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In the Pinar del Río province, in the last five years a certain decrease in the performance of short distance runners has been noted. One of the aspects that affects this is the poor use of the start. This research was carried out with the objective of analyzing the behavior at the start of the 100-meter dash race of school sprinters in the 12-15 year category of the Pinar del Río Sports Initiation School. Currently, efforts are made to personalize the type of start to the specific characteristics of each local athlete to guarantee optimal use of their anthropometric characteristics, muscular power, race distance and location on the track. The study was carried out with eight athletes in the 12-15 year old category, male, enrolled in the speed area at the Pinar del Río Sports Initiation School. A documentary review of the low start training process carried out in school sprinters was carried out, in addition to applying other empirical methods such as: observation to training, measurement and survey technique. The results show that there are factors in the training process that threaten the competitive success of these athletes; this generates the need to organize actions in a sequential, logical order that allows their improvement based on adjustment to changes in the condition of these subjects., Na província de Pinar del Río, nos últimos cinco anos, notou-se uma certa diminuição no desempenho dos corredores de curta distância.Um dos aspectos que afeta isso é o mau aproveitamento da largada.Esta pesquisa foi realizada com o objetivo de analisar o comportamento na largada da corrida de 100 metros rasos de velocistas escolares da categoria 12-15 anos da Escola de Iniciação Esportiva Pinar del Río.Atualmente, são feitos esforços para personalizar o tipo de largada às características específicas de cada atleta local para garantir o aproveitamento ideal de suas características antropométricas, potência muscular, distância de corrida e localização na pista.O estudo foi realizado com oito atletas da categoria 12 a 15 anos, do sexo masculino, matriculados na área de velocidade da Escola de Iniciação Esportiva Pinar del Río.Foi realizada uma revisão documental do processo de treinamento low start realizado em velocistas escolares, além de aplicar outros métodos empíricos como: observação ao treinamento, medição e técnica de levantamento.Os resultados mostram que existem fatores no processo de treinamento que ameaçam o sucesso competitivo desses atletas;Isso gera a necessidade de organizar as ações em uma ordem sequencial e lógica que permita seu aprimoramento a partir do ajuste às mudanças na condição desses sujeitos., En la provincia Pinar del Río, en los últimos cinco años se ha notado cierto descenso de los rendimientos de los corredores de distancias cortas. Entre uno de los aspectos que incide en ello figura el pobre aprovechamiento de la arrancada. Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de analizar del comportamiento, en la arrancada de la carrera de 100 metros planos de los velocistas escolares categoría 12-15 años de la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva de Pinar del Río. En la actualidad, se procura personalizar el tipo de arrancada a las características específicas de cada atleta, local para garantizar un aprovechamiento óptimo de sus características antropométricas, potencia muscular, distancia de carrera y ubicación en la pista. El estudio se llevó a cabo con los ocho atletas de la categoría 12-15 años, sexo masculino, matriculados en el área de velocidad en la Escuela de Iniciación Deportiva de Pinar del Río. Se realizó una revisión documental del proceso de entrenamiento de la arrancada baja que se lleva a cabo en los velocistas escolares, además de aplicar otros métodos empíricos como: la observación a los entrenamientos, la medición y la técnica de encuesta. Los resultados arrojados muestran que existen factores en el proceso de entrenamiento que atentan contra el éxito competitivo de estos atletas; esto genera necesidad de organizar acciones en un orden secuencial, lógica que permitan su perfeccionamiento en base al ajuste a los cambios de la condición de de estos sujetos.

This article presents the technical-pedagogical strategies developed by the EduTLan group for the preservation of emberá language. Strategies such as applications and videos are part of the proposals that have been carried out with emberá community of Alto Sinú in the department of Córdoba. Firstly, an introduction is made to the problem of the disappearance of languages and the laws for their conservation and revitalization. Next, the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) is described as a research proposal and, finally, the results regarding the use of the strategies in emberá schools are shown., Este artículo presenta las estrategias técnico-pedagógicas desarrolladas por el grupo EduTLan para la preservación de la lengua emberá. Estrategias como aplicaciones y cartillas hacen parte de las propuestas que se vienen realizando con la comunidad emberá del Alto Sinú en el departamento de Córdoba. Primeramente, se hace una introducción a la problemática sobre la desaparición de las lenguas y las leyes para la conservación y la revitalización de éstas. Seguidamente, se describe la metodología de investigación en diseño (DSRM) como propuesta de investigación y, finalmente, se muestran los resultados en cuanto al uso de las estrategias en las escuelas emberá.

