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66. A study of two methods for estimating plasma fibrinogen and the effect of epsilon aminocaproic acid and protamine.

Author

Giddings, J. C. and Bloom, A. L.

Abstract

Fibrinogen concentrations were determined in normal plasma and in plasma from patients with high and low levels. There was a good correlation between the results of a rapid semi-quantitative fibrinogen titre technique and those of a quantitative assay of coagulable fibrinogen. In normal subjects fibrinogen levels were not significantly influenced by taking blood into epsilon aminocaproic acid (EACA) or by the addition of protamine to plasma. In patients with the defibrination syndrome in whom increased plasma fibrinolysis was not detected, fibrinogen levels were not affected by taking blood into EACA but considerably increased levels were observed after the addition of protamine to plasma. In patients undergoing thrombolytic therapy the fibrinogen levels measured were increased both in blood taken into EACA and in plasma containing protamine. It is suggested that EACA acted by preventing lysis whilst protamine counteracted abnormal fibrin polymerization. The pattern of results may be of diagnostic importance. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1971

67. Coagulation studies in haemophilic patients taking oral contraceptives.

Author

Bloom, A. L., Beck, Peter, Giddings, J. C., and Sweetnam, P. M.

Abstract

Coagulation studies were performed on haemophilic patients during a controlled trial of oral contraceptive therapy. Treatment with a combined oestrogen-progestogen preparation was associated with a significant rise in the factor VII-X complex. This change was not observed during treatment with progestogen alone. The highest levels of factor IX and fibrinogen and the lowest levels of factor X were observed during the first period of the trial but these effects were independent of the type of treatment. The results suggest that the effects of oral contraceptives on blood coagulation in haemophilic males are similar to those observed in normal females and that the changes are due to the oestrogenic component. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1971

68. Comparison of quick and slow thaw methods of producing cryoprecipitate antihaemophilic factor from fresh and 24-hour-old blood.

Author

Bloom, A. L., Giddings, J. C., Bevan, Beryl, Letton, M., and Drummond, R. J.

Abstract

Cryoprecipitate antihaemophilic factor concentrate was prepared from fresh and 24-hour-old blood by quick and slow thaw methods. Recovery of factor VIII was greater by the slow thaw method and there was less loss into the supernatant plasma. Cryoprecipitate produced from fresh blood contained more factor VIII than that produced from 24-hour-old blood so that the most potent concentrate was produced from fresh blood by the slow thaw process. An adequate therapeutic preparation was, however, produced by the slow thaw method using 24-hour-old blood and it is suggested that this procedure could be adopted in order to supplement supplies. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1969

72. Temperature Dependence of Solvent Viscosity, Solvent Thermal Conductivity, and Soret Coefficient in Thermal Field-Flow Fractionation

Author

Van Asten, A., Boelens, H. F. M., Kok, W. Th., Poppe, H., Williams, P. S., and Giddings, J. C.

Abstract

In this work equations are presented to describe solute concentration profiles in thermal field-flow fractionation that account for the effect of the temperature drop across the solute zone on the thermal and ordinary diffusion coefficients. The influence of this effect, together with the effects of the temperature dependence of the solvent viscosity and solvent thermal conductivity, on the conversion of retention data into thermal diffusion data were studied. The systematic error made when the ratio of the thermal and ordinary diffusion coefficient (α/T) is assumed to be constant can be considerable and is larger for systems with low retention (e.g., for low molecular weight or small thermal diffusion). For the two systems studied (polystyrene in THF and in ethylbenzene), it was found that the temperature dependence of the solvent viscosity is of much greater importance than the temperature dependence of the solvent thermal conductivity. When all three parameters are considered to be independent of the temperature, the results are still quite acceptable. This is due to the fact that the effect of the temperature dependence of the solvent viscosity is counteracted by the combined effects of the temperature dependence of the solvent thermal conductivity and of α/T.

Published
1994
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80. Flow field-flow fractionation: new method for separating, purifying, and characterizing the diffusivity of viruses

Author

Giddings, J C, Yang, F J, and Myers, M N

Abstract

The nature and theory of flow field-flow fractionation is described, and its potential applicability to virus-like particles is discussed. Different virus types are shown to be retained at different levels. Retention can be controlled by variation of the experimental parameters, in good agreement with theory. However, a mild adsorption effect is indicated and requires the development of alternate strategies for measuring diffusion coefficients. For Qbeta, our value agrees well within 10% of literature values; the values obtained for other viruses, using Abeta as an internal standard, are untested. Finally, it is demonstrated that flow field-flow fractionation can cleanly fractionate two viruses from one another and from an albumin impurity, that samples as large as several milligrams in size can be analyzed, and that the method has potential utility in the quantitative and qualitative analysis of virus systems.

Published
1977
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85. Upper Particle Size Limit for High-Speed Analysis by Sedimentation/Steric Field-Flow Fractionation in Thin Channels

Author

Moon, M. H. and Giddings, J. C.

