Search

The article focuses on the author's discovery of a charge nurse ledger from the Red Cross Outpost Hospital in Paddockwood, Saskatchewan, revealing intimate family medical histories and broader community health trends. Topics include the hospital's role in supporting local residents during the Great Depression, the evolution of medical record-keeping over the decades, and the ethical considerations of accessing and sharing personal health information.

Thomas Sutpen's descent from the mountains in William Faulkner's Absalom, Absalom! (1936), a fall from the mountain paradise to the evils of slaveholding society, has long been considered comparable to the biblical Fall of Man. Surprisingly, however, the social, moral, and political overtones of Sutpen's Fall have been critically overlooked to a certain extent. This article explores Sutpen's descent from the mountains as well as the innocence that informs his design in order to showcase the full extent of Faulkner's metaphor of the Fall. I contend that the examination of Sutpen's Fall from a moral and sociological standpoint establishes an ideologically profound context in which the ethical and socioeconomic implications of Thomas Sutpen's story can be thoroughly investigated. Specifically, the article identifies Sutpen's commitment to his self-interest at the expense of others as his major transgression. For this reason, it maintains that the implications of Sutpen's story transcend the literary boundaries of the novel's nineteenth century timeframe and also comment insightfully on the moral and socioeconomic situation of the Great Depression, the devastating period within which Absalom, Absalom! was authored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores connections between domestic worker activism and anti-fascism in the United States—two topics that historians have usually considered separately. Through the lens of Black domestic worker and organizer Rosa Rayside, we see the strong links between the two political movements. In 1934, after co-founding the New York Domestic Workers Union (DWU), Rayside attended the World Congress of Women against War and Fascism in Paris. That congress defined fascism broadly, around nationalism, racism, repression of radicals, denial of civil liberties, capitalist and imperialist greed and warmongering, and threats to women. Notably, the congress specifically identified challenging U.S. racism and defending labor rights for domestic workers as part of a global anti-fascist fight. Influenced by this congress, and by communist organizing in Harlem during the Great Depression, Rayside and the DWU drew on anti-fascism ideologically and organizationally in the years that followed. Rayside worked to include domestic workers in labor and social security legislation, testifying before U.S. Congress in 1935 and helping to form the anti-fascist National Negro Congress (NNC) in 1936. Although their immediate legislative achievements were limited, the strategies that Rayside and the DWU pioneered—collaborating with community and political organizations, spearheading legislation, and shaping understandings of Black women's "triple oppression" based on race, class, and gender—were vital to the Black anti-fascist movement in the United States and shaped gains by domestic workers in later decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Girl Who Flew Under the Brooklyn Bridge" is a book that explores the experiences of Italian immigrants in the South Bronx during the early 20th century. The author, Emilio Iodice, weaves together a collection of stories that highlight the challenges and triumphs of these communities. The book emphasizes the importance of family, community, and core values in navigating the hardships of assimilation and pursuing the American Dream. It also touches on the history of female aviators, including Viola Gentry, who flew under the Brooklyn Bridge in 1926. Overall, the book offers a rich and vivid portrayal of life in New York City during this era. [Extracted from the article]

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been evident in macroeconomic performance indicators globally. With the adoption of lockdown measures varying in duration across nations, economic activity experienced a downturn reminiscent of the Great Depression of the 1930s. At the time, Keynes' effective demand model accentuated the importance of using expansionary fiscal and monetary policy. So, the public sector plays a significant role when an economy faces a crisis. We can easily comprehend the status and role of the public sector during the pandemic, particularly in terms of health, security and policing. A state of lockdown during the pandemic led to widespread job losses, business closures, and supply chain disruptions, which had severe economic consequences. This study highlights the potential of the effective demand theory in addressing the uncertainties brought about by the pandemic, particularly in India, while advocating for amplified government participation. In addition, the study also aligns with the Keynesian approach of robust government intervention to mitigate the repercussions of the pandemic and underscores the pivotal role of the public sector in navigating through the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows how policy announcements can be used to manage expectations. Using regional variation in radio exposure, I evaluate the impact of FDR's 1935 Fireside Chat, in which he showcased the introduction of important social policies, establishing a new expansionary cycle of the New Deal. I document that cities with higher exposure to the announcement exhibited a significant increase in spending on durable goods. The estimated effect is consistent with changes in expectations in line with the policies announced. This paper shows the power of communication as a policy tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a review of the book "Entrenchment, Wealth, Power, and the Constitution of Democratic Societies" by Paul Starr. The book explores the concept of entrenchment and how political institutions become entrenched over time. It discusses mechanisms of entrenchment such as strategic entrenchment, positive feedback loops, and cultural entrenchment. The book also examines the link between property and political power, the entrenchment of democracy, and the entrenchment of the modern welfare state. It suggests that entrenchment can be influenced by factors such as political polarization, globalization, and critical junctures in history. The book provides insights for management scholars studying institutions and their socioeconomic consequences. [Extracted from the article]

