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Anksioznost i poremećaji spavanja česti su i međusobno povezani komorbiditeti demencije. Nije poznato je li povezanost anksioznosti i poremećaja spavanja teža u osoba s blagom demencijom u odnosu na populaciju usporedive dobi i spola stalno nastanjene u ustanovama za njegu, bez dijagnosticirane demencije, odnosno doprinosi li sama demencija čvrstoći te povezanosti. Radi navedenog cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati postoji li razlika u povezanosti anksioznosti s poremećajem spavanja kod hospitaliziranih bolesnika s dijagnosticiranom blagom demencijom u odnosu na osobe bez dijagnosticirane demencije usporedive dobi, spola i trajanja boravka u ustanovi. Provedeno je presječno istraživanje tijekom 2022. godine na Odjelu za liječenje kroničnih psihijatrijskih bolesnika oboljelih od demencija Klinike za psihijatriju Sveti Ivan u Zagrebu te u pet javnih ustanova - domova za starije osobe u Gradu Zagrebu. Poremećaji spavanja mjereni su Pitsburškim indeksom kvalitete spavanja (PSQI). Anksioznost je mjerena podljestvicom anksioznosti Ljestvice bolničke anksioznosti i depresije (HADS-A). Multivarijabilnom statističkom analizom kontroliran je mogući učinak sljedećih varijabli: dob, spol i trajanje boravka u ustanovi. U istraživanje je uključeno 75 ispitanika s blagom demencijom i 75 osoba bez demencije. Dva uzorka bili su prihvatljivo usporediva prema dobi i spolu, ali i različiti prema brojnim drugim sociodemografskim parametrima. Istraživanjem je dokazana statistički značajna povezanost anksioznosti i poremećaja spavanja u obje ispitivane skupine, nakon prilagodbe za dob, spol i trajanje boravka u ustanovi., Anxiety and sleep disorders are common and associated comorbidities of dementia. It is not known whether this association between anxiety and sleep disorders is more severe in people with mild dementia compared to a population of comparable age and gender permanently residing in care institutions, but without diagnosed dementia, hence, whether dementia itself contributes to the strength of this connection. For the above, the aim of this research was to examine whether there is a difference in the association between anxiety and sleep disorders in hospitalized patients with diagnosed mild dementia compared to people without diagnosed dementia but of comparable age, gender and length of stay in the institution. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2022 at the Department for the Treatment of Chronic Psychiatric Patients Suffering from Dementia at the Sveti Ivan Psychiatry Clinic in Zagreb and at five public institutions - homes for the elderly in the City of Zagreb. Sleep disorders were measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). was Anxiety was measured using the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A). Confounding variables whose effect was controlled by multivariable statistical analysis were age in years, gender, and length of stay in the institution. 75 patients with mild dementia and 75 persons without dementia were included in the research. The two samples were reasonably comparable according to age and gender, but also different according to numerous other sociodemographic parameters. The research proved a statistically significant association between anxiety and sleep disorders in both examined groups, after adjustment for age, gender and length of stay in the institution.

UVOD: Onkologija je grana medicine poznata po svojoj kompleksnosti u prevenciji, dijagnostici, liječenju i rehabilitaciji osoba oboljelih od malignih bolesti. Skrb o onkološkom pacijentu zahtijeva multidisciplinaran pristup u kojem važnu ulogu ima upravo medicinska sestra/tehničar. CILJ: Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove studenata sestrinstva o potencijalnim negativnim posljedicama na mentalno zdravlje zdravstvenih djelatnika zaposlenih na odjelu onkologije. Nadalje, usporedile su se razlike u stavovima s obzirom na razinu studija koju ispitanici pohađaju te broj godina radnog iskustva u području sestrinstva. METODE I ISPITANICI: Stavovi su mjereni autorskim upitnikom izrađenim isključivo za potrebe ovog istraživanja. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 103 studenata preddiplomskih i diplomskih, stručnih i sveučilišnih studija neovisno o godini studiranja. REZULTATI: Rezultati dobiveni provedbom istraživanja pokazuju kako većina studenata zdravstvenu njegu onkoloških pacijenta smatra izuzetno kompleksnom. Najveće slaganje uočeno je u tvrdnjama vezanim za pružanje specifične psihološke potpore onkološkim pacijentima, izloženosti nizu kroničnih stresora te tvrdnji da nedostatak slobodnog vremena pogoduje razvoju simptoma sindroma izgaranja. Ispitanici su se u najmanjoj mjeri složili s tvrdnjom adekvatnosti plaće te tvrdnjom da svjedočenje smrti može pomoći u prevladavanju straha od smrtnosti. Glavne razlike uočene na temelju dobivenih odgovora, s obzirom na razinu obrazovanja i radno iskustvo u struci, odnose se na adekvatnost plaće na onkološkim odjelima te izloženosti nizu kroničnih stresora. ZAKLJUČAK: Unatoč nekoliko uočenih razlika u stupnju slaganja s tvrdnjama, zaključak je da studenti sestrinstva u podjednakoj mjeri smatraju da rad na onkologiji pogoduje razvoju mentalnih poteškoća., INTRODUCTION: Oncology is a branch of medicine known for its complexity when it comes to preventing, diagnosing, treating, and rehabilitating people suffering from a malignant disease. Oncology patient care calls for a multidisciplinary approach in which an important role is played by nurses. AIM: The main goal of this survey was to examine the attitudes of nursing students towards potential negative consequences for healthcare professionals working in the oncology department. Furthermore, the differences in attitudes were compared based on the level of study of the participants and their years of work experience in nursing. METHODS AND RESPONDENTS: The attitudes were measured using a questionnaire which was made exclusively for the purposes of this survey. One hundred and three undergraduate and graduate, professional and university study students participated in the survey regardless of the academic year they enrolled in. RESULTS: The survey results show that the majority of students consider oncology patient care to be highly complex. The highest level of agreement was observed in statements related to the provision of specific psychological support to oncology patients, and exposure to a series of chronic stressors, and the statement that a lack of free time favours the development of burnout syndrome symptoms. The participants least agreed with the statement related to salary adequacy, and the statement that witnessing death can help overcome the fear of death. The main differences observed based on the answers received, with regard to the participants' education level and work experience, relate to salary adequacy in oncology departments, and exposure to a series of chronic stressors. CONCLUSION: Although some differences in the level of agreement were noted, we arrived at the conclusion that nursing students agree in equal measure that working in oncology favours the development of mental health problems.

