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International Conference on Grey Literature – Public Awareness and Access to Grey Literature, Volume 19, Number 1, Pages 11-25, ISSN 1386-2316, In the recent years the application of strategies, procedures and tools to evaluate the research have become subject of interest and their application is currently matter of discussion. The assessment exercises are regulated at national level and are carried out in different European countries such as France, United Kingdom and The Netherlands. In Italy the first research assessment exercise has been legislated in 2003 and entrusted to a specific Committee named Comitato di Indirizzo per la Valutazione della Ricerca (CIVR) . Three years later the CIVR and other committees have been replaced by a specific Agency named Agenzia Nazionale di Valutazione del Sistema Universitario e della Ricerca (ANVUR). This Agency, set up at the end of 2006, aims to «…rationalize the system of assessment of the quality of Universities, state and private Research Institutions beneficiary of public funds…» « The results of these activities managed by ANVUR represent a criteria to assign the state funds to Universities and Research Institutions». It is not hard to imagine that the effects of this type of exercise has a strong political implication and determines a significant economic impact on the future of Universities and Research Institutions. The debate concerning the adopted methods and critical aspects about the assessment exercises is studied thoroughly at international level. At the present time, ANVUR has completed two evaluation exercises of the quality of the research named Valutazione della Qualità della Ricerca (VQR): the first one spans the years 2004 - 2010; the second from 2011 to 2014. The work analyzes the environment of VQR in order to understand the organizational set-up, the operational models, the scientific areas involved in the process, the selection and evaluation criteria and indicators of the research products. The work looks at the environment of VQR in order to understand the organizational set-up, the operational models, the scientific Areas involved in the process and the selection and evaluation criteria of the research products. More in detail, our work analyzes and compares the evaluation exercises conducted in Italy with the aim of verifying if and how Grey Literature is involved in the research evaluation processes. The article checked the types of products admissible for the research assessment and those actually presented by the researchers of Universities and Research Institutions. We measured the products from a quantitative point of view and observed their ramification in the different disciplinary fields rather than their transformation during the period of time taken into consideration. At the same time, we focused on the Open Science movement in order to understand what could be its role within the research assessment exercises and how it could affect the future of scholarly scientific communication.

This poster was presented at COAR 2017 Annual Meeting in Venice (Italy) 8-10 April 2017.

The work measures grey citations in the years 2012, 2013 and 2014 and then describes the features of GL documents cited in different areas of knowledge: Computational Linguistics, Computer Science and Engineering. With the aim of surveying a wide and varied range of resources, we selected a sample data based on the bibliographical references of articles contained in four journals - all indexed by Scopus Citation Database and ISI Web of Science, with an Impact Factor (IF) over the last three years - and two proceedings of international conferences held in 2012 and 2014. Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes XA International

"When we read the articles or papers of a particular domain, we can recognize some lexical items in the texts as technical terms. In a domain where new knowledge is generated, new terms are constantly created to fulfil the needs of the domain, while others become obsolete. In addition, existing terms may undergo changes of meaning..." (Kageura K.,1998/1999). According to Kaugera, our aim with this work is to make a "journey" in the Grey Literature (GL) domain in order to offer an overall vision on the terms used and the links" "between them. Moreover, by performing a terminological comparison over a given period of time it could be possible to trace the presence of obsolete words as well as of neologisms in the most recent research fields.Within this scenario, the work analyzes a corpus constituted of the entire amount of full" "research papers published in the GL conference series over a time span of more than one decade (2003-2014) with the aim of creating a terminological map of relevant words. "... corpora used to extract terminological units can be further investigated to find semantic and conceptual information on terms or to represent conceptual relationships between terms. (Bourigault D. et al., 2001). Another interesting inquiry is the terminology used in the GL conferences for describing the types of documents (Pej?ová P. et al., 2012). The work is split up in four sections: creation of the corpus by acquiring the digital papers of GL conference proceedings (GL5 - GL16)1; data cleaning; data processing; terminological" "analysis and comparison. The corpus - made up of 231 research papers (for a total amount of 785.042 tokens) - was processed using a Natural Language Processing (NLP) tool for term extraction developed at the Institute of Computational Linguistics "Antonio Zampolli" of CNR (Goggi et al. 2015; 2016). This tool is what is called a "pipeline" (that is, a sequence of different tools) which extracts lexical knowledge from texts: in short, this is a rule system tool for knowledge extraction and document indexing that combines NLP technologies for term extraction and techniques to measure the associative strength of multi-words. This tool extracts a list of single (monograms) and multi-word terms (bigrams and trigrams) ordered by frequency with respect to the context. The pipeline - used as semantic engine within the MAPS project - has been customized for the extraction of terms from our corpus. This survey on the results of the information extraction process performed by the described NLP tool has been a sort of linguistic path in the past and present of terminology used in GL proceedings. By means of samplings, it has been possible to obtain the terminological flow in GL domain and to determine if and how the lexicon was evolving over these twelve years and investigate on its dynamic nature.

