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Improvements in the syntheses of the carboxamide-substituted tris(pyrazolyl)borate ligands TpCONHPh,Me[tris(3-anilinocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate] and TpCONHt-Bu,Me[tris(3-tert-butylaminocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl)borate] are reported. Their TlIsalts, namely [tris(3-anilinocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)borato]thallium(I), [Tl(C33H31BN9O3)], (II), and [tris(3-tert-butylaminocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)borato]thallium(I), [Tl(C27H43BN9O3)], (III), as well as the CuIcarbonyl complexes (TpCONHPh,Me)Cu(CO), namely carbonyl[tris(3-anilinocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)borato]copper(I) tetrahydrofuran trisolvate, [Cu(C33H31BN9O3)(CO)]·3C4H8O, (IV), and (TpCONHt-Bu,Me)Cu(CO), namely carbonyl[tris(3-tert-butylaminocarbonyl-5-methylpyrazol-1-yl-κN2)borato]copper(I) tetrahydrofuran hemisolvate, [Cu(C27H43BN9O3)(CO)]·0.5C4H8O, (V), have been prepared. Their spectroscopic properties and structures are compared with those of related compounds. The molecules of (II)–(V) show hydrogen bonding to either solvent molecules or neighboring complex moleculesviaamide groups. The title compounds feature the ability to engage other ligands in hydrogen bonding and they show strong electron-withdrawing character. Compound (V) displays voids ofca800 Å3in the crystal structure.

Objective. Ovarian cancer comprises several histological groups with widely differing levels of survival. We aimed to explore international variation in survival for each group to help interpret international differences in survival from all ovarian cancers combined. We also examined differences in stage-specific survival. Methods. The CONCORD programme is the largest population-based study of global trends in cancer survival, including data from 60 countries for 695,932 women (aged 15–99 years) diagnosed with ovarian cancer during 1995–2009. We defined six histological groups: type I epithelial, type II epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, other specific non-epithelial and non-specific morphology, and estimated age-standardised 5-year net survival for each country by histological group. We also analysed data from67 cancer registries for 233,659 women diagnosed from 2001 to 2009, for whom information on stage at diagnosis was available. We estimated agestandardised 5-year net survival by stage at diagnosis (localised or advanced). Results. Survival fromtype I epithelial ovarian tumours for women diagnosed during 2005–09 ranged from40 to 70%. Survival from type II epithelial tumours was much lower (20–45%). Survival fromgermcell tumours was higher than that of type II epithelial tumours, but also varied widely between countries. Survival for sex-cord stromal tumours was higher than for the five other groups. Survival from localised tumours was much higher than for advanced disease (80% vs. 30%). Conclusions. There is wide variation in survival between histological groups, and stage at diagnosis remains an important factor in ovarian cancer survival. International comparisons of ovarian cancer survival should incorporate histology.

With the expansion of the use of private prisons and detention centres worldwide and the increasing involvement of private actors in the provision of custodial services, this doctoral thesis considers life inside two private prisons in England. Using theoretically informed ethnography it evaluates the effect of responsibility on men imprisoned in two private prisons in England. Firstly, it briefly reviews the background and development of prison privatisation in England and Wales and considers the role and place of private prisons as part of a wider neo-liberal shift. Secondly, using qualitative data gathered inside two private prisons, it evaluates if these prisons, through their regimes, are trying to create responsible self-governing prisoners. The thesis reviews both, how regimes and practices in place in these two prisons attempt to forge responsible prisoners, and how individual men and groups of prisoners experience, feel about, cope with and assimilate penal messages of self-governance and responsibility. Finally, it questions both the impact of responsible prisoners for prisons and the impact of responsibility on prisoners and argues that, whilst there is a benefit to fostering environments in which prisoners are enabled to become responsible and self-governing, a careful balance must be maintained, as for some men the responsibility itself becomes characteristic of the "pain of imprisonment".

