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A 28-day feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the performance characteristics and hematobiochemical parameters of weaner pigs fed graded levels of Carica papaya seed and leaf meal supplementation. A total of 36 cross-bred (Large white x Landrace) strains of weaner pigs of average initial weight of 8.86±0.10 kg were used for the study. Four treatment diets designated T1, T2, T3 and T4 replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design (CRD) were formulated to include the Carica papaya leaf and seed meal at 0, 1, 2 and 3% levels, respectively. Data were collected on daily feed intake (DFI), daily weight gain (DWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), cost benefit analysis, hematological indices and serum biochemistry. The body weight gain of the weaner pigs was highest in T4 (3%) Carica papaya seed and leaf meal mix (CSLM) supplementation with the value of 353 g while the least value of 228 g was recorded by T2 which significantly differed (P<0.05) from the control group. Hemato-biochemical parameters showed significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments, indicating positive influence of CSLM on the investigated parameters. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, alkaline phosphate, alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase concentration increased as the dietary levels of CLSM increased in the diets. Based on the above findings, it is recommended that CLSM can be included at a level of 3% for optimum performance, hematobiochemical stability and profit maximization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of Melia azedarach seed-mediated ZnO nanoparticles on growth performance, protein utilisation efficiency, haematology and nutritional status in pigs. A total of 48 pigs were allocated to the following six treatments replicated 8 times: Negative Control (NC, No antibiotic), Treatment 2: Positive control (PC) given a conventional antibiotic (Oxytetracycline, 40 mg/kg feed); Treatment 3: Nano-ZnO 300 mg/L (N300ZnO), Treatment 4: Group given 150 mg/L Melia azedarach seed mediated nano-ZnO (N150MA), Treatment 5: Group given 300 mg/L Melia azedarach seed mediated nano-ZnO (N300MA), Treatment 6: Group given 450 mg/L Melia azedarach seed mediated nano-ZnO (N450MA). The experiment was conducted over 7 weeks. Melia azedarach seed-mediated ZnO nanoparticles had no significant effect on growth performance apart from average daily feed intake (ADFI) with treatment 3 having the highest value. It significantly affected protein consumption and growth efficiency but not protein efficiency ratio and specific growth rate. Melia azedarach seed-mediated ZnO nanoparticles had no significant impact on nutritional parameters, serum minerals apart from phosphorus which can negatively affect renal functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the effect of Vachellia erioloba leaf meal in diets containing ammoniated maize stove on growth performance, methane emission and heath of growing lambs. Thirty-two female lambs were allocated to the following four dietary treatments: total mixed ration (TMR, control), 20% inclusion of untreated maize stover (UMS), 20% inclusion of ammoniated maize stover (AMS), and combined inclusion of 10% ammoniated maize stover and 10% Vachellia erioloba leaves (AMSVL). Each treatment was replicated 8 times and a lamb in an individual pen was regarded as an experimental unit in a completely randomized design. Feed intake was higher (P < 0.05) in lambs fed the AMS and AMSVL diets compared to those fed UMS. Final body weights were higher in lambs fed the AMS and AMSVL diets. Both average daily gain (ADG) and feed convention ratio (FCR) were not affected by diet. In comparison with the AMS and AMSVL diets, the lambs fed the UMS diet had the highest (P < 0.05) methane emission. Overall, lambs fed the control diets had the lowest (P < 0.05) methane gas emission. Blood hematological values were affected by diet with the AMSVL fed lambs having the highest (P < 0.05) mean platelet volume (MPV) and procalcitonin (PCT) values. Furthermore, total albumin, amylase and total bilirubin were the highest (P < 0.05) in lambs fed on the AMSVL diet. Lambs fed on AMS diet had the highest (P < 0.05) serum urea levels. It can be concluded that combined inclusion of ammoniated maize stover and Vachellia leaves improved feed value and lamb performance when compared to the individual inclusion of both UMS and AMS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a sinister complication encountered in patients with haematological disorders. When occurring in the central nervous system (CNS), IFDs can have catastrophic outcomes. Objectives: To study the clinical presentation, predisposing etiological factors, and prognosis of a CNS‐IFD in a patient with a haematological disorder. Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study focusing on the clinical profile, diagnosis, treatment strategy and outcomes of 43 patients with an underlying haematological disorder, who were diagnosed with CNS‐IFD between 2018 and 2022. Results: Of the 43 patients, 18 were chemotherapy recipients, while 23 were stem cell transplant (SCT) recipients and 2 presented with CNS‐IFD at diagnosis. AML/MDS (37.2%) and ALL (18.6%) were the predominant underlying diagnoses. A sudden deterioration in sensorium (53.5%) was the earliest clinical sign, while T2 hyperintensities (26.8%), vascular involvement (26.8%) and ring‐enhancing lesions (16.3%) were the commonest radiological findings, with all patients exhibiting diffusion restriction in diffusion‐weighted images. Microbiological evidence of infection was obtained in all patients; however, culture positivity was established in only 25 patients. Rhizopus spp (23.2%) and Aspergillus spp (20.9%) were implicated in most cases. Overall survival of the cohort was 27.9% at a median follow‐up of 6 months. In patients who succumbed, the median time to death was 4 days (0–46). Conclusion: CNS‐IFD is associated with very poor survival in patients undergoing chemotherapy or an SCT, urging the need for prompt diagnosis and initiation of suitable antifungal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trypanosomosis is a serious constraint to livestock productivity in sub-Saharan Africa. Chemotherapy which is the main means of control is unsatisfactory because of drug resistance and toxicity. Thus, the search for alternative antitrypanosomal agents has become imperative. The study was aimed at evaluating the effects of astaxanthin alone or in combination with diminazene aceturate (DZ) on parasitaemia