UVOD: Psihoaktivne tvari utječu na različite mentalne procese poput percepcije, svijesti, spoznaja ili raspoloženja i emocija, a njihova upotreba se nužno ne poistovjećuje s razvojem ovisnosti, već se neželjene posljedice povezuju sa „zlouporabom“ ili „prekomjernom upotrebom“. Psihoaktivne tvari se najčešće dijele na stimulanse i depresive središnjeg živčanog sustava, opijate i halucinogene. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi postoje li statistički značajne razlike u negativnim emocijama i različitim vrstama agresivnosti kod osoba sklonih zlouporabi psihoaktivnih tvari u odnosu na kontrolnu skupinu. Specifični cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi povezanost između negativnih emocija i agresivnosti kod osoba sa sklonošću zlouporabe psihoaktivnih tvari. METODE: Istraživanje je provedeno u Županijskoj specijalnoj bolnici Insula, a ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije skupine: kriterijsku skupina – osobe koje se liječe zbog zlouporabe ili ovisnosti o psihoaktivnim tvarima (N= 44) i kontrolnu skupinu (N=55). Podaci za istraživanje prikupljali su se putem 3 anketna upitnika: upitnik sociodemografskih podataka, DASS-21 i BPAQ. Statističkom obradom podataka uspoređivani su rezultati upitnika kod obje skupine, s ciljem procjene stresa, anksioznosti, depresije i agresivnosti te povezanosti istih sa zlouporabom psihoaktivnih tvari. REZULTATI: Ukupan prosječni rezultat DASS-21 upitnika bio je 30,41 kod ispitanika sa sklonošću zlouporabe psihoaktivnih tvari, a kod kontrolne skupine 9,49 (t = 8,79; df = 93; p < 0,05) pri čemu se može zaključiti da osobe koje uzimaju psihoaktivne tvari imaju značajno više negativnih simptoma od kontrolne skupine. Prosječni rezultati upitnika agresivnosti koji procjenjuje četiri tipa agresivnosti u subskalama fizičke agresivnosti, verbalne agresivnosti, ljutnje i hostilnosti, statistički je značajno viši kod ispitanika koji imaju sklonost ka zlouporabi psihoaktivnih tvari (t = 10,32; df = 93; p < 0,05). ZAKLJUČAK: Zlouporaba psihoaktivnih tvari povezana je s negativnim emocijama poput stresa, anksioznosti, depresije i agresivnog ponašanja., INTRODUCTION: Psychoactive substances affect different mental processes such as perception, consciousness, cognition or mood and emotions, and their use is not necessarily identified with the development of addiction, but unwanted consequences are associated with "abuse" or "excessive use". Psychoactive substances are usually divided into stimulants and depressants of the central nervous system, opiates, and hallucinogens. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research was to determine whether there are statistically significant differences in negative emotions and different types of aggressiveness in persons prone to abuse of psychoactive substances compared to the control group. The specific goal of the research was to determine the connection between negative emotions and aggressiveness in people with a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances. METHODS: The research was conducted at the Insula County Special Hospital, and the subjects were divided into two groups: a criterion group - people being treated for abuse or addiction to psychoactive substances (N= 44) and a control group (N=55). Data for the research were collected through 3 questionnaires: sociodemographic data questionnaire, DASS-21 and BPAQ. Statistical data processing compared the results of the questionnaire in both groups, with the aim of assessing stress, anxiety, depression and aggressiveness and their connection with the abuse of psychoactive substances. RESULTS: The total average score of the DASS-21 questionnaire was 30.41 in subjects with a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances, and 9.49 in the control group (t = 8.79; df = 93; p < 0.05) conclude that people taking psychoactive substances have significantly more negative symptoms than the control group. The average results of the aggressiveness questionnaire, which assesses four types of aggressiveness in the subscales of physical aggressiveness, verbal aggressiveness, anger and hostility, is statistically significantly higher in subjects who have a tendency to abuse psychoactive substances (t = 10.32; df = 93; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Abuse of psychoactive substances is associated with negative emotions such as stress, anxiety, depression, and aggressive behavior.

Poremećaji autističnog spektra skupina su neurorazvojnih poremećaja koji se javljaju u ranoj dobi, a glavne osobine su poremećaj socijalnih vještina, govora i komunikacije te ograničeni interesi i radnje. COVID-19 pandemija zahvaća većinu svjetske populacije, pa tako i djecu i mlade s poremećajima autističnog spektra i njihove obitelji. Tipični simptomi navedene dijagnoze dodatno im otežavaju suočavanje s pandemijom. Gubitak dnevne rutine, otežan pristup primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti, zabrinuti i tjeskobni roditelj vežu se uz pogoršanje psihičkog zdravlja djece i veće probleme u ponašanju., Autism spectrum disorders are groups of neurodevelopmental disorders that occur at an early age and the main features are impaired social skills, speech and communication, and limited interests and actions. The COVID-19 pandemic affects the majority of the world's population, including children and young people with autism spectrum disorders and their families. The typical symptoms of this diagnosis make it even more difficult for them to cope with a pandemic. Loss of daily routine, difficult access to primary health care, and anxious parents are associated with deteriorating mental health of children and greater behavioral problems.

Iz grada Wuhana je koncem 2019. godine krenula nova bolest. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija nazvala ju je COVID-19. Dana 25. veljače 2020. godine Republika Hrvatska je potvrdila prvi slučaj zaraze COVID-19. Dana 16. ožujka 2020. godine donesena je odluka kojom se zatvaraju sve odgojno-obrazovne institucije u Republici Hrvatskoj. Nastava se odvijala online. Adolescencija je životno razdoblje na prijelazu iz djetinjstva u odraslu dob. Prema Svjetskoj zdravstvenoj organizaciji, mentalno je zdravlje temelj osobnog blagostanja i učinkovitog funkcioniranja. Adolescenti su bili izloženi prolongiranoj izolaciji od vršnjaka, prestanku sudjelovanja u sportu i drugim društvenim aktivnostima, izazovima učenja na daljinu, osobnoj bolesti ili bolesti u obitelji, čak i smrti. Napredak pandemije je sa sobom doveo visoke stope depresije, anksioznosti i posttraumatskih simptoma. Također su se javljale više stope zanemarivanja i zlostavljanja, poremećaji u odnosima u obitelji, izolacija i samoća. Dugi COVID je skup simptoma koji traju tjednima ili mjesecima u pacijenata nakon što se zaraze virusom SARS- CoV-2 i često utječe i na mentalno zdravlje. Postoje inicijative i programi samih adolescenata za grupe međusobne podrške. Istraživanja pokazuju da se većina adolescenata pridržava preporučenih epidemioloških mjera za zaštitu od COVID-19. Pandemija uzrokuje anksioznost, stres, stigmu, ksenofobiju. Karantena i samoizolacija imaju uglavnom negativan učinak na mentalni status pojedinca. Mladi mogu iskusiti anksioznost, distres i socijalnu izolaciju te to može imati kratkoročne ili dugoročne posljedice na njihovo mentalno zdravlje. Epidemije dovode do stigmatizacije. Osim negativnih učinaka COVID-19 pandemije i „lockdown“-a, uočene su i neke pozitivne posljedice: smanjen unos brze hrane, povećan unos orašastih plodova, voća i povrća je uočen. Pojačana fizička aktivnost, smanjen sjedilački način života i povećana učinkovitost mrežne nastave doprinose pozitivnom razvoju mentalnog i fizičkog zdravlja., At the end of 2019 a new disease emerged from the city of Wuhan in China. The World Health Organisation called this new disease COVID-19. The first case of COVID-19 in Croatia was confirmed on 25th February 2020. On 16th March 2020, all educational institutions were closed down in the whole of Croatia. Online schooling was instituted for all students. There are many definitions of adolescence. To simplify, adolescence is a period from the start of puberty until adult age. The World Health Organisation defines mental health as the bedrock of personal wellbeing and effective functioning. Adolescents were subjected to prolonged isolation from their peers, cessation of sports and other social activities, to the challenges of remote learning, personal illness or illness in the family, or even death. The course of the pandemic yielded high rates of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic syndromes. Higher rates of neglect and abuse, as well as disturbances in family relations, isolation and loneliness were reported. Long COVID is a collection of symptoms that last for weeks or months in patients after they are infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and there are pronounced effects on mental health. There are initiatives and programmes created by adolescents for adolescents as support groups. Research shows that the majority of adolescents adhere to recommended public health COVID policies and recommendations. The pandemic has an effect on individuals and the society as a whole and causes anxiety, stress, stigma and xenophobia. Young people may experience anxiety, distress, social isolation and they can have short-term and long-term impacts on their mental health. Epidemics lead to stigmatization. Except negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, some positive effects have been observed. Seven studies noted positive impacts on the health of adolescents. Limited fast food intake, increased intake of nuts, fruit and vegetables has been observed. Increased physical activity, lower rates of a sedentary lifestyle and increased effectiveness of online schooling result in positive developement of mental and physical health.