Abstract

This work describes some of the limitations encountered when sedimentation/steric field-flow fractionation is used to separate and analyze particles whose diameters approach a substantial fraction of the thickness of the FFF channel. Results obtained for a thin (127 μm thick) channel indicate a departure from linear calibration for particle diameters that approach 25−30% of the channel thickness and a substantial loss of selectivity for diameters at 50% of the channel thickness. These results are explained by a simple theoretical model. In addition, our measurements show that the larger particles (in this case polystyrene latex beads of 60 μm diameter) are subject to peak distortion and sample loss unless high flowrates and low field strengths are employed.

Published
1996

89. A measurement of σtot(γp) at √s = 210 GeV

Author

Derrick, M., Krakauer, D., Magill, S., Musgrave, B., Repond, J., Sugano, K., Stanek, R., Talaga, R. L., Thron, J., Arzarello, F., Ayed, R., Barbagli, G., Bari, G., Basile, M., Bellagamba, L., Boscherini, D., Bruni, G., Bruni, P., Cara Romeo, G., Castellini, G., Chiarini, M., Cifarelli, L., Cindolo, F., Ciralli, F., Contin, A., D Auria, S., Del Papa, C., Frasconi, F., Giusti, P., Iacobucci, G., Laurenti, G., Levi, G., Lin, Q., Lisowski, B., Maccarrone, G., Margotti, A., Massam, T., Nania, R., Nemoz, C., Palmonari, F., Sartorelli, G., Timellini, R., Zamora Garcia, Y., Zichichi, A., Bargende, A., Barreiro, F., Crittenden, J., Dabbous, H., Desch, K., Diekmann, B., Geerts, M., Geitz, G., Gutjahr, B., Hartmann, H., Hartmann, J., Haun, D., Heinloth, K., Hilger, E., Jakob, H. -P, Kramarczyk, S., Kückes, M., Mass, A., Mengel, S., Mollen, J., Müsch, H., Paul, E., Schattevoy, R., Schneider, B., Schneider, J. -L, Wedemeyer, R., Cassidy, A., Cussans, D. G., Dyce, N., Fawcett, H. F., Foster, B., Gilmore, R., Heath, G. P., Mark Lancaster, Llewellyn, T. J., Malos, J., Morgado, C. J. S., Tapper, R. J., Wilson, S. S., Rau, R. R., Bernstein, A., Caldwell, A., Gialas, I., Parsons, J. A., Ritz, S., Sciulli, F., Straub, P. B., Wai, L., Yang, S., Barillari, T., Schioppa, M., Susinno, G., Burkot, W., Chwastowski, J., Dwuraźny, A., Eskreys, A., Niziol, B., Jakubowski, Z., Piotrzkowski, K., Zachara, M., Zawiejski, L., Borzemski, P., Eskreys, K., Jeleń, K., Kisielewska, D., Kowalski, T., Kulka, J., Rulikowska-Zarȩbska, E., Suszycki, L., Zaja̧c, J., Kȩdzierski, T., Kotański, A., Przybycień, M., Bauerdick, L. A. T., Behrens, U., Bienlein, J. K., Coldewey, C., Dannemann, A., Dierks, K., Dorth, W., Drews, G., Erhard, P., Flasiński, M., Fleck, I., Fürtjes, A., Gläser, R., Göttlicher, P., Haas, T., Hagge, L., Hain, W., Hasell, D., Hultschig, H., Jahnen, G., Joos, P., Kasemann, M., Klanner, R., Koch, W., Kötz, U., Kowalski, H., Labs, J., Ladage, A., Löhr, B., Löwe, M., Lüke, D., Mainusch, J., Manczak, O., Momayezi, M., Nickel, S., Notz, D., Park, I., Pösnecker, K. -U, Rohde, M., Ros, E., Schneekloth, U., Schroeder, J., Schulz, W., Selonke, F., Tscheslog, E., Tsurugai, T., Turkot, F., Vogel, W., Woeniger, T., Wolf, G., Youngman, C., Grabosch, H. J., Leich, A., Meyer, A., Rethfeldt, C., Schlenstedt, S., Casalbuoni, R., Curtis, S., Dominici, D., Francescato, A., Nuti, M., Pelfer, P., Anzivino, G., Casaccia, R., Laakso, I., Pasquale, S., Qian, S., Votano, L., Bamberger, A., Freidhof, A., Poser, T., Söldner-Rembold, S., Theisen, G., Trefzger, T., Brook, N. H., Bussey, P. J., Doyle, A. T., Forbes, J. R., Jamieson, V. A., Raine, C., Saxon, D. H., Gloth, G., Holm, U., Kammerlocher, H., Krebs, B., Neumann, T., Wick, K., Hofmann, A., Kröger, W., Krüger, J., Lohrmann, E., Milewski, J., Nakahata, M., Pavel, N., Poelz, G., Salomon, R., Seidman, A., Schott, W., Wiik, B. H., Zetsche, F., Bacon, T. C., Butterworth, I., Markou, C., Mcquillan, D., Miller, D. B., Mobayyen, M. M., Prinias, A., Vorvolakos, A., Bienz, T., Kreutzmann, H., Mallik, U., Mccliment, E., Roco, M., Wang, M. Z., Cloth, P., Filges, D., Chen, L., Imlay, R., Kartik, S., Kim, H. -J, Mcneil, R. R., Metcalf, W., Cases, G., Hervás, L., Labarga, L., Del