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61. Riverine concentrations and export of dissolved silicon, and potential controls on nutrient stoichiometry, across the land–ocean continuum in Great Britain

Author

Tye, Andrew M., Jarvie, Helen P., Spears, Bryan M., Dise, Nancy B., Williamson, Jennifer L., Lapworth, Dan J., Monteith, Don, Sanders, Richard, Mayor, Daniel J., Bowes, Michael J., Bowes, Michael, Burden, Annette, Callaghan, Nathan, Farr, Gareth, Felgate, Stacey, Gibb, Stuart, Gilbert, Pete, Hargreaves, Geoff, Humphrey, Olivier S., Keenan, Patrick, Kitidis, Vassilis, Jürgens, Monika D., Martin, Adrian, Pearson, Monty, Nightingale, Philip D., Gloria Pereira, M., Olszewska, Justyna, Pickard, Amy, Rees, Andrew P., Stinchcombe, Mark, Worrall, Fred, and Evans, Chris D.

Published
2024
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63. Correction: Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Author

Dareng, Eileen O, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Barnes, Daniel R, Jones, Michelle R, Yang, Xin, Aben, Katja KH, Adank, Muriel A, Agata, Simona, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Arun, Banu K, Augustinsson, Annelie, Balmaña, Judith, Bandera, Elisa V, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernardini, Marcus Q, Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brenton, James D, Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Buys, Saundra S, Cai, Hui, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Cassingham, Hayley, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Kexin, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Colonna, Sarah, Cook, Linda S, Couch, Fergus J, Daly, Mary B, Dao, Fanny, Davies, Eleanor, de la Hoya, Miguel, de Putter, Robin, Dennis, Joe, DePersia, Allison, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Doherty, Jennifer A, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, Heather A, Engel, Christoph, Evans, Gareth D, Fasching, Peter A, Flanagan, James M, Fortner, Renée T, Machackova, Eva, Friedman, Eitan, Ganz, Patricia A, Garber, Judy, Gensini, Francesca, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goodman, Marc T, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hamann, Ute, Hansen, Thomas VO, Harris, Holly R, Hartman, Mikael, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus K, Hopper, John L, Huang, Ruea-Yea, Huff, Chad, Hulick, Peter J, Huntsman, David G, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, and Janavicius, Ramunas

Subjects
GEMO Study Collaborators, GC-HBOC Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, OPAL Study Group, AOCS Group, KConFab Investigators, HEBON Investigators, OCAC Consortium, CIMBA Consortium, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Published
2022

66. Older adults are more approving of blunt honesty than younger adults: a cross-cultural study

Author

O'Connor, Alison M., Kea, Deston Chung Eng, Li, Qinggong, Ding, Xiao Pan, and Evans, Angela D.

Subjects
Aged -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects, Honesty -- Demographic aspects, Psychological research, Age (Psychology) -- Research, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

Research has explored age-related and cultural differences in moral evaluations of dishonesty; however, this has not yet been examined in an aging context. The present study provided a novel account of how younger and older adults (in Canada, Singapore, and China; N = 401) morally evaluate adults' truths and lies in antisocial, modesty, and politeness settings. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing how acceptable it is for adults to tell the truth or a lie in given social scenarios, and they reported on their levels of collectivism and individualism. In all countries, older adults provided more favorable evaluations to blunt and immodest truths than younger adults did. Compared with younger adults, older adults provided harsher evaluations to Polite Lies (in Canada and China) and Modesty Lies (in Canada and Singapore). Thus, there may be an age-related increase in the acceptability of direct honesty over good-intentioned lies, and this age effect is somewhat stable across cultures. Older adults were also more lenient in evaluations of an antisocial lie to conceal an affair compared to younger adults. Overall, adults in China tended to rate lies less negatively, and their greater levels of collectivism mediated their greater approval of polite lies. The present results demonstrate that evaluations of (dis)honesty differ as a function of age and culture and these results can assist in developing a more complete lifespan model of the morality of dishonesty., Author(s): Alison M. O'Connor [sup.1] [sup.4] , Deston Chung Eng Kea [sup.2] , Qinggong Li [sup.3] , Xiao Pan Ding [sup.2] , Angela D. Evans [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/056am2717, [...]

