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We performed a 3-year follow-up of the children enrolled into the Nutrintake Study to evaluate the changes of anthropometry and nutrient intake in aging infants and toddlers. Nutrient intake was assessed using a 7-day weighted food-diary. Of the 390 Nutrintake children, 164 (42%) participated in the present study. Their median (IQR) age was 54 (48; 66) months and their anthropometrical status, expressed as standard deviation scores, remained stable during the follow-up. During the same period, there was no biologically relevant change in the intake of macronutrients expressed as percentage of energy while median increases of 757 mg/day, 0.7 mg/day and 3.1 g/1000 kcal per day were detected for sodium, iron and fibre, respectively. As compared to the Italian reference standards, the Nutrintake children continued to show at the 3-year follow-up an excessive intake of simple carbohydrates, proteins, sodium, and a low intake of iron and fibre.

We designed an image-based dietary assessment tool called COFIT, which means &ldquo, fit together&rdquo, and pilot-tested it in the Taipei Puberty Longitudinal Study (TPLS). Children aged 6&ndash, 17 years were invited to use COFIT over three days for recording all instances of eating in addition to maintaining written food records (FR). Spearman&rsquo, s correlation and Bland&ndash, Altman analysis were used to compare the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients estimated using the image-based dietary assessment and the FR method. Intra-class correlation coefficients were used to estimate reliability between dietitians. In the final analysis, 23 children (mean age: 10.47 &plusmn, 0.47 years) with complete data obtained using two dietary assessment methods were included. Reliability among dietitians was high. Most assessments of macronutrients and micronutrients revealed moderate correlations between the two methods (range: 0.27&ndash, 0.94), moreover, no significant differences in nutrients assessments were observed between the two methods, except for energy and fat. The average difference in energy intake between the methods was 194 kcal/day. Most limits of agreement were within an acceptable range. The Bland&ndash, Altman plots showed robust agreement with minimum bias. The limitation was the small sample size and not dividing the population into children and teenagers since the two groups may have different food consumption habits. Overall, the results showed that the image-based assessment tool is suitable for assessing children&rsquo, s dietary intake of macronutrients and micronutrients during pubertal growth.

The role of taste perception, its relationship with oral microbiota composition, and their putative link with eating habits and food intake were the focus of the present study. A sample of 59 reportedly healthy adults (27 male, 32 female, age: 23.3 &plusmn, 2.6 years) were recruited for the study and taste thresholds for basic tastes, food intake, and oral microbiota composition were evaluated. Differences in taste perception were associated with different habitual food consumption (i.e., frequency) and actual intake. Subjects who were orally hyposensitive to salty taste reported consuming more bakery and salty baked products, saturated-fat-rich products, and soft drinks than hypersensitive subjects. Subjects hyposensitive to sweet taste reported consuming more frequently sweets and desserts than the hypersensitive group. Moreover, subjects hypersensitive to bitter taste showed higher total energy and carbohydrate intakes compared to those who perceived the solution as less bitter. Some bacterial taxa on tongue dorsum were associated with gustatory functions and with vegetable-rich (e.g., Prevotella) or protein/fat-rich diets (e.g., Clostridia). Future studies will be pivotal to confirm the hypothesis and the potential exploitation of oral microbiome as biomarker of long-term consumption of healthy or unhealthy diets.

Background Measurement of multiple food intake exposure biomarkers in urine may offer an objective method for monitoring diet. The potential of spot and cumulative urine samples that have reduced burden on participants as replacements for 24-h urine collections has not been evaluated. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the utility of spot and cumulative urine samples for classifying the metabolic profiles of people according to dietary intake when compared with 24-h urine collections in a controlled dietary intervention study. Methods Nineteen healthy individuals (10 male, 9 female, aged 21-65 y, BMI 20-35 kg/m2) each consumed 4 distinctly different diets, each for 1 wk. Spot urine samples were collected ∼2 h post meals on 3 intervention days/wk. Cumulative urine samples were collected daily over 3 separate temporal periods. A 24-h urine collection was created by combining the 3 cumulative urine samples. Urine samples were analyzed with metabolite fingerprinting by both high-resolution flow infusion electrospray mass spectrometry (FIE-HRMS) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR). Concentrations of dietary intake biomarkers were measured with liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry and by integration of 1H-NMR data. Results Cross-validation modeling with 1H-NMR and FIE-HRMS data demonstrated the power of spot and cumulative urine samples in predicting dietary patterns in 24-h urine collections. Particularly, there was no significant loss of information when post-dinner (PD) spot or overnight cumulative samples were substituted for 24-h urine collections (classification accuracies of 0.891 and 0.938, respectively). Quantitative analysis of urine samples also demonstrated the relation between PD spot samples and 24-h urines for dietary exposure biomarkers. Conclusions We conclude that PD spot urine samples are suitable replacements for 24-h urine collections. Alternatively, cumulative samples collected overnight predict similarly to 24-h urine samples and have a lower collection burden for participants.

