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Guava is a nutritious and profitable high-yield crop. Guava root-knot nematode (GRKN), M. enterolobii Yang & Eisenback, 1983 (= M. mayaguensis Rammah & Hirschmann, 1988), cause detrimental damage in guava orchards in more than 15 countries. Fifteen guava orchards in Homestead, Florida, were randomly sampled to check for potential plant-parasitic nematode damage to the trees. The guava RKN, M. enterolobii, was detected in 80% of the sampled orchards, causing damage to white and pink guava. Morphological and molecular analyses confirmed the identification of nematode species, and the host pathogenicity test showed the guava's susceptibility to M. enetrolobii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the tensions and reconfigurations that operate between illegalization, temporary borders and daily life of Haitians in Argentina, in connection with larger regional processes linked to the political government of Caribbean and African "extrarregional" migration in the recent South American context. I argue that the control over the modes of "permanence" of migrants of Haitian origin in Argentina represents a paradigmatic case that allows exposing regional trends in progress during the 2010s, based on the political exclusion of the refuge, the existence of differential criteria of residence, the reinforcement of illegalization mechanisms and the multiplication of temporary borders. In addition, I maintain that one of the main manifestations of these political processes is the "legal intermittency" referring to the conflictive and changing dynamics that is established between legal-political practices, temporary experiences of control and negotiation strategies of the subjects. The article adopts a qualitative methodological approach that includes, firstly, a documentary analysis of regulations and policies implemented at the regional level during the 2010s on Caribbean and African migration in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador. Second, a participant observation and interviews conducted with migrants of Haitian origin between 2017 and 2019 in two cities in Argentina. I conclude that the link between legal borders and temporary borders constitutes a key aspect to understand both the political-administrative realities of the "new" migrations in the South American context, as well as the historically situated ways in which "configurations of illegality" permeate the projects of life and forms of resistance of specific national and social groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the February 2022 invasion of Ukraine by Russia, millions of refugees have fled Ukraine for safety in neighbouring countries, including Poland. This movement of people has been facilitated by, and has produced, documentation that will have significant afterlives as evidence and memory. The records refugees have carried with them, the records they have made during flight, and the records created in their encounters with states and communities beyond their homeland, will be important in the prosecution of war crimes, the reconstruction of events, the reconstitution of communities and the protection of rights and entitlements. This article sets out the findings of a pilot study into the documentary experiences of Ukrainian refugees in Poland. Interviews conducted by and with Ukrainian refugees consider the removal of records, the documentation of the refugee experience, the documentary requirements of border crossings, and the informational requirements of life beyond the border. Although drawing on a limited study population, the research surfaces some significant issues related to the preservation of memory and culture, exclusionary and hostile government information systems, and research ethics. This article could help to inform archival solidarity with Ukraine; it underscores the need for trauma-informed archival research and practice; and finally suggests the need for a person-centered approach to this work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With a focus on Jhumpa Lahiri’s Interpreter of Maladies, this research investigates the intricate existence of Indian women caught up in the conventional marginalization at the hands of patriarchy in their home country and repressions of otherness across new borders. By employing Gloria Anzaldua’s concept of “balancing dualities and fusing opposites”, I analyze Lahiri’s text in order to explore how, oscillating between displacement and resettlement, gendered identities are formed in the in-between space of acceptance across borders. Border crossing is mostly embedded in the experiences of displacement, alienation, and longing for belonging. Diasporic experiences are heterogeneous in articulating the loss and pains of dislocation, uprootedness, and struggles of immigrants to territorialize across new borders. This study explores the diverse experiences of diasporic women in the confrontation of the opposite borders of old and new and scrutinizes how they make their lives meaningful in their respective situations. In this paper, I argue that life across borders offers an in-between space for doubly marginalized women by resisting the hierarchical patterns at home and abroad and balancing these dualities in the liminal space between two cultures. Moreover, this cross-border life also strives towards fusing cultural opposites in the space of un/belonging through strategic resistance and resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of China's rural homestead withdrawal policy has been a topic