The world is in constant change and cultural exchange, so human beings must be prepared to live and coexist in changing and heterogeneous environments. One of the main strategies of the educational sector for this is internationalization through student mobility. For this reason, this article presents the results of a study implemented with graduates of the Bachelor's Degree in Languages from the Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco who carried out international student mobility, to determine the impact it had on the professional field of the graduates. The results allowed us to conclude that international student mobility generates different benefits for graduates of the Bachelor's Degree in Languages, both professionally and personally. This experience helps to improve professional performance, as it promotes development, adaptability, problem solving, as well as provides the possibility of improving communication skills both in the mother tongue and in a second or foreign language., El mundo se encuentra en constante cambio e intercambio cultural, por lo que los seres humanos deben estar preparados para vivir y convivir en entornos cambiantes y heterogéneos. Una de las principales estrategias del sector educativo para esto es la internacionalización a través de la movilidad estudiantil. Por esta razón, en este artículo se presentan los resultados de un estudio implementado con egresados de la Licenciatura en Idiomas de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco que realizaron movilidad estudiantil internacional, para determinar el impacto que esta tuvo en el ámbito profesional de los egresados. Los resultados permitieron concluir que la movilidad estudiantil internacional genera diferentes beneficios para los egresados de la Licenciatura en Idiomas tanto a nivel profesional como personal. Esta experiencia ayuda a mejorar el desempeño, ya que promueve el desenvolvimiento, la adaptabilidad, la resolución de problemas, así como brinda la posibilidad de mejorar las habilidades comunicativas tanto en la lengua materna como en una segunda lengua o lengua extranjera.

The article presents the critical design of the CubeSat for the FACSAT-2 (SAT-CHIRIBIQUETE) space mission for the georeferenced observation and analysis of the Colombian territory for environmental protection purposes. The satellite provides, through two payloads, data as electro-optical multispectral images (resolution between 4.75 m and 5 m) and, in parallel, data using a spectrometer in the short-wave infrared spectral range of 1000-1700 nm for monitoring greenhouse gases. Based on high-level technical requirements and the operational concept, the input identification and definition of the architecture of the space, ground, and launch segments were performed, defining a six-unit satellite, a ground segment with an S/X-band antenna in the city of Cali, and the use of an EXOpod with launcher-associated characteristics. The subsystems of the mechanical structure, electrical power system, data and command handling system, on-board communication system, and attitude control and determination system were defined and characterized in detail, in accordance with the ECSS standards of the European Space Agency. The initial design solution was customized based on spaces, operational and technical requirements, and the financial budget available for the space mission. It is noteworthy that the article contains exclusive contributions from Colombia, including the definition of the S/X-Band antenna, encryption software, and the design and implementation of the physical interface board to achieve electronic compatibility between the satellite bus and the Argus 2000 spectrometer., El artículo presenta el diseño crítico del nanosatélite para la misión espacial FACSAT-2 (SAT-CHIRIBIQUETE) para la observación y análisis georreferenciado del territorio colombiano con fines de protección ambiental. El satélite proporciona, a través de dos cargas útiles, datos como imágenes multiespectrales electroópticas (resolución entre 4,75 m y 5 m) y, en paralelo, datos mediante un espectrómetro en el rango espectral infrarrojo de onda corta de 1000-1700 nm para el seguimiento de gases de efecto invernadero. Con base en los requerimientos técnicos de alto nivel y el concepto operacional, se realiza la identificación de insumos y la definición de la arquitectura de los segmentos espacial, terrestre y de lanzamiento, definiendo un satélite de seis unidades, un segmento terrestre con una antena de banda S/X en la ciudad de Cali, y el uso de un EXOpod con características asociadas al lanzador. Bajo los estándares ECSS de la Agencia Espacial Europea se definen en detalle y se caracterizan los subsistemas la Estructura y sistema mecánico, Sistema de energía eléctrica, Sistema de manejo de datos y comandos, Sistema de comunicación a bordo, Sistema de control de actitud y determinación. La solución de diseño inicial se personalizó en función de los espacios, requerimientos operacionales y técnicos, y el presupuesto financiero disponible para la misión espacial. Es de anotar, que el articulo contiene aportes exclusivos de Colombia con la definición de la antena Banda S/X, el software de cifrado, el diseño e implementación de la tarjeta de interface física para lograr compatibilidad electrónica entre el bus satelital y el espectrómetro Argus 2000.