The following title was published on an influential Italian newspaper, La Stampa, on November 7, 2013. “Tra i tesori della ‘Letteratura Grigia’ un’Eneide in napoletano del ‘600”. The article is about the presentation of the “Fondo De Mauro” on the Italian Network of Popular Culture: this fund originates from a private collection built up in several decades and donated to the Network by Tullio De Mauro and his wife Silvana Ferreri in 2011; it is made up of thousands of books, brochures, pamphlets relating to Italian dialects and minority languages. In the field of healthcare, while browsing on the web, we found the title of a PhD thesis of last year: “Letteratura Grigia nelle meta-analisi delle prove ripartite con scelta casuale degli interventi di sanità”. In the legal environment, the title of a Seminar at the University of Siena emerges from the web: “La “centralità” della legge e la letteratura grigia. Profili di politica del diritto in Italia tra Otto e Novecento” . From these findings, the idea of a survey on the wide variety of grey material available on Italian web portals arose. A first analysis showed that this material is available in different forms and dissemination is carried out through various means such as thematic bibliographies, newspapers articles, various types of documents published in PDF format or simple descriptions on web sites. The following are a few examples excerpted from some home pages belonging to our corpus: - Collection of grey literature. The Historical Archive of Women candidates for becoming the repository where the memories about these themes will be stored… - Grey literature ... Master copies · Reprints · Unreleased copies · Grey Literature. Archives for the history of Education… - Grey literature. The high quality brand of parks… - … International grey literature; national and international legislative data on the topic of drug addiction and related themes; documentary archive ... - Besides literature in German, there is literature in other languages and grey literature as well – in particular catalogues of museums and exhibitions… - It is about a few thousand of books, brochures and documents of grey literature concerning two topics, Italian dialects and minority languages… Given this scenario, the research aims at verifying whether – and eventually how much – the grey literature available on the web is actually structured, accessible or even managed by systems dealing with its organization and aiming at its retrieval and storing. The utmost goal is to build up a map of non-academic communities and their mechanisms for managing, presenting and disseminating this type of material. It is a sort of journey among the streams of the Web which channel meeting minutes, invites, manifests, fliers, pictures, newspapers articles, journalistic services and audio/video material on various topics. These “grey” products – by conveying basic information about social and popular culture – store, represent and spread knowledge. Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes XA International

The work describes significance of glycans in thrombopoiesis.