Background and aims Epidemiological investigations include dietary intakes as primary exposures or potential confounders. To reduce bias, data collection protocols include the administration of questionnaires together with measurements of biomarkers. Some error, however, remains and needs to be considered in the analysis and interpretation of results. The European Food Safety Authority supported a ring-trial to compare the precision and reproducibility of dietary assessment methods applied in Europe. Methods and results Software applications used to collect 24-hour recalls and food records in six countries (Estonia, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Spain, and Sweden) were assessed. The intake of 256 foods was identically reported to each method. Experienced interviewers participated and were instructed to repeat national protocols closely. The error in recording quantities, compared with reference values, was variable but in about 60% of recorded quantities was in the range of ±20%. Errors were however unsystematic and independent of the food type or quantification method used - although food pictures performed better. The reproducibility of some tools was limited. The methods generally captured additional ingredients (usually flavoring agents), but not sweetening agents or fortification and failed to record packaging information in about 60% of the cases. Conclusion In a design that eliminated respondent bias, this study indicates that softwares, supporting databases and interviewers generally introduce random error in dietary assessments. The inclusion of large sample sizes and food pictures to quantify portions, together with enhanced attention on interviewers' training, standardisation of procedures and regular tool upgrades are essential in assuring a study's quality and comparability.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar novo registro de ocorrencia para Ischnocodia annulus (Fabricius) , alem de fornecer informacoes sobre plantas hospedeiras e periodo de ocorrencia da especie. Os besouros foram observados em um fragmento florestal no Oeste do Parana; trata-se do primeiro registro da especie para a regiao Sul do Brasil e para a Mata Atlântica brasileira. Foram notificadas duas novas plantas hospedeiras para a especie: Cordia trichotoma Vell. Arrab. ex Steud e Cordia eucalyculata Vell. (Boraginaceae). Os imaturos emergiram na segunda quinzena de setembro e os ultimos adultos foram observados no inicio de dezembro. A emergencia dos imaturos ocorre na mesma epoca que plântulas de C. trichotoma germinam em grande quantidade. Ischnocodia annulus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae): First Record for Brazilian Atlantic Forest, New Host Plants and Considerations about Period of Occurrence Abstract. The objective of this study was making new record of Ischnocodia annulus (Fabricius) and provides information about host plants period of occurrence. The beetles were observed in a forest fragment in Parana western and this is the first record of I. annulus for the southern region of Brazil and for the brazilian Atlantic Forest. Two new host plants were notified: Cordia trichotoma Vell. Arrab. ex Steud and Cordia eucalyculata Vell. (Boraginaceae). The immatures emerged in the second half of September and the last adults were observed in early December. The emergence of immature occurs at the same time that C. trichotoma seedlings germinate aplenty.

Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi cjelodnevni unos energije, makronutrijenata i prehrambenih navika studenata Farmaceutsko-biokemijskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu te usporediti u kojoj se mjeri one podudaraju s preporučenim smjernicama pravilne prehrane za navedenu populacijsku skupinu. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 8 muških i 21 ženskih ispitanika u dobi od 22. do 24. godine. Korištena dijetetička metoda je četverodnevni dnevnik prehrane. Ispunjeni dnevnici prehrane su obrađeni u računalnom programu Excel korištenjem nutritivnih vrijednosti USDA tablica sa sastavom namirnica i pića Prikupljeni podaci su izraženi na skupine kreirane obzirom na spol. Utvrđeno je da prosječan dnevni unos energije i prehambenih vlakana manji od preporučene vrijednosti. Prosječan dnevni unos proteina, zasićenih masnih kiselina i kolesterola veći je od preporuka. Unos polinezasićenih masnih kiselina kao i doprinos ugljikohidrata i masti ukupnom kalorijskom unosu nalazi se unutar preporuka. Utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika preskakanja obroka obzirom na spol. Istraživanje na temu prehrambenih navika studenata bilježi odstupanja od preporuka za zdrav životni stil, te je poželjno organizirati različite radionice i predavanja na temu pravilne prehrane, kako bi se studenti educirali o pravilnoj prehrani sukladnoj njihovim potrebama. The aim of this investigation was to examine daily energy intake, macronutrients consummation and dietary habits of students of the Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry (University of Zagreb). Particularly, we wanted to determine the extent to which they match with dietary guidelines for proper nutrition for the mentioned population group. The study included 8 males and 21 female subjects aged 22 to 24 years. The dietetic method used in study is a four-day food diary. Filled food diaries were processed in the Excel program using the USDA charts with nutritional values for food and drink. The collected data were expressed for each gender-related subgroup. The results showed that mean daily intakes of energy and dietary fibers were lower than the recommended values. The meann dietary intakes of protein, saturated fatty acids and cholesterol were above the recommended levels. The intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids as well as the contribution of carbohydrates and fat to total caloric intake was contained within the recommendations. It has been established that there was statistically significant difference in the frequency of skipping meals between males and females. This study showed deviations from the guidelines for healthy lifestyle. It would be advisable to organize different workshops and lectures on this topic, in order to educate students about proper nutrition that complies with their physical needs.

Patients with cirrhosis waiting for liver transplantation (LT) frequently present a nutritional disorder, which represents an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality before and after transplantation. Thus, a proper assessment of the food intake by using different methods, such as food records, food frequency questionnaires, and 24 h recall, should be deemed an important step of the nutritional management of these patients. The available published studies indicate that the daily food intake is inadequate in the majority of waitlisted patients. These findings were confirmed by our experience, showing that the daily intake of total calories, proteins and carbohydrates was inadequate in approximately 85–95% of patients, while that of lipids and simple carbohydrates was inadequate in almost 50% of them. These data highlight the need to implement an effective educational program provided by certified nutritionists or dieticians, who should work in close collaboration with the hepatologist to provide a nutritional intervention tailored to the individual patient requirements.

There is increasing interest for the use of intermittent energy restriction (IER) in weight management. However, there are concerns that IER could result in ‘rebound’ overconsumption of energy on unrestricted days. We studied self‐reported food records from participants in two trials of IER versus continuous energy restriction (Study 1; 44 women on IER for 6 months and Study 2; 72 women on two types of IER for 4 months). Energy intake was assessed on restricted and unrestricted days immediately before and after restricted days and on other unrestricted days. We assessed consistency of days of the week chosen as restricted days, and whether this was associated with greater weight loss. Reported energy intake was reduced on unrestricted days in Study 1 and 2 and was 19% lower compared with the allocated isoenergetic diet, and respectively 21% and 29% lower than their baseline reported daily intakes. Energy intake appeared to be similarly reduced the day immediately before and after restricted days and on other unrestricted days. Seventy percent of women in Study 1 and 79% in Study 2 undertook consistent days of restriction each week (>50% of restricted days on the same 2 days each week). When studies were combined percentage weight loss at 3 months was −5.8 (−6.7 to −4.7) % in the consistent group and −7.4 (−8.7 to −6.2) % in the non‐consistent group (p = .09). Food records from patients undertaking IER suggest a spontaneous reduction in energy intake below their baseline reported intakes and the prescribed isoenergetic diet during all unrestricted days including the days immediately before and after restricted days which contributes to the weight loss success with these diets. Consistency of restricted days was not associated with weight loss success. These findings need to be confirmed in larger groups of patients ideally using objective measures of energy balance.