Published
2023
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67. Knowledge and Attitudes of Undergraduate Dental, Allied Oral Health and Nursing Students Towards Patients with Alzheimer's Disease

Author

Skriver, Rosemary E., Reibel, Yvette G., Christianson, Drew J., Evans, Michael D., and Arnett, Michelle C.

Subjects
Dental students -- Psychological aspects -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes -- Social aspects, Nursing students -- Beliefs, opinions and attitudes -- Psychological aspects -- Social aspects, Alzheimer's disease -- Social aspects, Health
Abstract

Purpose Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related illness that is becoming increasingly more prevalent in the United States. The purpose of this pilot study was to assess dental, allied oral health, and nursing students' perceived knowledge, comfort, and attitudes for individuals with AD. Methods A total of 851 students from a university dental and nursing school were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A 48-item survey comprising of demographic questions, the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) was disseminated via an electronic survey platform. Responses were summarized as means and standard deviations or counts and rates. Comparisons of survey responses by program type and exposure to AD, age group, and prior degree were performed using the chi-square test for association and analysis of variance. Results The response rate was 33.2%. Nursing students demonstrated the highest level of knowledge on AD with mean score of 25.26 (SD 2.87), followed by dental (M=23.4, SD 3.26) and allied oral health students (M=22.10, SD 2.98). Overall, students demonstrated perceived comfort in treating patients with AD and related dementias with mean scores in the 'slightly agree' range. Nursing students demonstrated the highest level of perceived comfort (M=5.61, SD 0.71). Conclusions Nursing students demonstrated higher knowledge and more positive attitudes toward AD than dental and allied oral health students. There is a need for improved educational training and an expanded didactic curriculum to enhance knowledge for dental and allied oral health students. This pilot study provides a blueprint for replication on a national level Keywords Alzheimer's disease, geriatric dentistry, dementia, attitudes, health professional students NDHRA priority area, Professional development: Education(evaluation). Submitted for publication: 7/10/2023; accepted after revision: 9/19/2023, INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease is an age-related illness that is becoming increasingly more prevalent, with approximately 5.8 million Americans over the age of 65 living with the disease. (1) It is [...]

Published
2023

75. Development of a sample preparation platform for bacterial and viral pathogens

Author

Evans, Aaron D. J. A., MacKay, R., and Balachandran, W.

Subjects
Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing, Cell lysis, DNA Extraction, Molecular Diagnostics, Bioengineering
Abstract

Molecular diagnostics plays a crucial role in reducing the impact of infectious diseases on a population. A key stage during the process is sample preparation, viewed as a bottleneck in the field of diagnostics. There are currently no standalone sample preparation systems able to process a range of sample types in a streamlined and reliable manner away from specialised infrastructure. The contribution to knowledge, described in this thesis, demonstrates a proof-of-concept sample preparation platform that was designed for deployment in the developed and developing world. The focus was placed on processing cloacal swab samples collected from chickens, and respiratory swab samples collected from humans, for the amplification and detection of poultry related infections and SARS-CoV-2, respectively, in a separate platform. A lysis protocol (the boiling method) was tested on cloacal samples before conducting both PCR amplification and colorimetric LAMP. 100 mg of a cloacal sample was suspended within 200 μL of a buffer, which was then incubated at 92 °C for 15 minutes. Performing the boiling method in a PBS buffer was found to offer the highest DNA yield (182 ng/μL), while the highest A280/260 ratio was found with the TE/PK buffer (1.06). Both the PCR and LAMP methods showed successful amplification of E. Coli following a 1:10 dilution step. A sample preparation platform was developed to accept cloacal and respiratory (NP and OP) samples on a swab, lyse the cells using thermal lysis, and dispense 1 - 3 μL droplets into PCR tubes. As it was not possible to produce droplets within this range using standard dripping configurations, an EHD module was employed to overcome the effects of surface tension at a metallic capillary. The platform was designed using Solidworks 2020, and optimised using COMSOL simulations. The platform was then fabricated using 3D printing techniques and tested. The platform demonstrated capabilities of performing cell lysis in a single thermal heating step at 92 °C. Droplets with a volume of 1.3 μL were dispensed on-demand, 86% smaller than possible with standard dripping configurations. The multidisciplinary work presented in this thesis reduced the complexity of sample preparation into a ready-to-assemble platform. Although universal sample preparation has yet to be fully achieved, the research conducted in this thesis may offer the first step towards the realisation of this goal.