Purpose: To describe epidemiologic patterns of childhood (0–14 years) lymphomas in the Southern and Eastern European (SEE) region in comparison with the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER), USA, and explore tentative discrepancies. Methods: Childhood lymphomas were retrieved from 14 SEE registries (n = 4,702) and SEER (n = 4,416), diagnosed during 1990–2014; incidence rates were estimated and time trends were evaluated. Results: Overall age-adjusted incidence rate was higher in SEE (16.9/106) compared to SEER (13.6/106), because of a higher incidence of Hodgkin (HL, 7.5/106 vs. 5.1/106) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL, 3.1 vs. 2.3/106), whereas the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) was overall identical (5.9/106 vs. 5.8/106), albeit variable among SEE. Incidence increased with age, except for BL which peaked at 4 years; HL in SEE also showed an early male-specific peak at 4 years. The male preponderance was more pronounced for BL and attenuated with increasing age for HL. Increasing trends were noted in SEER for total lymphomas and NHL, and was marginal for HL, as contrasted to the decreasing HL and NHL trends generally observed in SEE registries, with the exception of increasing HL incidence in Portugal; of note, BL incidence trend followed a male-specific increasing trend in SEE. Conclusions: Registry-based data reveal variable patterns and time trends of childhood lymphomas in SEE and SEER during the last decades, possibly reflecting diverse levels of socioeconomic development of the populations in the respective areas; optimization of registration process may allow further exploration of molecular characteristics of disease subtypes. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.

Aim To assess trends in survival and geographic disparities among children (0–14 years) with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) before and after the introduction of molecular therapy, namely tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in Southern-Eastern European (SEE) countries and the USA. Methods We calculated survival among children with CML, acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in 14 SEE (1990–2014) cancer registries and the U.S. Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program (SEER, 1990–2012). We used Kaplan–Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Among 369 CML cases, substantial improvements were noted in 2-year survival during the post-TKI (range: 81–89%) compared to pre-TKI period (49–66%; HR: 0.37, 95% CI: 0.23–0.60). Risk of death was three times higher for

BACKGROUND: Our purpose is to examine the relationship of Health related quality of life measured by EORTC QLQc30, QLQ-LC13; FACT-L, LCSS, Eq5D) with survival in advanced lung cancer patients. A total of 299 Lung Cancer (LC) patients were, included in this national multicenter Project entitled of "the LC Quality of Life Project (AKAYAK). Baseline scores were analyzed by using Cox's proportional hazard regression to identify factors that influenced survival. Univariate and multivariate models were run for each of the scales included in the study. RESULTS: Mean and median survival were 12.5 and 8.0 months respectively. Clinical stage (as TNM), comorbidity; symptom scales of fatigue, insomnia, appetit loss and constipation were associated with survival after adjustment for age and sex. Global, physical and role functioning scales of QLQc30; physical and functional scales of LCS and TOI of the FACT-L was also associated with survival. Mobility and Usual activities dimensions of the Eq5D; Physical functioning and the constipation symptom scale of the QLQ-c30; and LCS and TOI scores of the FACT-L remained statistically significant after adjustment. LC13 and LCSS scales were not predictors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL serves as an additional predictive factor for survival that supplements traditional clinical factors. Besides the strong predictive ability of ECOG on survival, FACT-L and the Eq5D are the most promising HRQOL instruments for this purpose.