The following title was published on an influential Italian newspaper, La Stampa, on November 7, 2013. "Tra i tesori della 'Letteratura Grigia' un'Eneide in napoletano del '600". The article is about the presentation of the "Fondo De Mauro" on the Italian Network of Popular Culture: this fund originates from a private collection built up in several decades and donated to the Network by Tullio De Mauro and his wife Silvana Ferreri in 2011; it is made up of thousands of books, brochures, pamphlets relating to Italian dialects and minority languages. In the field of healthcare, while browsing on the web, we found the title of a PhD thesis of last year: "Letteratura Grigia nelle meta-analisi delle prove ripartite con scelta casuale degli interventi di sanità". In the legal environment, the title of a Seminar at the University of Siena emerges from the web: "La "centralità" della legge e la letteratura grigia. Profili di politica del diritto in Italia tra Otto e Novecento" . From these findings, the idea of a survey on the wide variety of grey material available on Italian web portals arises. A first analysis shows that this material is available in different forms and dissemination is carried out through various means such as thematic bibliographies, newspapers articles, various types of documents published in pdf format or simple descriptions on web sites. The following are a few examples excerpted from some home pages belonging to our corpus: ? Collection of grey literature. The Historical Archive of Women candidates for becoming the repository where the memories about these themes will be stored... ? Grey literature ... Master copies · Reprints · Unreleased copies · Grey Literature. Archives for the history of Education... ? Grey literature. The high quality brand of parks... ? ... International grey literature; national and international legislative data on the topic of drug addiction and related themes; documentary archive ... ? Besides literature in German, there is literature in other languages and grey literature as well - in particular catalogues of museums and exhibitions... ? It is about a few thousand of books, brochures and documents of grey literature concerning two topics, Italian dialects and minority languages... Given this scenario, the research aims at verifying whether - and eventually how much - the grey literature available on the web is actually structured, accessible or even managed by systems dealing with its organization and aiming at its retrieval and storing. The utmost goal is to build up a map of non-academic communities and their mechanisms for managing, presenting and disseminating this type of material: a sort of journey among the streams of the web which channel meeting minutes, invites, manifests, fliers, pictures, newspapers articles, journalistic services and audio/video material on various topics. These "grey" products - by conveying basic information about social and popular culture - store, represent and spread knowledge. Significant examples could be identified in the web sites presenting the following matters: history of women's culture and of their movement in some specific Italian regions; projects dealing with the sustainability of urban environment with respect to childhood and adolescence; parks and other natural protected environments; archaeological documentation such as draft reports, diaries from the site, letters and miscellaneous documentation; nursing and health-related disciplines which produce guidelines, diagnostic and therapeutic courses, informative material for patients and their families. Also the theatrical culture is nourished by "grey products" as video archives, collections of music LPs and CDs, brochures, scripts, autograph manuscripts (i.e.. letters, correspondences, fliers, musical scores). In substance, a heterogeneous set of material which could reveal especially interesting to both researchers, scientists, professionals and simple fans and lovers of the various subjects if ever made available and usable. Focus Analysis of the documentation and production of taxonomies finalized at the creation of a map of non-academic communities and stakeholders involved in the management of grey material. Material and methods The survey examines the several disciplines, the typology, the institutional nature and the fields to which these grey communities belong, noticing as well the variety of documentation provided, the structure of information and the presentation and access modalities through the following steps: 1) Selection of the web portals as resulted from the query "letteratura grigia" OR "letteratura non convenzionale" OR "documentazione grigia" OR "materiale grigio". 2) Creation of a corpus made up of 28,000 occurrences. 3) Analysis of the various communities and of the grey material retrieved. 4) Statistical elaboration of the data. Conclusions: reflections on the communities and stakeholders involved in the management of grey literature and on the various ways of presenting the documentation provided by the web sites selected for this survey.

This paper provides an overview of the wide reform of corporate income taxation proposed by the government at the end of 2001. Attention is focused on the efficiency and the international competitiveness of the new tax system. It is difficult to provide an unique evaluation. Some of the proposed changes, e. g. the possibility to opt for group taxation, approximate the Italian system to other EU tax regimes and under many respects may be seen as improvements of the present regime. Others, like the abolition of the tax credit on dividends and the introduction of a generous system of participation exemption, are similar to the reforms recently introduced in other countries, and may be seen as a response to the increasing international integration and tax competition. Finally, there are changes, like the abolition of the dual income tax and of the regional tax on productive activities (IRAP), that completely reverse the tax reform introduced only few years ago by the previous government. These changes will make the new tax system less neutral than the present one, with respect to both investment and financing choices. Moreover, the timing of the reform is very uncertain, particularly concerning the announced abolition of IRAP. Different indicators suggest that the new reform will not reduce the overall effective tax burden on companies and will not improve the general competitive position of domestic companies.

The survey is focused on the documentation produced by the European Commission (EC) projects involved in the Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (hereafter FP7) and managed by the Italian National Research Council (hereafter CNR). In particular, the Grey Literature (GL) available on CORDIS1 and European Projects websites was analysed. In order to verify how it is managed and whether it is compliant with EC recommendations, some categories were introduced to identify, measure and evaluate the usability and availability of projects production. Data was obtained from a sample of European projects websites. Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes XA International

