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53. Optimal mechanical interactions direct multicellular network formation on elastic substrates

Author

Noerr, Patrick S, Alvarado, Jose E Zamora, Golnaraghi, Farnaz, McCloskey, Kara E, Gopinathan, Ajay, and Dasbiswas, Kinjal

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Bioengineering, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Cell Communication, Cell Differentiation, Tissue Engineering, Morphogenesis, Endothelial Cells, Elastic Modulus, mechanobiology, computational physics, soft matter, biomaterials, cell networks
Abstract

Cells self-organize into functional, ordered structures during tissue morphogenesis, a process that is evocative of colloidal self-assembly into engineered soft materials. Understanding how intercellular mechanical interactions may drive the formation of ordered and functional multicellular structures is important in developmental biology and tissue engineering. Here, by combining an agent-based model for contractile cells on elastic substrates with endothelial cell culture experiments, we show that substrate deformation-mediated mechanical interactions between cells can cluster and align them into branched networks. Motivated by the structure and function of vasculogenic networks, we predict how measures of network connectivity like percolation probability and fractal dimension as well as local morphological features including junctions, branches, and rings depend on cell contractility and density and on substrate elastic properties including stiffness and compressibility. We predict and confirm with experiments that cell network formation is substrate stiffness dependent, being optimal at intermediate stiffness. We also show the agreement between experimental data and predicted cell cluster types by mapping a combined phase diagram in cell density substrate stiffness. Overall, we show that long-range, mechanical interactions provide an optimal and general strategy for multicellular self-organization, leading to more robust and efficient realizations of space-spanning networks than through just local intercellular interactions.

Published
2023

56. The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) Mission Overview

Author

France, Kevin, Fleming, Brian, Egan, Arika, Desert, Jean-Michel, Fossati, Luca, Koskinen, Tommi T., Nell, Nicholas, Petit, Pascal, Vidotto, Aline A., Beasley, Matthew, DeCicco, Nicholas, Sreejith, Aickara Gopinathan, Suresh, Ambily, Baumert, Jared, Cauley, P. Wilson, DAngelo, Carolina Villarreal, Hoadley, Keri, Kane, Robert, Kohnert, Richard, Lambert, Julian, and Ulrich, Stefan

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Atmospheric escape is a fundamental process that affects the structure, composition, and evolution of many planets. The signatures of escape are detectable on close-in, gaseous exoplanets orbiting bright stars, owing to the high levels of extreme-ultraviolet irradiation from their parent stars. The Colorado Ultraviolet Transit Experiment (CUTE) is a CubeSat mission designed to take advantage of the near-ultraviolet stellar brightness distribution to conduct a survey of the extended atmospheres of nearby close-in planets. The CUTE payload is a magnifying NUV (2479~--~3306 Ang) spectrograph fed by a rectangular Cassegrain telescope (206mm x 84mm); the spectrogram is recorded on a back-illuminated, UV-enhanced CCD. The science payload is integrated into a 6U Blue Canyon Technology XB1 bus. CUTE was launched into a polar, low-Earth orbit on 27 September 2021 and has been conducting this transit spectroscopy survey following an on-orbit commissioning period. This paper presents the mission motivation, development path, and demonstrates the potential for small satellites to conduct this type of science by presenting initial on-orbit science observations. The primary science mission is being conducted in 2022~--~2023, with a publicly available data archive coming on line in 2023., Comment: 12 pages, 5 figures, AJ - accepted

Published
2023
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57. Tunable intracellular transport on converging microtubule morphologies

Author

Sarpangala, Niranjan, Randell, Brooke, Gopinathan, Ajay, and Kogan, Oleg

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Cell Behavior, Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics, Quantitative Biology - Subcellular Processes
Abstract

