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In the present work, the investigation of the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of polycrystalline samples of (1-x)BaTiO 3 – xEuTiO 3 (BT-ET) solid solution materials prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method has been carried out. X-ray diffraction analyses have revealed the formation of a single-phase tetragonal structure with the P 4 mm space group. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the dielectric constants marked the presence of the following sequence of structural phase transitions, namely from rhombohedral to orthorhombic, from orthorhombic to tetragonal and from tetragonal to cubic phase transitions with the increase of temperature. A diffuse phase transition has been observed from the dielectric permittivity peak and has been analyzed using the modified Curie-Weiss law and the degree of diffuseness is found to be in the range of 1.16–1.76 due to the existence of different states of polarization. A phase diagram has been established based on the temperature-dependent dielectric permittivity studies. The room temperature ferroelectric properties point to a coercive field larger than that of BaTiO 3 ceramics. Broad dielectric peaks associated with diffuse phase transition appear in a wide temperature range (40–100 °C) with the highest dielectric permittivity ε' = 6498 found in the x = 0.05 ceramics. Moreover, an improved energy storage performance is obtained in the 0.95BaTiO 3 -0.05EuTiO 3 ceramic with a recoverable energy density of W rec = 0.797 J/cm3, coupled with an efficiency η = 73 % at 170 kV/cm and the highest storage energy density of W st = 1.571 J/cm3 is obtained for 0.90BaTiO 3 -0.10EuTiO 3 , which is superior to other lead-free BT-based ceramics. All these features demonstrate that the BT-ET ceramics can be widely used in energy storage applications and also in high-temperature multilayer capacitors for automotive, aerospace and related industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environment-friendly piezoelectric micro/nanogenerators have attracted tremendous attention due to the increasing demand for portable self-power devices. Here, the [(0.94−x)Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 –0.06BaTiO 3 –xK 0.5 Na 0.5 NbO 3 ; BNT-BT-xKNN] lead-free ceramic, at x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08 and 0.10 mol%, was prepared via the solid-state method. The doping concentration x = 0.02 mol% shows the highest dielectric properties and the lowest dielectric loss. The active layer of the hybrid device is made by mixing BNT-BT-2KNN into the PDMS to form a series of polymer-ceramic composite films ranging from 7 to 19 wt% of BNT-BT-2KNN. The electrical response of the composite film is systematically studied with the addition of different weight percentages of the particles to the PDMS matrix. It was found that incorporating BNT-BT-2KNN at 11 wt% into the PDMS matrix exhibited the optimum harvesting performance, resulting in an output voltage and current density of about 30 V and 0.28 μA/cm2, respectively. The hybridized PENG and TENG devices could operate in a long-term cyclic mode, charge the capacitor for energy storage, and also light up LEDs. This research proposed a simple device fabrication and provided a guideline for the development of high-performance microgenerators, which is crucial for device development and practical use in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroelectric ceramic capacitors have potential advantages in energy storage performance, such as high energy storage density and fast discharge speed, making them widely applicable in different energy storage devices. During heat treatment, ferroelectric ceramics undergo an evolution of grain growth leading to changes in dielectric properties. Optimizing the energy storage properties of ferroelectric ceramics during heat treatment is a crucial issue. In this work, a phase field modeling for dielectric breakdown coupled with a grain growth model is developed to give a fundamental understanding of the effect of grain growth on dielectric breakdown. In addition, this work proposes a breakdown detection method to shorten the computational time of the model. The results indicate the existence of a local maximum of the breakdown field strength during grain growth, leading to a local maximum of the energy storage density. It is found that the dielectric breakdown strength and the pattern of the final breakdown path are significantly influenced by the grain size and distribution. The model is also applicable to various dielectrics and provides guidance for the design of high-energy storage dielectrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the influence of La3+ substitution on the phase structure, microstructure, electrical and energy storage properties of (Sr 0.3 Bi 0.35 Na 0.335 Li 0.015) 1-x La x TiO 3 (SBNLT-xLa) ceramics with x = 0–0.05, using the solid-state combustion technique, was investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns indicated a pure perovskite structure formed, along with coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases in all ceramics. The Rietveld refinement analysis showed the tetragonal phase increased while the rhombohedral phase decreased with increased La3+ content. The morphology of the SBNLT-xLa ceramics displayed polygonal grain shapes and anisotropic grain growth. Average grain sizes increased from 2.01 to 2.43 μm as x increased from 0 to 0.01 and afterwards decreased as x increased further. Both the measured density and maximum dielectric constant (ɛ m) decreased from 5.48 to 5.29 g/cm3 and from 4667 to 2313, respectively, when x increased from 0 to 0.05. A decrease in the dielectric properties caused by the phase ratio shifting away from a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) condition, poor microstructure and low density was produced with La3+ replacement. The maximum polarization (P max), remnant polarization (P r) and coercive field (E c) decreased with increased La3+ content. A decline in P r and E c improved the energy storage efficiency (ƞ) and energy storage loss (W loss), resulting in enhanced energy storage properties. At x = 0.02, the ceramic showed good energy storage properties (W total of 0.781 J/cm3, W rec of 0.624 J/cm3, W loss of 0.157 J/cm3 and ƞ of 79.8%), measured at 60 kV/cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of lead-free dielectric capacitors with high recoverable energy storage density and high energy storage efficiency is important for improving the overall performance of electronic and power systems. BaTiO 3 (BTO) is one of the most common ferroelectric materials and has attracted much attention for energy storage applications in the past decades due to its excellent dielectric and ferroelectric properties. However, high remnant polarization and low electrical breakdown strength of BTO limit its development in energy storage applications. Many efforts (e.g., elements doping, interface/heterostructure, etc.) have been made to improve the energy storage density of BTO thin films. In this paper, Ba 1-x Ni x TiO 3 thin films (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08; abbreviated as BN x T) were synthesized via sol-gel and spin-coated method. The effect of Ni doping on the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of BTO thin films has been studied. The results confirmed that with the increase of Ni doping, a second phase arises and the dielectric constant decreases. While appropriate Ni doping led to the improvement of the breakdown strength, further increase of Ni deteriorated the energy storage because of the high oxygen vacancy. Finally, optimized energy storage performance was obtained for BN 0.04 T thin film: dielectric constant of 401, dielectric loss of 0.002, recoverable energy density of 20.2 J/cm3 and energy storage efficiency of 83.6% at 965 kV/cm. Meanwhile, the remnant and maximum polarization of the films were 0.06 μC/cm2 and 50 μC/cm2, respectively. BN 0.04 T thin film has an excellent application prospect and is expected to appear as a component in the future composite energy storage film system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of society, the energy demand is also increasing, and the consumption of fossil fuels is becoming more and more serious. Dielectric capacitors are widely used in electronic devices due to their advantages of fast charging and discharging speed and high power density. In this work, 2D-Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (2D-NBT) filler and polyimide (PI) polymer matrix were compounded to prepare 2D-NBT/PI composites, and the energy storage performance of the composites was improved by surface modification of the filler and the design of 'sandwich' structure. The prepared samples were analyzed by XRD, SEM and dielectric properties. For 2D-NBT/PI single-layer composites, when the volume fraction of NBT powder is 0.25 vol.