram tipe interesnih skupin iz Slovenije in Hrvaške. Namen analize in primerjave interesnih skupin iz teh dveh držav članic Evropske unije je ugotoviti, ali je katera izmed njiju bolj oz. manj aktivna pri zastopanju svojih interesov v Evropski uniji in če, katere interese določena država zastopa bolj aktivno. Po pregledu, analizi interesnih skupin in opravljenem družboslovnem intervjuju z dr. Borisom Cizljem ugotovim, da interesne skupine iz Slovenije in Hrvaške delujejo podobno ter da se interesne skupine iz obeh držav trudijo za uveljavitev podobnih interesov. V zaključku magistrskega dela strnem spoznanja in ugotovitve ter potrdim tezo in hipotezo. Master's Thesis presents a study and analysis of the development and operation of interest groups from Slovenia and Croatia in European Union policymaking. After the introductory definition of the basic concepts in the master's thesis, I analyzed and defined interest groups and lobbies, the principles of successful lobbying, targets, and approaches to lobbying as well as lobbying strategies in individual European Union institutions. In the next chapters of my master's thesis, I focused on the regulation of lobbying and the perception of the concept of “lobbying” since it often has negative connotation. In the empirical part of the thesis, I listed and analyzed the types of interest groups from Slovenia and Croatia. The purpose of analysis and comparison of interest groups from these two European Union countries was to determine whether one country is more active in representing their interests in the European Union and, if so, which interests a particular country represents more actively. After the review and analysis of interest groups, and conducted interview with dr. Boris Cizelj, I concluded that interest groups from Slovenia and Croatia are acting similarly, and that interest groups from both countries are trying to promote similar interests. At the end of the master's thesis, I summarized the findings and cognitions, as well as confirmed my thesis and hypothesis.

Introduction Phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an established Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker. Novel immunoassays targeting N‐terminal and mid‐region p‐tau181 and p‐tau217 fragments are available, but head‐to‐head comparison in clinical settings is lacking. Methods N‐terminal‐directed p‐tau217 (N‐p‐tau217), N‐terminal‐directed p‐tau181 (N‐p‐tau181), and standard mid‐region p‐tau181 (Mid‐p‐tau181) biomarkers in CSF were evaluated in three cohorts (n = 503) to assess diagnostic performance, concordance, and associations with amyloid beta (Aβ). Results CSF N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 had better concordance (88.2%) than either with Mid‐p‐tau181 (79.7%–82.7%). N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 were significantly increased in early mild cognitive impairment (MCI)‐AD (A+T–N–) without changes in Mid‐p‐tau181 until AD‐dementia. N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 identified Aβ pathophysiology (area under the curve [AUC] = 94.8%–97.1%) and distinguished MCI‐AD from non‐AD MCI (AUC = 82.6%–90.5%) signficantly better than Mid‐p‐tau181 (AUC = 91.2% and 70.6%, respectively). P‐tau biomarkers equally differentiated AD from non‐AD dementia (AUC = 99.1%–99.8%). Discussion N‐p‐tau217 and N‐p‐tau181 could improve diagnostic accuracy in prodromal‐AD and clinical trial recruitment as both identify Aβ pathophysiology and differentiate early MCI‐AD better than Mid‐p‐tau181.

To estimate the incidence and describe the spectrum of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccination in children from two neighbouring south central European countries.We performed a multi-centre prospective cohort study of children under 18 years diagnosed with inflammatory/autoimmune diseases linked to SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 vaccination, who were admitted to the paediatric tertiary care hospitals in Slovenia and Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy, from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021. Disease incidence was calculated based on laboratory-confirmed cases only.Inflammatory and autoimmune diseases linked to SARS-CoV-2 were diagnosed in 192 children (127 laboratory-confirmed), of whom 112 had multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), followed by vasculitis, neurological and cardiac diseases. Calculated risk of MIS-C was 1 in 860 children after SARS-CoV-2 infection and cumulative incidence of MIS-C was 18.3/100,000 of all children. Fifteen children had severe COVID-19. Two patients with MIS-C and a patient with myositis presented after COVID-19 vaccination. All 3 had at presentation also a serologically proven recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. After MIS-C, nine patients were vaccinated against COVID-19 and 25 patients had a SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, without recurrence of MIS-C.Autoimmune diseases following SARS-CoV-2 infection in children were 8.5 times as common as severe COVID-19. MIS-C was the most common manifestation and its incidence in this predominantly white population was higher than previously reported. MIS-C does not seem to recur after SARS-CoV-2 reinfection or COVID-19 vaccination. Autoimmune diseases were much more common after SARS-CoV-2 infection than after COVID-19 vaccination.