and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei–infected Wistar rats. Eighty Wistar rats were divided into eight groups of ten rats each and treated as follows: I, DW (uninfected and treated with distilled water); II, S/OIL (uninfected and treated with soya oil); III, T (infected with 106 trypanosomes/mL); IV, PreA [pretreated with astaxanthin (100 mg/kg)] + T; V, PreA + T + DZ (3.5 mg/kg); VI, T + A (astaxanthin); VII, T + A + DZ; VIII, T + DZ. Parasitaemia was monitored daily, and blood was collected for evaluation of haematological parameters at the end of the experiment. Parasitaemia increased progressively in the T, PreA + T and T + A groups till the termination of the experiment, but was lower (P < 0.05) in the PreA group alone, compared to the T and T + A groups at days 6 and 8. There was a resurgence of parasitaemia in 10% of rats in the T + A + DZ group at day 7 post-treatment. The red blood cell counts, PCV and haemoglobin concentration were higher (P < 0.05), but lower neutrophil and total leucocyte counts (P < 0.05) in PreA and/or DZ groups compared to the T and T + A groups. Rats in the T and T + A groups had higher (P < 0.05) erythrocytic indices. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin and/or diminazene aceturate was more effective than post-treatment in decreasing parasitaemia and ameliorating the anaemia caused by T. brucei brucei infection in Wistar rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haematological investigation is an important component of stress and immune response assessment and holds great potential for evaluating amphibian welfare. The olm (Proteus anguinus) is a neotenic, cave-dwelling salamander endemic to the Dinaric Karst and classified as a vulnerable species by the IUCN. The aim of the present study was to gain basic knowledge about the haematology of this endangered species and to establish reference values of leucocyte differential counts. Blood smears were obtained from recently captured animals and compared to smears from the same animals in long-term captivity (up to five years). The elongated erythrocytes are nucleated and are among the largest in vertebrates, which is also reflected in their lower concentration per millilitre of blood. The circulating blood can contain mitotically active, immature erythrocytes (erythroblasts), indicating that erythrocytes of the olm can undergo proliferation and maturation in circulating blood. Olms show a typical urodele leucocyte profile, with lymphocytes predominating, followed by neutrophils, although the proportion of lymphocytes is higher than in other urodeles. Eosinophil and monocyte counts were relatively low, while basophils were nearly absent. We found no statistically significant differences in leucocyte counts or in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio neither between recently captured olms and same animals during captivity nor between the sexes, except for lower neutrophil count in captive females. Thus, no differences in stress levels between recently captured olms and captive olms were detected via haematological investigations. The significance of these results is discussed in the context of detecting stress and immune responses in olms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the use of [18F]‐florbetaben PET/CT imaging as a sensitive diagnostic tool for cardiac AL amyloidosis, a haematological disease characterized by amyloid insoluble fibrils deposition in various organs. The study aimed to explore the sensitivity of this imaging technique compared to traditional diagnostic methods in a cohort of 33 patients. Results showed that [18F]‐florbetaben PET/CT was effective in detecting amyloid deposits in various tissues, suggesting its potential as a non-invasive tool for diagnosing AL amyloidosis. The study highlights the importance of early detection in improving patient outcomes and suggests further research to confirm the efficacy of this imaging technique. [Extracted from the article]

While bats are important reservoirs of infectious agents, they play a unique and irreplaceable role in the ecosystem. Nevertheless, they are now threatened by a wide range of negative influences and are increasingly becoming the subject of strict protection. A collection of reference haematological and biochemical indicator ranges can significantly contribute to the assessment of both individual and population health status. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare blood parameters of two sibling species, the lesser mouse-eared bat Myotis blythii and the greater mouseeared bat Myotis myotis, to assess any differences between males and females and to establish reference intervals for blood parameters. A total of 51 bats were captured (22 × M. blythii, 29 × M. myotis). Reference ranges were established for haematocrit, haemoglobin, potassium, urea, glucose, pH, partial dissolved carbon dioxide, total dissolved carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, base excess, alanine aminotransferase, calcium, creatinine, total protein and globulin. For most parameters, there was no influence of species or sex; however, species differences were found for albumin, sodium, chloride, phosphorus and anion gap, and sex differences for total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and amylase. The data obtained will prove useful in clinical diagnostics and care of M. myotis and M. blythii in wildlife rescue centres and in research into the effects of infectious diseases, toxic substances or other negative factors affecting these bat species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the feed potential of Gliricidia sepium leaf meal (GLM) for Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Five isonitrogenous 40% crude protein diets were formulated where GLM replaced Soybean meal at 0 (control), 25, 50, 75, and 100% inclusions. Ten C. gariepinus fingerlings (6.85 ± 0.37g) were randomly stocked into each of 15 plastic aquaria with three aquaria for each diet. The fingerlings were fed twice daily at 5% of their body weight for 56 days between the hours of 8:00 -- 9:00 and 16:00 -- 17:00. Fish fed the control diet recorded highest values for the growth parameters and best values for haematological indices and there were significant variations (P ≤ 0.05) in the growth performance parameters and haematological indices between the control and other treatments. The inclusion of raw GLM in the diet of C. gariepinus fingerlings had adverse effects on the growth and haematology profile of the fish. Processing of the leaf meal is recommended for future study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluazifop-p-butyl (FPB) is an herbicide