Background: Our purpose is to examine the relationship of Health related quality of life measured by EORTC QLQc30, QLQ-LC13; FACT-L, LCSS, Eq5D) with survival in advanced lung cancer patients. A total of 299 Lung Cancer (LC) patients were, included in this national multicenter Project entitled of "the LC Quality of Life Project (AKAYAK). Baseline scores were analyzed by using Cox's proportional hazard regression to identify factors that influenced survival. Univariate and multivariate models were run for each of the scales included in the study. Results: Mean and median survival were 12.5 and 8.0 months respectively. Clinical stage (as TNM), comorbidity; symptom scales of fatigue, insomnia, appetit loss and constipation were associated with survival after adjustment for age and sex. Global, physical and role functioning scales of QLQc30; physical and functional scales of LCS and TOI of the FACT-L was also associated with survival. Mobility and Usual activities dimensions of the Eq5D; Physical functioning and the constipation symptom scale of the QLQ-c30; and LCS and TOI scores of the FACT-L remained statistically significant after adjustment. LC13 and LCSS scales were not predictors of survival. Conclusions: HRQOL serves as an additional predictive factor for survival that supplements traditional clinical factors. Besides the strong predictive ability of ECOG on survival, FACT-L and the Eq5D are the most promising HRQOL instruments for this purpose.

Aim: Following completion of the first 5-year nationwide childhood (0-14 years) registration in Greece, central nervous system (CNS) tumour incidence rates are compared with those of 12 registries operating in 10 Southern-Eastern European countries. Methods: All CNS tumours, as defined by the International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC-3) and registered in any period between 1983 and 2014 were collected from the collaborating cancer registries. Data were evaluated using standard International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) criteria. Crude and age-adjusted incidence rates (AIR) by age/gender/diagnostic subgroup were calculated, whereas time trends were assessed through Poisson and Joinpoint regression models. Results: 6062 CNS tumours were retrieved with non-malignant CNS tumours recorded in eight registries; therefore, the analyses were performed on 5191 malignant tumours. Proportion of death certificate only cases was low and morphologic verification overall high; yet five registries presented >10% unspecified neoplasms. The male/female ratio was 1.3 and incidence decreased gradually with age, apart from Turkey and Ukraine. Overall AIR for malignant tumours was 23/106 children, with the highest rates noted in Croatia and Serbia. A statistically significant AIR increase was noted in Bulgaria, whereas significant decreases were noted in Belarus, Croatia, Cyprus and Serbia. Although astrocytomas were overall the most common subgroup (30%) followed by embryonal tumours (26%), the latter was the predominant subgroup in six registries. Conclusion: Childhood cancer registration is expanding in Southern-Eastern Europe. The heterogeneity in registration practices and incidence patterns of CNS tumours necessitates further investigation aiming to provide clues in aetiology and direct investments into surveillance and early tumour detection. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