Automatic ear recognition systems have seen increased interest over recent years due to multiple desirable characteristics. Ear images used in such systems can typically be extracted from profile head shots or video footage. The acquisition procedure is contactless and non-intrusive, and it also does not depend on the cooperation of the subjects. In this regard, ear recognition technology shares similarities with other image-based biometric modalities. Another appealing property of ear biometrics is its distinctiveness. Recent studies even empirically validated existing conjectures that certain features of the ear are distinct for identical twins. This fact has significant implications for security-related applications and puts ear images on a par with epigenetic biometric modalities, such as the iris. Ear images can also supplement other biometric modalities in automatic recognition systems and provide identity cues when other information is unreliable or even unavailable. In surveillance applications, for example, where face recognition technology may struggle with profile faces, the ear can serve as a source of information of the identity of people in the surveillance footage. The importance and potential value of ear recognition technology for multi-modal biometric systems are also evidenced by the number of research studies on this topic. Today, ear recognition represents an active research area for which new techniques are developed regularly, and several datasets needed for the training and testing of the technology are publicly available. Nevertheless, despite the research efforts directed at ear biometrics, to the best of our knowledge, there exist only a few commercial systems based on ear biometrics. We conjecture that the limited availability of commercial ear recognition technology is a consequence of the open challenges that have still not been appropriately addressed. This thesis attempts to meet some of these challenges and provide the community with new solutions and insights that can be used to advance the field further. Most of the early research work on ear biometrics focused on laboratorylike settings, where the variability in ear appearance was limited. Usually, there were no major variations in pose, occlusion, etc. However, in real-life applications, this is not the case. Development and research hit a wall by using images captured in constrained environments. Methods developed for these settings were difficult to translate into real-world scenarios and would typically perform poorly. In unconstrained acquisition environments, ear recognition techniques are confronted with large pose variations, illumination changes, etc. We surmise that this significant difference in the data is the main culprit for performance differences and the stagnation of the field. Furthermore, the lack of commercial solutions could also be attributed to the lack of unconstrained ear data available. This issue pervades recognition and detection tasks, meaning that annotated datasets of ear images are needed, together with images with annotated ear positions for ear detection tasks. Existing ear recognition solutions do not suffice and under-perform in unconstrained settings. More powerful solutions are needed to address ear detection and recognition in these environments successfully. Another key issue to be addressed is identifying the most important weaknesses of existing ear recognition techniques. This can be done through a performance analysis taking into account various covariates that can help answer the following research questions: How do ear recognition techniques perform across different image resolutions in unconstrained settings? How sensitive are existing techniques to the presence of occlusions and ear accessories? Do existing recognition approaches exhibit a performance bias when presented with images of either male or female subjects? How do recognition techniques generalize to ear image data with different characteristics? Answering these questions may help identify open problems with existing ear recognition approaches and help focus research efforts and resources in the right direction. To address the research problems discussed above, we make several contributions in this thesis, i.e., 1. We present novel techniques for ear detection that work in unconstrained environments and consider contextual information for the detection procedure. The techniques frame ear detection as a semantic segmentation task and are shown to yield state-of-the-art performance on public ear datasets. 2. We develop novel recognition approaches that consider local and global information and ensure robust recognition in unconstrained environments. The developed approaches are also shown to enable explainable decision-making by focusing only on the most important ear regions. 