A common type of cytoskeletal morphology involves multiple converging microbutubules with their minus ends collected and stabilized by a microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in the interior of the cell. This arrangement enables the ballistic transport of cargo bound to microtubules, both dynein mediated transport towards the MTOC and kinesin mediated transport away from it, interspersed with diffusion for unbound cargo-motor complexes. Spatial and temporal positioning of the MTOC allows for bidirectional transport towards and away from specific organelles and locations within the cell and also the sequestering and subsequent dispersal of dynein transported cargo. The general principles governing dynamics, efficiency and tunability of such transport in the MTOC vicinity is not fully understood. To address this, we develop a one-dimensional model that includes advective transport towards an attractor (such as the MTOC), and diffusive transport that allows particles to reach absorbing boundaries (such as cellular membranes). We calculated the mean first passage time (MFPT) for cargo to reach the boundaries as a measure of the effectiveness of sequestering (large MFPT) and diffusive dispersal (low MFPT). The MFPT experiences a dramatic growth in magnitude, transitioning from a low to high MFPT regime (dispersal to sequestering) over a window of cargo attachment/detachment rates that is close to in vivo values. We find that increasing either the attachment or detachment rate, while fixing the other, can result in optimal dispersal when the attractor is placed asymmetrically. Finally, we describe a rare event regime, where the escape location is exponentially sensitive to the attractor positioning. Our results suggest that structures such as the MTOC allow for the sensitive control of the spatial and temporal features of transport and corresponding function under physiological conditions.

Published
2023

58. Severe disease during both primary and secondary dengue virus infections in pediatric populations

Author

Aggarwal, Charu, Ahmed, Hasan, Sharma, Pragati, Reddy, Elluri Seetharami, Nayak, Kaustuv, Singla, Mohit, Maheshwari, Deepti, Chawla, Yadya M., Panda, Harekrushna, Rai, Ramesh Chandra, Gunisetty, Sivaram, Priyamvada, Lalita, Bhaumik, Siddhartha Kumar, Ahamed, Syed Fazil, Vivek, Rosario, Bhatnagar, Priya, Singh, Prabhat, Kaur, Manpreet, Dixit, Kritika, Kumar, Sanjeev, Gottimukkala, Kamal, Saini, Keshav, Bajpai, Prashant, Sreekanth, Gopinathan Pillai, Mammen, Shobha, Rajan, Anand, Verghese, Valsan Philip, Abraham, Asha Mary, Shah, Paresh, Alagarasu, Kalichamy, Yu, Tianwei, Davis, Carl W., Wrammert, Jens, Ansari, Aftab, Antia, Rustom, Kabra, Sushil Kumar, Medigeshi, Guruprasad R., Ahmed, Rafi, Lodha, Rakesh, Shet, Anita, Chandele, Anmol, and Murali-Krishna, Kaja

Published
2024
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61. Core orientations and magnetic fields in isolated molecular clouds

Author

Sharma, Ekta, Gopinathan, Maheswar, Soam, Archana, Lee, Chang Won, and Seshadri, T. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Molecular clouds are sites of star formation. Magnetic fields are believed to play an important role in their dynamics and shaping morphology. We aim to study any possible correlation that might exist between the magnetic fields orientation inside the clouds and the magnetic fields at envelope scales and their connection with respect to the observed morphology of the selected clouds. We examine the magnetic field orientation towards the clouds L1512, L1523, L1333, L1521E, L1544, L1517, L1780, and L183 using optical and \textit{Planck} polarization observations. We also found the correlation between the ambient magnetic field and core orientations derived using \textit{Astrodendrogram} on the \textit{Herschel} 250 $\mu$m data. We find that the magnetic fields derived from optical and \textit{Planck} agree with each other. The derived magnetic fields are aligned along the observed emission of each cloud as seen in \textit{Herschel} 250 $\mu$m data. We also find that the relative orientation between the cores and the magnetic fields is random. This lack of correlation may arise due to the fact that the core orientation could also be influenced by the different magnetization within individual clouds at higher densities or the feedback effects which may vary from cloud to cloud. The estimated magnetic field strength and the mass-to-flux ratio suggest that all the clouds are in a magnetically critical state except L1333, L1521E, and L183 where the cloud envelope could be strongly supported by the magnetic field lines., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures and 5 tables; Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2022
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65. Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer

Author

Martin Daniel, Jovita M., Mathiazhagan, Gopinathan, Sathick, Insara Jaffer, Abraham, Georgi, editor, Kesavadev, Jothydev, editor, Govindan, Priyanka, editor, Arun, Nanditha, editor, and Teckchandani, Suneeta, editor

Published
2024
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66. Role of Geochemistry of Rocks and Soils for Groundwater Quality in the Chithar River Basin, South India—An Approach Using Enrichment Factor (EF) of Trace Elements and Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA)