"Making the Unknown Known: Women in Early Texas Art, 1860s–1960s" edited by Victoria Hennessey Cummins and Light Townsend Cummins is a comprehensive volume that sheds light on the depth and creativity of women artists in Texas. The book covers the contributions of artists such as Emma Richardson Cherry, Elisabet Ney, Grace Spaulding John, and Dorothy Hood, highlighting their role in the state's artistic development. Through well-researched chapters and biographical studies, the book showcases the underappreciated role women artists have played in shaping the cultural landscape of Texas, despite facing challenges and societal expectations. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the role of automobiles in John Steinbeck's "The Grapes of Wrath." It discusses how automobiles became cultural signs in the 1930s, reflecting social class distinctions and cultural shifts during the Great Depression. It also explores how automobiles acted as vehicles for westward mobility but also revealed the limitations and gender dynamics within the family and delves into the symbolism of automobiles as technology and machinery.

The article "Mutual Reckonings: You Cannot Know Your Country, Unless Your Country Knows You" by Dan Bouk explores the history and significance of the U.S. Census, emphasizing its role in shaping democracy and reflecting societal values. Bouk delves into the complexities of census data, highlighting how it can reveal deeper truths about the nation's systems and institutions. By examining the census of 1940 and the stories within it, Bouk sheds light on the power dynamics, silences, and political implications embedded in the data. The article underscores the importance of reading and interpreting census data to better understand American democracy and the diverse perspectives it encompasses. [Extracted from the article]

This article considers the gardening work of prairie women in the context of farming difficulties and agricultural rehabilitation on the Canadian Prairies in the 1930s and 1940s. It is based on analysis of gardening coverage in the Western Producer (a prairie periodical aimed at English-speaking farm families) and engagement with the records of federal government officials involved in the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration and the Experimental Farms Service. The article establishes the significance of women's gardening work and its important role in agricultural rehabilitation. In doing so, the article makes clear the ambition underlying agricultural rehabilitation, a federal government project intended to help protect permanent homes for settler families on the Canadian Prairies. Contributing to the understudied topics of rural experiences in women's history and of women's experiences in environmental history and the history of knowledge, the article illustrates the importance of considering gendered knowledge from below in grappling with the consolidation of agricultural colonization on the Canadian Prairies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is an editor's note from the Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society. It discusses three articles that raise questions about the past and its impact on current events in Illinois and the nation. The first article examines a little-known but important labor confrontation in Waukegan during the New Deal era. The second article analyzes an early twentieth-century effort to address racial, ethnic, and economic conflicts in East St. Louis. The third article explores the significance of salt licks in Illinois's territorial and early statehood periods. The editor also includes an interview with James R. Barrett, a historian who discusses Illinois's role in various historical topics and themes. [Extracted from the article]