Digital Humanities, Corpus and Language Technology: A look from diverse case studies is an outstanding collection of research contributions that explores the intersection of technology and the humanities. The authors provide a comprehensive overview of how these technologies can enhance research across various disciplines, from literature to history to anthropology. This book is a mustread for anyone interested in future research in the humanities. Digital Humanities, Corpus, and Language Technologies are rapidly growing fields that have the potential to revolutionize research across various disciplines. New technologies have opened up new perspectives for research, allowing scientists to analyze data in previously impossible ways. The interdisciplinary approach and practical applications make it an invaluable resource for researchers, students, and anyone interested in the intersection of technology and the humanities. This publication is peer reviewed. Typesetting: LINE UP boek en media bv: Mirjam KroondijkCover design: Bas Ekkers Published by University of Groningen PressBroerstraat 4 9712 CP GroningenIn co-edition with Facultad de Comunicaciones y Filología, Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia) Production support: LINE UP boek en media bv The Softcover version of this book (ISBN: 9789403430232) can be ordered via Print on demand directly on the site of our partner Uitgeverij kleine Uil, and through all regular (internet) bookshops. International shipping is possible via Amazon. Mainly due to a software update and a new way of presenting this edited volume with separate landing pages per chapter, the old download statistic of this book has disappeared, the number of pdf downloads until 1 July was: 1421

Airway management is a great challenge in complex maxillofacial fractures from an anesthetic point of view. Sometimes it is not possible to achieve a secure airway by oral or nasal intubation and a tracheostomy is required. Submental intubation is a simple, fast and safe option, which allows maintaining a secure airway during the surgery. This technique reduces the complications and risks associated with a tracheostomy, especially in pediatric patients. This is a case report of a twelve-year-old patient with a severe craneofacial trauma that illustrates the importance of submental intubation., El manejo de la vía aérea en las fracturas maxilofaciales complejas supone un gran reto desde el punto de vista anestésico. En la mayoría de los casos no existe la posibilidad de intubación nasal u oral y es necesario realizar una traqueostomía. Durante la edad pediátrica esto supone un aumento importante de morbimortalidad por lo que planteamos la intubación submentoniana como método alternativo. Es una técnica simple y rápida que permite compartir el campo quirúrgico junto con el mantenimiento de la vía aérea de forma segura en este tipo de intervenciones. A continuación, presentaremos el caso de un paciente de 12 años con traumatismo craneofacial severo con el propósito de describir la técnica de intubación submentoniana y sus indicaciones.

We construct a special type of fundamental regions for any Fuchsian group $F$ generated, by an even number of half-turns, and for certain non-Euclidean crystallographic groups (NEC groups in short). By comparing these regions we give geometrical conditions for F to be the canonical Fuchsian subgroup of one of those NEC groups. Precisely speaking, we deal with NEC groups of algebraic genus 0 having all periods in the signature equal to 2. By means of these conditions we give a characterization of hyperelliptic and symmetric Riemann surfaces., Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

The authors obtain the pairs of generators, necessary to study the non-orientable case, of the alternating groups $A_n$ for $n=15$, 21, 22, 28 and 29, which are also Hurwitz groups, groups with maximal number of automorphisms on Riemann surfaces. The results found here can be applied to handle the corresponding problem on non-orientable surfaces. In particular, they show that the ones for $n=15$ and 28 match the bound for non-orientable surfaces, while the ones for $n=21$, 22 and 29 do not. They also obtain some other Hurwitz groups which are at the same time proper subgroups of the alternating groups. They obtain a way of deciding which alternating groups are also $H^*$-groups., Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

