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We report a rare genetic disorder case of neuroacanthocytosis with clinical profile (oro-lingual-facial abnormal involuntary movements, neuropathy) and typical magnetic resonance findings (cerebral atrophy, bilateral caudate nuclei atrophy with dilated anterior horns of the lateral ventricles), positive family history in his brother and acanthocytosis in peripheral blood smear.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder among military veterans. The goal of this study is to compare the polysomnographic patterns of OSA in military veterans who have a history of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with those of veterans who have not PTSD. Seventy-two Iranian military male veterans were classified into two groups: those with PTSD (40 cases) and those without PTSD (32 cases). Each participant was diagnosed with OSA using an overnight polysomnography, during which sleep-related parameters such as sleep efficiency (SE) and apnea-related events were detected. The body mass index (BMI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were also assessed. For the PTSD group, mean age was 53.83 ± 7.3 years, elapsed time since they participated in war was 28.3 ± 3.4 years, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 41.2 ± 27, SE was 77.7 ± 17.55%, ESS was 7.93 ± 2.04, BMI was 26.5 ± 5.7, and PLM index was 12.725 ± 8.64. The above respective parameters for the non-PTSD group were 51.33 ± 5.9 years, 28.3 ± 3.4 years, 30.33 ± 14.7, 82.4 ± 15.65%, 10.08 ± 3.02, 31.5 ± 6.7, and 8.8 ± 3.54. The relationships of AHI with ESS and BMI were not significant in PTSD group. OSA in military veterans suffering from PTSD presents more often with insomnia than obesity or increased daytime sleepiness. These findings are different from those typically seen in non-PTSD veterans with OSA.

Objective: This study carefully evaluates the association of different respiration-related events to each other and to simple nocturnal features in obstructive sleep apneaâhypopnea syndrome (OSAS). The events include apneas, hypopneas, respiratory event-related arousals and snores. Methods: We conducted a statistical study on 158 adults who underwent polysomnography between July 2012 and May 2014. To monitor relevance, along with linear statistical strategies like analysis of variance and bootstrapping a correlation coefficient standard error, the non-linear method of mutual information is also applied to illuminate vague results of linear techniques. Results: Based on normalized mutual information weights (NMIW), indices of apnea are 1.3 times more relevant to AHI values than those of hypopnea. NMIW for the number of blood oxygen desaturation below 95% is considerable (0.531). The next relevant feature is ârespiratory arousals indexâ with NMIW of 0.501. Snore indices (0.314), and BMI (0.203) take the next place. Based on NMIW values, snoring events are nearly one-third (29.9%) more dependent to hypopneas than RERAs. Conclusion: 1. The more sever the OSAS is, the more frequently the apneic events happen. 2. The association of snore with hypopnea/RERA revealed which is routinely ignored in regression-based OSAS modeling. 3. The statistical dependencies of oximetry features potentially can lead to home-based screening of OSAS. 4. Poor ESS-AHI relevance in the database under study indicates its disability for the OSA diagnosis compared to oximetry. 5. Based on poor RERA-snore/ESS relevance, detailed history of the symptoms plus polysomnography is suggested for accurate diagnosis of RERAs. Keywords: Obstructive sleep apneaâhypopnea syndrome, Respiratory events, Polysomnography, Mutual information, Analysis of variance, Bootstrapping technique

Objectives:Evaluate the effect of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) for nasal polyposis on sleep efficiency and polysomnographic parameters.Methods:This clinical trial was conducted on 15 patients with bilateral massive sinonasal polyposis who underwent FESS between August 2012 and September 2013. All participants were evaluated subjectively by employing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire and objectively (provided by polysomnographic parameters) before and 2 months after surgery.Results:The evaluation of subjective criteria of sleep quality assessed by PSQI showed significant improvement, particularly in nocturnal awakening (P = .002). However, Apnea Hypopnea Index (AHI) was not reduced significantly after surgery (P = .233). Among patients who had suffered from obstructive sleep apnea, AHI was improved in 7 patients, deteriorated in 3 patients, and did not change in 1 patient. Although the mean duration of REM sleep stage increased from 15.2 ± 10.7 to 18.9 ± 7.9, this change...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two of the most common chronic respiratory disorders. Co-existence of both conditions, referred as overlap syndrome (OLS), is associated with substantially high rates of mortality and morbidity. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) on apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), an indicator for diagnosis and identifying the severity of OSA, in overlap syndrome.We conducted a clinical trial on 60 patients diagnosed with overlap syndrome by employing overnight polysomnography before and after receiving ICS. Tstudent test and Mann-Whitney test were applied to analyze the gathered data including age, AHI, nocturnal oxygen desaturation index and SaO2, (saturated arterial oxygen), daytime (pressure of arterial carbon dioxide) PaCO, level, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), body mass index (BMI), and waist and neck circumferences.By 3-month ICS administration, this study demonstrated significant reduction of mean AHI and nocturnal oxygen desaturation index along with remarkable improvement of FEV1, diurnal PaCO2, level and nocturnal SaO2, (P0.05). Meanwhile, BMI and waist and neck circumferences measurement showed no noticeable changes.As we have not found any literature demonstrating, this is the first study which has evaluated the effect of ICS on AHI in overlap syndrome. Because of a remarkable improvement in obstructive sleep apneas, this study suggests that ICS might be beneficial in treatment of overlap syndrome.

Smoking is the most important preventable cause of death. According to the global youth tobacco survey (GYTS) presented by WHO, 25% of smokers smoked their first cigarette before the age of 10; hence, it is of great importance to investigate the effect of smoking of family members and friends on smoking incidence of adolescents.This analytic cross-sectional study was conducted on the basis of GYTS questionnaire. The studied population consisted of 3000 high school students who were selected randomly. Data was collected by applying the questionnaires which were fulfilled by students anonymously without supervision of school authorities. The results were analyzed with SPSS 11.5 software employing chi-square test.The studied population included 1842 boys (61.4%) and 1158 girls (38.6%) with the mean age of 16.1 years. In terms of smoking habit, 827 students (27.6%) were occasional smokers, 122 students (4.2%) were regular smokers, 518 students (17.3%) used another type of tobacco, and 1533 students (51.1%) were non-smokers. In terms of gender, 77.6% of occasional smokers were males and 22.4% of them were females. At the same time, males and females made up 80.3% and 19.7% of regular smokers, respectively. Also, males and females made up 71.1% and 28.9% of students using another type of tobacco, respectively. In terms of smoker family members and friends, 1860 students (85.6%) of non-smoker students had no smoker in their families and only 313 (14.4%) had at least one smoker in family, while 61.5% of smoker students had at least one smoker family member (p.001). Similarly, 50.3% of smoker students had a number of smoker friends, while only 13% of non-smoker students had smoker friends. In terms of economic status this study showed that 22.4% of smoker students and 20.7% of non-smoker ones had high pocket money.This study showed that the incidence of smoking among high school students significantly correlated with the incidence of smoking among their friendsandfamilymembers (p0.001). This study also showed that the economic status (based on the amount of pocket money) has little orno effect on the incidence of smoking among high school students (p value: 0.863).