This paper examines the role of partisanship at the provincial and federal levels in relation to the functioning of the Canadian economy. At the provincial level (1976–2019), we find no evidence of a traditional partisan effect but do find evidence weakly consistent with a rational partisan cycle a ′ la Alesina. At the federal level (1870–2020), we also find no evidence consistent with a distinctive expansion in output arising when the government is controlled by the left-leaning (Liberal) political party although we again find evidence of a weak rational partisan effect. The former result is reinforced by finding the absence of evidence of partisan changes in federal spending and/or taxation. But while the data do not support a theory of left-right partisan policy over the entire post-Confederation (1867) period of Canada's history, the data do support distinctive periods of partisan influence on aggregate output. The first is consistent with Sir John A. MacDonald's post-Confederation conservative government's adoption of a policy of nation-building based on the railway, immigration, and tariffs. The second is the period between 1885 and 1933 where traditional left-right partisanship is evident and the third is the period following the Great Depression where a distinction between the outcomes arising under left- versus right-leaning parties is no longer apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical research paper conducts a comparative analysis of the recovery strategies implemented and their significance on countries with different economic affluence such as the US and Brazil, during the Great Depression. The most significant measures included the New Deal for the US and coffee valorization for Brazil. This study focuses on examining the recovery strategies adopted by these countries and comparing them which is scarce. The hypothesis for this research is: "The more affluent country (US) has more effective recovery strategies than the less affluent country (Brazil)." By shedding light on the differing experiences of 'rich' and 'poor' nations during the Great Depression, this research provides valuable insights into the challenges faced by countries with varying economic statuses. Prior research papers and Figures were used to calculate the rise in GDP of both countries during the 1929-1939 period, which resulted in Brazil having a 44% increase in GDP and the US 40%, proving the hypothesis incorrect. However, this can be attributed to the importance of tailored recovery approaches based on a nation's development level and specific circumstances exhibiting Brazil's massive economic success. However, The US's more general strategies might have broader applicability than Brazil's specific measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the contributions of Ralph Hawtrey to monetary theory and macroeconomics, focusing on his monetary business cycle theory and his monetary explanation of the Great Depression. Unlike Milton Friedman's US‐centred explanation of the Great Depression, Hawtrey's was focused on the international gold standard that collapsed with the outset of World War I and the attempt to restore it. Hawtrey urged that, after restoration of the gold standard, increased monetary demand for gold be restrained to prevent gold appreciation and deflation. But deliberate French gold accumulation in 1928 and interest‐rate increases by the Federal Reserve, led to the ruinous deflation foreseen by Hawtrey. The article then critically evaluates recent discussions of Hawtrey's contributions in books by Hetzel (2023) and Mattei (2022). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cement industry is among the top three polluters among all industries and the examination of the nonlinear and cointegration dynamics between cement production and CO2 emissions has not been explored. Focusing on this research gap, the study employs a novel Markov-switching autoregressive distributed lag (MS-ARDL) model and its generalization to vector error correction, the MS-VARDL model, for regime-dependent causality testing. The new method allows the determination of nonlinear long-run and short-run relations, regime duration, and cement-induced-CO2 emission cycles in the USA for a historically long dataset covering 1900–2021. Empirical findings point to nonlinearity in all series and nonlinear cointegration between cement production and cement-induced CO2 emissions. The phases of regimes coincide closely with NBER's official economic cycles for the USA. The second regime, characterized by expansions, lasts twice as long relative to the first, the contractionary regime, which contains severe economic recessions, as well as economic crises, the 1929 Great Depression, the 1973 Oil Crisis, the 2009 Great Recession, and the COVID-19 Shutdown and Wars, including WWI and II. In both regimes, the adverse effects of cement production on CO2 emissions cannot be rejected with varying degrees both in the long and the short run. Markov regime-switching vector autoregressive distributed lag (MS-VARDL) causality tests confirm unidirectional causality from cement production to CO2 emissions in both regimes. The traditional Granger causality test produces an over-acceptance of causality in a discussed set of cases. Industry-level policy recommendations include investments to help with the shift to green kiln technologies and energy efficiency. National-level policies on renewable energy and carbon capture are also vital considering the energy consumption of cement production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Buried Treasures: The Political Power of Fairy Tales" by Jack Zipes explores the works of forgotten writers and artists from the 19th and 20th centuries who used fairy tales to criticize society and imagine utopian futures. The book focuses on exiles and political refugees, many of whom were of Jewish origins and believed in communism or socialism. The chapters provide biographical information, quotes, and summaries of the artists' and writers' works. The book argues that fairy tales have the power to speak to human struggles and social conflicts, offering a way to gain distance from our experiences and sort them out. [Extracted from the article]