Mentalno zdravlje djece i mladih je oduvijek bilo pod velikim vanjskim utjecajem u vidu migracija stanovništva, sukoba u svijetu, ekonomskih problema i ekoloških promjena. Moderan svijet je donio nove promjene u obliku digitalnih tehnologija, društvenih mreža, novonastalih zdravstvenih kriza i ratnih zbivanja koji imaju direktan i indirektan negativan učinak na mentalno zdravlje. Kod jednog od petero djece će se tijekom odrastanja javiti problem mentalnog zdravlja. Za očuvanje mentalnog zdravlje u modernom svijetu nužno je pravovremeno djelovati na pozitivan rast i razvoj. Djelovanje se mora usmjeriti prema zaštitnim čimbenicima, posebno školi i obitelji. U školama se trebaju provoditi programi prevencije i promocije mentalnog zdravlje i što ranije prepoznati rizične faktore razvoja mentalnih problema., The mental health of children and youth has always been greatly influenced by external migration in the form of population migration, world conflicts, economic problems and environmental change. The modern world has brought us new changes in the form of digital technologies, social networks, emerging health crises and war events that have a direct and indirect negative impact on mental health. One in five children will develop a mental health problem as they grow up. To maintain mental health in the modern world, it is necessary to act in a timely manner on positive growth and development. Action must be directed towards protective factors, especially school and family. Mental health prevention and promotion programs should be implemented in schools and risk factors for the development of mental problems should be identified as soon as possible.

Procjenjuje se da u Republici Hrvatskoj svaka treća osoba konzumira duhan, što iznosi otprilike 30% stanovništva. Konzumacija duhana je prisutna u svakoj životnoj dobi, a započinje sve ranije. Također se povezuje s nižim socioekonomskim statusom, nižim stupnjem obrazovanja i manjom kvalitetom života. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati učestalost ovisnosti o nikotinu kod zdravstvenih i nezdravstvenih djelatnika, ispitati učestalost ovisnosti o nikotinu s obzirom na sociodemografska obilježja (spol, obrazovanje, socioekonomski status), te ispitati kvalitetu života kod ovisnika o nikotinu. Istraživanje je provedeno putem anonimne ankete među zdravstvenim i nezdravstvenim djelatnicima Republike Hrvatske, u periodu od 01. travnja 2022 godine do 01. svibnja 2022. godine. U istraživanje su bile uključene osobe od 20 do 65 godina života, oba spola. U istraživanje je bilo uključeno 160 ispitanika. Anketa je bila podijeljena neposrednim kontaktom sa ispitanicima. Instrumentarij su činila tri upitnika. Upitnik o sociodemografskim podatcima sačinjen za ovo istraživanje, upitnik o konzumaciji nikotina sačinjen za ovo istraživanje i upitnik o kvaliteti života. Suprotno očekivanjima, istraživanje je pokazalo da veći broj zdravstvenih djelatnika puši u odnosu na nezdravstvene djelatnike, veći broj ispitanika sa srednjom stručnom spremom i višom stručnom spremom konzumira nikotin u odnosu na broj nepušača u istim kategorijama, dok je obrazac suprotan kod visoke stručne spreme, gdje je relativno veći broj nepušača od pušača. Pokazalo se da ne postoji statistički značajna razlika u procijenjenoj kvaliteti života između pušača i nepušača te da postoji značajno veća svjesnost o štetnosti pušenja kod nepušača u odnosu na pušače., It is estimated that in the Republic of Croatia every third person consumes tobacco, which is approximately 30% of the population. Tobacco consumption is present at every age and starts earlier. It is also associated with lower socio-economic status, lower levels of education and lower quality of life. The aim of the study was to examine the incidence of nicotine addiction in health and non-health professionals, to examine the incidence of nicotine addiction with respect to sociodemographic characteristics (gender, education, socioeconomic status), and to examine the quality of life in nicotine addicts. The research was conducted through an anonymous survey among health and non-health professionals of the Republic of Croatia, in period from April 1, 2022 to May 1, 2022. The study included people aged 20 to 65, both sexes. 160 respondents were included in the research. The survey was divided through direct contact with the respondents. The instrumentation consisted of three questionnaires. Socio-demographic data questionnaire made for this research, nicotine consumption questionnaire made for this research and quality of life questionnaire. Contrary to expectations, the research showed that more health workers smoke compared to non-health workers, more respondents with secondary education and higher education consume nicotine compared to the number of non-smokers in the same categories, while the pattern is opposite in higher education, where is a relatively higher number of non-smokers than smokers. It was shown that there is no statistically significant difference in the estimated quality of life between smokers and non-smokers and that there is a significantly higher awareness of the harmfulness of smoking in non-smokers compared to smokers.

Uvod: Prisustvo ozljede osim fizičkog, može narušiti i psihološko zdravlje. Depresivnost, anksioznost te stres su poteškoće koje nastaju kao posljedica narušenog zdravstvenog statusa. Osim ozljede, oboljenje SARS-CoV-2 virusom također nepovoljno utječe na kliničku sliku psihološkog zdravlja. Cilj rada: Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati razinu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa kod osoba na fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji nakon pretrpljene ozljede. Dodatno, ispitana je povezanost sociodemografskih obilježja, obilježja ozljede i izloženost SARS-CoV-2 virusu s mjerama mentalnog zdravlja. Metoda: U presječnom istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 55 pacijenata u postupku fizikalne rehabilitacije, od čega 27 muškaraca i 28 žena. Prosječna dob ispitanika je 56,4 godine, većinom su srednje stručne spreme (76,4%), u partnerskoj vezi (74,5%) te je 43,6% zaposleno a njih 40% umirovljeno. Ispitanici su ispunjavali sljedeće samoprocjenske upitnike: sociodemografski upitnik, Skalu depresije, anksioznosti i stresa (DASS-21), modificirani upitnik o zdravstvenom statusu (SF-36) i kratki upitnik o izloženosti COVID-19 bolesti. Rezultati: Većina ispitanika je imala ozljedu na jednom mjestu (89,1%) pri čemu su najučestalije vrste ozljede umjetni zglob (32,7%) i oštećenje mišića (29,1%). Značajan rizik za rizik za depresiju ima 7,3% ispitanika, anksioznost 16,4% te stres njih 4,4%. Ženski spol, mjesto ozljede noga, vrste ozljede umjetni zglob i ozljeda slabinskog dijela značajno su povezani s lošijim ishodom mentalnog zdravlja dok je status umirovljenika povezan s nižom razinom depresivnosti. Osobe koje su preboljele COVID-19 i kojima je bliska osoba oboljela imaju značajno veće razine ispitivanih psiholoških poteškoća. Značajni samostalni prediktori depresivnosti i anksioznosti su osobna izloženost bolesti COVID-19 te ugradnja umjetnog zgloba. Dodatno, značajan prediktor anksioznosti je fizička ograničenost zbog ozljede. Jedini značajan prediktor stresa je ugradnja umjetnog zgloba. Zaključak: Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na dobro mentalno zdravlje osoba na fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji nakon doživljene jedne ili više fizičkih ozljeda. Pandemija COVID-19 ima značajan utjecaj na mentalno zdravlje te je u rehabilitacijskom radu potrebno povećati senzibilnost na utjecaj istih na pacijente u fizikalnoj rehabilitaciji. Posebno su rizične osobe s ugrađenim umjetnom kukom., Introduction: The presence of an injury, in addition to physical, can also impair psychological health. Depression, anxiety and stress are difficulties that arise as a result of impaired health status. In addition to injury, SARS-CoV-2 virus also adversely affects the clinical picture of psychological health. Aim: The main objective of the study was to examine the level of depression, anxiety and stress in persons on physical rehabilitation after suffering an injury. Additionally, the association of sociodemographic characteristics, injury characteristics, and SARS-CoV-2 virus exposure with mental health measures was examined. Method: A total of 55 patients in the physical rehabilitation procedure participated in the cross-sectional study, of which 27 were men and 28 were women. The average age of the respondents was 56.4 years, most of them had secondary education (76.4%), were in a partnership (74.5%) and 43.6% were employed and 40% were retired. Participants completed the following self-assessment questionnaires: the Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Modified Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36), and the Short Questionnaire on COVID-19 Disease Exposure. Results: The majority of respondents had injured one part of the body (89.1%), with the most common types of injury being an artificial joint (32.7%) and muscle damage (29.1%). 7.3% of respondents had a significant risk for depression, 16.4% for anxiety and 4.4% for stress. Female gender, leg injury, artificial hip and lower back injury were significantly associated with poorer mental health outcomes while retiree status was associated with lower levels of depression. People with who have experienced COVID-19 and or who’s close ones were positive for COVID-those have significantly higher levels of psychological difficulties examined. Significant independent predictors of depression and anxiety are personal exposure to COVID-19 disease and implantation of an artificial joint. Additionally, a significant predictor of anxiety is physical limitation due to injury. The only significant predictor of stress is the implantation of an artificial joint. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate good mental health of persons in physical rehabilitation after experiencing one or more physical injuries. The COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health an in clinical work it is necessary to increase the sensitivity to its’ impact on patients in physical rehabilitation. Particularly at risk are people with a built-in artificial hook.