AMAÇ: Endometriyal polip ön tanisi alan hastalarda operatif histeroskopi sonuçlarinin retrospektif olarak degerlendirilmesini amaçladik. Planlama: Klinik bulgularin retrospektif analizi. Ortam: Universitesi hastanesi kinigi. Çalisma ve hastalar: 2004-2005 Yillari’nda Uludag Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Hastanesi Kadin Hastaliklari ve Dogum Ana Bilim Dali Poliklinigi’ne çesitli nedenlerle basvuran ve endometriyal polip öntanisi almis toplam 79 hasta retrospektif olarak analiz edildiler. Endometriyal polip ön tanilari transvajinal ultrasonografi (TVUSG), veya salin infüzyon sonografi (SIS) ile konulmustu. Histeroskopide kavite içinde yer kaplayan olusumlar elektrokoter ile rezeke edildi ve patolojik incelemeye yollandi. Kavitede lezyon saptanmayan vakalara endometriyal örnekleme yapilarak isleme son verildi. Histeroskopik gözlem sonuçlari, histopatoloji sonuçlari, kullanilan tani yöntemleri ve vakalarin semptomlari incelendiler. Istatistiksel analizde SPSS 13.0 ve Microsoft Excel 2003 kullanildi. Istatistiksel anlamlilik olarak p SONUÇLAR: Histopatolojik sonuçlarin dagilimi: 56(%70,9) endometriyal polip, 8(%10,1) submüköz miyom, 1(%1,3) endometriyal hiperplazi, 14(%17,7) siklüs düzensizliklerine bagli endometriyal degisiklikler seklinde idi. Endometriyal polip ön tanisi almis vakalarin 5(%6,4)’inde endometriyal kavitede histeroskopi ile patoloji saptanmadi. Histeroskopik olarak polip seklinde tanimlanan olgularin 10(%13,5)’unda bir patoloji saptanmadi. TVUSG’nin endokaviter bir patoloji tanimlamada pozitif prediktif degeri (PPD) %79,5; TVUSG+SIS’in, %83,3; histeroskopinin ise %86,4 olarak bulundu. SIS ve hsiteroskopinin PPD’leri farksiz ve TVUSG’ninkinden daha yüksekti. TVUSG ve SIS sonucunda endometriyal kavitede saptanabilen yer kaplayan lezyonlarin çaplari arasinda bir fark yoktu. Histopatolojik sonuçlara göre ise submüköz myom grubu ve normal endometriyum gruplarinda lezyon çaplari anlamli fark gösteriyordu. Lojistik regresyon analizine göre, endokaviter lezyonun polip oldugunu öngörmek için yeterli bir parametre saptanmadi. YORUM: Endometriyal poliplerin varliginda hastalarin basvurularinda en sik gözlenen semptom anormal uterin kanama formlariydi. Bunlar arasinda: menoraji, menometroraji, postmenopozal kanama veya postkoital kanamalar vardir. Bunun disinda hastalar disparüni, dismenore veya infertilite ile basvurabilirler. Tani için, TVUSG’ye ek olarak SIS yapilmasi endometriyal kavite lezyonlari için tanisal hassasiyeti arttirmaktadir. Endometriyal kavitede lezyon öntanilarinda (%6,4) yanlis pozitiflikle karsilasilabilirken; histeroskopik gözlemle dogrulansa bile %13,5’lik bir yanlis pozitiflik orani gözlenmektedir. Polip konumlari, büyüklükleri, semptom türleri polip varligini öngörmekte yeterli degildir. Hasta grubumuzun, büyük olasilikla, yas ortalamasi düsük oldugu için içerdigi malin veya premalin sonuçlar ihmal edilebilecek kadar azdir.

Worldwide data for cancer survival are scarce. We aimed to initiate worldwide surveillance of cancer survival by central analysis of population-based registry data, as a metric of the eff ectiveness of health systems, and to inform global policy on cancer control. Methods Individual tumour records were submitted by 279 population-based cancer registries in 67 countries for 25·7 million adults (age 15–99 years) and 75 000 children (age 0–14 years) diagnosed with cancer during 1995–2009 and followed up to Dec 31, 2009, or later. We looked at cancers of the stomach, colon, rectum, liver, lung, breast (women), cervix, ovary, and prostate in adults, and adult and childhood leukaemia. Standardised quality control procedures were applied; errors were corrected by the registry concerned. We estimated 5-year net survival, adjusted for background mortality in every country or region by age (single year), sex, and calendar year, and by race or ethnic origin in some countries. Estimates were age-standardised with the International Cancer Survival Standard weights. Findings 5-year survival from colon, rectal, and breast cancers has increased steadily in most developed countries. For patients diagnosed during 2005–09, survival for colon and rectal cancer reached 60% or more in 22 countries around the world; for breast cancer, 5-year survival rose to 85% or higher in 17 countries worldwide. Liver and lung cancer remain lethal in all nations: for both cancers, 5-year survival is below 20% everywhere in Europe, in the range 15–19% in North America, and as low as 7–9% in Mongolia and Thailand. Striking rises in 5-year survival from prostate cancer have occurred in many countries: survival rose by 10–20% between 1995–99 and 2005–09 in 22 countries in South America, Asia, and Europe, but survival still varies widely around the world, from less than 60% in Bulgaria and Thailand to 95% or more in Brazil, Puerto Rico, and the USA. For cervical cancer, national estimates of 5-year survival range from less than 50% to more than 70%; regional variations are much wider, and improvements between 1995–99 and 2005–09 have generally been slight. For women diagnosed with ovarian cancer in 2005–09, 5-year survival was 40% or higher only in Ecuador, the USA, and 17 countries in Asia and Europe. 5-year survival for stomach cancer in 2005–09 was high (54–58%) in Japan and South Korea, compared with less than 40% in other countries. By contrast, 5-year survival from adult leukaemia in Japan and South Korea (18–23%) is lower than in most other countries. 5-year survival from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is less than 60% in several countries, but as high as 90% in Canada and four European countries, which suggests major defi ciencies in the management of a largely curable disease. Interpretation International comparison of survival trends reveals very wide diff erences that are likely to be attributable to diff erences in access to early diagnosis and optimum treatment. Continuous worldwide surveillance of cancer survival should become an indispensable source of information for cancer patients and researchers and a stimulus for politicians to improve health policy and health-care systems This work was funded by the Canadian Partnership Against Cancer, Cancer Focus Northern Ireland, Cancer Institute New South Wales, Cancer Research UK (C1336/A16148), US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC; 12FED03123, ACO12036), Swiss Re, Swiss Cancer Research foundation, Swiss Cancer League, and the University of Kentucky (3049024672-12-568)

