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Although much has been written in recent years on the emergence of non-binary English linguistic innovations, comparatively little has been written on non-binary French forms, especially neo-morphemes marking non-binary gender on nouns. As French is a grammatical-gender language with a traditionally binary (masculine and feminine) system, many non-binary Francophones have circumvented the social connection between grammatical gender and human gender in innovating new, non-binary markers for animate nouns and their modifiers. This study uses a mixed methods approach, combining analysis of non-binary French grammars alongside interview data in order to highlight the divergent morphological approaches underlying non-binary marking systems. Three approaches to the formation of non-binary nouns are identified: A Compounding Approach, which combines masculine and feminine markers; a Systematic Approach, which phonologically conditions the use of non-binary allomorphs, with the markers themselves ranging from phonologically novel within French syllabic structure, to homophonous with masculine and/or feminine variants; and an Invariable Approach, which applies a single non-binary marker across all nouns. Ultimately, this study disentangles both morphological patterns in the formation of non-binary words and some of the motivations behind them in an emerging French subtype well-known to be heterogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Encyclopédie Grammaticale du Français (EGF) hosted on encyclogram.fr is a project led by Claire Blanche-Benveniste and managed by a committee of nine French-speaking linguists. This project aims to gather descriptive knowledge of current French grammar in an innovative and critically reflective structure. The EGF provides free access to periodically updated and downloadable grammatical syntheses, offering a unique approach to observing linguistic data and facilitating research in French linguistics. With forty notices currently available, the EGF serves as a valuable resource for linguists, researchers, and French language educators, representing a significant milestone in the field of linguistics. [Extracted from the article]

This article is a Christian theological interrogation of the war in the Anglophone region of Cameroon between Cameroon's army and Anglophone separatists who seek separation from Francophone Cameroon. It problematizes a facile understanding of Anglophone identity that places Anglophones on the one side and Francophones on the other, arguing that these identities are complex. It critiques theologies that appear to defend Anglophone separation arguing that these theologies are rooted in an inadequate understanding of liberation theology and a limited doctrine of providence. It proposes an African political theology that calls into question the theological legitimacy of the nation-state and seeks to transcend the binaries that often otherize and separate. This political theology, it is suggested, should have a pan-African and cosmopolitan vision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cette recherche vise l'étude des relations entre le style d'attachement, le soutien social, la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global chez des individus franco-ontariens aux prises avec un TSPT. Cent individus ayant un TSPT ont été recrutés dans une clinique externe de psychiatrie. Les données ont démontré qu'il ne semble pas y avoir d'effet combiné du style d'attachement et du type de soutien social sur la symptomatologie psychotraumatique et le fonctionnement global. Il semblerait toutefois qu'un style d'attachement sécure serait en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un niveau global de fonctionnement plus élevé. De même, il semblerait qu'une quantité adéquate/élevée de soutien social soit en lien avec une moins grande symptomatologie psychotraumatique et un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Une qualité adéquate/élevée de soutien social serait également associée à une symptomatologie psychotraumatique moindre et à un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. Finalement et en considération d'une combinaison quantité et qualité du soutien social, il semblerait que le caractère qualitatif du soutien social soit minimalement nécessaire pour favoriser une plus faible symptomatologie psychotraumatique alors que le caractère quantitatif du soutien social serait minimalement nécessaire pour assurer un meilleur niveau global de fonctionnement. En plus de leurs aspects novateurs, les résultats de cette étude viennent confirmer l'hétérogénéité de la population aux prises avec un TSPT et ouvrent la voie à une prise en charge psychothérapeutique