Two web-based dietary assessment tools have been developed for use in large-scale studies: the Riksmaten method (4-d food record) and MiniMeal-Q (food-frequency method). The aim of the present study was to examine the ability of these methods to capture energy intake against objectively measured total energy expenditure (TEE) with the doubly labelled water technique (TEEDLW), and to compare reported energy and macronutrient intake. This study was conducted within the pilot study of the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), which included 1111 randomly selected men and women aged 50–64 years from the Gothenburg general population. Of these, 200 were enrolled in the SCAPIS diet substudy. TEEDLW was measured in a subsample (n 40). Compared with TEEDLW, both methods underestimated energy intake: −2·5 (sd 2·9) MJ with the Riksmaten method; −2·3 (sd 3·6) MJ with MiniMeal-Q. Mean reporting accuracy was 80 and 82 %, respectively. The correlation between reported energy intake and TEEDLW was r 0·4 for the Riksmaten method (P r 0·28 (non-significant) for MiniMeal-Q. Women reported similar average intake of energy and macronutrients in both methods whereas men reported higher intakes with the Riksmaten method. Energy-adjusted correlations ranged from 0·14 (polyunsaturated fat) to 0·77 (alcohol). Bland–Altman plots showed acceptable agreement for energy and energy-adjusted protein and carbohydrate intake, whereas the agreement for fat intake was poorer. According to energy intake data, both methods displayed similar precision on energy intake reporting. However, MiniMeal-Q was less successful in ranking individuals than the Riksmaten method. The development of methods to achieve limited under-reporting is a major challenge for future research.

BACKGROUND: Dietary assessment during adolescence is crucial in determining how adolescents’ consumption habits potentially affect current and long-term health. However, assessment methods for adolescents need to be relevant to their emerging technological culture. We developed a web-based food frequency questionnaire (webFFQ) to assess the habitual soy isoflavones and nutrient intake of adolescents. Our purpose was to validate this webFFQ against multiple 1-day photograph-assisted food records (FR). METHODS: Adolescents aged 12–18 years (n = 70) attending middle and high schools completed the webFFQ and provided six 1-day FR. Fifteen participants were excluded due to improbable energy intake. Statistical agreements were determined using Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, Pearson’s bivariate correlations of normalized values with energy-adjustment and correction for attenuation, cross-classification, and Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS: Based on n = 55, the webFFQ had higher intake estimates for all isoflavones and most nutrients compared to the FR. Energy-adjusted and deattenuated correlations were moderately strong for total isoflavones (r = 0.67), daidzein (r = 0.63), genistein (r = 0.64), and glycitein (r = 0.54). They ranged from a high of 0.82 (animal proteins) to a low of 0.11 (vitamin B12) for nutrients. Cross-classification agreement up to within 1 quartile ranged from 99.0 % (vegetable protein) to 61.8 % (vitamin B12) with low gross misclassifications (0.0–12.7 %). Bland-Altman plots for the isoflavones showed consistent overestimation and wide variation but nevertheless good agreement between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The webFFQ is relatively valid in ranking adolescents according to their isoflavones and nutrient intake. However, while it significantly overestimates the absolute intake of most nutrients, results are comparable to other food frequency questionnaires developed for adolescents.

Accurate estimation of food portion size is critical in dietary studies. Hands are potentially useful as portion size estimation aids; however, their accuracy has not been tested. The aim of the present study was to test the accuracy of a novel portion size estimation method using the width of the fingers as a ‘ruler’ to measure the dimensions of foods (‘finger width method’), as well as fists and thumb or finger tips. These hand measures were also compared with household measures (cups and spoons). A total of sixty-seven participants (70 % female; age 32·7 (sd13·7) years; BMI 23·2 (sd 3·5) kg/m2) attended a 1·5 h session in which they estimated the portion sizes of forty-two pre-weighed foods and liquids. Hand measurements were used in conjunction with geometric formulas to convert estimations to volumes. Volumes determined with hand and household methods were converted to estimated weights using density factors. Estimated weights were compared with true weights, and the percentage difference from the true weight was used to compare accuracy between the hand and household methods. Of geometrically shaped foods and liquids estimated with the finger width method, 80 % were within ±25 % of the true weight of the food, and 13 % were within ±10 %, in contrast to 29 % of those estimated with the household method being within ±25 % of the true weight of the food, and 8 % being within ±10 %. For foods that closely resemble a geometric shape, the finger width method provides a novel and acceptably accurate method of estimating portion size.