Author

Subramani, T., Gopinathan, P., Satheeskumar, V., Karunanidhi, D., Singh, V. P., Editor-in-Chief, Berndtsson, R., Editorial Board Member, Rodrigues, L. N., Editorial Board Member, Sarma, Arup Kumar, Editorial Board Member, Sherif, M. M., Editorial Board Member, Sivakumar, B., Editorial Board Member, Zhang, Q., Editorial Board Member, Satheeshkumar, S., editor, Thirukumaran, V., editor, and Karunanidhi, D., editor

Published
2024
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67. Groundwater Fitness Evaluation in a Hard Rock Terrain: A Case Study from South India

Author

Priya, Nancy, Subramani, T., Karunanidhi, D., Gopinathan, P., Singh, V. P., Editor-in-Chief, Berndtsson, R., Editorial Board Member, Rodrigues, L. N., Editorial Board Member, Sarma, Arup Kumar, Editorial Board Member, Sherif, M. M., Editorial Board Member, Sivakumar, B., Editorial Board Member, Zhang, Q., Editorial Board Member, Satheeshkumar, S., editor, Thirukumaran, V., editor, and Karunanidhi, D., editor

Published
2024
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68. Drainage Network Analysis of River Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS

Author

Singh, S., Chaubey, K., Singh, P., Kumar, Om Prakash, Karmakar, Amit, Subramani, T., Gopinathan, P., Singh, V. P., Editor-in-Chief, Berndtsson, R., Editorial Board Member, Rodrigues, L. N., Editorial Board Member, Sarma, Arup Kumar, Editorial Board Member, Sherif, M. M., Editorial Board Member, Sivakumar, B., Editorial Board Member, Zhang, Q., Editorial Board Member, Satheeshkumar, S., editor, Thirukumaran, V., editor, and Karunanidhi, D., editor

Published
2024
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70. Pembrolizumab with or without bevacizumab in platinum-resistant recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial

Author

Chong, Wan-Qin, Low, Jia-Li, Tay, Joshua K, Le, Thi Bich Uyen, Goh, Grace Shi-Qing, Sooi, Kenneth, Teo, Hui-Lin, Cheo, Seng-Wee, Wong, Regina Tong-Xin, Samol, Jens, Lim, Ming-Yann, Li, Hao, Shirgaonkar, Niranjan, Chia, Shumei, Wang, Lingzhi, Gopinathan, Anil, Eu, Donovan Kum-Chuen, Tsang, Raymond King-Yin, Loh, Kwok-Seng, Toh, Han-Chong, Syn, Nicholas, Kong, Li-Ren, Dasgupta, Ramanuj, Tai, Bee-Choo, Lim, Yaw-Chyn, and Goh, Boon-Cher

Published
2025
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72. Nanosecond electric pulse-induced ultrafast piezoelectric responses in Co3+ substituted BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films

Author

Unithrattil, Sanjith, Min, Taewon, Anoop, Gopinathan, Lee, Jun Young, kim, Tae Yeon, Samanta, Shibnath, Qi, Yubo, Zhang, Jiahao, Hwang, Seung Hyun, Lee, Hyeon Jun, Guo, Kun, Lee, Su Yong, Imai, Yasuhiko, Sakata, Osami, Shimizu, Keisuke, Shigematsu, Kei, Hojo, Hajime, Yao, Kui, Azuma, Masaki, Lee, Jaekwang, Rappe, Andrew M., and Jo, Ji Young

Published
2025
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80. GopCaml: A Structural Editor for OCaml

Author

Gopinathan, Kiran

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages
Abstract

This talk presents Gopcaml-mode, the first structural editing plugin for OCaml. We will give a tour of the main plugin features, discussing the plugin's internal design and its integration with existing OCaml and GNU Emacs toolchains., Comment: Presented at OCaml workshop at ICFP 2021

Published
2022

81. Comparative Evaluation of Total Cost of Ownership of Battery-Electric and Diesel Trucks in India

Author

Rajagopal, D, Gopinathan, N, Khandekar, A, Karali, N, Phadke, A, and Abhyankar, N