that inhibits the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase), which is active in lipid biosynthesis in plants. This study evaluates the effects of FPB on the behaviour, brain acetylcholinesterase, biochemical parameters, and hematological indices in orally exposed rats. Thirty-two (32) male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) (80 - 188 g) were randomly grouped into A to D. Group-D served as control, while animals in groups A, B, and C received FPB at 75 mg/kg, 37.5 mg/kg, and 18.75 mg/kg, respectively, for 14 days. FPB caused significant changes in behaviour, acetylcholinesterase, some biochemical parameters, and some hematological indices at p < 0.05. When compared to the control group, the treatment group exhibited a generally torpid state, a lower reactivity to touch, and decreased food consumption. These responses abated during the 7 days of withdrawal. It was found that the white blood cell (WBC) total count decreased in treatment groups compared to control. This decrease was duration- and dose -dependent even after the 7 days of withdrawal. Neutrophil count followed the pattern of WBC total count, while lymphocyte count increased significantly. Urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase significantly increased (p < 0.05), while total protein and glucose significantly decreased following the administration of FPB. Hepatosomatic indices were not affected in the FPB-treated groups. Overall, the results suggest that FPB modulates the behaviour, acetylcholinesterase, and haematological and biochemical parameters in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Microplastics (MPs), whether originating from primary or secondary means, have emerged as a significant global issue nowadays. Aims: The current research was designed to assess the toxicological consequences of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) on the growth, digestibility, body composition, haematology and histopathology of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Methods: In this study, six test diets with different MP concentrations were used, including a control group (0% MPs) and groups with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5% MPs in sunflower meal-based diets. For a 90-day duration, 270 fingerlings (6.54 ± 0.02 g fish−1) were placed in triplicate groups in tanks, with each tank consisting of 15 fingerlings, feeding at a rate equivalent to 5% of their live wet bodyweight. Key results: The findings revealed a negative correlation between MP concentration and fingerlings performance, encompassing growth, digestibility, body composition, histopathology and hematology. Conclusions: The results indicate that 2.5% MPs inclusion in C. mrigala adversely affects growth, digestibility, body composition, histopathology and hematology. Implications: This research highlights the harmful effects of PS-MPs on C. mrigala fingerlings, emphasising urgent global action to address and mitigate aquatic ecosystem threats. Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a significant global issue. The current study was conducted to evaluate toxicological consequences of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) that alter growth, carcass, nutrient digestibility, haematology and histopathology of Cirrhinus mrigala fish. After 90 days of trial, findings showed a negative corelation between MPs concentration and all parameters. (Image credit: Syed Makhdoom Hussain.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 74-year-old male patient presented with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and extensive haemorrhages over both thighs and back. A coagulation work-up revealed markedly elevated Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Reduced functional values of fibrinogen as determined by clot-based assay (126.4 mg/dL), as well as factor V (17.5%) and factor X (27.8%), were noted. These abnormalities were corrected by mixing studies with normal plasma. Neoplastic plasma cells were seen in the bone marrow biopsy, while abdominal fat biopsies showed no amyloid deposition. Serum electrophoresis and immunofixation were positive for monoclonal gammopathy. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma complicated by multiple acquired factor deficiencies. The patient showed a complete response within six months of treatment, which included bortezomib and cyclophosphamide. Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells that results in increased production of free immunoglobulin light chains, resulting in increased paraproteins. These paraproteins bind with and inhibit various clotting factors, resulting in their inactivation and depletion. Factor X deficiency in these cases is usually attributed to concomitant amyloidosis, whose fibrils bind to Factor X. However, these deficiencies can occur in the absence of amyloidosis as well. While various reports of this entity have highlighted isolated factor deficiencies including factors V, VII, IX, and X, multiple factor deficiency is a rare occurrence, with no other cases being reported from southern India.

Long-distance sled dogs are known for their great endurance and ability to run several hundred kilometres over the course of a few days. There are several factors to consider when selecting a team of high-performing sled dogs, including their physique, body score condition, appetite, paws, and ability to adapt to unknown environments and situations. The most common breed used in sled dog racing, Alaska Huskies, are known for their great work diligence, and determined mindset. It has previously been researched how well these dogs endure such intense physical activity using observation of behavioural patterns, physical examinations, and the analysis of alterations in blood parameters. This study aimed to evaluate serum chemistry and haematology alterations in dogs before and after completing a 300 km race in Norway. Changes were observed in haematology and serum chemistry between pre- and post-race blood sampling. Significant increases were observed in the white blood cell count, haemoglobin in blood and creatine phosphokine activity in serum (CK), and significant decreases were seen in the electrolytes (e.g., chlorides, potassium), cholesterol levels, liver (e.g., alkaline phosphatase) and pancreatic enzymes (α-amylase, lipase), and total red blood cell count. Several other parameters were measured, and resulted in insignificant changes. Our results indicated that long-distance racing, in fact, has an impact on the physiology of the dog, influencing muscular system, the gastrointestinal tract, electrolyte balance and haematopoiesis among others.