Uvod: Mobbing medicinskih sestara/tehničara je specifični oblik nasilja na radnom mjestu koje dovodi do brojnih posljedica na mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje žrtve, te se važnost njegova prepoznavanja očituje u poznavanju tih posljedica koje mobbing može prouzrokovati. Cilj istraživanja: Cilj istraživanja je ispitati prisutnost mobbinga na radnom mjestu medicinskih sestara/tehničara te njegove štetne posljedice na njihovo mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje. Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je provedeno na 484 medicinskih sestara/ tehničara iz Facebook grupe “Medicinske sestre/tehničari zajedno”. Kao instrument istraživanja korišten je upitnik koji se sastoji od tri dijela. Prvi dio su socio-demografska pitanja, drugi dio je upitnik o prisutnosti mobbinga koji se sastoji od 33 pitanja, a treći dio upitnika ispituje utjecaj mobbinga na mentalno i tjelesno zdravlje medicinskih sestara/tehničara. Rezultati: Ovim istraživanjem potvrđeno je prisustvo mobbinga na radnom mjestu medicinskih sestara/tehničara u svakoj od ispitivanih domena. Od 484 medicinske sestre/tehničara koji su sudjelovali u istraživanju 71,1% navodi da ih se često prekida dok govore; osjećaj da se oni kao osobe i njihov rad kontroliraju imalo je 71,7% ispitanika; 84,5% navodi da je netko govorio neistine o njima; 82,4% je bilo verbalno ugroženo; iskustvo da netko govori o njima na omalovažavajući način u prisutnosti drugih osoba imala su 72,7% ispitanika, a 15,1% ispitanika imalo je iskustvo s fizičkim nasiljem. Rezultati utjecaja mobbinga na zdravlje bilježe osjećaj tuge kada se sjete neprijateljskog ponašanja prema njima kod 71% medicinskih sestara; 67,6% proživljava ponašanja koja su im učinjena. Radi mobbing ponašanja 77,5 % je imalo glavobolje, 65,9% poremećen san, 57,4% gastrointestinalne smetnje, a 42,6% ispitanika misli da su depresivni. Zaključak: Mobbing je uvelike prisutan u profesiji medicinskih sestara/tehničara, te ima štetan utjecaj na njihovo zdravlje., Introduction: Mobbing among nurses / technicians is a specific form of violence at work that leads to numerous consequences on the mental and physical health of the victim. The importance of recognizing mobbing is reflected in the knowledge of its consequences. Purpose of the research: The purpose of the research is to examine the presence of mobbing at work among nurses / technicians and its harmful consequences on their mental and physical health. Subjects and methods: The study was conducted on 484 nurses / technicians from the Facebook group “Nurses / technicians together”. A three-part questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The first part of the study represents a set of socio-demographic questions, the second part is a questionnaire about the presence of mobbing consisting of 33 questions, and the third part of the questionnaire examines the impact of mobbing on the mental and physical health of nurses / technicians. Results: The study confirmed the presence of mobbing in the workplace of nurses / technicians in each of the surveyed domains. Of the 484 nurses / technicians who participated in the study, 71.1% stated they were often interrupted while speaking, 71.7% felt they as a person and their work were controlled, 84.5% state that someone told untruths about them, 82.4% were verbally threatened, 72.7% of respondents have the experience of someone talking about them in a disparaging way in the presence of other people, and 15.1% of respondents have experienced physical violence. The results of the impact of mobbing on health record feeling sadness when one remembers the hostile behavior towards by 71% of nurses and 67.6% ruminate on the mobbing experiences. Due to work mobbing, 77.5% have headaches, 65.9% disturbed sleep, 57.4% gastrointestinal disorders, and 42.6% of respondents think they are depressed. Conclusion: Mobbing is widely present in the profession of nurses / technicians in Croatia, and has a detrimental effect on their health.

Dugotrajno izlaganje stresnim životnim situacijama, stresu na radnom mjestu, smjenskom radu i radu noću može doprinijeti u razvoju medicinskih simptoma i sindroma kao što je PTSP((Post-traumatic stress disorder) i sindrom izgaranja na poslu. Ciljevi ovoga rada bili su istražiti kako smjenski rad utječe na kvalitetu života, san, doživljaj stresa i pojavu anksioznih i depresivnih simptoma. Istraživanje je provedeno u Psihijatrijskoj bolnici Ugljan tijekom svibnja 2021. godine.Sudjelovalo je 50 medicinskih sestara/tehničara od kojih je 22 medicinskih sestara /tehničara u jutarnjim smjenama,te 28 medicinskih sestara/ tehničara u radu u smjenama.Dobrovoljnim sudjelovanjem prema etičkim principima,svaki od ispitanika je ispunio bateriju upitnika i to:Sociodemografski podaci,Dass skala(skala depresije,stresa i anksioznosti),Upitnik doživljaja stresa,Insomnia (ISQ) upitnik simptoma nesanice,WHOO upitnik(zdravlje i kvaliteta čovjekovog života). Statističkom obradom nije utvđena statistička značajna razlika između dvije skupine ispitanika prema svim kriterijima osim u domeni doživljenog stresa., Prolonged exposure to stressful life situations, workplace stress, shift work and night work can cause a range of medical problems and syndromes such as PTSP and burnout syndrome at work. The objectives of this study were to investigate how shift work affects quality of life, sleep, experience of stress, and the onset of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The research was conducted at the Ugljan Psychiatric Hospital during May 2021. 50 nurses / technicians participated, of which 22 nurses / technicians are in the morning shifts, and 28 nurses / technicians are working in shifts.By voluntary participation according to ethical principles, each of the respondents filled out a battery of questionnaires, as follows: Socio-demographic data,,Dass scale (depression, stress and anxiety scale), Stress experience questionnaire, Insomnia (ISQ) insomnia symptoms questionnaire, WHOO questionnaire (health and quality of life).Statistical processing did not reveal a statistically significant difference between the two groups of respondents according to all criteria except in the domain of experienced stress.