1980'li yılların özellikle ikinci yarısından itibaren dünyada önemli sosyal, politik, teknolojik ve ekonomik degisiklikler oldu. Bu degisiklikler içinde en önemlisi ve tartısılanı küresellesmedir. Küresellesme, uluslar arası ticaretin yaygınlasması, emek ve sermaye hareketlerinin artması, ülkeler arasındaki ideolojik kutuplasmaların sona ermesi, teknolojideki hızlı degisim sonucunda ülkelerin gerek ekonomik, gerekse siyasal ve sosyo-kültürel açıdan birbirlerine yakınlasmaları olarak tanımlanabilir. Küresellesme kendisini ekonomik, siyasal ve sosyo-kültürel olmak üzere üç farklı alanda göstermektedir. Ekonomik açıdan küresellesme özellikle 1980'li yıllarda önem kazanmıstır. Ekonomik anlamda küresellesme, ülkeler arasında sermayenin, malların ve emegin dolasımını zorlastıran engellerin azaltılarak dünya ekonomisinin serbestlestirilmesi ve dünyanın ekonomik bir bütün olusturma sürecinin hızlandırılmasıdır. Geçen 20 yıl içinde ulusal ve uluslar arası düzeyde, dünya ekonomisinde, küresellesme dogrultusunda önemli degisiklikler gözlenmektedir. Birçok ülkenin ekonomik politikaları yapısal reform üzerine yogunlasmıstır. Bu reformların amacı temelde yasanan ekonomik sıkıntıların asılmasına yöneliktir. Bu amaçla kisi ve kurulusların faaliyetlerini arttırma, devletin düzenleme ve kontrollerini azaltma yoluna gidilmistir. Özellestirme, üretim, emek ve finans piyasalarının düzenlenmesi, vergi reformları, kamu sektörünün verimliliginin arttırılması ve faaliyetlerinin sınırlandırılması gibi birçok alanda, liberallesme egilimi gözlenmis, sonuçta ekonomiler daha serbest, daha açık hale gelmistir. Dünyadaki bu gelismelere paralel olarak, Türkiye ekonomisinde de hızlı bir dönüsüm yasanmıstır. 1962-1980 yılları arasında izlenen ithal ikamesi politikası, Türkiye'de 1980'den itibaren yerini ihracata dönük büyüme politikasına bırakmıstır. Türkiye 1980-1989 yılları arasında öncelikle mal piyasalarını dıs pazarlara açarak dünya ekonomisine entegre olmaya çalısmıstır. 1989 yılına gelindiginde Türkiye sermaye hareketleri üzerindeki tüm kısıtlamaları kaldırarak, kambiyo rejimini tamamıyla serbestlestirmistir. Böylece Türkiye ekonomisi dünya pazarlarına entegrasyon ve küresellesme sürecinde yeni bir dönemeci gerçeklestirdi. Türkiye'nin 1980 serbestlesme ve yapısal degisim programının temel amaçlarından birincisi dısa açık bir ekonomiye geçisi saglamaktı. Bu amaçla dıs ticaret serbestlestirildi ve yabancı sermaye girisini özendirici tedbirler alındı. Programın ikinci amacı ise kamu kesiminin iktisadi faaliyet alanını daraltmaktı. Bu amacı gerçeklestirmek için kamu harcamalarının azaltılması ve kamu kuruluslarının özellestirilmesi hedeflenmisti. Çalısmamız dört bölümden olusmaktadır. lk bölümde Türk ekonomi tarihi incelenmistir. Osmanlı dönemi ekonomik gelisimleri ve cumhuriyet dönemi ekonomik gelisimleri ayrı ayrı incelenerek karsılastırma olanagı sunulmustur. kinci bölümde, küresellesme ve küresel sürecin ortaya çıkısı incelenmis, Türkiye'nin 1980 sonrası küresellesme sürecine uyum saglamak amacıyla yaptıgı politika degisiklikleri üzerinde durulmustur. Üçüncü bölümde, devlet ekonomisinde çok önemli yere sahip olan, piyasadaki para miktarını, yatırımları ve ekonomik kalkınmayı fazlasıyla etkileyen bankalar ele alınmıstır. Dördüncü ve son bölümde ise, Bankacılık alanında düzenleme yapma, bankaları denetleme ve yaptırım