Published
2022

76. Mucus Plugs in Asthma at CT Associated with Regional Ventilation Defects at 3He MRI.

Author

Mummy, David G, Dunican, Eleanor M, Carey, Katherine J, Evans, Michael D, Elicker, Brett M, Newell, John D, Gierada, David S, Nagle, Scott K, Schiebler, Mark L, Sorkness, Ronald L, Jarjour, Nizar N, Denlinger, Loren C, Fahy, John V, and Fain, Sean B

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Lung, Clinical Research, Asthma, Biomedical Imaging, Respiratory, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Helium, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Mucus, Respiration Disorders, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Medical and Health Sciences, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Background Airway mucus plugs in asthma are associated with exacerbation frequency, increased eosinophilia, and reduced lung function. The relationship between mucus plugs and spatially overlapping ventilation abnormalities observed at hyperpolarized gas MRI has not been assessed quantitatively. Purpose To assess regional associations between CT mucus plugs scored by individual bronchopulmonary segment and corresponding measurements of segmental ventilation defect percentage (VDP) at hyperpolarized helium 3 (3He) MRI. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis of a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective observational cohort, participants in the Severe Asthma Research Program (SARP) III (NCT01760915) between December 2012 and August 2015 underwent hyperpolarized 3He MRI to determine segmental VDP. Segmental mucus plugs at CT were scored by two readers, with segments scored as plugged only if both readers agreed independently. A linear mixed-effects model controlling for interpatient variability was then used to assess differences in VDP in plugged versus plug-free segments. Results Forty-four participants with asthma were assessed (mean age ± standard deviation, 47 years ± 15; 29 women): 19 with mild-to-moderate asthma and 25 with severe asthma. Mucus plugs were observed in 49 total bronchopulmonary segments across eight of 44 patients. Segments containing mucus plugs had a median segmental VDP of 25.9% (25th-75th percentile, 7.3%-38.3%) versus 1.4% (25th-75th percentile, 0.1%-5.2%; P < .001) in plug-free segments. Similarly, the model estimated a segmental VDP of 18.9% (95% CI: 15.7, 22.2) for mucus-plugged segments versus 5.1% (95% CI: 3.3, 7.0) for plug-free segments (P < .001). Participants with one or more mucus plugs had a median whole-lung VDP of 11.1% (25th-75th percentile, 7.1%-18.9%) versus 3.1% (25th-75th percentile, 1.1%-4.4%) in those without plugs (P < .001). Conclusion Airway mucus plugging at CT was associated with reduced ventilation in the same bronchopulmonary segment at hyperpolarized helium 3 MRI, suggesting that mucus plugging may be an important cause of ventilation defects in asthma. © RSNA, 2021 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Published
2022