of great interest in recent years. However, little is known about its impact on farmers' homestead withdrawal behavior from the perspective of psychological resilience. This study aims to evaluate the impact of psychological resilience on farmers' homestead withdrawal behavior and to explore its mechanism and heterogeneity, as well as its impact on compensation choices. The research data was collected through a survey of 657 rural households in Shaanxi and Shandong provinces. The probit model and mediation effect model were used to analyze the data. The results demonstrate that psychological resilience positively affects farmers' homestead withdrawal behavior; this finding is robust. Specifically, the positive influence of stability and adaptability dimensions of psychological resilience is more significant. Moreover, the effect of psychological resilience varies across different family life cycles, and it has a stronger promoting effect on the homestead withdrawal behavior of child-raising families. Mechanism analysis indicates that psychological resilience can promote homestead withdrawal behavior by reducing farmers' land dependence consciousness and improving farmers' risk preferences. Finally, farmers with strong psychological resilience are more inclined to choose cash compensation. Based on these findings, this paper proposes targeted policy recommendations for rural homestead system reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is very significant for rural planning to accurately count the number and area of rural homesteads by means of automation. The development of deep learning makes it possible to achieve this goal. At present, many effective works have been conducted to extract building objects from VHR images using semantic segmentation technology, but they do not extract instance objects and do not work for densely distributed and overlapping rural homesteads. Most of the existing mainstream instance segmentation frameworks are based on the top-down structure. The model is complex and requires a large number of manually set thresholds. In order to solve the above difficult problems, we designed a simple query-based instance segmentation framework, QueryFormer, which includes an encoder and a decoder. A multi-scale deformable attention mechanism is incorporated into the encoder, resulting in significant computational savings, while also achieving effective results. In the decoder, we designed multiple groups, and used a Many-to-One label assignment method to make the image feature region be queried faster. Experiments show that our method achieves better performance (52.8AP) than the other most advanced models (+0.8AP) in the task of extracting rural homesteads in dense regions. This study shows that query-based instance segmentation framework has strong application potential in remote sensing images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revitalizing idle rural residential bases is essential for improving the utilization rate of residential resources, activating pastoral land resources assets, increasing farmers' property income, and stimulating rural development vitality. Social capital is one of the essential social resources owned by farmers, which is closely related to rural social governance and farmers' daily lives and plays an indispensable role in revitalizing residential land. Based on the theory of social capital and the survey data of 316 farm households in Shaanxi Province in 2022, this study first empirically analyzes the influencing factors of social capital and its constituent dimensions on farm households' willingness to revitalize their home-steads using a Logit regression model, and then empirically analyzes the hierarchical structure relationship among the influencing factors using an ISM model. The results of the study show that: (1) Social capital and its three constituent dimensions of social network ("Contact with relatives, neighbors, and families" and "Contact with village committee staff"), social trust ("Trust in friends and relatives" and "Trust in village committee and other organizations"), and social participation ("Participation in meetings of village committees and other organizations") have significant positive effects on farmers' willingness to revitalize their residential land. (2) There are differences in the effects of different dimensions of social capital on farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads: social trust as a deep-seated cause affects farmers' social networks and social participation, which in turn affects farmers' knowledge of homestead revitalization policies and ultimately farmers' willingness to revitalize their homesteads. Based on the findings of the study, to improve farmers' willingness to revitalize their homestead bases, government departments should base their efforts on the social capital characteristics of farmers, increase the cultivation of farmers' social capital, and strengthen the publicity of the work of revitalizing homestead bases and related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geoheritage importance of the stones used in the construction of buildings in urban landscapes has been documented by several scholars around the world. Building stones can provide an ex situ cross-section of a region's geodiversity and illuminate its cultural significance. Research at the historic Maxey Homestead (1902–1907), located along the eastern escarpment of the Southern High Plains near Post, Texas, has uncovered a rock collection gathered from local sources. In addition, rocks from the eastern