Subjects
Transportation, Logistics and Supply Chains, Engineering, Commerce, Management, Tourism and Services, Affordable and Clean Energy, freight systems, economics and regulation of freight transportation, cost, sustainability and resilience, transportation and sustainability, alternative transportation fuels and technologies, electric and hybrid-electric vehicles, Civil Engineering, Urban and Regional Planning, Transportation and Freight Services, Logistics & Transportation, Transportation, logistics and supply chains, Civil engineering
Abstract

Whereas battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are on their path to maturity in the light-duty segment, their viability in medium- and heavy-duty applications faces greater skepticism. Furthermore, their higher upfront cost relative to diesel trucks is perceived as even more challenging for less wealthy nations such as India. Here, we undertake a total cost of ownership (TCO) assessment of battery electric trucks (BETs) for four different classes of freight trucks in India using a bottom-up vehicle subsystem level cost estimation. We estimate that, in a scenario in which the incremental upfront cost of BETs relative to a diesel truck is simply the extra cost of the battery pack procured at close to current average international battery pack prices, BETs could have lower TCO, less than 5-year payback, and deliver substantial life cycle cost savings, even without accounting for their environmental benefits. In addition to eliminating tailpipe pollution, they already deliver lower life cycle greenhouse gas emissions based on the current average electricity mix in India. Achieving a scale production that yields lower TCO will, however, require public support over a long maturation phase marked by learning-by-doing externalities and lack of economies of scale when BETs will be costlier. Currently, while there exist multiple types of incentive for light-duty BEVs as well as for cell manufacturing in India, targeted policies for zero emissions trucks are absent; this is a gap that needs to be filled if BETs are to emerge as a serious alternative to diesel trucks in a decade or so.