%, the energy storage density of the composites reaches 11.11 J/cm3 under the electric field of 400 kV/mm. For the 'sandwich' structure 2D-NBT/PI composites, when the system of 2D-NBT/PI composites is 0.25-0-0.25, the energy storage density of the composites reaches 12.44 J/cm3 under the electric field of 440 kV/mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free ferroelectric ceramics with a composition of 0.7(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) 0.7 Sr 0.3 Ti (1- x) O 3 -0.3Ba 0.94 La 0.04 (Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3) x O 3 (abbreviated as 0.7BNST (1- x) -0.3BL(MN) x , 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.12) were prepared using solid-phase sintering method, involving co-substituting at A and B sites. High recoverable energy density (W rec) of 3.54 J/cm3 and energy efficiency (η) 85.49% are achieved at an electric field of 270 kV/cm. Furthermore, these ceramics exhibited excellent temperature and cycle stability at 120 kV/cm (within 25 °C–150 °C, W rec fluctuation range <14 %; under 1∼106 cycles, the W rec fluctuation range <5 %). In terms of dielectric performance, they exhibited a high dielectric constant (ε r ∼4540), an extremely low dielectric loss tanδ of <0.04 (30 °C–300 °C), and good temperature stability with Δ ε / ε 150 °C ≤ ±15 % (−19.5 °C–233.4 °C). During the charging and discharging process, these ceramics demonstrated a high energy density (W d) of 1.2 J/cm3, a power density (P D) of 61.7 MW/cm3, and an extremely short discharge time (t 0.9) of approximately ∼0.11 μs. This study has improved the dielectric energy storage performance of BNT-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, making them suitable for use in pulse power devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of fault-tolerant structures against the breakdown of heterogeneous ferroelectric films is essential to enhance the breakdown strength. Based on the self-repairing theory, heterogeneous ferroelectric PbZr 0.52 Ti 0.48 O 3 (PZT) film capacitors with a fault-tolerant structures against breakdown were synthesized by utilizing dielectric/electrolytic dual characteristics of the amorphous aluminum oxide film (AmAO). The PZT/AmAO composite films with Au top electrodes exhibited significant weak breakdown at low voltages, whereas the breakdown in the composite films with Al top electrodes have been repaired and no longer occurred. Compared to PZT(100 nm)/AmAO(120 nm) composite films with Au top electrodes, breakdown strength of PZT(100 nm)/AmAO(120 nm) composite films with Al top electrodes improves from 278 MV/m to 477 MV/m, energy storage density increased from 14.3 J/cm3 to 22.5 J/cm3, since the heterogeneous interface and structural defects have been repaired by adaptive anodizing of Al electrode under high electric field. Cross-sectional SEM images have confirmed the formation of fresh aluminium oxide films (AAO) at the interfaces of AmAO/Al and PZT/AmAO during the application of an electric field. Defects have been effectively repaired, resulting in an increase in breakdown strength. This study establishes a theoretical and technical foundation for the design of fault-tolerant structures against breakdown in heterogeneous ferroelectric films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High entropy oxides with interesting physical properties can be obtained by the design of A-site cations. Herein, a series of medium entropy and high entropy perovskite ceramics (Ba 0.25 Sr 0.25 Ca 0.25 Bi 0.25)TiO 3 , (Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Ca 0.2 Bi 0.2 La 0.2)TiO 3 , (Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Ca 0.2 Bi 0.2 Na 0.2)TiO 3 and (Ba 0.2 Sr 0.2 Ca 0.2 La 0.2 Na 0.2)TiO 3 were synthesized by the solid-state method, which selected various valence elements to achieve a single-phase structure and increase the lattice distortion. The microstructure indicated that the high-entropy ceramics exhibited the same macroscopic single perovskite while the local configuration is different. Mesoscopic results show that high entropy can adjust the polarization and relaxation of ferroelectrics, so as to optimize the energy storage performance. Meanwhile, the results manifest that grain boundaries, oxygen defects and relaxation can be changed by entropy configuration. Our work proves that the properties of high entropy ferroelectric materials can be regulated by different valence states of the elements in high entropy and explores the relevant mechanism, which provides a possible opportunity for the design and application of high-entropy dielectric materials with excellent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study BNBCTS ceramics were co-doped with Fe and Sb to form (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) 0.93 (Ba 0.945 Ca 0.055) 0.07 (Ti (0.9946-x) Sn 0.0054)(Fe 0.5 Sb 0.5) x O 3 ceramics (denoted as BNBCTS-xFS) with various x content and were prepared via the solid-state combustion technique to enhance the electrical and energy storage performance. The effect of co-doping Fe and Sb on the phase formation, defect dipole, microstructure, electrical and energy storage properties of BNBCTS-xFS ceramics was studied. When x content increased from 0.0 to 0.030, the amount of the rhombohedral (R) phase decreased from 51 to 24 % while the tetragonal (T) phase increased from 49 to 76 %. The increased Fe and Sb content increased the defect dipole of singly/doubly charged oxygen-vacancies (V O ∙ / V O ∙ ∙ ) and caused more Ti4+ to transition to Ti3+, which caused the transition temperature of the ferroelectric phase to relaxor state (T F-R) in the ceramics to drop to below room temperature and it exhibited relaxor characteristics at room temperature. The ceramic with an x content of 0.010 had the largest grain size (3.06 μm), excellence ferroelectric properties (P r ∼31.04 μC/cm2, P m ∼38.98 μC/cm2 and E c ∼18.28 kV/cm), the largest electro strain (∼0.175 %) and a large d 33 * of 350 pm/V. Moreover, when x = 0.020, the ergodic relaxor ceramic showed the smallest grain size (1.03 μm), the lowest remanant polarization (P r) of 4.52 μC/cm2 and the lowest coercive field (E c) of 8.37 kV/cm, at an electric field of 60 kV/cm. More importantly, energy storage properties at the electric breakdown strength (E b = 120 kV/cm) of the ceramics with an x content of 0.020 exhibited a recoverable energy storage density (W rec) of 1.81 J/cm3, a total energy storage density (W total) of 2.95 J/cm3 and an efficiency (η) of 61.30%, with excellent thermal (∼25–150 °C) and frequency stability (∼1–100 Hz). This study provides new insights into the modulation of BNBCTS ceramics with Fe and Sb co-doping, which could effectively improve the electrical properties and energy storage properties of BNBCTS-xFS ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PbZrO 3 (PZO) possesses a unique antiferroelectric-ferroelectric (AFE-FE) phase transition under an external electric field and engages more attention in understanding and regulating the phase transition behavior. In this work, changing annealing temperature (600–750 °C) and ultralow content (5‰) ions doping are used to optimize the phase transition of PZO films via grain size engineering. As annealing temperature increases, the maximum polarization P max increases but forward/backward switching fields E F / E A reduce accompanied by the average grain size enhances from 622 to 686 nm. Following, 5‰ mol aliovalent ion La3+ or K+ doped PZO-650 films both enhance P max and E F / E A indicating the strengthened antiferroelectricity, and meanwhile the grain size enhances to ∼800 nm. A high discharge density of 31 J/cm3 is achieved for 5‰ mol La-doped PZO films at a low electric field of 1 MV/cm, which is ∼100 % higher than those of pure PZO films at different annealing temperatures. This work compares the phase transition characteristics changes in PZO films by changing annealing temperature and ultra-low content ion doping strategy, which would provide new thinking in grain size-engineered antiferroelectric materials for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of achieving carbon neutrality, dielectric capacitors have garnered significant attention due to their inherent advantages, including rapid charge and discharge capabilities, high power density, and extended service life. Nevertheless, contemporary lead-free dielectric capacitors encounter challenges such as insufficient energy storage density, suboptimal energy storage efficiency, and inadequate temperature stability. To address these issues, we have chosen the lead-free (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) 0.65 Sr 0.35 TiO 3 ceramic as the foundational system. Through the addition of Bi(Zn 0.5 Sn 0.5)O 3 for doping modification, this study focuses on optimizing the energy storage characteristics. The results demonstrate an achieved energy storage density of 4.34 J/cm3 and an energy storage efficiency of 84.1% at 358 kV/cm. These findings offer valuable insights for the advancement of lead-free ceramics in the realm of dielectric energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiFeO 3 (BF) based ceramics are inspiring great interest in advanced pulsed power applications owing to their giant spontaneous polarization, meanwhile limited by the significant leakage current. In this work, Sr 0.7 Bi 0.2 TiO 3 (SBT) modified 0.7BiFeO 3 -0.3BaTiO 3 (BF-BT) ternary lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics are investigated to elaborate the dielectric performances, including the impedance, relaxor behavior, ferroelectric and energy storage, and strain properties. The substitution of SBT induces a phase transition from an R 3 c to an average pseudo-cubic structure and forms a secondary phase at high dopants. Simultaneously, the resistivity, electrically homogeneous, and band gaps are increased significantly, related to the inhibition of oxygen vacancy formation. Besides, the ferroelectric long-range order is disrupted, which promotes the formation of local defect