escarpment were used to construct and decorate a house in 1938 (~9 km to the north) after the Maxeys moved from their original homestead. A combination of GIS and 3D mapping using an unmanned aerial vehicle were used to assess and analyze the geodiversity significance of the rock collection and rock-decorated house. Rock collecting and the use of local stones in building construction provide insights into the geodiversity of the Southern High Plains' eastern escarpment and the historical geoheritage of northwest Texas in the early 20th century. The results of this study also demonstrate the importance of examining non-urban and historical landscapes for elucidating the significance of geodiversity to past peoples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As young technologists, we often start our careers searching for mentors or role models who can guide us as we navigate our career choices. As mentees, we often do not have insights into our mentors’ background and history—and thus may not appreciate the source of the wisdom they impart. The importance of mentorship is just one of many lessons learned from the life and career of Mildred “Millie” Dresselhaus described in Carbon Queen by Mia Weinstock. The book is a very readable account of an amazing individual whose life and career can be an inspiration to many aspiring scientists and engineers—particularly women. The book mixes the human side of Millie’s story and manages to weave in a few understandable technical principles that help the reader understand her contributions to the scientific community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Jureit's book is a solid German-language introduction to battle reenactment, it is out of step with recent public history scholarship on reenactment and living history. Historians have grappled with how to address reenactment as a form of popular and public history since its inception. [Extracted from the article]

In China, rural homesteads are strategic elements for coordinating the people and land resources relationship between urban and rural regions and are powerful means for increasing the property income of farmers. The rural homestead transfer issue has always concerned policymakers. In this paper, the risk system theory framework is employed to identify risk source (risk perception), risk control (the control measures and institutions), and risk receptor (farmers' characteristics) to explore farmers' intentions towards rural homestead transfer from the perspective of first- and second-order observation. The results demonstrate that farmers' intentions are significantly affected by risk source from first-order observation, and risk control and risk receptor from second-order observation. The heterogeneity of outcomes is examined by grouping of ages and regions of sampled farmers. It is suggested that the risk perception needs of farmers should be respected, land tenure of rural homesteads should be tightly protected, and farmers' characteristics should be of great concern. Moreover, more attention should be paid to idle homesteads, and full advantage taken of rural resources to develop featured rural industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to advancing urbanization is to promote the urban integration of numerous migrant workers. Two stages of decision making are involved for migrant workers, including residence (staying in cities) and settlement (transferring hukou into cities). The homestead is a necessity for migrant workers to keep their "peasant" status, which will further affect migrant workers' identification with cities and influence their decision making towards urbanization. This paper uses data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey (CMDS), through the coarsened exact matching (CEM) method and the analysis of mediation effects, to estimate how homesteads influence migrant workers' urbanization intention and how the sense of identity serves as a mediator variable in this mechanism. Empirical results show that the ownership of homesteads is negatively correlated with migrant workers' urbanization intention. Migrant workers with homesteads are 1.2% less likely to stay and 4.4% less likely to settle down in cities compared with their counterparts who do not have a homestead. In addition, identity plays a mediating role in the influence mechanism of homesteads on migrant workers' urbanization intention. That is, the homestead has an indirect effect on migrant workers' willingness to stay and settle down in cites through the sense of identity, aside from its direct effects. The mediation effect accounts for 20.87% of the total effect for willingness to stay and 25.63% of the total effect for willingness to settle down. This paper also represents how these coefficients vary by different regions and migration distances. Therefore, policymakers should provide institutional support for correctly guiding migrant workers to "abandon their land and enter the city" and strengthen their sense of identity to the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cross-border use of health services is an important aspect of life in border regions. Little is known about the cross-border use of health services in neighboring low- and middle-income countries. Understanding use of health services in contexts of high cross-border mobility, such as at the Mexico-Guatemala border, is crucial for national health systems planning. This article aims to describe the characteristics of the cross-border use of health care services by transborder populations at the Mexico-Guatemala border, as well as the sociodemographic and health-related variables associated with use. Methods: Between September-November 2021, we conducted a cross-sectional survey using a probability (time-venue) sampling design at the Mexico-Guatemala border. We conducted a descriptive analysis of cross-border use of health services and assessed the association of use with sociodemographic and mobility characteristics by means of logistic regressions. Results: A total of 6,991 participants were included in this analysis; 82.9% were Guatemalans living in Guatemala, 9.2% were Guatemalans living in Mexico, 7.8% were Mexicans living in Mexico, and 0.16% were Mexicans living in Guatemala. 