Published
2023

88. Retinoblastoma with and without Extraocular Tumor Extension: A Global Comparative Study of 3435 Patients

Author

Fabian, Ido Didi, Abdallah, Elhassan, Abdullahi, Shehu U., Abdulqader, Rula A., Abdulrahaman, Aminatu A., Abouelnaga, Sherif, Ademola-Popoola, Dupe S., Adio, Adedayo, Afifi, Mahmoud A., Afshar, Armin R., Aggarwal, Priyanka, Aghaji, Ada E., Ahmad, Alia, Akib, Marliyanti N.R., Akinsete, Adeseye M., Al Harby, Lamis, Al Mesfer, Saleh A., Al Ani, Mouroge H., Portabella, Silvia Alarcón, Al-Badri, Safaa A.F., Alcasabas, Ana Patricia A., Al-Dahmash, Saad A., Alejos, Amanda, Alemany-Rubio, Ernesto, Alfa Bio, Amadou I., Carreras, Yvania Alfonso, Al-Haddad, Christiane E., Al-Hussaini, Hamoud H.Y., Ali, Amany M., Alia, Donjeta B., Al-Jadiry, Mazin F., Al-Jumaly, Usama, Alkatan, Hind M., All-Eriksson, Charlotta, Al-Mafrachi, Ali A.R.M., Almeida, Argentino A., Alsawidi, Khalifa M., Al-Shaheen, Athar A.S.M., Al-Shammary, Entissar H., Amankwaa-Frempong, Doreen, Amiruddin, Primawita O., Armytasari, Inggar, Astbury, Nicholas J., Atalay, Hatice T., Ataseven, Eda, Atchaneeyasakul, La-ongsri, Atsiaya, Rose, Autrata, Rudolf, Balaguer, Julia, Balayeva, Ruhengiz, Barranco, Honorio, Bartoszek, Paulina, Bartuma, Katarina, Bascaran, Covadonga, Bechrakis, Nikolaos E., Popovic, Maja Beck, Begimkulova, Ainura S., Benmiloud, Sarra, Berete, Rokia C., Berry, Jesse L., Bhaduri, Anirban, Bhat, Sunil, Bhattacharyya, Arpita, Biewald, Eva M., Binkley, Elaine, Blum, Sharon, Bobrova, Nadia, Boldt, H. Culver, Bonanomi, Maria Teresa B.C., Bouda, Gabrielle C., Bouguila, Hédi, Brennan, Rachel C., Brichard, Bénédicte G., Buaboonnam, Jassada, Budiongo, Aléine, Burton, Matthew, Calderón-Sotelo, Patricia, Calle Jara, Doris A., Camuglia, Jayne E., Cano, Miriam R., Capra, Michael, Caspi, Shani, Cassoux, Nathalie, Castela, Guilherme, Castillo, Luis, Català-Mora, Jaume, Caviedes, Isabel, Chandramohan, Arthika, Chantada, Guillermo L., Chaudhry, Shabana, Chawla, Bhavna, Chen, Wensi, Chiwanga, Faraja S., Chuluunbat, Tsengelmaa, Cieslik, Krzysztof, Clark, Antony, Cockcroft, Ruellyn L., Comsa, Codruta, Correa Llano, Maria G., Corson, Timothy W., Couitchere, Line, Cowan-Lyn, Kristin E., Csóka, Monika, Dangboon, Wantanee, Das, Anirban, Das, Pranab, Das, Sima, Davanzo, Jacquelyn M., Davidson, Alan, De Francesco, Sonia, De Potter, Patrick, Delgado, Karina Q., Demirci, Hakan, Desjardins, Laurence, Diaz Coronado, Rosdali Y., Dimaras, Helen, Dodgshun, Andrew J., Donato Macedo, Carla R., Dragomir, Monica D., Du, Yi, Du Bruyn, Magritha, Du Plessis, Johannes P., Dudeja, Gagan, Eerme, Katrin, Eka Sutyawan, I Wayan, El Kettani, Asmaa, Elbahi, Amal M., Elder, James E., Elhaddad, Alaa M., Elhassan, Moawia M.A., Elzembely, Mahmoud M., Ericksen, Connor, Essuman, Vera A., Evina, Ted Grimbert A., Ezegwui, Ifeoma R., Fadoo, Zehra, Fandiño, Adriana C., Faranoush, Mohammad, Fasina, Oluyemi, Fernández, Delia D.P.G., Fernández-Teijeiro, Ana, Foster, Allen, Frenkel, Shahar, Fu, Ligia D., Fuentes-Alabi, Soad L., Garcia, Juan L., Aldana, David García, Garcia Pacheco, Henry