uygulama yetkisi bulunan Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu'nun kurulus nedenleri, hukuki niteligi, yapısı, görevleri ve yetkileri incelenmistir. The world economy has changed profoundly over the last twenty years, particularly after the second half of 1980s, following a substantial political, social and technological transformation. These changes lead us to a very popular concern, the debate of globalisation. During this period, the world has become more integrated economically, politically and socio-culturally as a result of advances in communication and information technologies, reduced trade barriers and increase in internatiol trade and factor mobility, reduced barriers to foreign investment and end of cold war. During the last two decades more and more countries based their economic policies on structural reforms. The common aim of these reforms is basically to overcome the inadequate economic conditions. To achieve this, private entrepreneurship is encouraged while reducing the state controls and regulations. There has been a considerable tendency towards liberalisation, such as privatisation, reducing the share of public sector in productionand tax reforms. Thus, economies become relatively much libarel and open. The Turkish economy has experienced a rapid transition parallel with the trend mentioned above. The import substitution policy of 1962-1980 is replaced by the export oriented growth policy in 1980. During the period 1980-1989, Turkey has tried to be integrated to the world economy by primarily opening its production market to foreigners. In 1989, Turkey has removed all the restrictions on capital movement, and liberalised the foreign Exchange market hence, improved the process of globalisation and integrating the Turkish economy to the morld markets. The firs goal of Turkey?s ?liberalisation and structural transition reform programme? in 1980 was to establish the conditions for an open economy. For this to be achieved the international trade is liberalised and the inflow of foreign investment is encouraged. The second one was to limit the role of public sector in the economy. Hence, the programme focused on privatisation of public institutions and on reducing the government expenditures. Amongst these policies applied after 1980, trade liberalisation policy was applied more decisively. It could be said that during this period Turkey has accomplished the trade liberalisation and the structural reform of foreign trade. However, it has failed in transformating the public sector.

In health area, in order to conduct a reliable analysis of the diseases that threat public health and develop control strategies. This is required to investigate firstly how the disease are geographically distributed, secondly regions where disease is observed more dense, and thirdly their geo-statistical aspects. The aim of the study is to prepare spatially distribution map of the lung cancer cases in Izmir, Turkey, and are distributed on Izmir map via GIS. Spatial statistics are performed and the relations of geographical factors and the cancer data are discussed. Smart maps with tabular data and displaying cancer cases on a spatially distribution maps have been produced as end products. ArcGIS and Spatial Analyst module are used for the study. © 2013 Taylor & Francis Group.