Background: The calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) is a tropical fruit that offers numerous health benefits. Its fermented form (FC) has been found to affect the neurological system positively. However, its impact on haematology, clinical chemistry, and CD4+ and CD8+ levels has yet to be documented. Aim: Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of FC on haematology, clinical chemistry, and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in the circulatory system using rat models. Methods: This study used twenty male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into group 1 (0 mg/kg BW FC), group 2 (50 mg/kg BW FC), group 3 (500 mg/kg BW FC), and group 4 (2,000 mg/kg BW FC). The treatment was administered using a gastric probe once daily for 14 days. On day 15, the blood samples were collected and tested against haematology, clinical chemistry, quality of the erythrocytes, and CD4+/CD8+. The data was then analysed using SPSS with p-value at 0.05. Results: The conducted study demonstrated that the utilisation of FC at varying doses did not have a significant impact on the haematological profile changes (p≥0.05), except for total lymphocytes and a decrease in the neutrophils/lymphocytes (N/L) ratio (p≤0.05). Furthermore, FC did not influence the changes in clinical chemistry, circulatory protein, and electrolyte levels in rat models compared to the control (p≥0.05). The utilisation of FC decreased the percentage of haemolysis and elevated the ATP concentration (p≤0.05). Additionally, the use of FC led to a significant increase in CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (p≤0.05), while no significant effect was observed regarding CD8+ (p≥0.05). Conclusion: The study highlighted FC's beneficial effects on the haemorheology and immune system, specifically on the decrease in the percentage of haemolysis, elevated ATP concentration, number of lymphocytes, ratio N/L, CD4+, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, without causing significant changes to the haematological and clinical chemistry profiles in rat models. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2475-2483]

Raptors (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) are important for ecological niches as bioindicators and an apex predator; however, their global populations have continuously decreased due to human activities, habitat loss and contagious diseases. Avian malaria that may cause the negative impact on raptors’ health may also contribute to the declining of raptor populations. This study reported malaria’s molecular prevalence and genetic diversity in wild-caught and rehabilitated raptors in the Kasetsart University Raptor Rehabilitation Unit. In total, 109 raptors from 18 provinces of Thailand were classified into two groups, which included 78 diurnal raptors (DIRs) in Accipitriformes and 31 nocturnal raptors (NORs) in Strigiformes. Each ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) blood sample (0.5–1 mL) was tested through haematological analyses and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection to assess parasites’ health impacts. Amplicons of PCR positive samples were analysed for a nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic relationships. The overall prevalence of avian malaria was low at 3.67% (4/109) (95% CI: 1.44–9.06%), with a prevalence of 3.86% (3/78) (95% CI: 1.32–10.70%) in DIRs and 3.23% (1/31) (95% CI: 1.32–10.70%) in NORs. Most of the infected samples were from southern Thailand. This suggested that the raptors in humid habitats are more vulnerable to the malarial infection, which was likely associated with vector and parasite abundance. Clinical appearances and haematological examinations demonstrated that raptors could tolerate the infection and only became asymptomatic and subclinically infected. This study is the first report of the infection of avian malaria in Cinerous Vulture, Himalayan Vulture and Barred Eagle Owl in Thailand, providing baseline information in preparedness for the disease diagnostic and further study of avian malaria in some endangered raptor species.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption is widespread, contributing to approximately 3 million deaths worldwide. This study aimed to assess haematological indices among alcohol consumers compared to non-consumers in the University of Calabar Community, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This case-control study enrolled 100 subjects (50 alcohol consumers and 50 non-consumers) from the University of Calabar community. Blood samples were collected aseptically for Full Blood Count and Thrombin Time analysis. Rigorous study design, meticulous data collection, and thorough analysis ensured the reliability of our findings. Results: The mean corpuscular volume (MCV)(76.21±7.35 fl), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH)(25.31±3.26 pg), Platelet (PLT)(154.38±54.89 x 109) and Platelet Crit (PCT)(0.14±0.04%) of alcohol consumers were significantly lower than that of the controls respectively (79.36±5.76 fl, 26.47± 2.15 pg, 187.22± 58.34 x 109and 0.17±0.04%)(p0.05) between the two groups of subjects studied. A significant negative correlation (r=0.801, p=0.001) was observed between Thrombin time and Plateletcrit in the test subjects. In contrast, a significant positive correlation (r=0.698, p=0.001) was observed between Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration and Haemoglobin in alcohol consumption. A significant negative correlation (r=0.973, p=0.001) was observed between lymphocytes and granulocytes in percentage in the test subjects. These significant findings provide valuable insights into the haematological variations associated with alcohol consumption. Conclusion: These significant differences observed in this study underscore the impact of alcohol consumption on haematological indices. The study concluded that derangements in some hematological parameters occur in alcoholics, which can affect their quality of life.