fields and polar nanoregions. The structural heterogeneity for the higher doped components leads to an increased relaxation behavior with an almost hysteresis-free polarization response to external electric fields. Excellent temperature-insensitive dielectric response and promising dielectric energy storage properties in low electric fields are achieved, respectively. These results indicate that the SBT modification is an effective route in regulating the dielectric performance of bismuth ferrite based relaxors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free relaxor ferroelectric energy-storage ceramics based on Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 (BNT) systems are renowned for their exceptional properties, including a high P max (>40 μC/cm2) and Curie temperature (T c ∼ 320 °C). In the pursuit of further enhancing their energy storage characteristics, we have developed a novel series of ceramics, namely (1- x)(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5) 0.7 Sr 0.3 TiO 3 - x Ba 0.94 La 0.04 Zr 0.02 Ti 0.98 O 3 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4), abbreviated as (1- x)BNST- x BLZT, and assessed its structural and performance attributes. With the introduction of Ba 0.94 La 0.04 Zr 0.02 Ti 0.98 O 3 (BLZT), these ceramics retain their characteristic phase structure where tetragonal (T) and rhombohedral (R) phases coexist, effectively disrupting long-range ordered domains and augmenting their energy storage capabilities. Notably, we achieved a remarkable recoverable energy storage density (W rec) of 3.41 J/cm3 and an extraordinarily high energy storage efficiency (ƞ) of 87.33 % in ceramics with x = 0.3 under an electric field of 260 kV/cm. Furthermore, these ceramics exhibit excellent temperature stability (−2 °C ∼ 228 °C), robust cycle stability (106 cycles), a substantial discharge energy density (W d ∼ 0.93 J/cm3), impressive power density (P D ∼ 39.3 MW/cm3), and rapid transient discharge times (t 0.9 ∼ 0.14 μs). In summary, the 0.7BNST-0.3BLZT ceramic demonstrates high power density, rapid charge and discharge rates, and excellent temperature and cyclic stability, positioning it as a promising material for pulse power systems and harsh environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dielectric and energy storage properties of (1- x)(0.7(Bi 0.5 Na 0.5)TiO 3 -0.3(Sr 0.7 Bi 0.2)TiO 3)- x Bi(Mg 0.5 Zr 0.5)O 3 (BNT-SBT- x BMZ) ceramics are systematically investigated, and further modified by using the strategy of doping two kinds of sintering aids, LiF and B 2 O 3 –Bi 2 O 3. The results show that all ceramics exhibit a typical perovskite structure. The doping of sintering aids reduces the sintering temperature effectively to below 1000 °C and obtains the dense microstructure. Meanwhile, the ferroelectric long-range order can be disrupted that facilitates the polarization in nano-regions at high temperatures induced by LiF dopants, which enhance the relaxor behavior and form a dielectric platform together with low dielectric loss in a wide temperature range. In addition, extremely slender polarization-electric field (P - E) hysteresis loops are gained by doping LiF in BNT-SBT- x BMZ ceramics associated with an almost non-polar phase that exhibits linear response. In comparison, little change in shape of P - E loops is observed when adding B 2 O 3 –Bi 2 O 3. As a result, outstanding energy storage performances are achieved in sintering-aids modified ceramics under the relatively low electric fields of 180 kV/cm −210 kV/cm. This work provides the optimized energy storage properties and dielectric stability of BNT-based ceramics at reduced sintering temperatures, and pave the way for the cofiring with base metal electrodes in multilayer ceramic capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

dielectric capacitors are highly desired in advanced high-power electrical systems owing to their fast charge-discharge capabilities, such as electromagnetic devices, high-power microwaves, and hybrid electric vehicles. While the performance of dielectric capacitors is mainly dominated by dielectric materials. (Na 0.5 Bi 0.5)TiO 3 -(Sr 0.7 Bi 0.2)TiO 3 (NBT-SBT) as well-known dielectric ceramics attracted much attention and are widely studied owing to their combining antiferroelectric and relaxor features which achieve high energy density and efficiency. However, few studies report the compositional modification of B-site in NBT-SBT dielectric ceramics. Here, we prepared a series of MgNb 2 O 6 doped NBT-SBT ceramics at B-Sites of the perovskite structure. Their phase structure, microstructure morphology structure, elemental distribution, dielectric and energy storage properties are systemically investigated. The resultant characterization showing minor doping MN into NBT-SBT ceramic decreases the polarization hysteresis generating an outstanding energy storage property. In addition, their energy-density variation of less than 10 % over a wide temperature range of −50 to 150°. The present research offers a route for designing dielectric ceramics with enhanced energy storage performance. • Synthesized pure phase NBT-SBT ceramics with varying MgNb 2 O 6. • Small additions of MgNb 2 O 6 reduced polarization hysteresis while boosting energy storage potential. • Achieved a 1.5 J cm⁻1 energy storage density with stable efficiency (83–95 %) and less than 10 % fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • An assisted liquid-phase plasma electrolysis is applied for synthesis of composite. • The synergy of CNFs, NiCo 2 O 4 and NiCo-LDH improves the electrochemical properties. • The specific capacitance of electrode can reach 1534.7 F/g at 1 A/g. • The ASC device has an energy density of 33.8 Wh/kg at 400 W/kg. • Deposition dynamics of NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites is explored. Nickel cobaltate/NiCo-layered double hydroxides (NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH) as energy storage materials offer considerable potential for various applications. However, many of current methods for synthesizing NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH suffer from long synthesis times, complex preparation process, and high temperatures and high pressures. In this study, we present a green, simple, and efficient approach known as assisted liquid-phase plasma electrolysis, which realizes the rapid fabrication of ultra-fine NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticle-decorated electrospun carbon nanofibers (NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs) composites. Ultra-fine NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticles (<70 nm) are uniformly deposited on the CNF surface. The CNFs are intertwined to form a highly conductive three-dimensional mesh structure, which synergizes the NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH nanoparticles with a high specific capacitance in favor of ion/electron transport efficiency. In addition, the cooperative effect between the two phases of NiCo 2 O 4 and NiCo-LDH further improves the electrochemical properties. The NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites exhibit a high specific capacitance of 1534.7 F/g at 1 A/g and a capacitance retention of 93.9 % after 5000 cycles. An assembled asymmetric supercapacitor using activated carbon and NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs composites achieves an energy density of 33.8 Wh/kg at a power density of 400 W/kg and a capacitance retention of 93.0 % after 5000 cycles. Notably, two series-connected NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH/CNFs ASC supercapacitors can light up an LED bulb, which maintains a certain brightness even after 50 min. Hence, this work provides a new and efficient route for synthesizing carbon-based NiCo 2 O 4 /NiCo-LDH composites for use as advanced energy storage materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The development of efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts to overcome the intrinsic sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in zinc-air batteries is crucial. In this study, we introduce a strategy that integrates a template-assisted synthesis with subsequent thermal treatment to fabricate an active and stable cobalt-based nitrogen-doped carbon electrocatalyst, denoted as Co- N -CNT. The strategy adjusts the disordered architecture of the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) through the synergistic effect of bimetallic species, restricted the growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework nanoleaves (ZIF-L) using salt templates, and directed the transformation from a two-dimensional blade-like morphology to a three-dimensional multi-tiered composite structure. Notably, the Co- N -CNT-800 sample, synthesized at an optimized pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, exhibits a half-wave potential of 0.89 V and demonstrates stability with sustained cycling over 21 h, which is comparable to the performance of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. Moreover, when employed as the cathode in zinc-air batteries, Co- N -CNT-800 not only surpasses Pt/C in terms of power density but also exhibits long-term charge/discharge stability. This findings offer a viable pathway for the design of active and cost-effective ORR electrocatalysts, holding promise for applications in the electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N, P co-doped MXene has been successfully demonstrated to enhance