2.6% of all participants reported having a health problem in the past two weeks, of whom 58.1% received care. Guatemalans living in Guatemala were the only group reporting cross-border use of health services. In multivariate analyses, Guatemalans living in Guatemala working in Mexico (compared to not working in Mexico) (OR 3.45; 95% CI 1.02,11.65), and working in agriculture/cattle, industry, or construction while in Mexico (compared to working in other sectors) (OR 26.67; 95% CI 1.97,360.85), were associated with cross-border use. Conclusions: Cross-border use of health services in this region is related to transborder work (i.e., circumstantial use of cross-border health services). This points to the importance of considering the health needs of migrant workers in Mexican health policies and developing strategies to facilitate and increase their access to health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using CHFS data and quantile regression method, this study empirically analyzes the impact of current homestead housing on rural household financial asset allocation in China. The main findings are as followings: The homestead housing system effectively protects the residential rights and interests of rural residents, but it is constrained by the system and fails to give full play to the investment value; Only on the premise of meeting the needs of family mobility, homestead housing can effectively play the wealth effect; In the family risk portfolio, homestead housing and risk financial asset allocation are mutually exclusive; In private lending, the impact of homestead housing on the provision of loans is more complex, but not always statistically significant; The impact of homestead housing on family financial asset allocation shows obvious heterogeneity and differentiation. Further releasing the liquidity of homestead housing, enriching the level of rural financial products and services, and encouraging rural families to appropriately participate in venture financial asset investment are the reform direction to improve the welfare level of rural families and optimize the allocation of family assets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

European settler colonies are often thought to have been characterised by a continued expansion of the landed frontier, which impacted the distribution of wealth across their settler populations. Hampered by a lack of data, few studies have been able to study this in depth. How does settlement timing affect wealth and wealth accumulation when frontier expansion is not a smooth, continuous process? Was it the case that pioneers reaped greater economic benefits from locating their farms on superior land, or would they be disadvantaged compared with later arrivals owing to limited infrastructure or greater risk of conflict with indigenous populations? In this paper, we use a unique dataset that allows us to analyse the link between time of arrival and wealth accumulation in a colonial agrarian frontier society: the Graaff‐Reinet district in South Africa's Cape Colony between 1786 and 1850. We find that those who arrived early located their farms in the more climatologically suitable areas of the district and utilised their superior lands to accumulate wealth more quickly than latecomers. However, owing to institutional changes that favoured later British arrivals, we also show that the existence of an early‐arrival premium did not mean persistence in land ownership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article proposes to discuss the psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the triple border (Argentina/Brazil/Paraguay), with a special focus on the black population. Considering the analytical potential existing in the condition of life in a border region, in this article, we face the processes around mental health and psychic suffering and their unfolding in cross-border health discourses and practices. The essay intends to answer the question of how racism is expressed in mental health, and it does so in two movements; Initially, it problematizes the health indicators of the black population in the context of the pandemic and, at the same time, reinforces that a significant part of the health indicators are worked without the cut of race/color and this is not by mere chance, it is part of the necropolitical strategy (Mbembe, 2018) to make historical, social and political plots of racism invisible. From this point on, the aspects related to psychic suffering and mental health during the pandemic are discussed to demonstrate how the quarantine strategy adopted at the triple border was to take care of bourgeois whiteness. The point of arrival is a reflection on mental health linked to a conception not limited to psi knowledge, that is, psychology, psychoanalysis, and psychiatry, knowledge that is hegemonic in the understanding that we have historically built around