N., Geel, Jennifer A., Ghassemi, Fariba, Girón, Ana V., Goenz, Marco A., Gold, Aaron S., Golberg, Hila, Gole, Glen A., Gomel, Nir, Gonzalez, Efren, Perez, Graciela Gonzalez, González-Rodríguez, Liudmira, Gorfine, Malka, Graells, Jaime, Gregersen, Pernille A., Grigorovski, Nathalia D.A.K., Guedenon, Koffi M., Gunasekera, D Sanjeeva, Gündüz, Ahmet K., Gupta, Himika, Gupta, Sanjiv, Gupta, Vineeta, Hadjistilianou, Theodora, Hamel, Patrick, Hamid, Syed A., Hamzah, Norhafizah, Hansen, Eric D., Harbour, J William, Hartnett, M. Elizabeth, Hasanreisoglu, Murat, Hassan, Sadiq, Hassan, Shadab, Hautz, Wojciech, Haydar, Huda A., Hederova, Stanislava, Hessissen, Laila, Lalaina, Hoby, Hongeng, Suradej, Hordofa, Diriba F., Hubbard, G. Baker, Hummlen, Marlies, Husakova, Kristina, Hussein Al-Janabi, Allawi N., Ibanga, Affiong A., Ida, Russo, Ilic, Vesna R., Islamov, Ziyavuddin, Jairaj, Vivekaraj, Janjua, Teyyeb A., Jeeva, Irfan, Ji, Xunda, Jo, Dong Hyun, Jones, Michael M., Amani Kabesha, Theophile B., Kabore, Rolande L., Kaliki, Swathi, Kalinaki, Abubakar, Kamsang, Pius, Kantar, Mehmet, Kapelushnik, Noa, Kardava, Tamar, Kebudi, Rejin, Keomisy, Jonny, Kepak, Tomas, Ketteler, Petra, Khan, Zohora J., Khaqan, Hussain A., Khetan, Vikas, Khodabande, Alireza, Khotenashvili, Zaza, Kim, Jonathan W., Kim, Jeong Hun, Kiratli, Hayyam, Kivelä, Tero T., Klett, Artur, Koç, Irem, Kosh Komba Palet, Jess Elio, Krivaitiene, Dalia, Kruger, Mariana, Kulvichit, Kittisak, Kuntorini, Mayasari W., Kyara, Alice, Lam, Geoffrey C., Larson, Scott A., Latinović, Slobodanka, Laurenti, Kelly D., Lavi, Yotam, Groznik, Alenka Lavric, Leverant, Amy A., Li, Cairui, Li, Kaijun, Limbu, Ben, Liu, Chun-Hsiu, Long, Quah Boon, López, Juan P., Lukamba, Robert M., Luna-Fineman, Sandra, Lutfi, Delfitri, Lysytsia, Lesia, Madgar, Shiran, Magrath, George N., Mahajan, Amita, Maitra, Puja, Maka, Erika, Makimbetov, Emil K., Maktabi, Azza M.Y., Maldonado, Carlos, Mallipatna, Ashwin, Manudhane, Rebecca, Manzhuova, Lyazat, Begue, Nieves Martín, Masud, Sidra, Matende, Ibrahim O., Mattosinho, Clarissa C.D.S., Matua, Marchelo, Mayet, Ismail, Mbumba, Freddy B., McKenzie, John D., Mehrvar, Azim, Mengesha, Aemero A., Menon, Vikas, Mercado, Gary John V.D.D., Mets, Marilyn B., Midena, Edoardo, Miller, Audra, Mishra, Divyansh K.C., Mndeme, Furahini G., Mohamedani, Ahmed A., Mohammad, Mona T., Moll, Annette C., Montero, Margarita M., Moreira, Claude, Mruthyunjaya, Prithvi, Msina, Mchikirwa S., Msukwa, Gerald, Mudaliar, Sangeeta S., Muhammad, Hassan, Muma, Kangwa I., Munier, Francis L., Murray, Timothy G., Musa, Kareem O., Mushtaq, Asma, Musika, Anne A., Mustak, Hamzah, Mustapha, Tajudeen, Muyen, Okwen M., Myezo, Khumo H., Naidu, Gita, Naidu, Natasha, Nair, Akshay Gopinathan, Natarajan, Sundaram, Naumenko, Larisa, Ndoye Roth, Paule Aïda, Nency, Yetty M., Neroev, Vladimir, Ng, Yvonne, Nikitovic, Marina, Nkanga, Elizabeth D., Nkumbe, Henry E., Numbi, Marcel N., Nummi, Kalle, Nuruddin, Murtuza, Nyaywa, Mutale, Nyirenda, Chinsisi, Obono-Obiang, Ghislaine, Oliver, Scott