Platelet recovery following bone marrow transplant and radiochemotherapy is crucial to prevent bleeding complications. Defects in glycosylation have been associated with decrease in blood platelet counts. However, the role of posttranslational modification in platelet production remains elusive. We here investigated the role of β1, 4 galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1), the key glycosyltransferase regulating lactosaminoglycan (LacNAc or βGal1, 4 GlcNAc) expression by adding galactose (Gal) to terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), in platelet production. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), but not thrombopoietin promotes megakaryocyte (MK) migration towards the bone marrow sinusoids, thereby increasing platelet production. SDF-1 (CXCL12) upregulated LacNAc expression in fetal liver wild type (WT), but not β4galt1-null megakaryocytes (MKs) lacking β4GalT1, suggesting that SDF-1 promotes LacNAc expression in vivo to regulate MK migration and platelet production. In support of this hypothesis, β4galt1-null mice had severe macrothrombocytopenia with increased bone marrow MK numbers, but normal platelet clearance. Ploidy, expression of the major glycoproteins (GPIbα/V/IX and αIIbβ3) and the surface expression of the SDF-1 receptor CXCR4 were normal in β4galt1-null bone marrow MKs. However, β4galt1-null bone marrow MKs had increased surface and total β1 integrin expression, as determined by flow cytometry, immunoblot and immunofluorescence. Mature CD42b/CD41 positive β4galt1-null MKs co- localized poorly with endoglin positive bone marrow sinusoids (49.9 ± 2.1 %), compared to WT MKs (72.4 ± 0.6 %). Expression of laminin, the major β1 integrin ligand, was upregulated in β4galt1-null MKs, suggesting that loss of LacNAc expression on β1 integrin increased its function. To exclude an extrinsic contribution to the failure of β4galt1-null MKs to migrate, β4galt1-null fetal liver (E14.5) hematopoietic cells (FLHCs) were transplanted in lethally irradiated WT mice. Transplanted β4galt1-null FLHCs restored bone marrow MKs, but failed to migrate to sinusoids and produce circulating platelets. In marked contrast, production of β4galt1-null white blood cells was normal. Together, our results suggest that SDF-1 upregulates β4GalT1-dependent LacNAc expression to promote MK migration and interaction with BM sinusoids, likely regulating MK β1 integrin expression and interaction with components of the extracellular matrix, specifically laminin. Understanding of the mechanisms regulating posttranslational modifications induced by various hematopoietic stimulating chemokines and cytokines will contribute to better platelet recovery following bone marrow transplant and radiochemotherapy.

The survey is focused on the documentation produced by the European Commission (EC) projects involved in the Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development (hereafter FP7) and managed by the Italian National Research Council (hereafter CNR). In particular, the Grey Literature (GL) available on CORDIS1 and European Projects websites was analysed. In order to verify how it is managed and whether it is compliant with EC recommendations, some categories were introduced to identify, measure and evaluate the usability and availability of projects production. Data was obtained from a sample of European projects websites.

The present work describes the Italian directions on Open Access, Il presente lavoro descrive le direttive previste dalla normativa italiana in materia di accesso aperto

A survey of in-house publishing practices at CNR Institutes is described. Fourth categories are introduced to measure the level of innovation in the management of in-house publications in order to identify the business model used by each CNR Institutes to manage their editorial products, especially digital products. Data used for this descriptive and quality study were obtained from CNR Institute websites. Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes XA International

A partire dagli indicatori BES, una rete di città metropolitane sta sperimentando la misurazione del benessere urbano equo e sostenibile UrBES. Il Comune di Bologna ha effettuato una prima indagine nel 2012 coinvolgendo i cittadini, che si sono espressi sulla misurazione della qualità della vita. Si propone la costruzione di un cruscotto di indicatori di benessere equo e sotenibile costantemente monitorabili da parte della cittadinanza e utili ai policy maker.

A survey of in-house publishing practices at CNR Institutes is described. Fourth categories are introduced to measure the level of innovation in the management of in-house publications in order to identify the business model used by each CNR Institutes to manage their editorial products, especially digital products. Data used for this descriptive and quality study were obtained from CNR Institute websites.

Correct glycosilation structures are needed for platelet formation.