bonifiée. This research aims to study the relationship between attachment style, social support, psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning in Franco-Ontarians with PTSD. One hundred individuals with PTSD were recruited from an outpatient psychiatric clinic. The data demonstrated that there does not appear to be a combined effect of attachment style and social support type on psychotraumatic symptomatology and overall functioning. It would seem, however, that a secure attachment style is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a higher overall level of functioning. Similarly, it would appear that an adequate/high level of social support is associated with less psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Adequate/high quality of social support would also be associated with lower psychotraumatic symptomatology and a better overall level of functioning. Finally, and considering a combination of quantity and quality of social support, it seems that the qualitative character of social support is minimally necessary to promote a weaker psychotraumatic symptomatology, whereas the quantitative nature of social support would be minimally necessary to ensure a better level of social support overall operation. In addition to their innovative aspects, the results of this study confirm the heterogeneity of the population with PTSD and pave the way for enhanced psychotherapeutic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Francophones", "francographes", "francophiles", "francophobes"... What an extraordinary word-formation richness! Not to mention similar words, more complicated and difficult to translate: "francology" (scientific discipline), "francité" ("frenchness"), "francogène" ("of francophone origin"). Although they all contain the same prefix "franco-", all these concepts introduce a sense of inconsistency: for some of them refer to the world of francophony, while others are closely related only to France or its inhabitants. Why? Is it correct and fair? What good/bad comes from this confusion? This is an issue that the author ponders on, without giving obvious answers, but rather provoking to pose further disturbing questions about the identity of contemporary and future francophony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elle se doit, comme en témoigne ce livre, d'être pensée en mettant diverses perspectives francophones et autres en dialogue plutôt qu'en opposition, l'enrichissant et la rendant plus convaincante de ce fait. Dans I Un déclic Gestalt pour la langue française: arguments pour un genre non-binaire i (chapitre 7), Vinay Swamy, professeur de français aux Etats-Unis distingue et explore écriture inclusive et subjectivités non-binaires en tant que résistance au cispatriarcat, arguant que la langue française rend invisible le féminin et le non-binaire, prônant la nécessité de surmonter les défis historiques liés au genre dans cette langue, en vue de créer la possibilité d'une expression neutre ou inclusive en français. Les nombreux exemples de français neutre dans ce chapitre ancrent les possibilités d'écriture neutre dans une nouvelle réalité, ce qui ne sera pas au gout de tous mais démontre qu'il est possible d'innover linguistiquement en faveur d'une langue française non-genrée, ou du moins une langue plus fluide en matière d'expression du genre. [Extracted from the article]

Les programmes avant la covid-19 Notons que bien avant la Covid-19, le programme de littérature et de culture francophone était essentiellement axé sur la littérature africaine en raison du paradigme de la décolonialité lancé par les étudiants en octobre 2015 et défendu par le ministère de l'enseignement sud-africain (Booysen [1]). Pour le cas précis de l'enseignement de la littérature et des cultures francophones africaines, les applications Zoom meeting et WhatsApp se révèlent être de précieux adjuvants à la nouvelle plateforme. Du réajustement de la stratégie de l'enseignement/apprentissage Dès le 21 mars 2020, il advient la décision d'un confinement total marqué par la fermeture de tous les services en Afrique du Sud, excepté les services essentiels comme les pharmacies, les laboratoires, les hôpitaux.... Il débute effectivement le 26 mars 2020. [Extracted from the article]

An interview with Sylviane Dupuis, a former lecturer at the University of Geneva, is presented. Topics include the marginalized position of Swiss Francophone literature, its intertwined relationship with biblical intertexts, and the recurring influence of the Bible despite the authors' often secular stance. It mentions Dupuis delves into the historical and cultural aspects of the Swiss Romande literary tradition, emphasizing its unique narrative style shaped by biblical references.