mental health. But, on the other hand, it presents itself with a conception of mental health that starts from the totality, the contradictions, and the historicity of the people who live in this border region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: plastination is an anatomical technique for the preservation of biological tissues whose principle is the replacement of body fluids by a curable polymer. Plastination with silicone, one of the polymers that can be used in this process, allows the conservation of tissue fragments, whole organs, and even large animals. The literature lacks detailed protocols for silicone plastination of sliced full human body. In this sense, the main objective of the work was to execute the first plastination of a full and sectioned human body in Latin America and detail the entire process. For this, a male cadaver with a length of approximately 1.65 meters and aged between 60 and 65 years was selected. The cadaver was part of the collection of the anatomy sector at the Federal University of Espirito Santo. The following steps were then taken to obtain the slices from the human body: positioning of the cadaver previously fixed in an anatomical position, its freezing, slicing, and the cleaning of the cuts. After that, the standard protocol for plastination was performed: dehydration in acetone, forced impregnation with silicone and curing. As a result, a total of 192 slices were plastinated. These slices were dry, odorless, non-toxic, manageable, easy to maintain and are being used in practical anatomy classes for healthcare degrees and for exhibitions at the Life Sciences Museum (MCV - Museu de Ciências da vida) at the Federal University of Espirito Santo in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hidden from view, underneath the tourism landscape of the California redwoods, is a genocidal settler colonial history of warfare, massacres, and forced removal of Native Americans from their ancestral lands. This history has been ignored in the touristic narrative of people and place presented by a redwoods attraction in northern California, which are rife with unacknowledged histories and geographies of violence. Framed by scholarship on violent geographies in tourism development, this study shows how redwoods tourism has erased Indigenous people and history from the landscape, and how new 'power-laden' tourism imaginaries have been created in their place. The new tourism narrative is found in the spatial layout, interpretive signage, exhibits, website, museum of Native American artifacts, and interpretive trails in a roadside attraction called Trees of Mystery. Secondary historical literature and maps of local Yurok ancestral territory and land ownership construct a counter-narrative of the site's geography and history. Findings reveal a fanciful settler colonial history highlighting heroic male loggers on the 'frontier', and representations of ingenious Native Americans as historic people who produced beautiful tools, clothing and artwork but are now defeated, dead, and exotic. In fact, white settlers, backed by the U.S. Army and local militias, appropriated and logged Native American redwood lands, and in doing so massacred resident Yurok People and forced the survivors from their traditional territories. Conversely, the Yurok People have been reclaiming ancestral lands, reviving cultural practices, and resisting settler colonialism from the early 1800s to the present-day. Across the Americas, countless other settler colonial tourism sites like these sit upon violent geographies. Unearthing the hidden geography of this particular site shows how decolonizing research might be undertaken at other tourism sites situated on stolen Indigenous lands in the U.S. and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of cross‐border workers (CBWs) and the difficulties they face during the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic have been neglected in previous research. CBWs experience various stressors under normal circumstances, where they are often subjected to unequal working conditions and forced to transition between two different societies. The measures that were introduced in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic, including the implementation of physical borders, further worsened the situation for these individuals. Herein, we draw on qualitative interview data from 35 CBWs from the Czech Republic and Germany to explore their experiences of work, stress, support, and their positioning in society during the pandemic. We detail the dissatisfaction felt by CBWs regarding re‐bordering, the lack of coordination in the crisis management, and the lack of support from national governments and the EU. This study provides unique insights into the difficulties and experiences of CBWs in a time of crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poem "Poetry Again, Confronts Death by Rafael Campo is presented. First Line: Poetry can help physicians in many ways at the; Last Line: Never again did you wake.