This article offers articulation theory as a tool for listening and thinking about the culture in and around writing centers. After defining a method of articulation analysis that considers articulation, disarticulation, and rearticulation, as well as alignments, contradictions, and tensions within a context, the article performs an articulation analysis on contemporary writing center work. The analysis considers the writing center's relationship to democracy, multiculturalism, neoliberalism, ethics, and social justice, as shaped by the Great Depression, the Vietnam War, and the 2008 financial crisis. The article concludes with a reflection on the results of the analysis and interventions that may open possibilities for systemic change, including approaches to communal justicing, modeling workplace culture, and training tutors in articulation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the origins of German banks' risk‐taking in the years preceding the 1931 crisis. The 1920s were marked by a large and prolonged increase in capital flows into Germany, chiefly from the United States and the United Kingdom. This coincided, at the individual bank level, with a rise in leverage and a fall in liquidity. We examine possible connections between the two phenomena. Our analysis is based on a combination of historiographical work and statistical modelling based on a newly hand‐collected bimonthly dataset on German reporting banks from 1925 to 1935. Bank by bank we examine the effects of foreign inflows on decisions related to leverage, lending, and liquidity. The Dawes Plan of 1924 and the relative absence of a too‐big‐to‐fail (TBTF) environment allow us to mitigate endogeneity concerns. We suggest that while capital inflows did not seem to impact banks' liquidity decisions, their impact on leverage was non‐negligeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable financing for immunization refers to the sufficient and predictable allocation and use of resources to support the achievement of immunization goals within the framework of overall health financing. The Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030) agenda spells out four important focus areas needed for sustainable financing: (1) ensuring sufficient and predictable resources, (2) making optimal use of resources, (3) aligning partnerships, and (4) supporting sustainable transitions from external assistance. This paper summarizes the evidence and proposes interventions under each area. While immunization is one of the best investments and justifies public financing, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the worst economic recession since the Great Depression and threatens countries' ability to mobilize funding to ensure continuity and access to essential services, including immunization. Strategies for ensuring adequate resources differ by income group but include raising more revenues, reprioritizing the budget towards health, and ensuring that health resources favor Primary Health Care (PHC) and immunization. In low- and lower-middle income countries, support from Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, which channels the largest amount of external financing, will remain important, but some lower-middle income countries will need to prepare for transition. Countries benefitting from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) are also experiencing a transition from GPEI financing to domestic and other external financing. This paper outlines ways in which countries can improve the use of domestic and external resources to better incentivize high-quality PHC and immunization services and align immunization programs with health sector reforms. While governments must lead, collective action from development partners, the private sector, and civil society is needed to promote health system financing systems that ensure that the world is better prepared for future outbreaks and pandemics, while reinforcing the IA2030 vision and making progress towards universal health coverage and the Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Baseball: The Turbulent Midcentury Years" by Steven P. Gietschier is a comprehensive and well-researched book that explores the history of baseball from 1930 to 1960. The author focuses on key individuals who had a significant impact on the game during this period, such as Connie Mack, Branch Rickey, and Yogi Berra. The book also examines the influence of major historical events, such as World Wars I and II and the Great Depression, on the development of baseball. Gietschier provides extensive analysis of minor league baseball and labor relations within the sport. Overall, this book is a valuable resource for anyone interested in the history of baseball during the mid-twentieth century. [Extracted from the article]

Laura Hobson Faure's book explores the post-Holocaust encounters between American Jewish philanthropic organizations, such as the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), and their French counterparts in the context of the Cold War, the creation of Israel, and the rebuilding of Europe. The book highlights the significant influence that American Jewish organizations had on the reconstruction of France's Jewish community, bringing funds and importing structures and methods from the United States. The author draws from a variety of sources, including oral history interviews and archives, to support her arguments. This book provides valuable insights into the transnational relations between American Jews and French Jews after World War II. [Extracted from the article]

Anne-Christine Klotz's monograph explores the Jewish reaction from East-Central and Eastern Europe to National Socialism between 1930 and 1941. The book focuses on four Yiddish newspapers based in Warsaw and their journalists, examining how they responded to political developments in Germany and the persecution of Jews. The author highlights the ambivalent feelings of Warsaw's Jewish journalists and Polish Jews towards Germany and German Jews, and discusses the role of the Jewish press in disseminating information and ideas within the Jewish community in Poland. The book also explores the reporting activities of Polish Jewish journalists in Berlin, the information contained in press releases, Yiddish travelogues from Nazi Germany, and the activism of Polish Jewry against Nazi Germany. The last chapter covers the years 1938 to 1941, with a focus on three historical events and Jewish reactions to them. The book is meticulously researched and draws on a variety of sources, providing valuable insight into the thoughts and feelings of Jewish journalists during this period. [Extracted from the article]