3. We introduce new ear datasets captured in unconstrained environments to train and test the developed detection and recognition techniques. While we make contributions targeting ear recognition systems specifically, many of the solutions presented are also applicable to other biometric modalities and therefore have implications for other areas of biometrics as well. Sistemi za samodejno razpoznavanje uhljev so v zadnjih letih vse bolj priljubljeni, saj v primerjavi z drugimi rešitvami k biometričnemu razpoznavanju oseb izkazujejo vrsto privlačnih lastnosti. Slike uhljev, ki se uporabljajo v sistemih za samodejno razpoznavanje uhljev, je običajno mogoče pridobiti na enostaven način iz profilnih slik ali video posnetkov oseb. Postopki pridobivanja slikovnih podatkov so brezstični in nevsiljivi, in hkrati ne zahtevajo eksplicitnega sodelovanje oseb pri postopku zajema. V teh pogledih je tehnologija za prepoznavanje uhljev podobna drugimi načinom biometričnega razpoznavanja ki temeljijo, npr. na slikah obrazov ali načinu hoje. Druga privlačna lastnost biometrije uhljev je visoka sposobnost razlikovanja. Nedavne študije so empirično potrdile, da se nekatere značilnosti ušesa razlikujejo celo pri enojajčnih dvojčkih. To dejstvo ima pomembne posledice za aplikacije, povezane z varnostjo, saj omogoča izredno učinkovito razpoznavanje oseb na podlagi slik uhljev, ki se lahko kosa z drugimi (epigenetičnimi) biometričnimi modalnostmi, kot je na primer šarenica. Slike uhljev lahko služijo tudi kot dodatek drugim biometričnim modalnostim v več modalnih sistemih, kadar so drugi viri informacij nezanesljivi ali celo nerazpoložljivi. Kot primer navedimo nadzorne aplikacije, kjer je tehnologija za prepoznavanje obrazov zaradi delne prekritosti obraza ali kota zajema slike pogosto nezanesljiva. V takšnih aplikacijah lahko uhlji služijo kot dodatni vir informacij o identiteti ljudi na nadzornih posnetkih. O pomembnosti in potencialni vrednosti tehnologije prepoznavanja uhljev za več-modalne biometrične sisteme priča tudi število raziskovalnih študij na to temo. Danes prepoznavanje uhljev predstavlja aktivno raziskovalno področje, za katerega je na voljo več javno dostopnih zbirk podatkov. Kljub raziskovalnim prizadevanjem, usmerjenim v biometrijo uhljev, pa obstaja le malo komercialnih sistemov, ki temeljijo na biometriji ušes. Domnevamo, da je omejena razpoložljivost komercialne tehnologije za prepoznavanje uhljev posledica odprtih problemov, ki do danes še vedno niso ustrezno rešeni. V doktorski disertaciji naslovimo nekaj teh problemov in izzivov ter predlagamo izvirne postopke, s katerimi zagotovimo učinkovito detekcijo in razpoznavanje uhljev v realnih okoljih. Večina zgodnjih raziskovalnih del na področju biometrije uhljev je bila osredotočena na laboratorijsko okolje, kjer je bila variabilnost videza uhljev omejena. V slikovnih podatkih tako ni bilo večjih razlik v zornem kotu zajema, svetlobnih razmerah, prekrivanju uhljev itd. Metode, razvite za takšna okolja, je težko aplicirati v realnih okoljih, saj se postopki za razpoznavanje uhljev tam soočajo z velikimi spremembami v izgledu ušes zaradi spremenljivih osvetlitev, orientacij glave, prisotnosti okluzij, in drugih podobnih dejavnikov. Ta razlika v karakteristikah slikovnih podatkih je eden od glavnih vzrokov za manjšo učinkovitost obstoječih rešitev v nenadzorovanih okoljih. Manjšo učinkovitost obstoječih rešitev lahko pripišemo tudi pomanjkanju razpoložljivih zbirk uhljev, zajetih v nenadzorovanih okoljih, ki so potrebne za izgradnjo postopkov za detekcijo uhljev kot tudi za razvoj postopkov razpoznavanja. Poleg naprednejših rešitev za detekcijo in razpoznavanje uhljev, ki učinkovito delujejo tudi v nenadzorovanih okoljih, je eden od ključnih problemov na tem področju tudi razumevanje najpomembnejših slabosti obstoječih rešitev. Ključna raziskovalna vprašanja, ki zahtevajo podrobno analizo so: Kako postopki za razpoznavanje uhljev delujejo pri različnih ločljivostih slik v nenadzorovanih okoljih? Kako občutljive so obstoječi postopki na prisotnost okluzij in različnih dodatkov v uhljih, kot so npr. uhani in slušalke? Ali obstoječi pristopi k prepoznavanju kažejo pristranskost, če so predstavljeni s podobami moških ali žensk? Kako postopki prepoznavanja posplošujejo na slikovne podatke z različnimi lastnostmi? Odgovori na ta vprašanja lahko pripomorejo k prepoznavanju ključnih odprtih težav z obstoječimi pristopi prepoznave uhljev in usmerjanju raziskovalnih aktivnosti v pravo smer. V doktorskem delu predlagamo več izvirnih prispevkov, ki naslavljajo zgornje probleme in raziskovalna vprašanja in jih lahko povzamemo v naslednjih treh skupinah: 1. Predstavljamo nove postopke za detkecijo uhljev, ki delujejo v nenadzorovanih okoljih in v postopku detekcije upoštevajo tudi slikovni kontekst. 2. Predlagamo nov model za razpoznavanje uhljev, ki upošteva tako lokalno, kot tudi globalno informacijo o izgledu uhljev. 3. Predstavimo novo zbirko slik uhljev, zajeto v nenadzorovanih razmerah. Čeprav so prispevki namenjeni predvsem sistemom za razpoznavanje uhljev, so številne predstavljene rešitve uporabne tudi za druge biometrične modalnosti.