Peso, J., Roldán, J., Terrón, J., Trocóniz, J. F., Ikraiam, F., Mayer, J. K., Smith, G. R., Corriveau, F., Gilkinson, D. J., Hanna, D. S., Hung, L. W., Mitchell, J. W., Patel, P. M., Sinclair, L. E., Stairs, D. G., Ullmann, R., Bashindzhagyan, G. L., Ermolov, P. F., Golubkov, Y. A., Kuzmin, V. A., Kuznetsov, E. N., Savin, A. A., Voronin, A. G., Zotov, N. P., Bentvelsen, S., Dake, A., Engelen, J., Jong, P., Jong, S., Kamps, M., Kooijman, P., Kruse, A., Lugt, H., O, V., Straver, J., Tenner, A., Tiecke, H., Uijterwaal, H., Vermeulen, J., Wiggers, L., Wolf, E., Woudenberg, R., Yoshida, R., Bylsma, B., Durkin, L. S., Li, C., Ling, T. Y., Mclean, K. W., Murray, W. N., Park, S. K., Romanowski, T. A., Seidlein, R., Blair, G. A., Butterworth, J. M., Byrne, A., Cashmore, R. J., Cooper-Sarkar, A. M., Devenish, R. C. E., Gingrich, D. M., Hallam-Baker, P. M., Harnew, N., Khatri, T., Long, K. R., Luffman, P., Mcarthur, I., Morawitz, P., Nash, J., Smith, S. J. P., Roocroft, N. C., Wilson, F. F., Abbiendi, G., Brugnera, R., Carlin, R., Dal Corso, F., Giorgi, M., Dosselli, U., Fanin, C., Gasparini, F., Limentani, S., Morandin, M., Posocco, M., Stanco, L., Stroili, R., Voci, C., Lim, J. N., Oh, B. Y., Whitmore, J., Bonori, M., Contino, U., D Agostini, G., Guida, M., Iori, M., Mari, S., Marini, G., Mattioli, M., Monaldi, D., Nigro, A., Hart, J. C., Mccubbin, N. A., Shah, T. P., Short, T. L., Barberis, E., Cartiglia, N., Heusch, C., Hubbard, B., Leslie, J., Ng, J. S. T., O Shaughnessy, K., Sadrozinski, H. F., Seiden, A., Badura, E., Biltzinger, J., Chaves, H., Rost, M., Seifert, R. J., Walenta, A. H., Weihs, W., Zech, G., Dagan, S., Heifetz, R., Levy, A., Zer-Zion, D., Hasegawa, T., Hazumi, M., Ishii, T., Kasai, S., Kuze, M., Nagasawa, Y., Nakao, M., Okuno, H., Tokushuku, K., Watanabe, T., Yamada, S., Chiba, M., Hamatsu, R., Hirose, T., Kitamura, S., Nagayama, S., Nakamitsu, Y., Arneodo, M., Costa, M., Ferrero, M. I., Lamberti, L., Maselli, S., Peroni, C., Solano, A., Staiano, A., Dardo, M., Bailey, D. C., Bandyopadhyay, D., Benard, F., Bhadra, S., Brkic, M., Burow, B. D., Chlebana, F. S., Crombie, M. B., Hartner, G. F., Levman, G. M., Martin, J. F., Orr, R. S., Prentice, J. D., Sampson, C. R., Stairs, G. G., Teuscher, R. J., Yoon, T. -S, Bullock, F. W., Catterall, C. D., Giddings, J. C., Jones, T. W., Khan, A. M., Lane, J. B., Makkar, P. L., Shaw, D., Shulman, J., Blankenship, K., Kochocki, J., Lu, B., Mo, L. W., Charchula, K., Ciborowski, J., Gajewski, J., Grzelak, G., Kasprzak, M., Krzyzanowski, M., Muchorowski, K., Nowak, R. J., Pawlak, J. M., Stojda, K., Stopczyński, A., Szwed, R., Tymieniecka, T., Walczak, R., Wróblewski, A. K., Zakrzewski, J. A., Zarnecki, A. F., Adamus, M., Abramowicz, H., Eisenberg, Y., Glasman, C., Karshon, U., Montag, A., Revel, D., Ronat, E. E., Shapira, A., Ali, I., Behrens, B., Camerini, U., Dasu, S., Fordham, C., Foudas, C., Goussiou, A., Lomperski, M., Loveless, R. J., Nylander, P., Ptacek, M., Reeder, D. D., Smith, W. H., Silverstein, S., Frisken, W. R., Furutani, K. M., and Iga, Y.

Abstract

The total photoproduction cross section is determined from a measurement of electroproduction with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The Q2 values of the virtual photons are in the range 10-7 < Q2 < 2 × 10-2 GeV2. The γp total cross section in the γp centre of mass energy range 186-233 GeV is 154 ± 16 (stat.) ± 32 (syst.) μb.

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