the performance of lithium-oxygen batteries. The N and P co-doping can increase interlayer distance of MXene and elevate the d-band center of Ti, thereby effectively providing more active sites, strengthening the mass transfer, optimizing the adsorption of reaction intermediates, and accelerating the deposition/decomposition of Li 2 O 2 films. [Display omitted] • N, P co-doped MXene has been successfully demonstrated to enhance the performance of lithium-oxygen batteries. • The N and P co-doping can increase interlayer distance of MXene and elevate the d-band center of Ti. • N, P co-doped MXene can effectively provide more active sites, strengthen the mass transfer, optimize the adsorption of reaction intermediates, and accelerate the deposition/decomposition of Li 2 O 2. The design and fabrication of bifunctional catalysts with high electrocatalytic activity and stability are critical for developing highly reversible Li–O 2 batteries (LOBs). Herein, the N, P co-doped MXene (NP-MXene) is prepared by one-step annealing method and evaluated as bifunctional catalyst for LOBs. The results suggest that the P doping plays a crucial role in increasing interlayer distance of MXene, thereby effectively providing more active sites, fast mass transfer, and ample space for the deposition/decomposition of Li 2 O 2. Moreover, the N doping can significantly elevate the d-band center of Ti, thereby remarkably improving the adsorption of reaction intermediates and accelerating the deposition/decomposition of Li 2 O 2 films. Consequently, the MXene-based LOBs deliver an ultrahigh specific capacity of 13,995 mAh/g at 500 mA g−1, a discharge/charge voltage gap of 0.89 V, and a cycle life up to 523 cycles with a limited capacity of 1000 mAh/g at 500 mA g−1. Impressively, the as-fabricated flexible LOBs with NP-MXene cathode display excellent cycling stability and ability to continuously power LEDs even after bending. Our findings pave the road of heteroatom doped MXenes as next-generation electrodes for high-performance energy storage and conversion systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] The selection of highly efficient materials and the construction of advantageous structures are essential for realizing high-performance electrode materials. In this paper, electrode material Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH/CF with excellent morphology and high performance has been successfully designed and prepared by simple hydrothermal and calcination techniques. First, ZIF-67 is loaded on the outer layer of Cu 2 S rods to obtain core–shell structured Cu 2 S@ZIF-67 rods, whose ZIF-67 MOF shell is carbonized to obtain Cu 2 S@C rods. Then, NiMnCe-LDH are epitaxially loaded on the outer layer of Cu 2 S@C to obtain Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH rods. At a current density of 2 mA cm−2, Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH/CF exhibits an area capacitance of 5176.4 mF cm−2. The mass capacitance and the energy density of the Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH/CF//AC asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) reach 150.82F g−1 at a sweep rate of 0.8 A/g and 53.62 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 639.99 W kg−1, respectively. Meanwhile, after 8000 electrochemical cycles, the specific capacitance of Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH/CF//AC still has a retention rate of 86.32 %, which proves its excellent cycling stability. These results demonstrate a new strategy for the preparation of novel core–shell structured Cu 2 S/C@NiMnCe-LDH/CF nanocomposite material for electrode materials of energy storage devices with superb performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer dielectrics with excellent energy storage properties are crucial for high‐power density electronic equipment in environments such as high temperatures and strong electric fields. They play a critical role in applications including hybrid electric vehicles, electromagnetic launch devices, and photovoltaic power generation. In this paper, the small molecule compound lithium acetate (LiAc), which is low cost and exhibits good thermal stability in high‐temperature environments, was selected and blended with a polyetherimide (PEI) polymer matrix at an ultra‐low loading (≤0.3 vol%). LiAc has a higher electron affinity compared to PEI, which will result in a large trap energy level (Φe). The injected and excited electrons are trapped by strong electrostatic attraction, which suppresses carrier transport, reduces conduction losses, and improves breakdown strength in high‐temperature environments. This composite dielectric exhibits better energy storage properties in high‐temperature environments. The energy density of the 0.2% by volume LiAc/PEI composite dielectric reaches 3.04 J cm−3 at 150°C, maintaining an energy storage efficiency of approximately 90%. The research presented in this paper offers a novel approach to achieving excellent energy storage properties in polymer‐based composite dielectrics operating in high‐temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors (SCs) are well recognized for their excessive power output and cycling stability, but they often suffer from limited energy density. A promising solution to this challenge is the hybrid supercapattery (HSC) concept, which integrates two different electrodes with disparate charge-storage systems to provide energy and power. In this work, transition-metal phosphides (TMPs), specifically a Cu-doped cobalt phosphide wrapped with an N-doped porous carbon network (CCP-NPC), were used as positive electrode materials in HSCs. With a specific capacitance of 5.99 F cm−2 and a capacitance retention of 87% after 10 000 cycles, the extremely active CCP-5-NPC (5% Cu-doped cobalt phosphide wrapped with an N-doped porous carbon network) exhibits numerous redox sites. The unique structure of CCP-5-NPC, characterized by its cubical shape, coarse surface, and porous structure, greatly enhances the electrochemically active sites (EAS) and specific surface areas (SSA) of the electrode material, facilitating efficient charge transfer kinetics for ions and electrons in HSCs. The potential hybrid supercapattery (CCP-5-NPC‖‖r-GO device) also demonstrated a higher energy density of 0.563 mW h cm−2 at a power density of 4.8 mW cm−2 at 3 mA cm−2 and a cyclic stability of 87.7% after 10 000 cycles. This work provides a basis for the development of highly efficient HSCs in the future by topotactically converting extremely porous materials into energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal carbide Ti3C2TX (MXene) possesses good electrical conductivity, high specific surface areas and metal oxide-like surfaces, which make it ideal for application in supercapacitors with both high energy density and power density. However, similar to other 2D materials, the issue of self-stacking leads to narrower ion-transport channels, along with a drastic reduction in active sites, thus severely limiting the performance of MXene-based electrodes. To address this problem, this work proposes to introduce one-dimensional (1D) reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanoribbons as spacers between MXene nanosheets to construct a composite structure for inhibiting self-stacking. As expected, owing to the steric effect and high aspect ratio of rGO nanoribbons, the fabricated MXene/rGO hybrid electrode, with the addition of 5 wt% graphene oxide (GO), exhibits a greatly improved specific capacitance (397.4 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1) and an unparalleled rate capability (with a capacitance retention of 52.9% at 2000 mV s−1). This work sheds significant light on the development of MXene-based materials for advanced energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coordination polymers (CPs) with high electrical conductivity have potential applications in electronic devices, sensors and energy storage systems. Herein, we present a Cd(II)-based two-dimensional (2D) CP [Cd2(adp)2(4-nvp)4(H2O)]·(H2O)7 [CP1; H2adp = adipic acid and 4-nvp = 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine] and a Zn(II) based one-dimensional (1D) CP [Zn2(adp)(4-nvp)2(H2O)(μ3-OH)]·(H2O)·(NO3) (CP2) that exhibit electrical conductivity in the semiconducting regime and create a Schottky barrier diode (SBD) at the metal–semiconductor (MS) junction. However, CP1 shows higher conductivity as compared to CP2, which relates to the better orbital overlap of larger Cd(II) ions in CP1, providing a conjugation pathway for potent charge transport. These results are well-validated by theoretical prediction via density functional theory (DFT) computation based on band gap calculation. Such materials with semiconducting properties may pave the way for the fabrication of electronic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors, an innovative energy storage technology, combine the strengths of batteries and capacitors, enabling diverse applications in sectors such as communications, transportation, and aerospace. Porous carbon materials derived from biomass have excellent electrical conductivity, customizable dimensions, high surface area, and robust electrochemical stability, rendering them ideal candidates for supercapacitor electrodes. This research utilized edamame shells as the carbon precursor and KOH as the activating agent to synthesize a series of N/O co-doped porous carbons (ESC-x-800) through a combined pre-carbonization and activation