The book "Asia Alone: The Dangerous Post-Crisis Divide from America" by Simon Tay explores the impact of the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997-1998 and its aftermath, highlighting how Western leaders and institutions exacerbated tensions in Asia. Tay argues for continued engagement between Asia and the United States to avoid isolation and protectionism, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach. The book also delves into the geopolitical and economic dynamics between Asia and the West, questioning the feasibility of a unified Asian response to global challenges. [Extracted from the article]

Thirteen institutions left the Southern Conference to form the Southeastern Conference during 1932. Why did these schools leave the Southern Conference? Previous historical research portrays the large size of the Southern Conference and the desire to pass academic reforms as reasons for the Southeastern Conference's formation. This article argues that the university presidents and other administrators at Southeastern Conference institutions formed it to enhance the legitimacy of their member institutions. Throughout the Great Depression, the conference's administrators pursued increased legitimacy by attempting to reform academic eligibility rules, allowing football games to be broadcast over the radio, awarding athletic scholarships, allowing member institutions to compete in emerging postseason football bowl games, and hiring a commissioner. This instance of conference realignment is historically significant because some of the policies implemented by the Southeastern Conference contributed to its rise as one of the top revenue-generating conferences in college athletics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidemiology of mental disorders emerged in the post-1945 era at the intersections of different areas of knowledge. Given its ambitions, the Stirling County Study provides an instructive case study. It is also a good example of how the epidemiology applied methodological skills from social sciences. This paper aims, first, to reconstruct one of the first episodes in the development of psychiatric epidemiology. Its second purpose is to provide a detailed description of interdisciplinarity at work, and to examine its effects. After explaining some of the major features of the Stirling County Study, I emphasize the links between some of the first results, particularly regarding young people as a population at risk, and the job market after the Great Depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difference between the representation of German femininity in the 1920s and the 1930s is striking: while glamorous flappers with bob haircuts ruled the beginning of the interwar period, its end is characterized by serious and earnest—and often longhaired—young women. Rather than taking the obvious route of relating this change to the political changes in Germany, most importantly the rise of the Nazis, this article argues that the changing representation of interwar femininity in Germany was always embedded in a transnational, transatlantic process. The transformation of flappers into humble girls started well before the Nazis came to power and was fueled by a wide variety of voices, from communist to bourgeois actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ámbitos Feministas is the property of Ambitos Feministas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Atatürk Yolu Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Yolu Journal / Ataturk Yolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Modern Turkish History Studies / Cumhuriyet Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi (CTAD) is the property of Ataturk Institute for Modern Turkish History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Great Depression was characterized by widespread fiscal policy mistakes in the form of a contractionary or insufficiently expansionary fiscal stance. Despite this general conclusion, there were large differences in the conduct of fiscal policy between countries. I find that a higher degree of fiscal capacity helped countries run less procyclical fiscal policies by allowing them to borrow more extensively. Lower borrowing costs only partially explain this finding. Taken together, the results indicate that interwar governments were constrained in their policies by past investments in fiscal capacity, and not just by Gold Standard membership, ideology, and inadequate knowledge, as commonly held in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article delves into Irene Baird's 1939 novel "Waste Heritage," set in Vancouver and Vancouver Island in 1938, highlighting its depiction of labor struggles during the Great Depression, and examines the book's eugenic rhetoric in portraying unemployed workers. It discusses how literary critics have reassessed the novel's political stance over time, moving from a justification for socialism to recognizing its nuanced, and sometimes critical, view of leftist politics.

The article is a bibliographic review of a book written by Andreu Espasa de la Fuente that analyzes the Great Depression of the 1930s and the role of Franklin Delano Roosevelt in implementing the New Deal. The book is divided into several chapters that address the events leading up to the crisis, the 1932 presidential elections, the implementation of the New Deal, and the debate on the democratization of the economic and political system. Topics such as the economic thinking of the time, the recession of 1937-1938, the emergence of Keynesianism, and the criticism of Roosevelt's pragmatic reformism are also discussed. The article concludes by reflecting on the political legacy of the New Deal and the proposal of the Green New Deal as a new progressive agenda to address the current economic crisis. [Extracted from the article]