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The aim of the paper is to enhance the comprehension of Roberto Campos’sthinking, particularly with regard to his defense of authoritarian regimes, especially theBrazilian military dictatorship. The hypothesis of the work is that the subtle change inCampos’s argument in defense of Brazil’s military coup of 1964 may be related to theknow fact that Campos’s got closer to the thinking of F. A. Hayek during 70’s and 80’s.Hayek’s conception of authoritarian regimes is clarified in the paper, followed by adiscussion by the Review of Political Economy on the subject. Afterwards, there is acontextualization of Roberto Campos’ experience regarding the military dictatorship,accompanied by an exposition of the evolution of his thought and approach of theHayekian approach with regard to authoritarianism and the failures of democracy,which can be interpreted as a case of international diffusion of economic thought., O objetivo do presente trabalho é contribuir com o estudo do pensamentode Roberto Campos, em particular no que diz respeito a sua defesa de regimes autoritários,especialmente a ditadura militar brasileira. A hipótese do trabalho é que a sutilmudança na argumentação que Campos apresentava a respeito do golpe de 1964 podeser relacionada à aproximação do brasileiro com o pensamento de F. A. Hayek. No trabalhoé esclarecida a eventual conveniência de regimes autoritários no pensamentode Hayek. Após, há uma contextualização da experiência de Roberto Campos quantoà ditadura militar brasileira, acompanhada de uma exposição da evolução de seu pensamentoe aproximação da abordagem hayekiana no que diz respeito ao autoritarismoe às falhas da democracia. Por fim, argumenta-se que isso pode ser interpretado comoum caso de difusão internacional do pensamento econômico.

F. A. Hayek published The Road to Serfdom in 1944, so 2019 marks the 75th anniversary of the event. The paper traces how Hayek came to write the book, who his opponents were, and how the book got interpreted by both friends and critics after its publication. Because the book is more typically invoked than read, part of the goal of the paper is to identify and correct some common misperceptions.

The present dissertation deals with the topic of the relationship between political and moral philosophy and the epistemological and methodological arguments of Friedrich August von Hayek. The aim of the dissertation is to defend in general the assertion that Hayek's philosophy is the application of epistemological and methodological positions to moral and political philosophy and that this application is implemented through the continuous process of defining the basic theoretical positions towards philosophical tradition. This general statement is elaborated on in several perspectives. The first perspective puts the concept of knowledge in the forefront, both in the sense of a certain concept of rationality, i.e. the nature of reason and human thinking, and also in the sense of defining the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. The latter follows the development of Hayek's thinking, pointing out the aspects of his philosophy, which are the elaboration of the theories of his predecessors in thought within the Austrian economic school or classical sociology. This perspective also shows that, at a certain stage of his thinking, Hayek considerably moves away from these predecessors, particularly in the context of grasping individualism. The third perspective shows the deeper roots of some of...

Resumo O objetivo do artigo é contribuir com o estudo da abordagem institucional de Hayek ao expor uma classificação de alguns dos conceitos institucionais hayekianos. Para se alcançar tal intento, é argumentado que o estudo de Hayek sobre temas institucionais pode ser visto como uma consequência da preocupação do austríaco em explorar o problema do conhecimento e de coordenação existente na sociedade, bem como um elemento a enriquecer sua crítica ao racionalismo construtivista - com isso, é feito com que o institucionalismo hayekiano se encaixe na trajetória de pesquisa do autor. A seguir, passa-se a uma análise de conceitos institucionais hayekianos, explicando de modo sumário o que o austríaco entendia por ordem, lei, legislação e regras, e propondo uma divisão deste último conceito em regras de conduta, regras de conhecimento tácito, e regras mentais. Abstract The paper aims to contribute to the study of Hayek's institutional approach. For that, it is proposed a classification of some of the Hayekian institutional concepts. Additionally, it is argued that Hayek's focus on institutional issues can be understood as a consequence of his intention to investigate the problem of knowledge and coordination in society, as well as an element to enrich his critique of constructivist rationalism. Then it is made an analysis of some Hayekian institutional concepts, briefly explaining what was his understanding about order, law, legislation and rules, and proposing a classification of the latter concept in rules of conduct, tacit rules, and mental rules.

This dissertation presents the results of research focused on the Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT). The main part of the thesis is an econometrical test of five predictions based on ABCT. I used data on the US economy for period 1967 - 2016, which is the longest time period covered in the Austrian empirical literature so far. Since one of the most important variables for ABCT is so called interest rate gap (the difference between market interest rate and natural interest rate), I use three alternative models of this variable. The results of my empirical tests predominantly confirm theoretical predictions of ABCT. It can be shown that the interest rate gap influenced the relative structure of economic activity and resource allocation in a way predicted by ABCT. I also investigate whether the interest rate gap does have a significant impact on stock market valuations (in terms of aggregate level or relative structure), although the results are mostly statistically insignificant. In addition I also described several possible new distortions which may emerge due to unconventional monetary policy. I argue that these distortions should be of primary interest for researchers engaged in the Austrian research program. I devoted special attention to the specifics of monetary policy regime in Japan, where the Bank of Japan regularly intervenes on the stock market. Another theoretical contribution can be found in the second chapter where I respond to the White's (1999) claim that Hayek implicitly repudiated his own version of ABCT in later part of his career, when proposing free competition in money production. I attempt to show that White's conclusion stems from an inadequate interpretation of Hayek's writings. Finally I provide an alternative interpretation of Hayek's work that reveals the compatibility of his early and late theoretical contributions.