With the outflow of the rural population, the functions of rural homesteads in China have undergone transformation, leading to the reform of the rural homestead system. Strengthening investigations into rural homestead-use behaviours of self-occupation and transfer, considering the trend of rural transformation and the reform of rural homestead, are vital to providing adequate support to formulate and implement targeted institutions responsible for rural homestead use. Based on survey and questionnaire data from 299 villages in China in 2022, this paper addresses the characteristics of rural homestead-use from the perspectives of homestead self-occupation and transfer. The factors of both farmer households and villages were recognised using a hierarchical Logit model. The results revealed the following. First, household self-occupation played the dominant role in the state of rural homestead use in China, with the accompaniment of a low proportion of transfer in non-self-occupation homesteads. The proportions of self-occupation and transfer were found to vary significantly on different scales across provinces, villages and farming households. Second, there were different factors influencing the self-occupation and transfer behaviours of rural homesteads. Specifically, self-occupation behaviour was predominantly influenced by the degree of dependence on self-housing demand and homestead supply, and village demands for development more substantially influenced transfer behaviour. Third, under the context of both the rural transformation trend and Rural Revitalisation Project , it is recognised that the residential security function of homesteads is prioritised, followed by promoting the reuse of homesteads through comprehensive measures. This study will provide a scientific reference for the effective implementation of rural revitalisation and rural homestead system reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes how race politics and immigration politics intersect in present-day Morocco, entangling various actors across multiple scales, from the continental to the interpersonal. While often problematic, we suggest that externalization can provide a lens through which to trace the production and circulation of race in the Morocco-EU borderlands and to chart the uneasy proximities that emerge among states, migrants and "civil society," and racialized outsiders and insiders. And while numerous studies analyze the geopolitical and economic dimensions of the externalized border, how externalization reworks racial-social categories of belonging in "partner" or "third" states like Morocco is less known. Drawing on ethnography and interviews, we argue that externalization is a useful analytical category for understanding transnational border projects as racial projects that operate beyond the domain of citizenship or the state, reworking categories of belonging and exclusion from the scale of the body to the global scale. The Morocco-EU borderlands constitute a "contact zone" where multiple peoples, institutions, processes, and histories interact to produce blackness as out-of-place, changing the way that Moroccans understand race, place, and membership. The mobilization of race in the Morocco-EU border impacts the lives and movements of West and Central African migrants, but may also compound the exclusions of racialized Moroccans at home and in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government has implemented a homestead withdrawal policy to improve the efficiency of rural construction land use. The compensation for rural homestead withdrawal (CRHW) is crucial to the reconstruction and sustainable development of farmers' livelihoods. This paper analyzed the response mechanisms of farmers' livelihoods to the CRHW with the combined application of the logistic regression, the mediation effect model, and the moderating effect model. The results indicated that CRHW had a significant positive impact on the sustainable livelihoods of rural households, mainly by improving the physical capital and social capital. In addition, adaptability and livelihood diversity played intermediary and regulatory roles in the positive impacts of the CRHW on sustainable livelihoods, respectively. The conclusions may provide insight into the demand for more reasonable compensation policies to ensure the sustainability of farmers' livelihoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homestead ponds are small seasonal ponds that are rarely utilized for fish farming. Culturing fish in these small ponds can boost household fish consumption and cash inflow. The availability of nutrients in the water and sediment, however, plays a significant role in the pond's natural productivity. This study was conducted to assess nutrient contents and some key physical parameters in the bottom sediments of 30 homestead ponds from the central coast along the Northern Bay of Bengal. Analyses of results showed the average values (±SD) of temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (°C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S) were 17.8 ± 1.12 °C, 7.29 ± 0.11, 0.41 ± 0.09 mS/cm, 29,615.48 ± 10,528.9 mg kg−1, 11,958 ± 6107 mg kg−1, 1030.6 ± 252 mg kg−1, 17.1 ± 13.5 mg kg−1 and 32.6 ± 19.7 mg kg−1 during winter and 27.2 ± 1.81 °C, 6.73 ± 0.12, 0.38 ± 0.17 mS/cm, 19,100.01 ± 13,739.07 mg kg−1, 11,079 ± 7969 mg kg−1, 955 ± 229.4 mg kg−1, 26.6 ± 20.2 mg kg−1 and 23.4 ± 15.9 mg kg−1 during pre-monsoon, respectively. One-way ANOVA revealed no significant differences in the mean value of sediment quality parameters among the selected ponds (p > 0.05) except for phosphorus in the winter season (p < 0.05). The sediment quality variables were found to be in the suitable range for fish culture. Pearson's correlation coefficient values (r) showed that only organic carbon and nitrogen had a strong significant correlation with organic matter (p < 0.05). Based on Cluster Analysis (CA), two major associations among the nutrients were attained at a 15% similarity level: C, OM, and N in one cluster and P and S in another. The findings showed that the parameters were within