U Srednjoj ugostiteljsko-turističkoj školi Maribor udružili smo snage u sklopu seminara za nastavnike – promotore škole i došli do zanimljivih ideja kako našu školu učiniti još prepoznatljivijom, zanimljivijom i privlačnijom javnosti. U ovom članku predstavljam pet proizvoda za promociju škole. Svi predmeti izrađeni su u prirodnoj veličini od pristupačnih ili reciklirajućih materijala koji se mogu zamijeniti kvalitetnijim materijalima.

Nastava književnosti u suvremenoj srednjoj školi puno je više od stavljanja teksta u kontekst teorije književnosti i povijesti. Školska interpretacija umjetničkih tekstova također je susret mladog čovjeka sa samim sobom i prilika za upoznavanje svijeta u kojem živi. Čitajući odabrane starije, a posebno suvremene tekstove, učenici se susreću s teškim situacijama i nedaćama književnih likova, koje i sami osjećaju, ali ih često niti ne prepoznaju niti razumiju. Učitelj može proširiti značenje školskog čitanja književnih tekstova u razgovoru s učenicima, u kojem otkriva različite poglede mladih na problematiku, temu, motiv. Na taj način jačamo samosvijest učenika i potičemo ih na rješavanje vlastite nelagode u kojoj bi se mogli naći. U ovom radu predstavljamo školsku interpretaciju kratke priče, u kojoj razvijamo osjetljivost mladih da prepoznaju svoje ili tuđe (emocionalne i fizičke) teškoće i traže pomoć koja bi ublažila ili otklonila probleme.

Aim To determine the influence of high-efficacy disease modifying therapy (DMT) on the development of IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibody response in COVID-19 convalescent people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). Methods Seventy-four pwMS taking high-efficacy DMTs (specifically natalizumab, fingolimod, alemtuzumab, ocrelizumab, cladribine and ublituximab) and diagnosed with COVID-19 and 44 healthy persons (HC) were enrolled. SARS-CoV2 antibodies were tested with Elecsys® Anti-SARSCoV-2 S assay. Results pwMS taking high-efficacy DMTs had a significantly higher chance of having negative titer of SARS-CoV2 antibodies compared to healthy controls (33 negative pwMS [44.6%] compared to one negative HC [2.3%], p, Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image

Malignant pilomatrixoma is a rare malignancy with just 136 cases reported in the English literature. The tumour is described as locally aggressive, with possibility of reoccurrence and distal metastasis. Histology remains the gold standard in diagnostic. Wide surgical excision is preferred to simple excision. In the present study a case of first malignant pilomatrixoma in our hospital is described. We made an excision of the tumour and the tissue was sent on histopathology. The skin defect was covered with a local ulnar flap. Through our case report and literature review we focus on the most suitable treatment option. The tumour was not excised with appropriate safety surgical margin based on the histopathology report. Patient refused another excision and any additional treatments. The most optimal treatment has not yet been established. Most of the article’s state that primary wide surgical excision should be done, with surgical margins still being debateable. The best results were given when using Mohs micrographic surgery.

Numerous proteins target lipid droplets (LDs) through amphipathic helices (AHs). It is generally assumed that AHs insert bulky hydrophobic residues in packing defects at the LD surface. However, this model does not explain the targeting of perilipins, the most abundant and specific amphipathic proteins of LDs, which are weakly hydrophobic. A striking example is Plin4, whose gigantic and repetitive AH lacks bulky hydrophobic residues. Using a range of complementary approaches, we show that Plin4 forms a remarkably immobile and stable protein layer at the surface of cellular or in vitro generated oil droplets, and decreases LD size. Plin4 AH stability on LDs is exquisitely sensitive to the nature and distribution of its polar residues. These results suggest that Plin4 forms stable arrangements of adjacent AHs via polar/electrostatic interactions, reminiscent of the organization of apolipoproteins in lipoprotein particles, thus pointing to a general mechanism of AH stabilization via lateral interactions.