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Numerous estuaries of the world have been strongly modified by human activities. These interferences can make great adjustments of not only sediment transport processes, but also the collective behavior of the estuary. This paper provides a typical case of a heavily modified coastal plain estuary of Sheyang on the China coast, where a sluice barrage was built in 1956 to stop the intrusions of storm surges and saline water. Four sets of instrumented tripods were simultaneously deployed along a cross-shore transect to continuously observe near-bed flow currents and sediment transport. The in-situ surveys lasted over a spring and neap tide cycle when a strong wind event occurred in the neap tide. Comparisons of flows and sediment transport between tide-dominated and wind-dominated conditions demonstrated the important role of episodic wind events in flows and sediment transport. The wind-induced currents, bottom stresses, and sediment transport rates were significantly greater when wind was present than corresponding quantities induced by the tides. The long-shore sediment transport induced by winds exceeds the cross-shore component, especially near the river mouth bar. These results indicate the noticeable importance of wave-dominated coastal processes in shaping topographic features. A regime shift of estuarine evolution under highly intense human forcing occurs from fluvial to marine processes. This finding suggests that the management strategy of the estuarine system should focus on the restoration of estuarine processes, rather than the present focus on inhibition of marine dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the prevalence and characteristics of MCRPEC in pig farms, 278 pig fecal samples were collected from a pig farm in Jiangxi Province. Ten MCRPEC strains were laboratory isolated by culture, PCR, and gel electrophoresis. The brothmicrodilution was adopted for the drug sensitivity test. After whole-genome sequencing, the resistance genes and plasmid typing were analyzed, and the transferability of mcr-1 was verified through plasmid conjugation transfer. The results showed that all ten strains were resistant to colistin, gentamicin, florfenicol, trimethoprim, cefotaxime, and tetracycline, with a MDR rate of 100%. The ten MCRPEC strains were found to belong to seven STs, and mcr-1 was mainly located on the IncI2 plasmid, featuring a typical plasmid coupling transfer part, type IV secretion system, and antimonite protein gene; horizontal transfer occurred in nine strains. These results indicate that MCRPEC exists on this pig farm and is MDR. Bacterial monitoring should be strengthened, the use of antibiotics on farms should be reduced, and the spread of ARGs should be controlled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decade,end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) frameworks have developed rapidly.End-to-end ASR has shown not only very different characteristics from traditional ASR based on hidden Markov models (HMMs),but also advanced performances.Thus,end-to-end ASR is being more and more popular and has become another major type of ASR frameworks.A keyword search (KWS) framework based on end-to-end ASR and frame-synchronous alignment is proposed for solving the problem that end-to-end ASR cannot provide accurate keyword timestamps and confidence scores,and experimental verification on a Vietnamese dataset is made.First,utterances are decoded by an end-to-end Uyghur ASR system,obtaining N-best hypotheses.Next,a dynamic programming-based alignment algorithm is implemented on each of these ASR hypotheses and per-frame phoneme probabilities,which are provided by a phoneme classifier jointly trained with the ASR model,to compute time stamps and confidence scores for each word in N-best hypotheses.Then,final KWS result is obtained by detecting keywords within N-best hypotheses and removing duplicated keyword occurrences according to time stamps and confident scores.Experimental results on a Vietnamese conversational telephone speech dataset show that the proposed KWS system achieves an F1 score of 77.6%,which is relatively 7.8% higher than the F1 score of the traditional HMM-based KWS system.The proposed system also provides reliable keyword confidence scores.

This study is to explore the effect of Xiangdan Injection on anticoagulation of warfarin in rats. Rats were randomly divided into different groups and then administered, subsequently the blood samples were collected at a set series of time points to measure PT(prothrombin time) and APTT(activated partial thromboplastin time) values, and INR(international normalized ratio) value was calculated. The plasma concentrations of warfarin enantiomers were determined by UPLC-MS/MS technology, and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS 2.0 software. Statistical analysis was performed to compare differences between the groups. Single-dose study of warfarin showed that Xiangdan Injection alone had no effects on PT, APTT and INR, but when co-administrated with warfarin, PT and INR values were increased(P<0.01), while APTT was unaffected; after co-administration of the two drugs, C_(max), AUC_(0-t), and AUC_(0-∞) of S-warfarin increased(P<0.01), and t_(1/2) prolonged(P<0.01), while the pharmacokinetic parameters of R-warfarin were not changed significantly. Steady-state study of warfarin showed that after co-administration of the two drugs, the PT and INR values increased(P<0.05), and the plasma concentration of S-warfarin increased(P<0.01), while the plasma concentration of R-warfarin was not changed significantly. The results suggest that Xiangdan Injection itself has no effect on coagulation index, but can enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin by slowing metabolism of S-warfarin.