the preferable range for aquaculture, and the homestead ponds are average productive ponds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Katharine B. Davis was an important progressive‐era figure, a pioneering professional, an innovative penologist, and an iconoclastic sexologist. Although scholars have long been aware of Davis's tolerant attitude toward same‐sex relationships at the New York State Female Reformatory at Bedford Hills, where she was Superintendent from 1901 to 1913, and her open discussion of same‐sex attraction in her study of "normal" women's sexuality, published in 1929, little has been known about Davis's personal life. Thus, it was a feminist biographer's dream come true to gain access to what Davis called her "autobiographical biography," the never‐finished, never‐published, story of her life. Or so I thought. As it turns out, my quest to understand Davis's personal life and how it informed her professional trajectory has been a bit more complicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Withdrawal from rural homesteads (WRH) in China is mainly conducted under the guidance of government and follows the principle of farmers' voluntary participation, in which both formal and informal institutions play essential roles. However, few studies have systematically analyzed the institutional factors in WRH. By introducing both formal and informal institutions into the analysis framework, the aim of this study was to explore the impacts of formal and informal institutions on farmers' behavior to WRH, and the interaction between formal and informal institution in different villages. Based on survey data from farmers in Jinzhai, China, this study adopted a binary probit model and factor analysis. (1) The study revealed that farmers' cognition of homesteads property rights and their trust in village cadres are the key formal institutional factors affecting farmers' behavior to WRH, and farmers' social networks, reciprocal norms, and trust in villagers are the key informal institutional factors affecting farmers' WRH; (2) Both formal and informal institutions promote farmers' WRH, and informal institutions play a more important role. However, there is no interaction between formal and informal institutions in the whole sample. (3) Furthermore, the effect of formal and informal institutions on farmers' WRH have the heterogeneity of village location: there is a complementary relationship between formal and informal institutions in farmers' WRH for villages with a medium proximity to the county seat, and a substitution relationship for villages far away from the county seat. Finally, this study discusses the implications of these findings on the new round of WRH policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research on the change of homesteads has rarely combined spatial information, and no expansion research has been found with a scale as detailed as the level of the homestead plots. Understanding the changing rules of homesteads expansion and its influencing factors are important to homestead reform, optimization of village layout, and cultivated land protection. In order to explore the direction, level, and spatial pattern of homesteads expansion from 2010 to 2020 and the influencing factors, by taking six villages in Deqing County as an example, this research proposed a tract division scheme based on multidistance spatial clustering and intersecting area index and used homesteads expansion index and geographical detector. The results showed that (1) 83.3% of the villages had a decreasing trend of homesteads expansion, and half of the villages' homesteads remained unchanged in their distribution direction. (2) The average order of factors influencing the expansion of homesteads was: distance from road > altitude > slope > policy restriction > distance from water area > slope aspect. This study helps to understand the spatio-temporal features of homesteads expansion in small-scale areas, provides an empirical reference for deepening homesteads reform and policy formulation, and also provides new methods for quantitative research on homesteads expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the Greater London Council (GLC)'s Homesteading scheme, which gave away dilapidated, council-owned houses to aspiring homeowners. The first section provides an overview of the scheme and its North American origins. The second half of the article explores the scheme in the context of London's electoral geopolitics, and considers how the relationship between the boroughs and the GLC influenced housing policy across the capital. The article then locates the scheme within the context of the 'inner city', and explores the complex relationship between race, homeownership, and the Conservative Party during the late 1970s. Finally, the article identifies the formation of a Conservative urban imaginary that envisioned London as a 'city of villages', resurrecting the brick terraced street as the ideal domestic form, in opposition to the high-rise housing of welfare state modernism—and in so doing, drew on a growing sense of popular individualism during the decade. To conclude, the article proposes that the GLC's Homesteading scheme was a striking prefiguration of the kinds of urban interventions in British cities that characterized Thatcher's premiership, and that it has significance for understanding a range of diverse, intersecting urban issues during the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trujillo Homesteads National Historic Landmark encompasses two 19th-century Hispanic American