Objective: To investigate if the addition of an in-depth interview focused on cultural dietary practices could improve the quality of dietary data from food records among South Asian women in New Zealand. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 134 South Asian women (≥20 years), living in Auckland. Dietary data were collected using four-day food records. Nutritional analysis revealed 33.6% under-reporting of energy intakes. All women were recalled for an in-depth probing interview focused on culture-specific foods and dietary practices. Results: The interview revealed extensive use of dairy products and plant oils. The nutrient content of the food record alone and the food record plus interview were compared; median energy intakes were 6,852 kJ vs 7,246 kJ (p

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the quantitative agreement between a 4-day food record and a 24-hour dietary recall in young men. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy men aged 18-25 years had their food intake estimated by 4-day food record within one week following 24-hour dietary recall in a cross-sectional study. Resting metabolic rate was assessed by indirect calorimetry and Energy Expenditure was estimated by physical activity records completed simultaneously with food intake records. The validity of food records was determined by direct comparison of Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure (95% confidence interval for Energy Intake/Energy Expenditure). RESULTS: There were good agreements between the measurements of energy and macronutrient intakes by 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record at the group level, but not at the individual level. Compared to energy expenditure, about 20% and 9% of participants underreported their Energy Intake by 4-day food record and 24-hour dietary recall, respectively. Over 30% of underreporters of Energy Intake estimated by 24-hour dietary recall underreported Energy Intake estimated by 4-day food record. CONCLUSION: Both diet methods, 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record, may be used to collect data at the group level, but not at the individual level. Both methods, however, appear to underestimate Energy Intake. Underreporting may be subject-specific and appears that is more difficult to retrieve valid dietary data from some people than others.OBJETIVO: Medir a concordância qualitativa entre registros alimentares, obtidos durante 4 dias, e recordatório alimentar de 24 horas em homens jovens. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo com delineamento transversal, o consumo alimentar de 34 homens saudáveis com idades entre 18 e 25 anos foi medido por meio do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e uma semana depois, por meio de 4 dias de registros alimentares. O gasto energético em repouso foi medido por calorimetria indireta e o gasto energético total foi medido por meio de registros de atividade física. A validade dos registros alimentares foi determinada por comparação direta do consumo energético com o gasto energético total (intervalo de confiança de 95% para consumo energético/gasto energético total). RESULTADOS: A concordância entre medidas de consumo energético e de consumo de macronutrientes, obtida por meio de registros alimentares de 4 dias e por recordatório de 24 horas, foi boa para grupos, mas não para indivíduos. Comparado com o gasto energético total, um baixo consumo energético foi observado em 20% e em 9% dos participantes, quando o consumo alimentar foi obtido por meio de registros alimentares de 4 dias e por recordatório de 24 horas, respectivamente. Mais de 30% dos participantes que tiveram baixo consumo energético, obtido com a utilização de recordatório de 24 horas, também tiveram baixo consumo energético a partir do exame dos registros alimentares de 4 dias. CONCLUSÃO: O recordatório de 24 horas é uma opção para registros alimentares de 4 dias na coleta de dados para grupos, mas não para indivíduos. Entretanto, baixo consumo alimentar, em alguns participantes, foi observado quando ambos os métodos foram utilizados na coleta de dados de consumo alimentar. É possível que a determinação de baixo consumo alimentar em alguns participantes seja específica do participante, sugerindo que pode ser mais difícil obter dados precisos de umas pessoas do que de outras.