This article offers a revisionist account of certain episodes in the development of F. A. Hayek's thought. It offers a new reading of his 1937 paper, “Economics and Knowledge,” that draws on unpublished lecture notes in which he articulated more fully the distinctions he made in the paper between a “pure logic of choice,” or the economic calculus, and an “empirical element,” which he would later call the competitive market order. Next, the essay shows that Hayek continued to try to develop his ideas about the role of the economic calculus through the 1950s and early 1960s, an effort that has been missed because it never led to any published work. Finally, the article examines Hayek's attempt to articulate a theory of the market process, one that would be at the same level of generality as the economic calculus, in lectures he gave at the University of Virginia. He never developed a full-fledged formal theory, but his failed efforts still bore fruit in leading him to his contributions on spontaneous orders and the (verbal) theory of complex phenomena. This work anticipated contributions by others who were more technically trained.

The paper offers a revisionist account of certain episodes in the development of F. A. Hayek's thought. It offers a new reading of his 1937 paper, "Economics and Knowledge," that draws on unpublished lecture notes in which he articulated more fully the distinctions he made in the paper between a "pure logic of choice," or the economic calculus, and an "empirical element," which he would later call the competitive market order. Next, the paper shows that Hayek continued to try to develop his ideas about the role of the economic calculus through the 1950s and early 1960s, an effort that has been missed because it never led to any published work. Finally, the paper examines Hayek's attempt to articulate a theory of the market process, one that would be at the same level of generality as the economic calculus, in lectures he gave at the University of Virginia. He never developed a full ‐ fledged formal theory, but his failed efforts still bore fruit in leading him to his contributions on spontaneous orders and the (verbal) theory of complex phenomena. This work anticipated contributions by others who were more technically trained.

This paper explores the ways in which c ybernetics influenced the works of F. A. Hayek from the late 1940s onwar d. It shows that the concept of negative feedback, borrowed from cybernetics, was central to Hayek's attempt of giving an explanation of the principle to the emergence of human purposive behavior. Next, the paper discusses Ha yek's later uses of cybernetic ideas in his works on the spontaneous formation of social orders. Finally, Hayek's view on the appropriate scope of the use of cybernetics is considered.

O artigo procura entender a importância do estudo da História do Pensamento Econômico e da existência do pluralismo de metodologias em Economia. Para isso, levanta dois argumentos associados à Escola Austríaca: a abordagem de Kirzner para a descoberta de oportunidades no processo de mercado como analogia ao que acontece na relação entre teoria econômica e História do Pensamento Econômico, e a defesa da liberdade por Hayek como incentivo à chance de variação e fuga do modo convencional de se fazer ciência econômica. Sob uma perspectiva austríaca, tanto a História do Pensamento Econômico quanto o pluralismo metodológico podem ser mais apreciados pela profissão. The paper aims to analyze the role that history of economic thought and methodological pluralism can play in Economics. In order to achieve such a goal, it presents two arguments related to the Austrian School of Economics: the role played by the entrepreneur in Kirzner's approach to the market process as an analogy to what is seen in the history of economic thought, and Hayek's arguments for liberty as a defense of freedom of research and the existence of methodological pluralism. It is argued that, under the Austrian point of view, history of economic thought and methodological pluralism might be more appreciated by economists.

F. A. Hayek took two trips to Chile, the first in 1977, the second in 1981. The visits were controversial. On the first trip he met with General Augusto Pinochet, who had led a coup that overthrew Salvador Allende in 1973. During his 1981 visit, Hayek gave interviews that were published in the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio and in which he discussed authoritarian regimes and the problem of unlimited democracy. After each trip, he complained that the western press had painted an unfair picture of the economic situation under the Pinochet regime. Drawing on archival material, interviews, and past research, we provide a full account of this controversial episode in Hayek’s life.

F. A. Hayek took two trips to Chile, the first in 1977, the second in 1981. The visits were controversial. On the first trip he met with Genera l Augusto Pinochet, who had led a coup that overthrew Salvador Allende in 1973. During his 1981 visit, Ha yek gave interviews that were published in the Chilean newspaper El Mercurio and in which he discussed authoritarian regimes and the problem of unlimited democracy. After each trip, he complained th at the western press had painted an unfair picture of the economic situation under the Pinochet regime. Drawing on archival material, interviews, and past research, we provide a full account of this controversial episode in Hayek's life.

The article aims at investigating how F. A. Hayek’s monetary and business cycle theory implicitly assumes the existence of fundamental uncertainty. In order to achieve such a goal, the authors make a short exposition of the concept of fundamental uncertainty as defined by Dequech in several of his works. Afterwards, the authors expose the Hayekian interpretation on the central role of money and credit on business cycle, on the mechanism of forced saving and on the possibility of falsification of interest rate and the possibility of the economic system to behave away from the equilibrium. It can be said, then, that the price system may not supply the agents with the information that is necessary for the formation of correct expectations and decisions, a key characteristic of fundamental uncertainty., O objetivo do artigo é investigar de que maneira a teoria monetária e dos ciclos de F. A. Hayek deixa implícita a admissão, por este autor, da existência do tipo de incerteza classificado como fundamental. Para isso é feita uma breve exposição das variedades de incerteza segundo classificação de Dequech em alguns de seus trabalhos. Em seguida, passa-se à exposição da visão hayekiana acerca do papel central da moeda e do crédito na determinação do ciclo econômico, da existência do mecanismo da poupança forçada e a real possibilidade de falsificação da taxa de juros e de que o sistema econômico atue fora do equilíbrio. A partir daí se abre o caminho para que o sistema de preços não forneça as informações necessárias à correta formação de expectativas e à tomada de decisão por parte dos agentes, característica central da incerteza fundamental.

In this book some of the world's leading Hayek scholars examine the link in his thought between the purely analytical and a broader vision that could be characterized as political economy.