Diabetes mellitus is a major health challenge that has harmful effects on the quality of life globally as a result of its numerous complications. This study aimed to evaluate the positive modulatory effect of Lawsonia inermis (LI) Linn on various haemobiochemical parameters and lipid profiles in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ten groups of diabetic rats (n = 5) were orally administered 50 and 100 mg/kg of three different fractions of Lawsonia inermis: metformin (500 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), whereas untreated hyperglycaemic and normoglycaemic rats received distilled water. The results showed increased red blood cells (RBC) in treated rats compared to untreated diabetic rats. Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC decreased nonsignificantly, whereas WBC increased nonsignificantly. Neutrophil increased non-significantly in diabetic, untreated rats, while all the treatment groups decreased non-significantly. Lymphocytes and monocytes increased non-significantly (p > 0.05). Most treatment groups showed a non-significant (p > 0.05) increase in the platelet count. The ALT levels decreased non-significantly (p > 0.05) compared to normoglycemic rats. The AST levels decreased significantly (p < 0.01). ALP decreased non-significantly in both treated and untreated groups, whereas bilirubin did not show any significant changes. Creatinine and urea levels in untreated diabetic rats increased non-significantly, while treatment groups decreased non-significantly. Lawsonia inermis-treated rats showed significant improvement in erythrocytic fragility, while glycated haemoglobin in untreated-diabetic and glibenclamide-treated rats increased significantly (p > 0.001). Triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein decreased non-significantly, while low-density lipoprotein increased non-significantly (p > 0.05) in diabetic untreated rats. All treatment groups showed a non-significant (P > 0.05) decrease in low-density lipoprotein. Lawsonia inermis showed a significant positive modulatory effect on the haemobiochemical changes, glycated Hb, osmotic fragility, and lipid profile in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is a rare, predominantly indolent B-cell lymphoma constituting fewer than 2% of lymphoid neoplasms. However, around 30% of patients have a shorter survival despite currently available treatments and the prognosis is especially poor for the 5–15% of cases that transform to a large cell lymphoma. Mounting evidence suggests that the molecular pathogenesis of SMZL is critically shaped by microenvironmental triggering and cell-intrinsic aberrations. Immunogenetic investigations have revealed biases in the immunoglobulin gene repertoire, indicating a role of antigen selection. Furthermore, cytogenetic studies have identified recurrent chromosomal abnormalities such as deletion of the long arm of chromosome 7, though specific disease-associated genes remain elusive. Our knowledge of SMZL’s mutational landscape, based on a limited number of cases, has identified recurring mutations in KLF2, NOTCH2, and TP53, as well as genes clustering within vital B-cell differentiation pathways. These mutations can be clustered within patient subgroups with different patterns of chromosomal lesions, immunogenetic features, transcriptional signatures, immune microenvironments, and clinical outcomes. Regarding SMZL epigenetics, initial DNA methylation profiling has unveiled epigenetically distinct patient subgroups, including one characterized by elevated expression of Polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) components. Furthermore, it has also demonstrated that patients with evidence of high historical cell division, inferred from methylation data, exhibit inferior treatment-free survival. This review provides an overview of our current understanding of SMZL’s molecular basis and its implications for patient outcomes. Additionally, it addresses existing knowledge gaps, proposes future research directions, and discusses how a comprehensive molecular understanding of the disease will lead to improved management and treatment choices for patients.

Summary Background: Anaemia occurs in both acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and nephrotic syndrome (NS). However, the influence of these two renal disorders on other haematologi cal profiles has not been widely and exhaustively studied in Nigerian children. Objectives: To determine and compare haematological changes that occur in the acute phases of AGN and NS. . Materials and Methods: The haematological profiles of all children admitted to the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital with a diagnosis of AGN or NS between 1996 and 2004 were compiled. Those excluded from the study were children with NS who had a relapse or had commenced steroid or cytotoxic therapy before admission; others excluded were those with either disease, who had received blood transfusion during the three months immediately prior to the study. Results: Twenty nine and 28 children with AGN and NS respectively, met the study criteria. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) in children with AGN was 28+5 percent, while that among children with NS was 34+6 percent. Moderate anaemia occurred in 10 (34 percent). Children with AGN compared to three (11 percent) with NS. Neutrophilia was present in 45 percent and 54 percent respectively, of children with AGN and NS. Eosinophilia occurred in three (10.3 percent) children with AGN compared to three (10.7 percent) children with NS, and lymphocytosis was present in 11(37.9 percent) children with AGN compared to 12 (42.9 percent) children with NS. Conclusion: Severe anaemia was uncommon in the two groups, while children with AGN had lower mean PCV and were more prone to developing moderate anaemia compared to children with NS. Lymphocytosis, lymphopenia and neutrophilia occurred in some children with both conditions.