Relationships with others raise issues of identity and characterize individuals in their behavior with others. These identity issues, which are specific to each society, are sources of the discourse of otherness. In the French-speaking space which, by its essence and in the light of historical facts, reflects otherness, this discourse is reflected in the terms and lexies of topolectal varieties of French. Based on an onomasiological approach, going from definition to words to discover how otherness is presented, this research aims to identify and present the lexical aspect of the discourse of others in a lexicographical corpus from all over the French-speaking world. In other words, this article studies the topolectal speaking of French to find terms used to evoke otherness. Terms such as "French", "European", "foreign", "white" were the object of a first observation given that they constitute the reverses of a discourse of domination in the dichotomy colonizer-colonized against with "aboriginal" "negro" and "black". Through illustrated examples, we demonstrate that different aspects such as physical, geographic, and identity traits are vehicles of this discourse which, axiologically, mainly present the pejorative values attributed to the other. Also, it would seem that colonial memory helps to nourish this vision of the other who stands out from the speakers, whose speech is studied, by his foreign origin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses linguistic change over the lifespan by examining two cases of variation in the speech of the minority Francophone community of Welland, Ontario: (i) consequence markers so, fait que, alors, and donc ("therefore") and (ii) markers of restriction juste, seulement que, (r)ien que, and (ne...) que ("only"). Using two sociolinguistic corpora collected 40 years apart, this paper first examines the impact of social factors on both cases at the community level, revealing that so and juste are rising at the expense of their competitors, and documenting differences in the speed of each rise and in the social marking of the rising variant. Second, it examines whether 12 speakers recorded in both corpora are participating in each rise, revealing important interindividual differences, including, for some, patterns of age‐grading that go against the community trends. Explanations for these patterns are linked to the 12 speakers' sociolinguistic life stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O Phèdre, tu n’es pas sans avoir remarqué dans les discours les plus importants, qu’il s’agisse de politique ou des intérêts particuliers des citoyens, ou encore dans les paroles délicates que l’on doit dire à un amant, lorsque les circonstances sont décisives, – tu as certainement remarqué quel poids et quelle portée prennent les moindres petits mots et les moindres silences qui s’y insèrent. Et moi, qui ai tant parlé, avec le plaisir insatiable de convaincre, je me suis moi-même à la longue convaincu que les plus graves arguments et les démonstrations les mieux conduites avaient bien peu d’effet, sans le secours de ces détails insignifiants en apparence […]. Le réel d’un discours, c’est après tout cette chanson, et cette couleur d’une voix, que nous traitons à tort comme détails et accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented which discusses articles in the issue on topics including, which include content of media aimed at Franco-minority and Anglo-majority populations in Ontario; and use of grammatical and discursive markers in the speech of Francophones from Northeastern Ontario,.

Since the social-political changes of the Quiet Revolution during the 1960s, Québec has experienced much lower birth rates. Until recently, the government of Québec had hoped to compensate for this low fertility by increasing immigration. In 1991, for example, Québec began to administer its own immigration program seeking to admit immigrants who "adapt well to living there." This article aims to determine the extent to which Québec governments have been able to control international migration into the region since the 1991 Canada-Québec Accord. Utilizing a logged-dependent-variable OLS panel model of international migration into Québec from 1991 to 2016, this essay evaluates the impact of independent factors that the government can influence as well as many source- and destination-country control variables. Our regression results suggest that Liberal Party dominance of the Québec government and Québec's 1996 change in migration policy both boosted migration. Effective migration also rose with the percentage of a source region that is Francophone, a proportion the government may presumably influence via admissions policies. We conclude that Québec authorities play a significant role in shaping who actually immigrates. Depuis les changements sociopolitiques de la Révolution tranquille au cours des années 1960, le Québec a connu des taux de natalité beaucoup plus faibles. Jusqu'à récemment, le gouvernement du Québec espérait compenser cette faible fécondité en augmentant l'immigration. En 1991, donc, le Québec a commencé à administrer son propre programme d'immigration visant à accueillir des immigrés qui « s'adaptent bien à y vivre ». Cet article vise à déterminer dans quelle mesure les gouvernements du Québec ont pu contrôler la migration internationale vers la région depuis l'Accord Canada-Québec de 1991. À l'aide d'un modèle de panel MCO à variable dépendante logée de la migration internationale au Québec de 1991 à 2016, cet