process. This study thoroughly investigated the effect of KOH addition on the morphology, structure, and electrochemical performance of the materials. The result showed that the ESC-3-800 stood out as the top performer, distinguished by its unique self-doping characteristic with N and O atoms and a unique hierarchical porous structure. The ESC-3-800 boasted an impressive specific surface area of 3188.98 m2 g−1, coupled with a substantial pore volume of 1.86 cm3 g−1. When evaluated in a three-electrode system, ESC-3-800 demonstrated a remarkable specific capacitance of 301 F g−1, and a capacitance retention rate of 73.1% at a high current density of 20 A g−1. In a two-electrode setup, the ESC-3-800 achieved a notable high energy density of 37.6 W h kg−1 (at a power density of 200 W kg−1) in the 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte. Remarkably, after enduring 12 000 charge–discharge cycles in 6 M KOH, it maintained an impressive 96.68% of its initial capacity (8 A g−1), demonstrating exceptional long-term stability and durability. The straightforward preparation method and outstanding performance of the edamame shell-derived N/O co-doped porous carbon underscore its immense potential for practical applications in supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer nanocomposite films of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) with different concentrations of nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles (NPs), produced by an open two‐roll mill mixing method. Structural characterization using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), UV–visible spectroscopic studies and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed elevated peak intensity for composites confirming good polymer‐filler interaction, optical clarity and improved crystallinity. Morphological analysis by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR‐TEM) revealed the structural regularity of nanocomposites (NCs). Augmented thermal stability, evident from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) with increased decomposition temperature was corroborated by an increase in glass transition temperature (Tg) detected through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Dielectric constant and alternating current (AC) conductivity values increased with temperature, filler content and frequency. Composites containing 7 wt% NiO showed significant enhancements in mechanical properties compared to EVA, with tensile strength increasing by 122%, tear strength by 179.9%, and impact strength by 111.9%. EVA/10 wt% NiO composite exhibited the highest hardness increase of 11.9%, while elongation at break decreased by 8% for the same composition. The experimental results suggest that EVA/NiO nanocomposite films can be employed as promising alternatives for flexible dielectric substrates for optoelectronic devices. Highlights: A series of EVA/NiO NCs were prepared and characterized.Enhanced optical property, thermal stability and Tg.Possess excellent electrical properties.Mechanical strength and impact resistance of EVA was greatly enhanced.A promising material for flexible energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen is a promising clean energy source, but its storage poses challenges. In this research, we conducted an in-depth study of the structural and optoelectronic properties of the β- AlH 3 phase as a potential material for hydrogen storage. Using the density functional theory (DFT)-based Wien2k code, we optimized the structure of β- AlH 3. Hydrogen storage properties show that β- AlH 3 contains 10.1% hydrogen by weight, which is a significant amount. Electronic properties reveal that this material is a semiconductor with a wide indirect bandgap of 5.947 eV, obtained by the generalized gradient approximation with modified Becke-Johnson correction (GGA-mBJ). The optical response of β- AlH 3 to photons with energies from 0 to 10 eV is also examined for a better understanding of this material. β- AlH 3 exhibits a static dielectric permittivity value ε 1 (ω) of 2.1, indicative of its semiconducting nature. The optical conductivity σ 1 (ω) shows peaks at 7.25 eV and 8.5 eV, while the absorption coefficient α(ω) increases significantly above the band gap of 5.947 eV, with peaks at 7.2 eV and 9 eV. The refractive index n(ω) and extinction coefficient κ(ω) both display notable features at 7.2 eV and 9 eV, reflecting substantial electronic transitions and optical resonances. This research is crucial to understanding how this material can meet the technological demands of hydrogen storage. The results provide valuable insights into the potential of β-AlH₃ within the future energy landscape, highlighting both advances and challenges in this promising field. • Determination of crystal lattice parameters and structural stability of β-AlH₃. • Analysis of band gaps, density of states, and optoelectronic properties of β-AlH₃. • Evaluation of β-AlH₃'s hydrogen absorption mechanisms and energy storage efficiency. • Study of electron-photon interactions and plasmon resonances affecting optical properties. • Computational results support β-AlH₃'s potential in hydrogen storage technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A critical issue regarding the unreliable electricity supply in regions experiencing frequent grid outages poses significant economic and social challenges. Despite the integration of renewable energy sources like photovoltaic (PV) systems, the intermittent nature and low reliability of these resources necessitate additional energy storage solutions. The study investigates the effectiveness of various power system configurations, including PV only, PV/BES, and PV/BES/H 2 systems. Using HOMER software, the study delves into investigating the impact of different outage parameters, specifically focusing on the outage durations and frequencies to the reliability and cost-effectiveness of these systems. The study analyzes how these outage parameters influence the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) and the cost of energy (COE). Three cases were being investigated in this study, which are Case 1: Varying mean outage duration (MOD) with fixed outage frequency (OF), Case 2: Varying OF with MOD and Case 3: Varying both the MOD and OF. The inclusion of H 2 storage significantly reduced the LPSP in Case 1, from a range of 0.882%–2.79% in the PV/BES system to a much lower range of 0.15%–0.392%. In Case 2, the PV/BES/H 2 system also markedly improved reliability, lowering the LPSP from 0.0751% to 1.28% in the PV/BES system to just 0.0279%–0.189%. The results of Case 3 demonstrate that OF has a greater impact on system reliability, as evidenced by a significantly larger rate of change in LPSP when varying OF with constant MOD compared to varying MOD with constant OF. Therefore, the inclusion of energy storage significantly enhances reliability, with the PV/BES/H 2 system showing the lowest LPSP values in both cases. However, COE for the PV/BES/H 2 system was higher in both cases, ranging from 0.22 to 0.326 $/kWh, compared to 0.101 to 0.156 $/kWh for the PV/BES system. This highlights the need for advancements in H 2 storage technology to reduce cost. These findings underscore the critical importance of accurately sizing components to ensure a reliable and economical power supply in regions with unstable grids. • This study investigates the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the hybrid systems. • The outage durations and frequencies of the hydrogen-based hybrid systems are investigated. • The loss of power supply probability and the cost of energy parameters are analyzed. • Mean outage duration and outage frequency are investigated to demonstrate LPSP and COE. • This study highlights that the advanced H 2 storage technology can reduce the system cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal hydrides have captured significant attention for hydrogen storage because of their high energy density and safety. However, the performance of these systems is largely influenced by the design of the storage reactor. In this perspective, a novel compact, lightweight, and effective multi tube MH reactor was designed, fabricated, and experimentally tested. The absorption and desorption behavior of the newly developed Ti 0.9 Zr 0.1 Mn 1.46 V 0.45 Fe 0.09 alloy using the proposed MH reactor for hydrogen storage applications was analysed. At 30 bar supply pressure, the MH reactor absorbed 164.3 g (1.58 wt.%) of hydrogen in 894 s and delivered specific energy at an average rate of 94.7 W/kg MH. Further, the reactor released 153.6 g (1.48 wt.