C.N., Ooporto, Joaquin, Ortega-Hernández, Miriam, Oscar, Alexander, Ossandon, Diego, Pagarra, Halimah, Paintsil, Vivian, Paiva, Luisa, Palanivelu, Mahesh Shanmugam, Papyan, Ruzanna, Parrozzani, Raffaele, Pascual Morales, Claudia R., Paton, Katherine E., Pe'er, Jacob, Calvo, Jesús Peralta, Perić, Sanja, Pham, Chau T.M., Philbert, Remezo, Plager, David A., Pochop, Pavel, Polania, Rodrigo A., Polyakov, Vladimir, Ponce, Jimena, Qadir, Ali O., Qayyum, Seema, Qian, Jiang, Rahman, Ardizal, Rajkarnikar, Purnima, Ramanjulu, Rajesh, Ramasubramanian, Aparna, Ramirez-Ortiz, Marco A., Randhawa, Jasmeen K., Raobela, Léa, Rashid, Riffat, Reddy, M. Ashwin, Renner, Lorna A., Reynders, David, Ribadu, Dahiru, Ritter-Sovinz, Petra, Rogowska, Anna, Rojanaporn, Duangnate, Romero, Livia, Roy, Soma R., Saab, Raya H., Saakyan, Svetlana, Sabhan, Ahmed H., Sagoo, Mandeep S., Said, Azza M.A., Saiju, Rohit, Salas, Beatriz, San Román Pacheco, Sonsoles, Sánchez, Gissela L., Sanchez Orozco, Alma Janeth, Sayalith, Phayvanh, Scanlan, Trish A., Schwab, Christoph, Sedaghat, Ahad, Seth, Rachna, Sgroi, Mariana, Shah, Ankoor S., Shakoor, Shawkat A., Sharma, Manoj K., Sherief, Sadik T., Shields, Carol L., Sia, David, Noorani Siddiqui, Sorath, Sidi cheikh, Sidi, Silva, Sónia, Singh, Arun D., Singh, Usha, Singha, Penny, Sitorus, Rita S., Skalet, Alison H., Soebagjo, Hendrian D., Sorochynska, Tetyana, Ssali, Grace, Stacey, Andrew W., Staffieri, Sandra E., Stahl, Erin D., Steinberg, David M., Stones, David K., Strahlendorf, Caron, Coleoni Suarez, Maria Estela, Sultana, Sadia, Sun, Xiantao, Superstein, Rosanne, Supriyadi, Eddy, Surukrattanaskul, Supawan, Suzuki, Shigenobu, Svojgr, Karel, Sylla, Fatoumata, Tamamyan, Gevorg, Tan, Deborah, Tandili, Alketa, Tang, Jing, Tarrillo Leiva, Fanny F., Tashvighi, Maryam, Tateshi, Bekim, Teh, Kok Hoi, Tehuteru, Edi S., Teixeira, Luiz F., Pompe, Manca Tekavcic, Thawaba, Abdullah Dahan M., Theophile, Tuyisabe, Toledano, Helen, Trang, Doan L., Traoré, Fousseyni, Tripathy, Devjyoti, Tuncer, Samuray, Tyau-Tyau, Harba, Umar, Ali B., Unal, Emel, Uner, Ogul E., Urbak, Steen F., Ushakova, Tatiana L., Usmanov, Rustam H., Valeina, Sandra, Valente, Paola, van Hoefen Wijsard, Milo, Vasquez Anchaya, Jacqueline Karina, Vaughan, Leon O., Veleva-Krasteva, Nevyana V., Verma, Nishant, Victor, Andi A., Viksnins, Maris, Villacís Chafla, Edwin G., Villegas, Victor M., Vishnevskia-Dai, Victoria, Waddell, Keith, Wali, Amina H., Wang, Yi-Zhuo, Wangtiraumnuay, Nutsuchar, Wetter, Julie A., Riono, Widiarti P., Wilson, Matthew W., Wime, Amelia D.C., Wiwatwongwana, Atchareeya, Wiwatwongwana, Damrong, Dod, Charlotte Wolley, Wong, Emily S., Wongwai, Phanthipha, Wu, Si-qi, Xiang, Daoman, Xiao, Yishuang, Xu, Bing, Xue, Kang, Yaghy, Antonio, Yam, Jason C., Yang, Huasheng, Yanga, Jenny M., Yaqub, Muhammad A., Yarovaya, Vera A., Yarovoy, Andrey A., Ye, Huijing, Yee, Roberto I., Yousef, Yacoub A., Yuliawati, Putu, López, Arturo M., Zein, Ekhtelbenina, Zhang, Yi, Zhilyaeva, Katsiaryna, Zia, Nida, Ziko, Othman A.O., Zondervan, Marcia, Schlüter, Sabrina, Bowman, Richard, and Vempuluru, Vijitha S.