Submitted by Maria Paula S F S Pinto (paula.pinto@esa.ipsantarem.pt) on 2020-01-21T15:59:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Folate intake in a Portuguese female student population and its relation to body mass index, physical activity level and intake of other nutrients - IOS Press.pdf: 78280 bytes, checksum: 01549e7a4373569d419b35117cb5a3e1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-21T16:58:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Folate intake in a Portuguese female student population and its relation to body mass index, physical activity level and intake of other nutrients - IOS Press.pdf: 78280 bytes, checksum: 01549e7a4373569d419b35117cb5a3e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Background: The stage of youth is critical for human development in several ways. On the one hand, it can lead people towards the adoption of a healthy lifestyle during adulthood based on these earlier practices. On the other hand, it can comprise the development of healthy living practices later on in live, an outcome which is often caused by the youth adopting a risky lifestyle early on. Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing an educational intervention program based on the BASNEF Model (a simplified approach to understanding behavior), designed to cultivate self-administered lifestyle control skills in youths. Materials and Methods: This was a quasi-experimental intervention study, implemented during 2010 - 2011. A total of 288 randomly selected high-school students between the ages of 15 and 17 participated in this study. These students were later divided into experimental and control groups. Subjects completed a BASNEF questionnaire at the baseline (pre-test), one month later (post-test) and three months after the educational intervention (follow-up). Four educational sessions were held, each of a 120 - 150 minute duration. After the data had been collected, the ANOVA test was used to compare trends in changes. The Pearson correlation coefficient was then used to analyze the correlation between components of the BASNEF model. Finally, regression analysis was used to determine the predictive power of the study. Results: Results from the intervention study reveal that the beliefs and attitudes about nutrition of the intervention group, calculated in terms of scores, improved significantly for both male and female subjects (P < 0.001) as compared to the control group. The mean BASNEF scores for improvements in beliefs among girls and boys were 79.2% and 70.1%, respectively and for attitudes, 61.2% and 59.4%. The increase was significantly higher in the intervention group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, participation in physical activity was more frequent among members of the intervention group than among those in the control group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The BASNEF model could be effective in encouraging the adoption of nutritious eating habits and more active lifestyles at an early age in order to foster long-term health and well-being.

INTRODUÇÃO: A despeito do aumento expressivo da população idosa nos últimos anos, são escassos os estudos brasileiros relacionados ao consumo alimentar desses indivíduos. OBJETIVOS: Propor uma lista de alimentos mais consumidos por idosos residentes na Zona Leste de São Paulo e analisar os alimentos que contribuem para o consumo de nutrientes relevantes ao estado nutricional e, consequentemente, à saúde dos idosos. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 100 indivíduos acima de 60 anos, frequentadores de um centro de referência. Para caracterização do estado nutricional foi calculado o Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Para elaboração das listas de alimentos foram aplicados dois recordatórios alimentares de 24 horas (RA24h) em duas estações diferentes do ano, que foram analisados quanto à frequência de consumo de cada alimento e quanto à contribuição percentual de energia, macronutrientes, fibras, cálcio e vitamina D. RESULTADOS: Com relação ao estado nutricional, 52% apresentaram o IMC < 28 kg/m²; 15% entre 28 e 30 kg/m²; 26% entre 30 e 35 kg/m² e 7% com IMC > 35 kg/m². O aspecto positivo da dieta foi a preservação de hábitos saudáveis como o consumo de arroz e feijão, e também de vegetais verde-escuros. Como aspecto negativo observou-se que a dieta dos idosos é monótona, pois poucos alimentos contribuem para o consumo de vários nutrientes. Além disso, houve um elevado consumo de carboidratos refinados em detrimento do consumo de alimentos integrais. CONCLUSÕES: As listas de alimentos obtidas, além de permitirem a reflexão sobre intervenções educativas, permitem o desenvolvimento subsequente de um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar específico para esse grupo. BACKGROUND: Despite the phenomena of population aging, Brazilian studies related to the feeding practices of elderly individuals are scarce. AIMS: To develop a list of the most ingested foods from community-dwelling elderly persons in the east-zone of São Paulo- Brazil and to analyse the foods that contribute most to relevant health-related nutrients of these individuals. METHODS: The study was performed with 100 individuals aged 60 years and above, registered at a local reference center. To describe the nutritional status, the weight and stature were measured and the BMI- body mass index was calculated. To develop the food lists, two 24h food recalls were applied, during two different seasons of the year. The food recalls were analysed for food intake frequency and for percentage contribution of each food and each nutrient: energy, macronutrients, calcium and vitamin D. RESULTS: The participants were classified as following: 52% with BMI < 28 kg/m²; 15% with BMI between 28 and 30 kg/m²; 26% between 30 and 35 kg/m² and 7% presented BMI> 35 kg/m². The positive aspects related to food intake were rice, bean and green vegetable consumption. As negative aspects, we observed that the diet pattern was repetitive, since few foods contributed to a high number of nutrients. Furthermore, a high ingestion of refined carbohydrates was observed instead of whole foods. CONCLUSION: The food lists allowed reflecting on educative interventions, and also allow future development of different food frequency questionnaires that are specific for this group.