%) of hydrogen in 2246 s, when the desorption temperature was set at 50 °C. Moreover, the parametric study revealed that by raising the supply pressure from 10 bar to 20 bar and 30 bar, the stored capacity was improved by 11 % and 18.9 %, respectively, whereas the absorption time was drastically reduced by 43 % and 61.5 %, respectively. Furthermore, the fabricated reactor achieved gravimetric and volumetric storage densities of 0.75 % and 20.6 kg/m3 of H 2. Also, the MH reactor achieved a maximum hydrogen storage efficiency of 82.3 %. Finally, the comparative results indicated that the MH reactor studied in this work demonstrated a faster hydrogen release rate compared to other medium to large capacity MH reactors reported in the literature. [Display omitted] • Absorption and desorption behavior novel MH reactor were analysed. • The multi tube reactor absorbed 1.56 wt% in 894 s at 30 bar supply pressure. • The reactor desorbed 1.46 wt% in 2246 s at desorption temperature of 50 °C. • The achieved volumetric storage density was 20.6 kg/m3 of H 2. • The MH reactor attained maximum energy storage efficiency of 82.3 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new energy hydrogen production system is subject to intermittent fluctuations, which compromise efficiency and equipment lifespan. This study proposes a new dynamic power allocation and control strategy for hybrid hydrogen production systems. By using the Whale Algorithm Optimized Variable Modal Decomposition (WOA-VMD), the fluctuating power of new energy is quantitatively decomposed and reconstructed. Based on a multi-objective optimization function, low-frequency variation components and high-frequency fluctuation components are accurately allocated between alkaline electrolyzers (ALK) and proton exchange membrane electrolyzers (PEM). The strategy effectively improves the source-load balancing capability, reducing the low-frequency fluctuation rate by 60% and reducing the high-frequency power amplitude by 70%, significantly reducing the operational demands on ALK electrolyzers, the capacity requirements of PEM electrolyzers, and the need for energy storage configuration, while also increasing hydrogen production efficiency by 7%. Compared to existing methods, the strategy has a transparent analysis process, strong interpretability, and good data reusability, making it valuable for engineering applications. [Display omitted] • Precise quantitative decomposition and adaptive reconstruction of fluctuating power. • Achieve optimal power allocation and complete conversion. • 60% reduction in alkaline volatility. • Enhance source-load balance and reduce energy storage configuration requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every once in a while, a revolutionary technological development arises, which leads to a significant change in the way to approach research and push development efforts. The appetite for new technology compels society to look for game‐changing materials, that can transform the industry and make advances. Sustainable energy production is paramount to addressing the climate crisis, and energy generation and storage play an important role in the development of self‐powered microelectronic devices. The 2D materials, MXenes have emerged as promising candidates for energy and other applications owing to their inherent electrical merits, high specific surface area, and tunable properties. Particularly, in the context of additive and interfacial materials for perovskite solar cell fabrication and utilization as additives in secondary batteries, this review delves into the application of MXenes in such devices. The protocols of MXenes and their nanostructures tailoring toward such applications and, the underlying mechanism is uncovered. Further, the existing challenges and direction for future in MXene‐based energy harvesters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing high-performance carbon-based materials for environmental and energy-related applications produces solid waste with secondary pollution to the environment at the end of their service lives. It is still challenging to utilize these functional materials in a sustainable manner in different fields. In this study, we demonstrate a cascaded utilization of an Fe3O4@onion-like carbon (Fe3O4@OLC) structure from wastewater adsorbents to a supercapacitor electrode. The structure was formed by carbonizing Fe3O4@oleic acid monodisperse nanoparticles into interconnected Fe3O4@OLCs and subsequent insufficient acid etching. The hollow OLCs in the outside region of the hybrid structure provide high surface area and the encapsulated Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the inside region offer high ferromagnetism. The three-dimensionally interconnected graphitic layers are advantageous for efficient separation and high conductivity. As a result, the maximum saturation adsorption capacity of insufficiently etched interconnected Fe3O4@OLCs can reach up to 90.2 mg g−1 and they can be efficiently separated under a magnetic field. Furthermore, the hybrid structure is thermally transformed into N-doped HOLCs, which are demonstrated to be a high-performance supercapacitor electrode with high specific capacitance and high electrochemical stability. The cascaded utilization of the hybrid structure in this study is meaningful for eco-friendly development of functional materials for environmental and energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly stable, low-cost, and efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reactions is a challenging issue in energy storage and generation technology to meet the demand for sustainable and clean energy. Herein, cobalt phosphates in comparison with cobalt oxides were synthesized using a successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method on a nickel foam substrate with different crystallization temperatures, and their supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction performances were studied. The nanorod bundles of cobalt phosphate electrodes prepared at 150 °C delivered an excellent specific charge storage capacity of 1512 F g−1 (681 C g−1) at a current density of 5 mA cm−2, which is higher than that of cobalt oxide (1103.9 F g−1 (496 C g−1)). They are highly stable for more than 2000 charge–discharge cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 93%. Furthermore, the same electrodes exhibited enhanced electrocatalytic behaviour for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with an overpotential of 359 mV at a current density of 30 mA cm−2, lowest Tafel slope of 60 mV dec−1 and stability of 20 hours. Enhanced reaction kinetics are attributed to the high electrochemical surface area with a Cdl of 594 μF and improved electronic conductivity. The above results indicated that cobalt phosphate is one of the most efficient electrode materials for the OER and supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating severity of plastic waste's impact on the ecological environment and human health emphasize the crucial importance of developing resource‐conserving disposal technologies for sustainable development. Carbon‐based materials possess extensive functional applications across various fields, however, their high production costs and heavy reliance on fossil fuels pose challenges. Plastic wastes serve as ideal precursors for the green and sustainable production of carbon‐based functional materials due to high carbon content and low‐cost. This review provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress on plastic waste‐derived carbon materials (PWCMs) including primary strategies for constructing PWCMs and their current functional applications in energy storage, environmental remediation and organic synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadate materials are promising for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost, high capacity, and high power characteristics enabled by vanadium's multiple oxidation states. However, their development is hindered by poor conductivity, suboptimal high‐rate performance, and limited cycle life. In this work, a layered structure modification strategy involving Ca/F co‐doping in sodium vanadate Na2CaV2O6F (CVF) is proposed to address these issues. Through a combination of experiments and density functional theory calculations, it is demonstrated that Ca/F synergies enhance the Na layer spacing in CVF, resulting in reduced crystal water content and volume shrinkage compared to Na2V2O6 (NVO). Additionally, Ca/F incorporation significantly mitigates the diffusion potential of Na+ within the material framework. The unmodified CVF sample exhibits a high reversible capacity of 220 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1 and an excellent rate capacity of 65.78 mAh g−1 at 400 mA g−1. Furthermore, the cathode material maintains a capacity of up to 138 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 and retains 104.88 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles within the voltage range of 1.5−4.0 V. These findings enhance the understanding of the crystal structure of NVO cathode materials and pave the way for the rational design of high‐quality vanadate cathodes for SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient and stable persistent phosphors play a crucial role in the fields of energy storage, anti-counterfeiting, and biomedical fields. Here, we present an improved synthetic method for preparing a series of color-tunable LiYGeO 4 :Tb3+ persistent phosphor. The increased Tb3+ concentration in the improved method enhances the persistent luminescent intensity at 20 s by ∼2.96 times. This enhancement is due to the dual roles of Tb3+ as both emitters and trap centers within LiYGeO 4. By simply increasing the doping concentrations, the persistent color can be adjusted from blue to green. LiYGeO 4 :Tb3+ exhibits no loss of persistent luminescent intensity even after exposure to water at 80 °C for 72 h, surpassing the commercial green persistent phosphor. Furthermore, information storage was successful demonstrated by using LiYGeO 4 :Tb3+ with various doping concentrations. This study represents a significant advancement in optimizing the properties of persistent luminescent materials, where dopants simultaneously serve as emitters and trap centers. An improved approach has been developed that significantly enhances the persistent luminescence of LiYGeO 4 :Tb3+. This advancement endows the persistent phosphor with substantial potential for applications in information storage. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy storage technologies play a crucial role in addressing the intermittent characteristics of renewable energy sources, improving the stability of electrical grids, and decreasing the release of greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we presented nickel indium oxalate (Ni 1-x In x C 2 O 4) as a promising material with potential applications in the field of electrochemical energy storage. The as-prepared Ni-In- oxalate sample was subjected to different physical characterizations, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Regarding the electrochemical energy storage capability, the Ni 1-x In x C 2 O 4 electrode material exhibited a specific capacitance of 835 F g−1 (417.5 C g−1) at 1 A g−1. The incorporation of nickel (Ni) into the indium (In) oxalate nanoplates enhances their electrochemical performance. The presence of Ni in the nanoplates generated from substrate, improving the overall conductivity of the material and enhances its electrochemical reactions, thus leading to improved energy storage capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaNbO 3 (NN)-based dielectric ceramics for energy storage have garnered significant interest due to their high saturation polarization, low residual polarization, and superior breakdown strength (E b). However, the low recoverable energy storage density (W rec) and efficiency (η) significantly limited their practical application. Herein, BiFeO 3 (BF) was incorporated into NN to optimize the energy storage performance. The NN-BF ceramics exhibited pronounced antiferroelectric (AFE) relaxor phase, alongside grain size reduction and E b enhancement, which contributed to a significant increase of W rec and η. Specially, the optimum W rec of 4.43 J/cm³ and η of 71.51 % were achieved at the composition of 0.9NN-0.1BF. Besides, stable energy storage performance was maintained over a wide temperature range (20–120 °C). These results highlight the potential of NN-BF relaxor AFE ceramics as promising candidates for high-performance energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the potential of cerium (Ce) doping to improve the performance of cobalt oxide (Co₃O₄) nanoparticles as battery-type supercapacitor electrodes. Pure Co₃O₄ nanoparticles were synthesized via a solution combustion method and then doped with 2.5 % (Ce-Co 3 O 4) and 5 % Ce (CeO 2 -Co 3 O 4). Comprehensive characterization, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), was used to analyze the impact of Ce doping on the material properties. XRD analysis confirmed the successful incorporation of Ce into the Co₃O₄ structure, with distinct CeO 2 phases forming at higher doping levels. Ce doping resulted in decreased crystallite size and peak intensity, indicating reduced crystallinity and increased defect concentration. Raman spectroscopy corroborated these findings, showing a redshift that suggests weakened metal-oxygen bonds and smaller grain sizes due to Ce³⁺ incorporation. FESEM images demonstrated that Ce doping effectively reduced nanoparticle agglomeration, with 2.5 % doping leading to smaller particles and 5 % doping promoting a 2D flake-like morphology with increased porosity. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurements revealed a significant increase in surface area and pore volume for CeO 2 -Co₃O₄, facilitating improved electrolyte diffusion and reduced resistance, thereby enhancing electrochemical performance. Evaluation of the electrochemical properties of undoped and Ce-doped Co₃O₄ materials revealed a battery-like response in a three-electrode configuration. Notably, the CeO 2 -Co 3 O 4 exhibited a superior specific capacity of 603.3 C g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, significantly exceeding the values of 368.5 C g−1 and 127.1 C g−1 achieved by Ce-Co 3 O 4 and undoped Co 3 O 4 , respectively. Furthermore, the CeO 2 -doped Co 3 O 4 demonstrated exceptional cyclic stability, retaining 87 % of its initial capacity after undergoing 5000 charge-discharge cycles at a high current density of 10 A g−1. These results suggest that Ce doping is a promising strategy for optimizing Co₃O₄-based battery-type electrode materials, potentially leading to the development of high-performance and cost-effective energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The (1-x)Ba 0.94 Ce 0.04 TiO 3 -xBi(In 1/2 (Li 0.5 Ta 0.5) 1/2)O 3 (BCT-BILT) relaxor ferroelectric ceramic system was explored based on the A-site vacancy design and defect dipole engineering. The impacts of different doping concentrations on the phase composition, dielectric and energy storage performance of the BCT-BILT ceramics were studied and discussed in detail. The pure BCT and 0.95BCT-0.05BILT samples exhibited a mixed crystal structure of tetragonal (T) and pseudo-cubic (PC) phase, while the BCT-BILT samples with x > 0.05 possessed a cubic (C) phase, accompanied by the secondary phases of BaBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 and BaTa 2 O 6. With an increase in the BILT doping concentration, the surface morphologies of the ceramics were continuously modulated, and the dielectric loss had been reduced to 0.001 at 1 kHz, which was beneficial to improve the energy storage properties. Compared to the pure BCT, the breakdown field strength was significantly enhanced owing to the formation of Aurivillius phase BaBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 and the increased dielectric relaxation. Ultimately, the highest energy storage density of W rec = 0.7 J/cm3 and high energy conversion efficiency of η = 95 % was realized at the composition of x = 0.05 under a small electric field of 130 kV/cm. Furthermore, the good temperature stability with the Δ W rec / W rec30°C < 9 % and Δ η / η 30°C < 6.5 % was acquired for the samples with x = 0.20–0.30 in the temperature range of 30–120 °C, owing to the synergistic roles of the defect dipoles, impurities BaBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 , and polar nanoregions (PNRs). The 0.95BCT-0.05BILT ceramic obtains discharge energy density W dis of 0.35 J/cm3 and fast discharge speed t 0.9 of 312 ns at 60 kV/cm, current density C D of 255.4 A/cm2 and power density P D of 10.2 MW/cm3 at 80 kV/cm. This work is of guiding significance for designing and optimizing energy storage performance of lead-free relaxors from the perspective of defect building and engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce phenomenon of abandoning wind and photovoltaic power, improve the limitations of traditional methods in dealing with uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and system planning, and improve the optimal configuration of resources, an optimal capacity configuration of joint system considering uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power and demand response is proposed. Firstly, using probability distribution information of wind and photovoltaic power output, the distance between actual probability distribution and forecast probability distribution is constrained based on the 1‐norm and ∞‐norm. A fuzzy set considering uncertainty probability distribution is constructed, and a two‐stage distributed robust planning model is established. The first stage involves optimizing joint system capacity for scenarios with the lowest probability of wind and photovoltaic power; the second stage builds on capacity optimization scheme from the first stage and aims to minimize operating costs through simulation optimization. Secondly, column and constraint generation is used to solve the model. Finally, constructing an example based on actual data from a power grid in Northeast China for simulation and analysis, the results show that the method achieves a balanced optimization of robustness and economy, effectively reduces carbon emissions and improves ability of the system to consume wind and photovoltaic power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An islanded hybrid AC‐DC microgrid interconnects renewable energy sources, distributed generators, and energy storage, primarily for remote areas without grid access. Its reliability depends on variable renewable output and load demand, while an energy management system optimizes power scheduling and reduces costs. In the first phase of this paper, uncertainty parameters like day‐ahead power from renewable energy sources (RES) and load demand (LD) are forecasted using the long short‐term memory (LSTM) deep learning algorithm. The LSTM outperforms the artificial neural network (ANN) model in terms of mean square error (MSE) and prediction accuracy (R2) for both training and testing datasets. In the second phase, the forecasted RES power and LD are used for optimal distributed generator (DG) scheduling using the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm. The objective of energy management in an islanded hybrid microgrid (HMG) is to minimize daily operating costs by considering load demand and the bidding costs of energy sources and storage devices. Two operational scenarios are evaluated to minimize the operating costs and optimize battery life. The proposed method, validated with IEEE standard test systems, is compared against several metaheuristic techniques. Results demonstrate that the improved grey wolf optimization (IGWO) algorithm is more effective at reducing