Platelet turnover requires correct glycan presentation and expression. Deficiency in β-1, 4-galactosyltransferase 1 (β4GalT1), the major enzyme that transfers galactose (Gal) from UDP-Gal to terminal N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) to form type-2 lactosaminyl structures, is lethal in embryonic mice. However, E14.5 β4GalT1−/- embryos are grossly indistinguishable from wild type embryos. Here we sought to determine whether platelet formation and survival require β4GalT1. Hepatic stem cells were obtained from embryonic livers at E14.5 and megakaryoctes were differentiated in vitro in the presence of thrombopoietin. β4GalT1−/- megakaryocytes mature and differentiate normally in vitro as judged by their number, morphology and expression of main surface glycoproteins specific for the megakaryocyte lineage (GPIbα/β, GPIX, αIIb and β3). However, following differentiation, β4GalT1−/- megakaryocytes were unable to produce proplatelets and platelets in vitro. Addition of exogenous β4GalT1 and the donor substrate UDP-Galactose did not improve in vitro proplatelet and platelet formation. Importantly, platelet numbers were decreased by 75% in β4GalT1−/- E14.5 embryos when compared to wild type embryos. Platelet size was increased by 50% in β4GalT1−/- embryos, indicating that β4GalT1−/- mice have increased platelet clearance and/or that larger platelets are produced in vivo. Our data strongly support the notion that glycosylation mediated by β4GalT1 activity is crucial for platelet production in vitro and in vivo. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a role for posttranslational glycan modification in platelet production.

The collection of the Center for the Study of Electronic Computers (CSCE) contains the scientific documentation produced by the staff and associate members of the Center. The CSCE was established by the University of Pisa with the specific purpose of designing and building the first electronic computer entirely built in Italy: the CEP, standing for “Pisan Electronic Computer”. In recent times we have carried out the analysis, the description and the digitization of these historical documents, stored in paper copy at our library, and turned them into an Open Access digital archive freely available at http://csce.isti.cnr.it/.

The collection of the Center for the Study of Electronic Computers (CSCE) contains the scientific documentation produced by the staff and associate members of the Center. The CSCE was established by the University of Pisa with the specific purpose of designing and building the first electronic computer entirely built in Italy: the CEP, standing for "Pisan Electronic Computer". In recent times we have carried out the analysis, the description and the digitization of these historical documents, stored in paper copy at our library, and turned them into an Open Access digital archive freely available at http://csce.isti.cnr.it/. Includes: Conference preprint, Powerpoint presentation, Abstract and Biographical notes, Pratt student commentary XA International

Il lavoro analizza gli interventi sul sistema fiscale intrapresi nel corso del 2008 e all'inizio del 2009 e valuta, sotto il profilo dell'equità, dell'efficienza, e della coerenza complessiva del sistema, le principali novità introdotte dalla nuova maggioranza di governo, emersa dalle elezioni del 2008. Particolare attenzione viene data alle politiche per contrastare l'evasione.

The aim of this paper is to review the main features of Irap and their evolution, the role it played in the tax reform, the aims and the economic effects of that reform, the properties of a tax like IraP and the similarities with other taxes that have been introduced or proposed elsewhere. The paper is organized as follows: the first paragraph places the birth of Irap in the context of the 1997-98 tax reform and describes the main features and objectives of that reform; paragraph 2 illustrates the economic effects of the 1997-98 reform; paragraph 3 summarizes the main changes that Irap has undergone since its introduction; paragraph 4 places Irap in the context of economic tax design; the last paragraph draws an international comparison with other local business taxes that have been actually implemented or have been proposed in the context of tax reforms.

The paper investigates the likely future development of corporate taxation in the EU by considering both market evolution and institutional arrangements. It briefly reviews the present systems of company taxation and how they affect the location of capital and profits, and the integration process in the UE internal market. It will then examine the possible evolution of corporate taxation by taking into account market forces and the reaction of single countries, as well as the Commission’s proposals and the impact of the increasing activity of the European Court of Justice (ECJ) in the field.

Analisi e valutazione della politica fiscale attuata nel corso del 2007 in materia di imposizione delle famige e delle imprese e prospettive per la nuova legislatura

Co-authored together with C. Carlesi, G.A. Romano, S. Giannini, and R. Maggi: The DRIVER project is realizing an infrastructure through which any form of scientific-content resource, including scientific/technical reports, research articles, experimental or observational data, rich media and other digital objects will be freely accessible, thus responding to the Open Archive Initiative vision. The project is funded by the European Commission under the auspices of the "Research Infrastructure" unit and it is building upon existing institutional repositories and networks (www.driver-repository.eu).