Anksioznost i depresija predstavljaju stanja narušenog mentalnog zdravlja, koja se mogu javiti kod svih pojedinaca, neovisno o dobi ili spolu. Američko udruženje za anksioznost i depresiju (ADAA – eng. Anxiety and Depression Association of America) procjenjuje da će 31% svih odraslih pojedinaca u nekom trenutku života doživjeti simptome anksioznosti, a Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija (SZO), procjenjuje da 284 milijuna odraslih osoba širom svijeta osjeća anksioznost, od toga u 63% slučajeva anksioznost zahvaća žene, a u 37 % slučajeva muškarce. Depresija najčešće uzrokuje osjećaj tuge i/ili gubitak interesa za aktivnosti svakodnevnog života ili aktivnosti koje su pojedincima prethodno predstavljale užitak. ADAA navodi kako u bilo kojem trenutku, 3 do 5 % ljudi pati od depresije, odnosno da 264 milijuna ljudi širom svijeta živi s depresijom. Zdravstveni djelatnici, koji zbog prirode svog posla predstavljaju rizičnu skupinu za razvoj anksioznosti i depresije, aktivni su djelatnici zdravstvenog sustava te se očekuje da imaju visoku razinu povjerenja u isti, no anksioznost i depresija mogu utjecati i na njihovu percepciju. Stoga je cilj istraživanja bio istražiti i usporediti prisutnost simptoma anksioznosti i depresije kod zdravstvenih djelatnika i utjecaj navedenih simptoma na povjerenje u zdravstveni sustav i zadovoljstvo istim. Istraživanje se provelo putem 4 anketna upitnika: Zadovoljstvo zdravstvenim sustavom i percepcija povjerenja u zdravstveni sustav, BAI upitnik – Beckov indeks anksioznosti, BDI – II – M upitnik - Beckov indeks depresije i Indeks anksiozne osjetljivosti. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 46 ispitanika od kojih je 23,91% (n=11) muškog spola, a 76,09% (n=35) ženskog. Prosječna dob ispitanika iznosila je 44,17 ± 11,39 godina, medijan 45,50 godina. Prosječne vrijednosti Indeksa anksiozne osjetljivosti (IAO) u provedenom istraživanju iznose 22,5 što ukazuje na nisku razinu anksiozne osjetljivosti kod svih ispitanika. Prema rezultatima BDI – II – M, najveći postotak ispitanika ima odsustvo depresije 91,30% (n=42). Prema rezultatima BAI upitnika, ispitanici su u najvećem postotku 54,35% (n=25) ostvarili 7 ili manje bodova, što ukazuje da imaju nisku razinu anksioznosti. Blaga anksioznost uočena je kod 28,26% (n=13) ispitanika, umjerena kod njih 15,22% (n=7), a teška anksioznost uočena je samo kod jedne osobe i to ženskog spola. Rezultati upitnika o zadovoljstvu zdravstvenim sustavom i povjerenjem u isti, dokazuju da ispitanici imaju visoku razinu zadovoljstva zdravstveni sustav te visoku razinu povjerenja u isti., Anxiety and depression are states of impaired mental health, which can occur in all individuals, regardless of age or gender. The American Anxiety and Depression Association (ADAA) estimates that 31% of all adults will experience anxiety symptoms at some point in their lives, and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 284 million adults worldwide feel anxiety, of which in 63% of cases anxiety affects women and in 37% of cases men. Depression most often causes feelings of sadness and / or loss of interest in activities of daily living or activities that have previously been enjoyable for individuals. The ADAA states that at any given time, 3 to 5% of people suffer from depression, meaning that 264 million people worldwide live with depression. Healthcare professionals, who due to the nature of their work represent a risk group for the development of anxiety and depression, are active employees of the healthcare system and are expected to have a high level of confidence in it, but anxiety and depression can also affect their perception. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate and compare the presence of symptoms of anxiety and depression in health professionals and the impact of these symptoms on confidence in the health system and satisfaction with the same. The research was conducted through 4 survey questionnaires: Health system satisfaction and perception of trust in the health system, BAI questionnaire - Beck anxiety index, BDI - II - M questionnaire - Beck depression index and Anxiety sensitivity index. A total of 46 respondents participated in the study, of which 23.91% (n = 11) were male and 76.09% (n = 35) were female. The mean age of the subjects was 44.17 ± 11.39 years, the median was 45.50 years. The average values of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index (IAO) in the conducted research are 22.5, which indicates a low level of anxiety sensitivity in all subjects. According to the results of BDI - II - M, the largest percentage of respondents has the absence of depression 91.30% (n = 42). According to the results of the BAI questionnaire, the respondents scored 7 or less points in the highest percentage of 54.35% (n = 25), which indicates that they have a low level of anxiety. Mild anxiety was observed in 28.26% (n = 13) of respondents, moderate in 15.22% (n = 7), and severe anxiety was observed in only one person, a female. The results of the questionnaire on satisfaction with the health system and trust in it prove that the respondents have a high level of satisfaction with the health system and a high level of trust in it.

Granični poremećaj ličnosti spada u skupinu B poremećaja ličnosti. To je najčešći poremećaj ličnosti, a karakteriziran je emocionalnom nestabilnošću, odnosno nemogućnošću regulacije afekta, poremećenim obrascima mišljenja i ponašanja, impulzivnim ponašanjima, te intenzivnim ali nestabilnim odnosima sa drugima. Granični poremećaj ličnosti nerijetko je povezan s različitim komorbidnim psihijatrijskim entitetima, koji su često glavni otežavajući faktor u terapiji graničnog poremećaja ličnosti. Najčešća komorbidna stanja koja se susreću u bolesnika s graničnim poremećajem ličnosti su poremećaji raspoloženja, od kojih je najčešća depresija, zatim anksiozni poremećaji, bolesti ovisnosti, te psihotični poremećaji., Borderline personality disorder is one of the personality disorders from cluster B. It is the most common personality disorder, and is characterized by emotional instability, inability to regulate affect, disturbed patterns of thinking and behavior, impulsive behavior, and intense but unstable relationships with others. Borderline personality disorder is often associated with various comorbid psychiatric entities, which are often the main problem when treating borderline personality disorder. The most common comorbid conditions that can be seen in patients with borderline personality disorder are mood disorders, mostly depression, followed by anxiety disorders and addiction.

U današnjem ritmu života dok se pojedinac traži između stresa, obaveza i nezadovoljstva lako se konzumiranje različitih sredstava ovisnosti uvuče u svakodnevnicu. S obzirom da se svi ljudi po nečemu razlikuju, svaki čovjek sam gradi most preko kojega će preći u nadi za boljitkom. Politoksikomanija trnoviti je most, ali nije ga nemoguće preći. Svaki pojedinac teži ka prihvaćenosti od okoline te traži podršku u lošim i dobrim vremenima. Kada ne vidi izlaz iz svojih problema, često posustaje u nastojanjima te teži bijegu od trenutnih događaja. Cilj ovoga rada je uvidjeti u određenom razdoblju pojavnost toksikomanije na Klinici za psihijatriju KBC Rijeka ovisno o spolu. Prema unaprijed određenim postavkama iz arhive Klinike za psihijatriju KBC Rijeka provedeno je istraživanje. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da osobe muškog spola više uživaju različite supstance ovisnosti nego osobe ženskog spola, da su politoksikomaniji sklonije osobe mlađe životne dobi te da se broj hospitalizacija povećao u razdoblju obuhvaćenom u istraživanju. Gore navedeni rezultati pokazuju da je uzlazni trend hospitalizacija zbog politoksikomanije te da je rast prisutan kod oba spola. Obzirom na tu pojavu, važno je da i zajednica to prepozna te kroz različite akcije, edukacije i nacionalne programe osvijesti javnosti težinu ovog problema., In today's rhythm of life, while the individual is looking between stress, obligations and dissatisfaction, it is easy to consume various addictive substances into everyday life. Since all people are different in some way, each person builds a bridge over which he will cross in the hope of improvement. Polytoxicomania is a thorny bridge, but it is not impossible to cross it. Every individual strives for acceptance from the environment and seeks support in bad and good times. When he does not see a way out of his problems, he often gives up in his efforts and tends to run away from current events. The aim of this paper is to see in a certain period the occurrence of drug addiction at the Clinic for Psychiatry Clinical Hospital Rijeka depending on gender. According to pre-determined settings from the archives of the Clinic for Psychiatry CH Rijeka, the research was conducted. The obtained results showed that males enjoy different addictive substances more than females, that younger people are more prone to polytoxicomania and that the number of hospitalizations increased during the period covered by the study. The above results show that the upward trend is hospitalization due to polytoxicomania and that growth is present in both sexes. Given this phenomenon, it is important that the community recognizes it and through various actions, education and national programs to raise public awareness of the severity of this problem.