The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) has been used as an important dietary assessment tool in epidemiologic studies, but the usefulness of the FFQ has been debated in recent years. This study was performed to evaluate the relative validities of 3-day food records and the semi-quantitative FFQ. A total of 124 subjects finished 3-day food records (FRs) during each of the four seasons, as well as the FFQ from December 2002 to May 2004. The FFQ was a food based semi-quantitative FFQ including 103 items. Three-day FRs from each season and a randomly selected season were compared with the remaining 9-day FRs. The remaining 9-day FRs, as a reference measurement, were also compared with the FFQ. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the 3-day FRs and the 9-day FRs were between 0.14 and 0.56. Pearson’s correlation coefficients between the FFQ and the 9-day FRs ranged between 0.07 and 0.41. Average proportions of classification into the same quartiles, adjacent quartiles, and distant quartiles between the 3-day FRs and the 9-day FRs were 35.8%, 40.5%, and 5.2%, respectively. On average, the proportions of classification into the same quartiles, adjacent quartiles, and distant quartiles between the FFQ and the 9-day FRs were 31.1%, 39.4%, and 6.9%, respectively. Three-day FRs showed higher correlations and higher agreement proportions of quartile classification with the 9-day FRs than did the FFQ, but both relative validities of 3-day FRs and the FFQ appear to be acceptable as dietary assessment tools. Further studies for validating food intake by reliable biomarkers are necessary.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the quantitative agreement between a 4-day food record and a 24-hour dietary recall in young men. METHODS: Thirty-four healthy men aged 18-25 years had their food intake estimated by 4-day food record within one week following 24-hour dietary recall in a cross-sectional study. Resting metabolic rate was assessed by indirect calorimetry and Energy Expenditure was estimated by physical activity records completed simultaneously with food intake records. The validity of food records was determined by direct comparison of Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure (95% confidence interval for Energy Intake/Energy Expenditure). RESULTS: There were good agreements between the measurements of energy and macronutrient intakes by 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record at the group level, but not at the individual level. Compared to energy expenditure, about 20% and 9% of participants underreported their Energy Intake by 4-day food record and 24-hour dietary recall, respectively. Over 30% of underreporters of Energy Intake estimated by 24-hour dietary recall underreported Energy Intake estimated by 4-day food record. CONCLUSION: Both diet methods, 24-hour dietary recall and 4-day food record, may be used to collect data at the group level, but not at the individual level. Both methods, however, appear to underestimate Energy Intake. Underreporting may be subject-specific and appears that is more difficult to retrieve valid dietary data from some people than others. OBJETIVO: Medir a concordância qualitativa entre registros alimentares, obtidos durante 4 dias, e recordatório alimentar de 24 horas em homens jovens. MÉTODOS: Em um estudo com delineamento transversal, o consumo alimentar de 34 homens saudáveis com idades entre 18 e 25 anos foi medido por meio do recordatório alimentar de 24 horas e uma semana depois, por meio de 4 dias de registros alimentares. O gasto energético em repouso foi medido por calorimetria indireta e o gasto energético total foi medido por meio de registros de atividade física. A validade dos registros alimentares foi determinada por comparação direta do consumo energético com o gasto energético total (intervalo de confiança de 95% para consumo energético/gasto energético total). RESULTADOS: A concordância entre medidas de consumo energético e de consumo de macronutrientes, obtida por meio de registros alimentares de 4 dias e por recordatório de 24 horas, foi boa para grupos, mas não para indivíduos. Comparado com o gasto energético total, um baixo consumo energético foi observado em 20% e em 9% dos participantes, quando o consumo alimentar foi obtido por meio de registros alimentares de 4 dias e por recordatório de 24 horas, respectivamente. Mais de 30% dos participantes que tiveram baixo consumo energético, obtido com a utilização de recordatório de 24 horas, também tiveram baixo consumo energético a partir do exame dos registros alimentares de 4 dias. CONCLUSÃO: O recordatório de 24 horas é uma opção para registros alimentares de 4 dias na coleta de dados para grupos, mas não para indivíduos. Entretanto, baixo consumo alimentar, em alguns participantes, foi observado quando ambos os métodos foram utilizados na coleta de dados de consumo alimentar. É possível que a determinação de baixo consumo alimentar em alguns participantes seja específica do participante, sugerindo que pode ser mais difícil obter dados precisos de umas pessoas do que de outras.