In this work we give pairs of generators (x, y) for the alternating groups An, 5 ≤ n ≤ 19, such that they determine the minimal genus of a Riemann surface on which An acts as the automorphism group. Using these results we prove that A15 is the unique of these groups that is an H*-group, i.e., the groups achieving the upper bound of the order of an automorphism group acting on non-orientable unbordered surfaces., Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

In virtue of the Belyi Theorem an algebraic curve can be defined over the algebraic numbers if and only if the corresponding Riemann surface can be uniformized by a subgroup of a Fuchsian triangle group. Such surfaces are known as Belyi surfaces. Here we study the actions of the symmetric groups S n on Belyi Riemann surfaces. We show that such surfaces are symmetric and we calculate the number of connected components of the corresponding real forms., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

A Klein surface with boundary of algebraic genus $\mathfrak{p}\geq 2$, has at most $12(\mathfrak{p}-1)$ automorphisms. The groups attaining this upper bound are called $M^{\ast}$-groups, and the corresponding surfaces are said to have maximal symmetry. The $M^{\ast}$-groups are characterized by a partial presentation by generators and relators. The alternating groups $A_{n}$ were proved to be $M^{\ast}$-groups when $n\geq 168$ by M. Conder. In this work we prove that $A_{n}$ is an $M^{\ast }$-group if and only if $n\geq 13$ or $n=5,10$. In addition, we describe topologically the surfaces with maximal symmetry having $A_{n}$ as automorphism group, in terms of the partial presentation of the group. As an application we determine explicitly all such surfaces for $n\leq 14$. Each finite group $G$ acts as an automorphism group of several Klein surfaces. The minimal genus of these surfaces is called the real genus of the group, $\rho(G)$. If $G$ is an $M^{\ast}$-group then $\rho(G)=\frac{o(G)}{12}+1$. We end our work by calculating the real genus of the alternating groups which are not $M^{\ast}$-groups., Depto. de Álgebra, Geometría y Topología, Fac. de Ciencias Matemáticas, TRUE, pub

This project stems from the need to understand and recognize ethnic cultures, more specifically the Embera Katío culture that inhabits the upper part of the Sinú river, Córdoba, Colombia. Currently, they have been forced to leave this territory due to social circumstances (guerrillas, paramilitaries and the environmental impact of the Urrá dam). Based on what sustains the Law of Protection of Original Languages, the ethnic cultures have a right to education, inclusion and in this process, it is necessary to use the new technologies of information and communication to disseminate and promote the preservation of languages. Due to the contact between languages and cultures, it is proposed the construction of a software to translate simple and complex sentences from Spanish to the Embera Katío language to facilitate the communication and preservation of this language. The Research Methodology in Design Sciences (DSRM) for translator development is described. As a result of the investigation, a beta version of the translator software is being developed in the statistical version. This type of tool is expected to support the revitalization processes of the Embera Katío language., Este proyecto parte de la necesidad de comprender y reconocer las culturas étnicas, más específicamente la cultura embera katío que habita en la parte alta del río Sinú, Córdoba, Colombia. Actualmente se han visto obligados a desplazarse de ese territorio por circunstancias sociales (guerrillas, paramilitares y el impacto ambiental de la represa de Urrá). Con base en lo que sustenta la Ley de Protección de las Lenguas Originarias, las culturas étnicas tienen derecho a la educación, la inclusión y en este proceso es necesario utilizar las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación para difundir y promover la preservación de las lenguas. Debido al contacto entre lenguas y culturas, se propone la construcción de un software traductor de oraciones simples y complejas del español al idioma embera katío para facilitar la comunicación y preservación de este idioma. Se describe la Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias del Diseño (DSRM) para el desarrollo del traductor. Como resultado de la investigación se está desarrollando una versión beta del software traductor en la versión estadística. Se espera que con este tipo de herramienta se logre apoyar los procesos de revitalización de la lengua embera katío.