essai évalue l'impact de facteurs indépendants que le gouvernement peut influencer ainsi que de nombreuses variables de contrôle des pays d'origine et de destination. Nos résultats de régression suggèrent que les gouvernements PLQ et le changement de politique migratoire en 1996 ont tous deux stimulé la migration. La migration effective a également augmenté avec le pourcentage francophone d'une région d'origine, une proportion que le gouvernement peut vraisemblablement influencer par le biais de politiques d'admission. Nous concluons que les autorités québécoises jouent un rôle important dans la détermination des flux de migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ghana has become home to many migrants from Francophone countries due to educational, professional, economic, and socio-political factors, among others. These factors also interact well with the country's strategic location within the sub-region. As a result, migrants seek access to various public services including healthcare. However, language tends to be a barrier to their pursuit of quality healthcare. Based on the Communication Accommodation Theory (CAT) of Giles, the paper examines the implications of language barrier on Francophone migrants' access to healthcare in Ghana and highlights how the migrant patients and health personnel perceive and deal with the barriers during consultations. The study uses qualitative methods, including key informant interviews and participant observation to gather data from three border towns and one referral hospital in the capital of Ghana. Findings reveal that health personnel and patients from francophone countries, when communicating during the health care process, demonstrate the use of convergence/accommodation and divergence/non-accommodation or divergence. On the whole, the practices and experiences that demonstrate convergence produce better health experiences and outcomes for both the patients and the health personnel while those that show divergence have a negative experience and outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that Québec occupies a culturally exceptional position in many respects that sets it apart from the 'rest of Canada' as not only from a historical perspective, but also when looking at the present. Topics include considered that Québec represents the largest contiguous Francophone language community in North America, which, despite the overwhelming dominance of English language.

To curb the spread of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the federal government and the federated entities of Belgium suspended all face‐to‐face learning starting 14 March, 2020. A continuity of learning was to be ensured by teachers through distance‐learning. However, teaching during the confinement period was complicated for teachers: the respect for policies and rules differs from one teacher to another and there has been a lack of follow‐up on online learning for some learners. The purpose of this article is to contribute to initial responses to the vast question of educational inequalities created and exacerbated during the crisis. More particularly, this article provides a situational analysis of some potential causes for inequalities in primary and secondary schools and identifies differences between the two education levels. Our analysis draws on responses from almost 500 teachers participating in a large‐scale survey in the French speaking Community of Belgium. The analysis focuses on teaching practices and observations made by teachers during the confinement period. Various factors contributing to inequalities are identified as well as differences between the two levels of education. Relevant factors include the technological equipment available to students, and the use of pedagogical practices such as differentiation and Remediation‐Consolidation‐Surpassing (RCS). After confinement, at the beginning of the 2020–2021 school year, teachers have faced more diverse classes, with learners who have experienced very different confinement situations. In light of our analysis of survey responses, we highlight the role of the technological equipment used by the teacher as a factor that increases inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the mid-1930s, migration from the French colonies had brought Afro-intellectuals into the heart of political and artistic conversations in the metropoles of Europe and had created imbricated spaces of heated debate. Coming from various nations in Africa and the Americas, the interlocutors in these debates grappled with their fraught relationship to imperial centres while addressing questions specific to their diverse national contexts and racialized realities. The declarations they made and conclusions they drew were scrutinized by multiple, and at times antagonistic publics. This article chronicles a fascinating instance of such networked literary polemics: the 1955–1956 Présence Africaine 'Debate on National Poetry'. It offers a close look at the intellectual and political underpinnings of this fraught exchange between celebrated Martinican poet-statesman Aimé Césaire and then-militant socialist Haitian poet René Depestre as a means of understanding how twentieth-century intellectual and artistic movements in Europe presented real challenges to prominent figures in the (imminently post-)colonial francophone world. Depestre's uncomfortable positioning reflects the larger quandary facing Afro-diasporic intellectuals and artists called on to navigate identities that reflected