A 28 days study was carried out to investigate the effects of red sorghum (RS) and white sorghum (WS) based diets, with or without tannase supplementation on the haematological, serum biochemical indices and lipid profile of finisher broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) 4 weeks old Arbor Acre broiler chicks were allotted to eight (8) dietary treatments, which consisted of 30 birds, having 3 replicates of 10 birds each. Diets were formulated to replace maize with red and white sorghum at 4 levels (0%, 100%RS, 100%WS and 50%RS:50%WS), with or without tannase enzyme to have a 4x2 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. On 28th day, blood was collected for determination of haematological, serum biochemical and lipid profile. Birds fed 100% RS diet and those fed 50RS: 50WS had the highest (P<0.05) white blood cell count (WBC), while the least WBC value was recorded for birds fed maize-based diet. Haematological indices were not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by the interaction between the sorghum type and tannase supplementation. Birds fed the maize-based diet without tannase had the highest (P<0.05) level of albumin (4.87g/dl), while birds fed 100%WS diet without tannase had the lowest value (3.33g/dl). The lipid profile of boiler chickens was not significantly (P>0.05) influenced by sorghum type, tannase supplementation and their interaction. It was concluded from the study that RS and WS, with or without tannase supplementation, can totally replace maize in the diet of finisher broilers without detrimental effect on the haematological, serumbiochemical indices and lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancytopenia is an uncommon abnormality detected on a full blood count. Features of presentation tend to be non-specific, and are due to impaired functions of the cell lines involved. These can include fatigue, infection and bleeding. However, the aetiology of pancytopenia is extensive. This narrative review aims to provide a minimally invasive diagnostic algorithm for generalist clinicians to approach pancytopenia, including investigations into the underlying aetiology, and when a referral to the haematologist is warranted for further investigations such as bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, risk factors, haematological and biochemical changes associated with haemotropic Mycoplasma infection in dogs presented to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB). A total of 70 dogs were examined; their ages, breeds and sexes were recorded. Blood samples were collected for haematological and biochemical analysis. Data was summarized as mean ± standard deviation. Association between risk factors and infection was determined using Chi Square while difference between mean values in infected and non-infected dogs was tested using student's t-test. The overall prevalence of 14 (20%) was recorded. The prevalence was slightly higher 9 (20.9%) in adult dogs, as well as in females 8 (22.2%%) and the breed Samoyed 2 (40.0%). The mean PCV in infected dogs was 33.4±7.60 while that of non-infected dogs was 35.1±9.21. There was no significant difference in the haematological values between infected and non-infected dogs. There were also no significant values in most of the biochemical parameters between infected and non-infected dogs, except for potassium which was 2.85±0.96 in infected and 3.97±0.58 in noninfected dogs; chlorine (81.93±16.82) and (98.95±11.82); glucose (87.91±25.82) and (115.33±32.21) as well as urea (21.45±10.84) and (14.83±4.01) in infected and non-infected dogs, respectively. However, in both cases, the leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes count as well as urea concentration were higher than normal values. While only potassium and chlorine concentration were lower than normal in the infected dogs, when compared to those in the reference values. In conclusion, the prevalence of Mycoplasma infection was high in the study area. Dogs are at risk of infection by Mycoplasma organisms. Mycoplasma infection did not cause haematological and biochemical changes, but haematological parameters suggested chronic diseases other than mycoplasmosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the acute haematological responses of midazolam-sedated West African Dwarf (WAD) bucks to intravenous (IV) administration of lactated Ringer's and 5% dextrose solution. Changes in white blood cells (WBC x 10-3 /µl), red blood cells (RBC x 10-6 /µl), haemoglobin (Hb g/dl), packed cell volume (PCV %), Platelet (/µl), total protein (TP g/100ml) and albumin (g/100ml) were recorded. Infusion (IV) of lactated Ringer's solution exerted a significant difference (p<0.05) on the mean value of the WBC at 90 mins intervals while 5% dextrose solution exerted a significant (p<0.05) effect at 60 mins and 90 mins, though all parameters were within the normal recommended range. Changes in RBC for both infusions were not significant (p>0.05). The concentrations of Hb obtained for both fluids were significantly lower than previously reported values. The effect of the lactated Ringer solution on PCV value recorded was significant (p<0.05) at 60 mins and above and that of 5% dextrose had no significant (p>0.05) effect until 90 mins. Lactated Ringer infusion increased the platelet value at 60 mins up to 90 mins but 5% dextrose solution continuously increased platelet value at different time intervals. Other haematological parameters measured were not significantly different (p<0.05). This study concluded that the administration of lactated Ringer solution and 5% dextrose saline to WAD bucks exerted some effects on the haematological parameters at different time intervals. This may be of clinical concern in patients with health problems. Haematological parameters must be checked before fluid therapy in goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Avian malaria, caused by Plasmodium, is considered to be a major vector-borne disease in raptors. Most infected raptors present no clinical manifestations, which are from subclinical to various morbidity. There are occasional reports of Plasmodium infected in raptors in Thailand. However, the information of parasite impact on infected raptors is limited. The objectives of this study are to investigate the prevalence in wild raptor populations by using active surveillance in several localities of Thailand and evaluate the impact of avian malaria in raptors' health. The authors found that Southern Thailand has higher prevalence of avian malaria than the other country's regions. This suggested that the raptors in Southern Thailand, which has humid environment, are more vulnerable to the malarial infection. Additionally, most tested raptors could tolerate the infection. The results from this study can be used for development of strategies for management of endangered raptor species, especially in rehabilitation institutes. Raptors (Accipitriformes, Falconiformes and Strigiformes) are important for ecological niches as bioindicators and an apex predator; however, their global populations have continuously decreased due to human activities, habitat loss and contagious diseases. Avian malaria that may cause the negative impact on raptors' health may also contribute to the declining of raptor populations. This study reported malaria's molecular prevalence and genetic diversity in wild-caught and rehabilitated raptors in the Kasetsart