Roditeljstvo je samo po sebi stresan zadatak. Većina roditelja ima uobičajena očekivanja da im je dijete zdravo stoga kada se suoče s izazovom roditeljstva djeteta s teškoćama u razvoju razumljivo je očekivati da će to imati utjecaj na sve aspekte njihovog života, kao i samu kvalitetu. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kvalitetu života, suočavanje sa stresom i komponente otpornosti u obitelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju. Ispitanici i metode: ispitana je grupa od 40 roditelja koji imaju djecu s teškoćama u razvoju. U kontrolnu skupinu uključeno je 40 roditelja koji imaju djecu s tipičnim razvojem. Koristili su se: Upitnik o socio demografskim podacima, Upitnik kvalitete života, Upitnik za procjenu otpornosti obitelji i Upitnik kognitivne emocionalne regulacije. Rezultati: nije pronađena razlika između varijabli dobi i spola djeteta, obrazovanja i bračnog statusa sudionika. Dob i broj djece sudionika je u obje skupine bez statistički značajne razlike, ali je pronađena razlika u zaposlenju roditelja djece s tipičnim razvojem naspram roditelja djece s teškoćama u razvoju koji imaju veću nezaposlenost. Roditelji djece s tipičnim razvojem procjenjuju svoje fizičko i psihičko stanje boljim, kao i društvenu interakciju i okolinu te bolju otpornost obitelji. Zaključak: Može se zaključiti da roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju procjenjuju kvalitetu života, kognitivno emocionalnu regulaciju te otpornost obitelji smanjenom u odnosu na roditelje djece s tipičnim razvojem., Parenting is by itself a stressful task. Most parents have common expectations that their child is healthy therefore when faced with the challenge of parenting of a child with developmental difficulties is understandable to expect that it will have an impact on all aspects of their life as well as quality itself. The main objective of this study was to examine quality of life, coping with stress, and resilience components in families of children with disabilities. Subjects and methods: a group of 40 parents who have children with disabilities was examined. As a control group, 40 parents who have children with typical development were also examined. The following were questionnaires used: Socio-demographic data questionnaire, Quality of life questionnaire, Family resilience questionnaire and Cognitive emotional regulation questionnaire.. Results: The results showed that there was no difference in the age and sex of the child. Also, no statistically significant differences were found in the examination of education and marital status. The age of the parents and the number of children in both groups were not statistically significant, but a difference was found in the employment of parents where there was higher unemployment among the parents of children with disabilities. Parents of children with typical development assess their physical and mental condition better, as well as social interaction and the environment and better family resilience.. Conclusion: It can be concluded that parents of children with disabilities assess quality of life, resilience and cognitive-emotional regulation at lower point than parents of children with typical development.

UVOD: Postpartalno razdoblje obuhvaća period od završetka četvrtoga porođajnog doba do svega šest tjedana nakon poroda dok se tijelo i organizam žene ne vrate u stanje kakvo je bilo prije same trudnoće. Postpartalno doba još se naziva i puerperijem ili babinjama. Tijekom ovog razdoblja moguća je pojava različitih psihičkih poremećaja. Razlog tome je što žena odnosno majka prolazi kroz buran period psihičkih i fizičkih te hormonskih promjena. Psihički poremećaji koji se mogu javiti tijekom postpartalnoga perioda su postpartalna tuga, depresija, psihoza te postpartalni anksiozni poremećaj (1,2,3,4). CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Istražiti i obraditi koliko studenata sestrinstva Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci uopće razumije pojam postpartalnog razdoblja, utvrditi koliko studenata je upoznato sa psihičkim poremećajima postpartalnoga razdoblja te istražiti koliko od toga broja ih se je susrelo sa nekim od poremećaja. Istražiti koliko studenata smatra da je svaka promjena raspoloženja tijekom postpartalnoga perioda patološka i koliko ih smatra da se baby blues može pojaviti i kod žena i kod muškaraca te pitanja poput, da li duljina dojenja može utjecati na pojavnost postporođajne depresije i može li porod carskim rezom povećati rizik od postpartalne tuge. MATERIJAL I METODE: Skupina koja je sudjelovala u istraživanju sačinjena je od ispitanika redovnoga i izvanrednoga preddiplomskog stručnog studija sestrinstva, na Fakultetu zdravstvenih studija u Rijeci. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno devedeset ispitanika. Podatci korišteni pri kreiranju završnoga rada prikupljeni su online, anonimnim upitnikom putem platforme „Google Forms“ sastavljenim od četiri skupine pitanja. Statistička obrada pojedinih odgovora izvršena je pomoću vlastitoga računala te programa „Microsoft Excel-a“ i „Microsoft Word-a“. REZULTATI: Svi ispitanici, 90 (100%), odgovorili su da je postpartalno razdoblje razdoblje babinja, 88% ispitanika nekada je čulo za postpartalne psihičke poremećaje, a samo 30% njih se je i susrelo sa nekim od poremećaja. 6% ispitanika slaže se da je svaka promjena raspoloženja patološka, 57% ispitanika smatra da se baby blues može javiti i kod žena i kod muškaraca, zatim 38% ispitanika smatra da duljina dojenja utječe na pojavu postpartalne depresije te 33% smatra da porod carskim rezom može povećati rizik od postpartalne tuge. ZAKLJUČAK: Na temelju ovoga istraživanja iz dobivenih rezultata može se uočiti kako svi studenti razumiju sami pojam postpartalnoga razdoblja te znaju ponešto i o pojedinim poremećajima. No primjetno je kako je svima potrebno još edukacije o ovoj vrsti poremećaja te možda ne tako lijepom dijelu postpartalnoga razdoblja., INTRODUCTION: The postpartum period covers the period from the end of the fourth childbirth period to only six weeks after childbirth until the woman's body and organism return to the state they were in before the pregnancy. The postpartum period is also called puerperium or midwifery. During this period, various mental disorders may occur. The reason for this is that a woman or mother goes through a turbulent period of mental and physical and hormonal changes. Mental disorders that can occur during the postpartum period are postpartum sadness, depression, psychosis and postpartum anxiety disorder (1,2,3,4). RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Research and process how many nursing students of the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka understand the concept of the postpartum period, determine how many students are familiar with mental disorders of the postpartum period and investigate how many of them have encountered some of the disorders. Investigate how many students find that any mood swings during the postpartum period are pathological and how many believe that baby blues can occur in both women and men, and questions such as whether breastfeeding length can affect the incidence of postpartum depression and whether cesarean delivery can increase risk from postpartum grief. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The group that participated in the research consisted of respondents from full-time and part-time undergraduate professional study of nursing, at the Faculty of Health Studies in Rijeka. A total of ninety respondents participated in the study. The data used in creating the final paper were collected online, through an anonymous questionnaire via the „Google Forms“ platform composed of four groups of questions. Statistical processing of individual answers was performed using a personal computer and the program „Microsoft Excel“ and „Microsoft Word“. RESULTS: All respondents, 90 (100%), answered that the postpartum period is a period of midwifery, 88% of respondents have ever heard of postpartum mental disorders, and only 30% of them have encountered some of the disorders. 6% of respondents agree that any change in mood is pathological, 57% of respondents believe that baby blues can occur in both women and men, then 38% of respondents believe that the length of breastfeeding affects the occurrence of postpartum depression and 33% believe that cesarean delivery may increase the risk of postpartum grief. CONCLUSION: Based on this research, the results show that all students understand the concept of the postpartum period and know something about certain disorders. But it is noticeable that everyone needs more education about this type of disorder and perhaps not such a nice part of the postpartum period.