their political commitments and the expectations of their white allies, on the one hand, and their racial identifications, on the other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conformity to masculine norms has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes. Its valid assessment among subgroups of the population is therefore a crucial step in the investigation of intercultural variability in the enactment of masculinity, as well as its causes, costs, and benefits. The present pilot study aimed to adapt and conduct a preliminary validation of a French version of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory (CMNI-22), a self-report questionnaire designed to assess overall conformity to male gender standards. The French adaptation of the CMNI-22 (CanFr-CMNI-22) was developed using a forward-backward translation process. The data from a sample of 57 Canadian French men (23–81 years old), collected at two time points 2 weeks apart, were then analyzed to investigate the psychometric properties and factor structure of the CanFr-CMNI-22. Findings indicated adequate internal reliability of the global scores and highly satisfactory test–retest reliability. Correlations with the Male Role Norms Inventory-Short Form (MRNI-SF) at both time points also showed strong convergent validity. Overall, the CanFr-CMNI-22 appears to be a reliable and valid instrument to assess conformity to traditional masculine gender norms in French-speaking men from the general population. This study is a key step in a research process aiming to validate the Canadian French version of the CMNI and contributes to enhance inclusive research and clinical care to foster men's health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The medium of instruction (MoI) is pivotal for students learning in multilingual context. • The MoI can create learning inequalities among students' groups. • Rural students tend to benefit from bilingual MoI, especially in mathematics. • The educational context plays a role in the effect of MoI on learning. In multilingual settings, selecting a medium of instruction (MoI) has been widely debated. While proponents advocate for using the official MoI, others support using the mother tongue or adopting bilingual/multilingual MoI. Despite the potential for each MoI model to contribute to learning inequalities among students, there needs to be more evidence regarding the specific categories of students and contextual factors involved. This study focuses on fourteen French-speaking Sub-Saharan African countries (Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Gabon, Guinea, Madagascar, Niger, Senegal, and Togo) to investigate disparities in learning outcomes between students exposed to the official MoI and those exposed to a bilingual/multilingual MoI. Leveraging data from PASEC 2019, the study employs Residualized Quantile Regression (RQR) as its analytical method. The findings indicate that each MoI model may result in learning outcome disparities, with the extent of inequality varying according to students' performance levels (low, average, or high achievers). Additionally, these disparities are influenced by factors such as the student's urban or rural residence and the specific characteristics of the educational system in place. These findings underscore the importance of developing language-in-education policies that consider students' characteristics (e.g., ability) and contextual factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem addressed in this article is related to the difficulties observed in the causal connectors in ELE learners of proficiency level A2 and B1 with French, German and English L1. To do this, a study is carried out in the areas of Corpus of Learners in computational format (Computer Learner Corporation, CLC) and Computer Aided Error Analysis. The variables considered correspond to the trend of use of causal connectors and the identification of causal errors according to the level of competence A2 and B1 and the mother tongue of the learners. From the CAELE corpus, a subcorpus of sentences with causal connectors has been delimited, made up of 1,578 textual sentences of Anglo-Saxon, French-speaking and German learners of ELE. The main objectives are to determine the frequencies of correct use and the frequencies of errors in the use of grounds. The results show a greater use of the causal connector because with 87% in both levels. The other causes follow with a percentage of 2% each: the causal connector as, the conjunctive phrases due to and since, the prepositive phrases thanks to that and because the conjunctive phrase since, the causal connector then and the phrase prepositive by + infinitive with 1%. The connector because it was searched with 3 different forms of writing: why; because. However, in terms of its functionality in all contexts of use, it turned out to express a causal relationship. Regarding the mother tongue, the German learners, unlike the other learners, were the ones who presented the greatest problems in terms of the use of causal connectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Bandes dessinées (BD), which are an integral part and expression of Francophone culture. Topics discussed include range of options for multi-channel learning and heterogeneity-sensitive work; focus on text-type-specific learning in French lessons using BD; and coming-of-age story that combines broad-based topics such as first love, friendship, growing up, depression and digital transformation processes.