77. Polygenic risk modeling for prediction of epithelial ovarian cancer risk

Author

Dareng, Eileen O, Tyrer, Jonathan P, Barnes, Daniel R, Jones, Michelle R, Yang, Xin, Aben, Katja KH, Adank, Muriel A, Agata, Simona, Andrulis, Irene L, Anton-Culver, Hoda, Antonenkova, Natalia N, Aravantinos, Gerasimos, Arun, Banu K, Augustinsson, Annelie, Balmaña, Judith, Bandera, Elisa V, Barkardottir, Rosa B, Barrowdale, Daniel, Beckmann, Matthias W, Beeghly-Fadiel, Alicia, Benitez, Javier, Bermisheva, Marina, Bernardini, Marcus Q, Bjorge, Line, Black, Amanda, Bogdanova, Natalia V, Bonanni, Bernardo, Borg, Ake, Brenton, James D, Budzilowska, Agnieszka, Butzow, Ralf, Buys, Saundra S, Cai, Hui, Caligo, Maria A, Campbell, Ian, Cannioto, Rikki, Cassingham, Hayley, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Chanock, Stephen J, Chen, Kexin, Chiew, Yoke-Eng, Chung, Wendy K, Claes, Kathleen BM, Colonna, Sarah, Cook, Linda S, Couch, Fergus J, Daly, Mary B, Dao, Fanny, Davies, Eleanor, de la Hoya, Miguel, de Putter, Robin, Dennis, Joe, DePersia, Allison, Devilee, Peter, Diez, Orland, Ding, Yuan Chun, Doherty, Jennifer A, Domchek, Susan M, Dörk, Thilo, du Bois, Andreas, Dürst, Matthias, Eccles, Diana M, Eliassen, Heather A, Engel, Christoph, Evans, Gareth D, Fasching, Peter A, Flanagan, James M, Fortner, Renée T, Machackova, Eva, Friedman, Eitan, Ganz, Patricia A, Garber, Judy, Gensini, Francesca, Giles, Graham G, Glendon, Gord, Godwin, Andrew K, Goodman, Marc T, Greene, Mark H, Gronwald, Jacek, Hahnen, Eric, Haiman, Christopher A, Håkansson, Niclas, Hamann, Ute, Hansen, Thomas VO, Harris, Holly R, Hartman, Mikael, Heitz, Florian, Hildebrandt, Michelle AT, Høgdall, Estrid, Høgdall, Claus K, Hopper, John L, Huang, Ruea-Yea, Huff, Chad, Hulick, Peter J, Huntsman, David G, Imyanitov, Evgeny N, Isaacs, Claudine, Jakubowska, Anna, James, Paul A, and Janavicius, Ramunas

Subjects
Prevention, Cancer, Ovarian Cancer, Rare Diseases, Good Health and Well Being, Bayes Theorem, Breast Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Humans, Male, Ovarian Neoplasms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, GEMO Study Collaborators, GC-HBOC Study Collaborators, EMBRACE Collaborators, OPAL Study Group, AOCS Group, KConFab Investigators, HEBON Investigators, OCAC Consortium, CIMBA Consortium, Genetics, Clinical Sciences, Genetics & Heredity
Abstract

Polygenic risk scores (PRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have the potential to improve risk stratification. Joint estimation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) effects in models could improve predictive performance over standard approaches of PRS construction. Here, we implemented computationally efficient, penalized, logistic regression models (lasso, elastic net, stepwise) to individual level genotype data and a Bayesian framework with continuous shrinkage, "select and shrink for summary statistics" (S4), to summary level data for epithelial non-mucinous ovarian cancer risk prediction. We developed the models in a dataset consisting of 23,564 non-mucinous EOC cases and 40,138 controls participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC) and validated the best models in three populations of different ancestries: prospective data from 198,101 women of European ancestries; 7,669 women of East Asian ancestries; 1,072 women of African ancestries, and in 18,915 BRCA1 and 12,337 BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers of European ancestries. In the external validation data, the model with the strongest association for non-mucinous EOC risk derived from the OCAC model development data was the S4 model (27,240 SNPs) with odds ratios (OR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.28-1.48, AUC: 0.588) per unit standard deviation, in women of European ancestries; 1.14 (95% CI: 1.08-1.19, AUC: 0.538) in women of East Asian ancestries; 1.38 (95% CI: 1.21-1.58, AUC: 0.593) in women of African ancestries; hazard ratios of 1.36 (95% CI: 1.29-1.43, AUC: 0.592) in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers and 1.49 (95% CI: 1.35-1.64, AUC: 0.624) in BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers. Incorporation of the S4 PRS in risk prediction models for ovarian cancer may have clinical utility in ovarian cancer prevention programs.

Published
2022

79. Padlocks

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

82. Notes

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

83. References

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

84. Index

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

86. Conclusion

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

97. Write on

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

100. Water

Author

Evans, Malcolm D.

Published
2023

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