Published
2025
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89. AFB1 induced free radicals cause encephalopathy in goat kids via intrinsic pathway of apoptosis: pathological and immunohistochemical confirmation of non-hepatic neuroaflatoxicosis

Author

Sahoo, Monalisa, Thakor, Jigarji Chaturji, Kumar, Pradeep, Singh, Rajendra, Kumar, Pawan, Singh, Karampal, Puvvala, Bhavani, Kumar, Ajay, Gopinathan, Aswathy, Palai, Santwana, Patra, Sushmita, Tripathy, Jagannath Prasad, Acharya, Ramakant, Sahoo, Nihar Ranjan, and Behera, Pratima

Published
2024
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91. Optimal mechanical interactions direct multicellular network formation on elastic substrates

Author

Noerr, Patrick S., Alvarado, Jose E. Zamora, Golnaraghi, Farnaz, McCloskey, Kara E., Gopinathan, Ajay, and Dasbiswas, Kinjal

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Cells self-organize into functional, ordered structures during tissue morphogenesis, a process that is evocative of colloidal self-assembly into engineered soft materials. Understanding how inter-cellular mechanical interactions may drive the formation of ordered and functional multicellular structures is important in developmental biology and tissue engineering. Here, by combining an agent-based model for contractile cells on elastic substrates with endothelial cell culture experiments, we show that substrate deformation-mediated mechanical interactions between cells can cluster and align them into branched networks. Motivated by the structure and function of vasculogenic networks, we predict how measures of network connectivity like percolation and fractal dimension, as well as local morphological features including junctions, branches, and rings depend on cell contractility and density, and on substrate elastic properties including stiffness and compressibility. We predict and confirm with experiments that cell network formation is substrate stiffness-dependent, being optimal at intermediate stiffness. Overall, we show that long-range, mechanical interactions provide an optimal and general strategy for multi-cellular self-organization, leading to more robust and efficient realization of space-spanning networks than through just local inter-cellular interactions., Comment: 30 pages, 22 figures

Published
2022

92. Freight Trucks in India are Primed for Electrification

Author

Abhyankar, Nikit, Gopinathan, Narayan, Khandekar, Aditya, Karali, Nihan, Phadke, Amol A, and Rajagopal, Deepak

Abstract

Diesel trucks account for more than seventy percent of all road freight movement in India, a share that has been steadily rising for over two decades. Diesel trucks also account for about 57% of petroleum used for transportation in India, which imports 88% of its crude oil consumption (with crude oil accounting for 16% of all imports). Diesel-based trucking is therefore a major contributor to concerns related to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, cost of freight, balance of trade and energy security. Recent dramatic improvements in battery costs and energy density have created opportunities for truck electrification that were seldom thought possible just a few years ago. This study analyzes the potential for truck electrification to reduce India’s emissions, fuel imports, and cost of freight through an estimation of cost of production and operation based on international battery prices. We find that battery electric trucks (BET), once mature, could have lower total cost of ownership (TCO) than diesel trucks across multiple weight classes and they also mitigate fuel price volatility, an issue endemic to diesel trucking. BETs might entail a small payload penalty which can be mitigated through light weighting strategies and any revenue losses offset by fuel cost savings. Simple calculations suggest that, at the current average grid emissions intensity for India, BETs reduce the greenhouse gas intensity of freight by 9% to 35% across different classes of trucks when compared to diesel in addition to eliminating air pollution along highways and congested areas.  Nevertheless, as is often the case for infant industries which promise external benefits (reduce pollution and create knowledge spillovers), sustained policy support will be needed for the BET industry if it is to attain commercial viability: achieving minimum scale will only occur after a long maturation phase, during which electric trucks may entail both higher upfront cost and total cost of ownership relative to diesel trucks. To this end, complementing the existing Production Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme with additional policies such as subsidies for early adopters, as well as binding obligations on truck manufacturers and large fleet owners to induct a certain quantity or share of BETs annually – will be critical for creating certainty for investors and the economies of scale needed to stimulate a positive feedback cycle of higher deployment and lower costs. India has already successfully leveraged renewable purchase obligations, to achieve significant deployment of low-cost renewable energy; the time is now right to consider how such an approach could help India reduce its dependence of diesel for trucking.

Published
2022

93. Collective states of active particles with elastic dipolar interactions

Author

Bose, Subhaya, Noerr, Patrick S., Gopinathan, Ajay, Gopinath, Arvind, and Dasbiswas, Kinjal

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, Physics - Biological Physics
Abstract

Many types of mammalian cells exert active contractile forces and mechanically deform their elastic substrate, to accomplish biological functions such as cell migration. These substrate deformations provide a mechanism by which cells can sense other cells, leading to long range mechanical intercell interactions and possible self organization. Here, we treat cells as noisy motile particles that exert contractile dipolar stresses on elastic substrates as they move. By combining this minimal model for the motility of individual cells with a linear elastic model that accounts for substrate mediated cell cell interactions, we examine emergent collective states that result from the interplay of cell motility and long range elastic dipolar interactions. In particular, we show that particles self assemble into flexible, motile chains which can cluster to form diverse larger scale compact structures with polar order. By computing key structural and dynamical metrics, we distinguish between the collective states at weak and strong elastic interactions, as well as at low and high motility. We also show how these states are affected by confinement, an important characteristic of the complex mechanical microenvironment inhabited by cells. Our model predictions are generally applicable to active matter with dipolar interactions ranging from biological cells to synthetic colloids endowed with electric or magnetic dipole moments., Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, Submitted to Frontiers in Physics: Soft Matter Physics - Special Issue

Published
2022

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