ranches on the western edge of the Great Sand Dunes National Park and Preserve in the San Luis Valley of south central Colorado. These sites are the 1865 Teofilo and Andrellita Trujillo homestead and the 1879 homestead of their son and his wife, Pedro and Sofia Trujillo. The Trujillo homesteads are associated with a broad pattern of United States history: the northward movement of Hispanic Americans into the newly acquired southwesternmost region of the American frontier. They represent a pattern of dispersed, independent settlement by individuals who focused on amassing public lands rather than following the area's established pre-1848 tradition of founding colonies on Mexican land grants. The historical archaeology components of the two homesteads further understanding of the nation's early Hispanic American legacy and interactions on the borderlands among Hispanic, Native American, and European American cultures and economic interests on the American frontier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What role did settler bawdy houses play in Canadian colonial expansion in the 1880s? The trial of "Big Nelly" Webb, a white bawdy house madam and sex worker who shot a Mounted Police constable on the doorstep of her brothel in 1888, offers critical insight into the world of these seldom acknowledged colonial institutions and the women who ran them. Far from simply "women on the margins," Canadian officials in the North-West Territories permitted many white madams and sex workers to operate bawdy houses in emerging prairie settlements because they viewed them as essential workers. Drawing from the archives of the North-West Mounted Police, memoirs and testimonies of bawdy house sex workers and madams, and newspaper and court reports, this article explores the networks of influence that supported these houses, including local police and high-ranking colonial officials. Beyond personal ties, the influence of women like Big Nelly reflected the colonial function of the settler brothel. The waves of migrating bawdy house madams and workers who flocked to Canada's "Last Best West" during this period could serve a very real role in the growth and biopolitical regulation of new Canadian settlements in Indigenous territory. These workers were tasked with protecting and regulating settler sexual and reproductive health, retaining white bachelor migrants in isolated settlements, and fostering urban growth. Settler bawdy houses on the Prairies were also bastions of racial segregation and containment, built to displace (and expose) workers of color and stop the growth of Black, Indigenous, and mixed-race populations and resistance in the 1880s. Indeed, race-based hierarchies did not just exist within the settler brothel economies of Canada's North-West Territories, they were one of the foundational justifications for their existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an intermediary connection between primary producers and higher trophic levels, zooplankton are an important component of the aquatic food chain, contributing significantly to aquatic biological productivity. This study describes the zooplankton diversity and community structure, as well as their relationships with ecological factors, in homestead ponds of a coastal district along the northern Bay of Bengal region. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were detected in the mean values of temperature, pH, DO, TDS, transparency, and phosphates from the ponds during December 2020, but no significant differences were found in the nitrate levels. However, no significant variances in the ecological parameters between months were found due to the study taking place in the same season. Sixteen zooplankton species, representing four groups, were found in the study area, with the highest mean abundance of 301.19 ± 40.55 ind./L recorded in February 2021 and the lowest of 293.02 ± 21.13 ind./L recorded in December 2020. The diversity (H'), evenness (e), richness (J), and dominance (D) ranged from 2.49 to 2.12, from 0.93 to 0.84, from 2.05 to 1.56, and from 0.13 to 0.09, respectively. Based on the SIMPER analysis, Diaptomus gracilis and Brachionus calyciflorus were found to be significant contributors (>10%) to the zooplankton community structure in different months. The ANOSIM results revealed that 10 species of zooplankton were significant contributors based on their average dissimilarity. The canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) identified that pH, transparency, nitrates, and phosphates have a significant impact on the abundance of zooplankton species in the homestead ponds in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The external environment has an important impact on farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. Based on the data from 392 farmers in Wuhan and Suizhou City from July to November 2021, we explored the significant role that the external environment played in farmers' willingness to withdraw from rural homesteads. The empirical results, according to the binary Logit model, showed that the number of homesteads, location, and economy positively affect farmers' intention to withdraw from their rural homesteads, and the effect in turn decreases. Famers in a village with no tourism resources are more likely to be willing to withdraw from their homesteads. Based on the empirical findings, this paper finally proposed that local governments should adopt a targeted policy to encourage farmers to orderly withdraw from their rural homesteads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]