Diante das dificuldades existentes em torno do processo de avaliação do consumo alimentar, especificamente na adolescência, o presente estudo se propôs a comparar diferentes instrumentos de inquérito dietético utilizados no grupo etário em questão. Tal estudo foi realizado com 60 adolescentes, do sexo feminino, entre 14 e 18 anos de idade. Foram aplicados o 3 repetições do Recordatório de 24 Horas (R24H), Registro Alimentar de três dias (RA) e Lista de Compras (LC): da Família (LCF) e do Adolescente (LCA). Os R24H e RA mostraram boa reprodutibilidade, sendo possível inferir que uma única aplicação do R24H ou RA foi capaz de refletir a média (ou mediana) de ingestão do grupo populacional estudado. A utilização LC permitiu o conhecimento da disponibilidade de alimentos no contexto em que o indivíduo se insere. Todos os instrumentos dietéticos são passíveis de erros, assim a escolha do mais adequado deve se basear nos propósitos do estudo, bem como, na população estudada. Dietary records used for food consumption evaluation in adolescents: comparison among methods. Given the difficulties surrounding evaluating food consumption, specifically during adolescence, the goal of the present study was to compare different dietary assessment instruments used for this age group. The study was carried out with a group of 60 female adolescents between 14 and 18 years of age. Three repetitions of 24-Hour Recall, three-day Dietary Records and Purchase List of the adolescents and their families were collected. The 24 Hour Recall and Dietary Records had good repeatability, allowing to infer that only one application of oneof these instruments was capable of reflecting the ingestion average (or median) of the study population group. The Purchase List allowed us to know the food availability within the context of the individual’s conditions. All dietary assessment instruments may contain errors, therefore the choice of the most adequate method must rely on the objectives of the study being developed, as well as the study population.

This work examined the adequacy of the only food composition database available in Croatia to estimate fat and fatty acid intake. A 7-day food record with 39 participants was carried out. In addition to Croatian food composition tables (FCT1), the Swedish food tables (FCT2) were used to convert food records into quantities of total fat and saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. The subjects simultaneously collected duplicates of all consumed food. The chemical analysis of duplicates to determine total fat and fatty acids included extraction of fat, followed by methylation of fatty acids and GC analysis. According to the comparison of methods, FCT2 are a better predictor of fat and fatty acid intake than FCT1 because of their closer agreement with analysed values. The correlation coefficients imply that both food tables estimate most of these nutrients similarly to a reference method. However, food records combined with either of the food tables could not predict intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by men. In order to improve applicability of FCT1 in dietary surveys concerned with fat and fatty acids, the next edition should include changes in respect to an identified systematic error, as well as a greater choice of food items and their varieties. Accuracy of food records based on FCT1 could further be increased with subjects giving details on recipe ingredients, analysis of missing foods, etc.

Objective: The study was conducted to assess the relative validity of a 170-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (SFFQ) adapted for use in the elderly. Design and subjects: The study was carried out in a sample of 80 men and women aged 55-75 y participating in a community based prospective cohort study in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. The two-step dietary assessment comprised a simple self-administered questionnaire (20 min) followed by a structured interview with trained dietitians (20 min) based on the completed questionnaire. Multiple food records (FR) collected over a one year period served as reference method. 24 h urine urea was used as indirect marker for protein intake. Results: Compared with FR, the SFFQ generally overestimated nutrient intake as reflected by difference in means and the ratio of SFFQ to FR. Energy adjustment reduced the observed overestimation. Pearson's correlation coefficients varied from close to 0.5 to about 0.9 for crude data, and after adjustment for age, sex, total energy intake, and for within-person variability in daily intake for 0.4-0.8. Cross-classification into quintiles resulted in correct classification into the same or adjacent quintile of 75.8% for crude and 76.8% for energy adjusted data. Validation of protein intake estimated by SFFQ with protein excretion from 24 h urine urea indicated overestimation of protein intake by SFFQ. Spearman correlation coefficient between protein intake estimated from urea excretion and SFFQ was 0.67. Conclusions: Adaptation of a SEFQ for use in the elderly resulted in a valid and time-efficient dietary assessment instrument. Its ability to adequately rank study subjects according to their dietary intake support its application in epidemiological studies in the elderly.