UVOD: Suicidalna ponašanja su sve ponašanja kojima je zajedničko ugrožavanje života. Suicid spada u česte uzroke smrti kod odraslih ljudi, osobito nakon 50-ih godina života. U Hrvatskoj 2019. godine bilo je 582 slučaja suicida, odnosno 14,3/100000 stanovnika. Suicidalna ponašanja su višestruko uvjetovana ali stres vodi glavnu ulogu u kombinaciji sa drugim psihičkim bolestima, uz to je bitan i čimbenik osobnost bolesnika. Važno je znati da suicid nije trenutna reakcija, suicid je zapravo proces koji se odvija duže vrijeme te može trajati godinama. Promjene u ponašanju prvo uočavaju najbliže osobe sa suicidalnim bolesnikom, zato je važna brza intervencija i profesionalna pomoć kako bi se tragični čin spriječio. Prevencija suicida se provodi edukacijama, povećanjem svijesti društva, liječenje i praćenje psihičkih bolesti,...nekada svim gore navedenim mjerama suicid nije moguće spriječiti. CILJ ISTRAŽIVANJA: Istražiti koliko studenata je imalo suicidalne misli, planove ili pokušaje. Istražiti i utvrditi imaju li studenti dovoljno informacija o suicidu i suicidalnom ponašanju, jesu li spremni pružiti pomoć takvoj osobi, te njihov stav o stigmatizaciji suicidalnim osoba u našem društvu. MATERIJALI I METODE: Skupina nad kojim je provedeno istraživanje sačinjena je od prve, druge i treće godine redovnog i izvanrednog preddiplomskog studija Fakulteta zdravstvenih studija Sveučilišta u Rijeci. Istraživanju je pristupio sto jedan ispitanik. Za prikupljanje podataka korišten je anonimni anketni upitnik sačinjen od tri dijela pitanje izrađen od autorice ovoga rada. Statistička obrada prikupljenih podataka napravljena je pomoću osobnog računala, a prikupljeni podatci opisani su frekvencijom učestalosti i postotnim udjelom. REZULTATI: Analizom podataka je utvrđeno da je 14,9% ispitanika imalo suicidalne misli, planove ili pokušaje. Najveći dio ispitanika (41,6%) smatra da nema dovoljno informacija o suicidalnom ponašanju, te povezano s tim najveći broj ispitanika (46,5%) ne zna može li pomoći suicidalnoj osobi. Analizom podataka vidimo da 95% ispitanika smatra da je potrebna veća edukacija u školama. Te 58,4% ispitanika ima stav da su suicidalne osobe stigmatizirane u našem društvu. ZAKLJUČAK: Suicid je tema o kojoj se ne priča puno, a iz ovoga rada možemo zaključiti i da je informiranost studenata mala. Edukacijom cijelog stanovništva i medija se mogu prevenirati latentni ishodi suicida, te se može smanjiti stigmatizacija suicidalnih bolesnika., INTRODUCTION: Suicidal behaviors are all behaviors that are life-threatening in common. Suicide is one of the most common causes of death in adults, especially after the age of 50. In Croatia in 2019, there were 582 suicides, or 14.3 / 100,000 inhabitants. Suicidal behaviors are multifaceted, but stress plays a major role in combination with other mental illnesses, and the personality of the patient is also an important factor. It is important to know that suicide is not an immediate reaction, suicide is actually a process that takes a long time and can take years. Behavioral changes are first noticed by those closest to the suicidal patient, so prompt intervention and professional help are important to prevent the tragic act. Suicide prevention is carried out through education, raising public awareness, treatment and monitoring of mental illness, sometimes suicide cannot be prevented by all the above measures. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: To investigate how many students had suicidal thoughts, plans, or attempts. Investigate and determine whether students have sufficient information about suicide and suicidal behavior, whether they are willing to help such a person, and their attitude towards stigmatizing suicidal people in our society. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research group consisted of the first, second and third year of full-time and part-time undergraduate studies at the Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka. One hundred and one respondents joined the research. An anonymous survey questionnaire consisting of a three-part questionnaire developed by the author of this paper was used to collect the data. Statistical processing of the collected data was done using a personal computer, and the collected data were described by frequency and percentage. RESULTS: Data analysis showed that 14.9% of respondents had suicidal thoughts, plans or attempts. The majority of respondents (41.6%) believe that there is not enough information about suicidal behavior, and related to this the largest number of respondents (46.5%) do not know if they can help a suicidal person. By analyzing the data, we see that 95% of respondents believe that more education is needed in schools. These 58.4% of respondents are of the opinion that suicidal people are stigmatized in our society. CONCLUSION: Suicide is a topic that is not talked about much, and from this paper we can conclude that students are poorly informed. Education of the entire population and the media can prevent latent suicide outcomes and reduce the stigma of suicidal patients.

Ovisnost o alkoholu i psihoaktivnim tvarima djeluje razarajuće na čovjekove kognitivne, fizičke i socijalne sposobnosti. Konzumiranje alkohola i droga započinje iz različitih razloga. Slijedom učestale upotrebe istih može se razviti ovisnost. Ovisnost karakteriziraju promjene u ponašanju, gubitak socijalnog kontakta i psihofizičko propadanje osobe. Ovi čimbenici ujedno su i rizični čimbenici i rezultiraju pogoršanjem kvalitete života. Loša kvaliteta života jedan je od glavnih pokretača za liječenje i apstinenciju. Cilj ovoga istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike u ponašanju i funkcioniranju između ovisnika o alkoholu i ovisnika o psihoaktivnim tvarima te utvrditi razlike u percepciji kvalitete života. Istraživanje je provedeno na Klinici za psihijatriju Kliničkog bolničkog centra Rijeka. Rezultati ovog istraživanja su poznate činjenice o obrascima ponašanja ovih dviju skupina ovisnika i o drugim čimbenicima koji utječu na psihosocijalno funkcioniranje ovisnika. Dobiveni rezultati potvrđuju da u kognitivnom, fizičkom i socijalnom funkcioniranju pojedinaca iz navedenih dviju skupina nema značajnih razlika, jer „zajednički nazivnik“ njihovog problema je loša kvaliteta života koja može biti i okidač i rezultat ovisničkog ponašanja., Any addiction, whether alcohol or psychoactive substances has a devastating effect on a person's cognitive, physical and social abilities. The beginnings of alcohol and drug consumption occur for various reasons and as a result of the frequent use, addiction is created which is characterized by a changeing behavior, loss of social contact and psychophysical deterioration of the person. There is factors lead to poor quality of life which is one of the main drivers of abstinence and treatment whose consistency ultimately results in a better quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine that there are no differences in behavior and functioning between alcoholics and psychoactive substance addicts and that quality of life and psychosocial functioning are equally poor in alcoholics and psychoactive substance addicts. There search was conducted at the Clinic for Psychiatry of the Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka in an outpatient program that includes daily therapy of alcoholism and other addictions, the Club of Treated Alcoholics (KLA) at the Clinic for Psychiatryan and out patient clinic for alcoholism and other addictions. Through the collected data of this research, known facts about the patterns of behavior of the groups of addicts as well as knowledge about other factors that affect the psychosocial functioning of addicts it is concluded that in cognitive, physical and social functioning of individuals from these two groups there are no significant differences. The “common denominator” of their problem is poor quality of life which can be both a trigger and a result of addictive behavior.