RÉSUMÉ: Dans cette contribution, nous analysons un corpus de chansons ayant accédé à la première place de classements musicaux réalisés pour la France entre 1956 et 2017. Cette base de données nous permet de nous questionner sur le type d'oralité que produit l'industrie du disque francophone. Si les chansons présentent des caractéristiques conceptionnelles relevant de la distance (Koch et Oesterreicher, 2001), quelques traits linguistiques relevés sont pourtant illustratifs d'une proximité conceptionnelle. Nous nous intéressons plus particulièrement aux liaisons dans les chansons, à leur possible réalisation dans ces productions préparées en comparaison avec des corpus spontanés ou de locuteurs professionnels, aux liaisons variables (que nous considérons comme une marque de distance) et à l'évolution diachronique de leur réalisation. Pour mener à bien cette analyse, nous avons utilisé un outil facilitant l'étude sur corpus des liaisons, que nous présenterons. C'est surtout la réalisation de certaines liaisons variables, comme après suis, étais ou jamais, plus spécifiquement réalisées dans notre corpus, qui concourt au caractère distant de ces productions langagières. Au fil du temps, la réalisation des liaisons variables a diminué dans les chansons, par exemple après est ou préposition, les rapprochant de productions relevant de la proximité. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé: La mise en scène du langage parlé est un élément central de la bande dessinée: les discours directs des protagonistes sont non seulement visuellement représentés par des bulles, mais leur langage se caractérise souvent aussi par les marques phonologiques et morpho-syntaxiques typiques de l'oral afin d'évoquer l'immédiat communicatif. Cet article se propose ainsi d'étudier, sur le plan phonologique, des phénomènes tels que les élisions, les aphérèses et même certaines marques prosodiques ainsi que, sur le plan morphosyntaxique, entre autres l'omission du ne de négation, les dislocations et l'absence du il impersonnel. On s'interrogera notamment sur les convergences entre l'oralité fictive des bandes dessinées et les résultats des études de l'oralité basées sur des corpus authentiques. L'analyse s'appuie sur un corpus de deux bandes dessinées francophones, comprenant un tome respectivement des séries Astérix et Titeuf. L'étude est basée sur une grille inspirée, entre autres, par la catégorisation des phénomènes de l'immédiat communicatif par Koch et Oesterreicher (2011) et complétée de manière inductive (corpus-driven). L'article montre que les deux sous-corpus révèlent des stratégies d'oralisation divergentes: alors que dans Astérix, on trouve un grand nombre de phénomènes phonologiques suprasegmentaux représentés, notamment au niveau de la typographie, Titeuf privilégie l'utilisation de marques morphosyntaxiques ainsi que de certains phénomènes phonologiques segmentaux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study examined the effects of Speech Intelligibility Treatment (SIT) on intelligibility and naturalness of narrative speech produced by francophone children with dysarthria due to cerebral palsy. Method: Ten francophone children with dysarthria were randomized to one of two treatments, SIT or Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities, a physical therapy (PT) treatment. Both treatments were conducted in a camp setting and were comparable in dosage. The children were recorded pre- and posttreatment producing a story narrative. Intelligibility was measured by means of 60 blinded listeners' orthographic transcription accuracy (percentage of words transcribed correctly). The listeners also rated the children's naturalness on a visual analogue scale. Results: A significant pre- to posttreatment increase in intelligibility was found for the SIT group, but not for the PT group, with great individual variability observed among the children. No significant changes were found for naturalness ratings or sound pressure level in the SIT group or the PT group posttreatment. Articulation rate increased in both treatment groups, although not differentially across treatments. Conclusions: Findings from this first treatment study on intelligibility in francophone children with dysarthria suggest that SIT shows promise for increasing narrative intelligibility in this population. Acoustic contributors to the increased intelligibility remain to be explored further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population aging, the increase in the proportion of people aged 65 and over in the general population, is a global phenomenon and will intensify even more. Such a reality represents a challenge to society with regard to living conditions, more specifically health. The social determinants of health, defined in general terms as the living and working conditions of the population, is an important concept in this discussion. Financial insecurity, low levels of education, isolation, loneliness, among others, are examples of elements that make up this complex reality. Such precarious living conditions tend to manifest itself more intensely in a context of linguistic minority. Canada officially has two languages, but French speakers are considered a linguistic minority throughout Canada, except for the province of Quebec. The aim of this study is to analyze the inequality between the income and education levels of French-speaking elderly people in a linguistic minority situation, in relation to English-speaking elderly people in Ontario, Canada, based on data from the 2016 Canadian Census. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of postcolonial literary studies, representations of concrete forms of mobility have not received the critical attention they deserve. This is partly due to the field's reductive understanding of "mobility" as a synonym for migration. In order to enhance dialogue between postcolonial literary studies and mobilities research, this article focuses on representations of aeromobility in the context of Afroeuropean student mobilities in a set of Francophone African novels from the 1980s to the 2010s. My reading of scenes of aeromobility in the text corpus draws attention to the anxious aspects of the air travel of unaccustomed travelers and African newcomers traveling to the former colonial center, and explores the formal functions of representations of aeromobility in terms of narrative structures and tropes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DeCuir's victories at the trial-court and Louisiana's Supreme Court set the stage for the U.S. Supreme Court case, which fell into the hands of conservative Chief Justice Morrison Waite. The Journey to Separate but Equal: Madame DeCuir's Quest for Racial Justice in the Reconstruction Era. [Extracted from the article]

Many literary scholars note that francophone African writers can be classified into four distinct movements, each pushing a distinct literary and political agenda (Philippe 32–3). The pioneer generation served the propagandist needs of colonialism; the Négritude writers asserted and promoted an African identity; the writers of decolonization criticized colonization while highlighting the failures of the newly independent states; and, lastly, there is the group which Abdourahman Waberi dubs the "transcontinental generation" (Thomas 20), which holds a hybridizing stance and discourse with regards to identities. One flaw with this categorization is that it locks those writers in an academic paradigm and hinders the reading of permeability, mobility, and dialogue not only among these African authors, but also between their works and hegemonic literatures. I argue against this Manichean division of postcolonial productions by analyzing the conversation between two Senegalese writers from different eras. I compare Ousmane Sembène's "La Noire de ..." (Voltaïque 1962) to Fatou Diome's short stories "Le Visage de l'emploi" and "Cunégonde à la bibliothèque" (La Préférence nationale 2001). I analyze the intertextuality between these texts to show that Diome's short stories update the dreams and expectations of the postcolonial migrant worker as expressed by Sembène. Then, I investigate the dialogue between the two writers in their migrant maids' critique of their oppressive and dehumanizing plight in France. Finally, I address how the two writers offer overlapping and competing means of resistance to dehumanization while asserting the subaltern's identities and humanity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Popular literary forms have experienced a remarkable vitality in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. While it is difficult to define popular literature, it is necessary to recognize within Francophone literature the existence of types of texts that escape the attention of both discursive and institutional practices of legitimization, texts that are consigned to the margins of the dominant literary canon. In fact, these texts transgress the conventions of these literary "sub-genres," such as detective novels, dime novels, exoticist novels, novels of manners, as well as graphic novels or comics. The success of Zamenga Batukezanga (1933–2000), still the most widely read and recognized writer in the DRC, as well as the recent rise of comic book writer Jérémie Nsingi, the author of many fanzines and small-run comic strips, reflect how these genres reconstruct canons and illustrate the emergence of a popular social imaginary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of British Journal of Canadian Studies is the property of Liverpool University Press / Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Paris claims to stand for the whole of France, and sometimes the whole Francophone world. A heavy responsibility therefore lies upon it to represent Francophone identity in the best possible way. Through looking at ways of remembering and memorialising events in French history, we can see the extent to which this is, and has been, successful over time. This article analyses a selection of Parisian monuments and sites of memory through a framework of memory studies and cultural memory, notably Pierre Nora and the postcolonial critique of his work, to investigate the ways in which Francophone identity is manifested and contested in the capital city. The article presents and assesses the Catacombs, the Panthéon, the Mémorial des Martyrs de la Déportation, the Mémorial national de la guerre d'Algérie et des combats du Maroc et de la Tunisie, and the Place de la République, one of France's longest-standing living memorials, to examine the expression of transnational or multifaceted Francophone identity, and the politics of memory through monuments and memorials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]