costs and provides faster optimal solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a multi‐level coordinated scheduling strategy for shared energy storage systems (SESS) under electricity spot and ancillary service markets to maximize the overall operational profit. At the upper level, an optimal day‐ahead bidding model is formulated to allocate optimal capacities of SESS for engaging in electricity transactions and offering peak shaving reserve over the scheduling horizon. Then, a joint market clearing model is presented to simultaneously optimize awarded capacities of SESS and marginal prices of electricity spot and ancillary service markets at the middle level. Furthermore, the lower level aims to correct the coordinated scheduling strategy for minimizing the intra‐day scheduling cost under the uncertainty of renewable energy sources and load demand. Finally, a linear relaxation method is applied to transform the proposed strategy into a mixed‐integer linear programming problem for enhancing the computation efficiency. Comparative case studies have validated the superior performance of the proposed strategy for better utilization of available storage capacity and arbitrage maximization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an optimal robust sizing model for distributed energy storage systems (DESSs) considering power quality management. The power conversion systems (PCSs) of DESSs with four‐quadrant operation characteristics can provide power quality management services to customers. To improve capacity utilization of the DESS, power quality management services are quantified and integrated into an optimal bi‐level sizing model, where the upper level addresses the sizing problem concerning battery and PCS capacities, while the lower level focuses on coordinating active/reactive power control of the DESS. A robust optimization approach for DESS scheduling is adopted to consider uncertainties of distributed photovoltaic (PV) power generation and power quality management requirements. The column and constraint generation (C&CG) algorithm is applied for efficient handling of this model. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through comprehensive comparative analysis of four cases, resulting in a 12.44% increase in the net present value (NPV) over the entire lifecycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile energy storage (MES), as a flexible resource, plays a significant role in disaster emergency response. Rational pre‐positioning ahead of disasters can accelerate the dispatch of MES to power outage areas, and further reduce load losses. This paper focuses on typhoon disasters and studies the MES pre‐positioning method for distribution networks coupled with transportation networks. Firstly, a typhoon model considering the typhoon eye was formulated. Secondly, the analysis covering the diverse impacts of typhoons on the 'generation‐transmission‐load‐road' system was conducted. Subsequently, a bi‐level pre‐positioning model, considering multi‐index evaluation, was established based on scenario‐based stochastic optimization. Finally, the modified MATPOWER 18‐node test system was utilized to verify the performance of the proposed method, and the simulation results demonstrated its effectiveness and applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the insufficient flexibility and adjustment capabilities caused by the high proportion of renewable energy connected to the distribution network and the limitations of the source‐side adjustment method, a load‐side resource flexibility cluster partitioning method based on zonotope approximation is proposed to cope with the flexibility adjustment requirements brought by uncertain resources. First, the constraint space of load‐side resources such as energy storage, multi‐source mobile energy storage, electric vehicles, and temperature‐controlled loads is described as a convex polyhedral form general model based on the virtual battery framework, and the zonotope approximation is used to integrate its constraint space with the Minkowski sum. Secondly, modularity and flexibility supply and demand balance index are proposed to perform flexibility clustering of load‐side resources. Then, the minimum comprehensive operating cost of the cluster aggregator is set as the optimization goal, the cluster constraint space is equivalent to the cost function, and the optimal charging and discharging power and flexibility adjustment capacity of the load‐side resources are obtained. Finally, the method proposed here is verified through numerical example simulation to effectively balance aggregation accuracy and calculation speed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of State of Health (SOH) plays a decisive role in diagnosing the health condition of Lithium‐Ion Batteries (LIBs). However, SOH estimation, particularly for individual battery cells, remains underexplored, especially under working conditions and aging patterns where battery parameters cannot be fully determined. This research conducted a comparative analysis of the parameter sensitivity among three methods and proposed a novel approach to estimate the SOH in large‐capacity batteries. The proposed method integrates multi‐feature extraction with artificial intelligence techniques. Specifically, various Health Index sets (HIs) reflecting Incremental Capacity morphological features are extracted from the charging curves of LIBs. Subsequently, a method is proposed to fuse these HIs using an artificial neural network to achieve precise SOH estimation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated through extensive long‐term degradation experiments on Lithium Cobalt Oxide batteries. The results confirm significant attributes of the method, including high estimation accuracy, reliability, and robustness against small‐scale inconsistencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) constitute pivotal factors in the efficient and secure management of lithium‐ion batteries, particularly within the context of electric vehicles. A highly‐robust co‐estimation method is proposed in this paper to accurately assess the SOC and SOH under strong electromagnetic interference environment. First, the 1‐RC equivalent circuit model is adopted and the model parameters are identified in a real‐time manner using the recursive total least‐square method to improve the accuracy and adaptivity of the battery model. Subsequently, the SOH estimation is reframed as capacity estimation and an unscented Kalman filter is designed to co‐estimate the SOC and capacity based on the battery model. The results suggest that the proposed method has strong robustness against the measurement noises on current and voltage. The average estimation errors of SOC and capacity are 1.57% and 0.11 Ahr, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of electrified rail transportation, the traction load demand of rail transportation has increased sharply, and its operational security under extreme conditions has been highlighted. Given the above background, this paper proposes a planning method for the optimal photovoltaic (PV)‐storage capacity of rail transit self‐consistent energy systems considering the impact of extreme weather. First, the basic structure of a rail transit self‐consistent energy system is presented. Second, considering a power transmission system with line trip‐off under extreme weather conditions, a traction load reduction model is established to obtain the maximum power exchange capability between the power transmission network and rail substations. Subsequently, an optimal planning model for a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) is proposed to minimize the total HESS investment and rail transit system operation costs. Finally, the model is linearized as mixed‐integer linear programming and solved using Gurobi and the Yalmip toolbox. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed optimal PV‐storage capacity planning for rail transit self‐consistent energy systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The access of distributed units leads to the rapid increase of power network information services, which brings great problems to the centralized dispatch of power system. To improve the efficiency of data processing and the flexibility of each unit dispatching, first, the areas are divided according to the load characteristics. An operating framework of distributed power system is presented based on offload strategy of mobile edge computing (MEC) and optimal allocation of computational quantity. Second, a novel hierarchical dispatching model is established based on the optimal configuration of MEC. In each area, the upper model takes the total energy consumption of the MEC server and the operating cost of the power system as the objective to calculate the output of each distributed unit and the computational quantity under the optimal offload strategy. The lower model ensures the complete accommodation of renewable energy and the optimal economic operation of the whole area through the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs) and secondary operation of energy storage systems under the constraint of MEC server computing delay. Third, the screening rules of the MEC system computing mode and the simulation strategies of EVs in different areas are proposed. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the model are verified by simulation experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]