Ovisnost o alkoholu je kronična recidivirajuća bolest. Karakteriziraju ju: snažna želja za uporabom alkohola, oslabljena sposobnost kontrole nad konzumacijom, zaokupljenost aktivnostima povezanih s uporabom alkohola, razvoj tolerancije ka istim količinama alkohola te ustezanje prilikom odsustva uporabe alkohola. Rizični čimbenici za razvoj ovisnosti o alkoholu su: okolišni, genetski te psihosocijalni. Ukoliko se ovisnost razvije, potrebno je bolesnika čim prije uključiti u dnevno bolničke programe. Pri tome je nužno uključivanje obitelji u proces liječenja te edukacija članova obitelji i ovisnika vezano za bolest i liječenje. Većina ovisnika o alkoholu ima psihijatrijski komorbiditet. Najčešće se radi o: poremećajima uporabe drugih psihoaktivnih supstanci, anksioznim poremećajima, poremećajima raspoloženja te poremećajima osobnosti. Kada govorimo o poremećajima uporabe drugih psihoaktivnih supstanci, uporaba alkohola najčešće prethodi uporabi supstanci sa sve jačim psihoaktivnim djelovanjem. Budući da alkohol djeluje na sve organske sustave, tjelesni komorbiditeti, a posebice bolesti gastrointestinalnog sustava nisu rijetkost. Jetra je organ koji se najviše oštećuje uporabom alkohola, a dugogodišnjom konzumacijom može se razviti ciroza jetre i hepatocelularni karcinom . Nadalje, povećan je rizik za razvoj karcinoma u čitavoj probavnoj cijevi, ali i pankreasu, dojci i larinksu. Dugotrajna ovisnost o alkoholu dovodi do Wernicke-Korsakovljevog sindroma, centralne pontine mijelinolize i drugih poremećaja. Budući da je bolest izrazito invalidizirajuća, potrebno je spriječiti njezin nastanak. Mjerama primarne prevencije na svim razinama, naročito usmjerenim na djecu, adolescente i mlade, sprječavamo razvoj ovisnosti kao bolesti, a time održavamo i poboljšavamo zdravlje populacije., Alcohol dependence is a chronic relapsing disease. It is characterized by a strong desire to use alcohol, a weakened ability to control consumption; preoccupation with activities related to alcohol use, development of tolerance to the same amounts of alcohol and withdrawal symptoms in the absence of alcohol use. Risk factors for the development of alcohol dependence are environmental, genetic and psychosocial. If addiction develops, the patient should be included in daily hospital programs as soon as possible. Involvement of the family in the treatment process and education of family members and addicts related to the disease and treatment is necessary. Most alcohol addicts have psychiatric comorbidity. These are most often disorders of the use of other psychoactive substances, anxiety disorders, mood disorders and personality disorders. When we talk about disorders of the use of other psychoactive substances, the use of alcohol usually precedes the use of substances with increasing psychoactive effects. Because alcohol acts on all organ systems, bodily comorbidities, especially diseases of the gastrointestinal system are not uncommon. The liver is the organ that is most damaged by the use of alcohol, and long-term consumption can lead to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, there is an increased risk for the development of cancer in the entire digestive tract, but also in the pancreas, breast and larynx. Long-term alcohol dependence leads to Wernicke-Korsakov syndrome, central pontine myelinolysis, and other disorders. Since the disease is extremely disabling, it is necessary to prevent its occurrence. Primary prevention measures at all levels, especially aimed at children, adolescents and young people, prevent the development of addiction as a disease, and thus maintain and improve the health of the population.

Alkoholizam se odnosi na svaku konzumaciju alkohola koja negativno utječe na psihičko i fizičko zdravlje pojedinca. Kronična je i recidivirajuća bolest, sve češća u mlađoj populaciji. Poznati komorbiditet alkoholu je depresija. Depresija je sekundarno stanje, odnosno posljedica alkoholizma. Zlouporaba alkohola je povezana s težom kliničkom slike depresije. Cilj rada je ispitati učestalost depresije kao komorbiditeta u osoba koje se liječe radi ovisnosti o alkoholu, te ispitati odnos komorbiditeta i sociodemografskih obilježja (spol, dob, obrazovanje) i korištenih mjera liječenja (broj hospitalizacija, dnevno bolničkih tretmana, ambulantnih pregleda). Ispitanici i metode: u istraživanju je sudjelovalo 481 ispitanika, bolesnici hospitalizirani na Klinici za psihijatriju KBC Rijeka. Metoda istraživanja je retrospektivna. Prikupljeni podaci su uključivali dob, spol, radni status, komorbidne psihijatrijske dijagnoze, učestalost hospitalizacija i ambulantnih pregleda. Analiza podataka napravljena je za 445 osoba s nekom od dijagnoza iz spektra alkoholizma, u rasponu od F10.0 do F10.7. Raspon dobi ispitanika je između 23 i 83 godine, a prosječna dob ispitanika je 54,6 godina. Rezultati: Bolničko liječenje prisutno je kod 34,3% muškaraca i 40% žena. Prisustvo bolničkog liječenja ne razlikuje se statistički značajno s obzirom na spol (2= 0,919, p=0,338). Svaka druga žena (51,2%) ima barem jedan dolazak u dnevno-bolnički program u odnosu na svakog trećeg muškarca (35%) (2= 7,365, p=0,007). Žene imaju statistički značajno veći broj dolazaka u dnevno-bolničke programe u odnosu na muškarce (1887,5, p=0,008). Najučestalija dijagnoza je dijagnoza srednje teške depresivne epizode koja je prisutna kod 41,8% bolesnika. Slijedi ju dijagnoza srednje teške epizode povratnog depresivnog poremećaja koja je prisutna kod 34,5% bolesnika, te blaga depresivna epizoda kod 9,2% bolesnika. Zaključak: na temelju dobivenih rezultata se može zaključiti da je depresija kao komorbiditet alkoholizmu češća kod žena nego kod muškaraca. Ispitanici koji imaju depresiju u komorbiditetu s alkoholizmom ne razlikuju se prema dobi, te obrazovnom i radnom statusu u odnosu na ispitanike bez depresije u komorbiditetu. Žene s dijagnozom depresivnog poremećaja imaju zabilježeno više dolazaka u dnevno – bolničke programe u odnosu na muškarce, Alcoholism refers to any consumption of alcohol that adversely affects the mental and physical health of an individual. It is a chronic and recurrent disease, increasingly common in the younger population. A known comorbidity of alcohol is depression. Depression is a secondary condition, or a consequence of alcoholism. Alcohol abuse is associated with a more severe clinical picture of depression. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence of depression as a comorbidity in persons treated for alcohol dependence, and to examine the relationship between comorbidity and sociodemographic characteristics (gender, age, education) and treatment measures used (number of hospitalizations, daily hospitalizations, outpatient examinations). Subjects and methods: 481 subjects participated in the study, patients hospitalized at the Clinic for Psychiatry, University Hospital Center Rijeka. The research method is retrospective. Data collected included age, gender, employment status, comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, frequency of hospitalizations, and outpatient examinations. Data analysis was performed for 445 individuals with any of the diagnoses from the alcoholism spectrum, ranging from F10.0 to F10.7. The age range of the respondents is between 23 and 83 years, and the average age of the respondents is 54.6 years. The results: Hospital treatment is present in 34.3% of men and 40% of women. The presence of hospital treatment did not differ statistically significantly with respect to gender (2 = 0.919, p = 0.338). Every second woman (51.2%) has at least one visit to the day-hospital program compared to every third man (35%) (2 = 7.365, p = 0.007). Women have a statistically significantly higher number of arrivals in day-hospital programs compared to men (1887.5, p = 0.008). The most common diagnosis is the diagnosis of moderate depressive episode, which is present in 41.8% patients. It is followed by a diagnosis of moderate episode of recurrent depression which is present in 34.5% patients, and mild depressive episode in 9.2% patients. Conclusion: based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that depression as a comorbidity to alcoholism is more common in women than in men. Subjects who have depression in comorbidity with alcoholism do not differ according to age, and educational and work status compared to subjects without depression in comorbidity. Women diagnosed with depressive disorder have more visits to day-hospital programs than men.