University Raptor Rehabilitation Unit. In total, 109 raptors from 18 provinces of Thailand were classified into two groups, which included 78 diurnal raptors (DIRs) in Accipitriformes and 31 nocturnal raptors (NORs) in Strigiformes. Each ethylenediaminetetraacetic (EDTA) blood sample (0.5–1 mL) was tested through haematological analyses and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection to assess parasites' health impacts. Amplicons of PCR positive samples were analysed for a nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic relationships. The overall prevalence of avian malaria was low at 3.67% (4/109) (95% CI: 1.44–9.06%), with a prevalence of 3.86% (3/78) (95% CI: 1.32–10.70%) in DIRs and 3.23% (1/31) (95% CI: 1.32–10.70%) in NORs. Most of the infected samples were from southern Thailand. This suggested that the raptors in humid habitats are more vulnerable to the malarial infection, which was likely associated with vector and parasite abundance. Clinical appearances and haematological examinations demonstrated that raptors could tolerate the infection and only became asymptomatic and subclinically infected. This study is the first report of the infection of avian malaria in Cinerous Vulture, Himalayan Vulture and Barred Eagle Owl in Thailand, providing baseline information in preparedness for the disease diagnostic and further study of avian malaria in some endangered raptor species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of World's Poultry Research is the property of Journal of World's Poultry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of World's Poultry Research is the property of Journal of World's Poultry Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veterinarska Stanica is the property of Croatian Veterinary Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: The calabash (Crescentia cujete L.) is a tropical fruit that offers numerous health benefits. Its fermented calabash (FC) has been found to affect the neurological system positively. However, its impact on hematology, clinical chemistry, and CD4+ and CD8+ levels has yet to be documented. Aim: Therefore, this study aims to examine the effects of FC on hematology, clinical chemistry, and the levels of CD4+ and CD8+ in the circulatory system using rat models. Methods: This study used twenty male Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into group 1 (0 mg/kg BW FC), group 2 (50 mg/kg BW FC), group 3 (500 mg/kg BW FC), and group 4 (2,000 mg/kg BW FC). The treatment was administered using a gastric probe once daily for 14 days. On day 15, the blood samples were collected and tested against hematology, clinical chemistry, quality of the erythrocytes, and CD4+/CD8+. The data were then analysed using SPSS with p-value at 0.05. Results: The conducted study demonstrated that the utilization of FC at varying doses did not have a significant impact on the hematological profile changes (p = 0.05), except for total lymphocytes and a decrease in the neutrophils/lymphocytes (N/L) ratio (p = 0.05). Furthermore, FC did not influence the changes in clinical chemistry, circulatory protein, and electrolyte levels in rat models compared to the control (p = 0.05). The utilization of FC decreased the percentage of hemolysis and elevated the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration (p = 0.05). Additionally, the use of FC led to a significant increase in CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (p = 0.05), while no significant effect was observed regarding CD8+ (p = 0.05). Conclusion: The study highlighted FC's beneficial effects on the haemorheology and immune system, specifically on the decrease in the percentage of hemolysis, elevated ATP concentration, number of lymphocytes, ratio N/L, CD4+, and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio, without causing significant changes to the hematological and clinical chemistry profiles in rat models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 74-year-old male patient presented with anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and extensive haemorrhages over both thighs and back. A coagulation work-up revealed markedly elevated Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Reduced functional values of fibrinogen as determined by clot-based assay (126.4 mg/dL), as well as factor V (17.5%) and factor X (27.8%), were noted. These abnormalities were corrected by mixing studies with normal plasma. Neoplastic plasma cells were seen in the bone marrow biopsy, while abdominal fat biopsies showed no amyloid deposition. Serum electrophoresis and immunofixation were positive for monoclonal gammopathy. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma complicated by multiple acquired factor deficiencies. The patient showed a complete response within six months of treatment, which included bortezomib and cyclophosphamide. Multiple myeloma is a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells that results in increased production of free immunoglobulin light chains, resulting in increased paraproteins. These paraproteins bind with and inhibit various clotting factors, resulting in their inactivation and depletion. Factor X deficiency in these cases is usually attributed to concomitant amyloidosis, whose fibrils bind to Factor X. However, these deficiencies can occur in the absence of amyloidosis as well. While various reports of this entity have highlighted isolated factor deficiencies including factors V, VII, IX, and X, multiple factor deficiency is a rare occurrence, with no other cases being reported from southern India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of baker's yeast in poultry performance when fed a standard diet is well known. However, its effect on broiler chickens fed low-nutrient diets is lacking in literature. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance, haematology, and blood chemistry of broiler chickens fed a reduced energy and protein (REP) diet with or without baker's yeast supplementation. Two hundred (200) Ross 308 broiler chickens were used in a 6-week feeding trial. The birds were divided into four groups having five replicates of ten birds each. Each group was assigned to one experimental diet in a completely randomized design. The four experimental groups include the control group fed a diet having recommended energy and protein without baker's yeast; the REPY0 group fed REP diet without baker's yeast; the REPY0.2 group fed REP diet with 0.20% baker's yeast; and the REPY0.4 group fed REP diet with 0.40% baker's yeast. The REPY0 and REPY0.2 groups had the poorest (p < 0.05) average daily feed intake (ADFI), final live weight (FLW), average daily weight gain (ADWG), and FCR compared to those in the control and the REP0.4 groups. There was no difference in the mortality recorded across the treatment groups. There were no significant (p > 0.05) differences in white blood cell, red blood cell, heamoglobin, lymphocyte, heterophils, H/L ratio, platelets, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular heamoglobin concentration, and mean corpuscular heamoglobin values across the dietary groups. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in packed cell volume (PCV) of birds fed REPY0 and REPY0.2 diets. However, this decrease in values was improved in the REPY0.4 group. There was a decrease (p < 0.05) in the total protein, globulin, and glucose values of birds in the REPY0 and REPY0.2 groups compared to the control group. However, an improvement was noticed when 0.40% baker's yeast was added to the REP diet. It was concluded that the addition of 0.40% baker's yeast could ameliorate the decrease observed in performance as well as PCV, serum total protein, globulin, and glucose values of finisher broiler chickens fed REP diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the drug interaction between trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (cotrimoxazole) and folic acid/folinic acid. The interaction is frequently observed in haemato-oncological patients who are receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for Pneumocystis Jiroveci Pneumonia (PJP) prophylaxis while also receiving folinic acid supplementation for their haematological condition. The mechanism of this interaction is the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) by trimethoprim, which affects the metabolism of folic acid into active tetrahydrofolic acid (THF). While there is limited in vitro and in vivo evidence regarding the rationale of this interaction, it is recommended to prioritize folic acid over folinic acid when combining folates with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for safety reasons. [Extracted from the article]

Diseases caused by pathogens commonly occurring in the aquatic environment or those that are non‐host specific are prevalent and threaten the rapid growth of tropical aquaculture. This study investigates causes of mortality in 12 batches of newly stocked juvenile Lates calcarifer from three different hatcheries. Cytology based on Diff‐Quik™‐stained tissue and blood smears provides rapid diagnosis of possible causes of mortality, while histopathology and haematology provide a better understanding of how prolonged transport and fish with existing chronic disease are more likely to experience elevated mortality post‐stocking. Our findings showed that accumulation of ammonia during prolonged transport causes extensive damage to epithelial barriers in gastrointestinal tracts and depressed immunity due to marked hypoglycaemia, predisposing fish to acute Streptococcosis. Lates calcarifer with chronic bacterial enteritis developed severe hypoglycaemia, had low circulating total plasma protein, and suffered high mortality within 24 hours post‐stocking. Hypoglycaemia and low circulating blood proteins disrupt osmoregulation and exacerbate dehydration, which is fatal in fish in sea water. Dying L. calcarifer tested PCR positive for scale drop disease virus (SDDV) at 28 days post‐stocking showed a 10‐fold elevation of white blood cell counts, severe vasculitis, and obstruction of blood supply to major organs. Destruction of important immune organs such as spleen is a hallmark of SDDV infection that explains high incidences of opportunistic Vibrio harveyi infections in 61% of fish with SDDV. Overall, this study reiterates the importance of stocking disease‐free fish and reducing transport stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated dietary supplementation with a feed additive composed of multi-strain Bacillus for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. In vitro and in vivo assays employing culture-based microbiological methods and metagenomics were performed. Additionally, the study assessed the haemato-immunology, intestinal microbiome, and growth performance of the animals. For this, 30 juvenile Nile tilapia were used in the in vitro assay and 180 (60 + 120) in the in vivo assays. In the in vitro assay, we found evidence of adhesion of the probiotic bacteria to the intestinal mucus of fish, corroborated in the 15-day in vivo assay, in which the count of B. licheniformis was significantly higher in fish fed with probiotic when compared to fish of the control group. Furthermore, in the 50-day in vivo trial, a metagenomic analysis provided evidence for the modulation of the intestine microbiome of Nile tilapia by dietary supplementation of the probiotic. In addition, there was an increase in species richness, higher abundance of potentially probiotic autochthonous species and a lower abundance of Aeromonas sp. when the animals were fed the supplemented diet. Finally, no significant differences were observed in growth performance and haemato-immunological analyses, suggesting no harm to fish health when the product was supplemented for 15 and 50 days. The in vitro results indicate that the multi-strain probiotics were able to adhere to the intestinal mucus of Nile tilapia. Additionally, a modulation of the intestinal microbiome was evidenced in the in vivo assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine the effect of Xylopia aethiopica fruit powder on broiler chickens' haematological and serum biochemical indices. A total of two hundred broiler chickens (Abor acre) at twenty-eight days of age was used for the experiment. Five experimental diets were formulated and labelled T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5. Treatment one contained no X. aethiopica fruit powder while T2, T3, T4 and T5 contained X. aethiopica fruit powder at 100, 200, 300 and 400 g per 100 kg feed respectively. The broiler chickens were divided into five groups of forty birds and each group was assigned one of the treatment diets in a completely randomised design (CRD). Each group was further divided into four replicates of ten birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Blood was collected for haematological and Serum biochemistry analysis on the (28) twenty-eight days of the experiment. The blood samples collected were analysed for haematological parameters and Serum biochemical parameters. The results showed that the diets did not significantly affect all the haematological parameters (p>0.05). There are significant reductions (p<0.05) in the values of cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein, and very low-density lipoprotein, as the level of X. aethiopica fruit powder increased in the diet. In contrast, a significant increase (p<0.05) was observed in high-density lipoprotein. Therefore, it may be concluded that including X. aethiopica fruit powder at 400 g/100 kg, feed enhanced Serum biochemical parameters in broiler chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determines the effects of probiotics - Saccharomyces cerevisiae on oocysts shedding, haematology and serum proteins of broilers infected with mixed Eimeria oocysts. 120-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups (Groups A - D) of 30 birds each. Group A - was fed a plain diet and not infected, Group B - was fed a supplemented diet and infected, Group C - was fed a plain diet and infected, and Group D - was fed a supplemented diet and not infected. S. cerevisiae was supplemented at 0.1 %/kg of feed. At week 3, Groups B and C were infected with sporulated mixed Eimeria oocysts orally, followed by a daily faecal examination of all groups. The rate of oocyst shedding, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) count, total white blood cell (WBC) count, differential WBC count and serum levels of total protein, albumin and globulin were determined at five days' intervals. The data collected were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance at a 95% confidence interval (p<0.05). Group C had the significantly higher (p<0.05) number of oocysts in faeces, total WBC count and globulin levels, with the lowest PCV, Hb, RBC count, total protein and albumin levels. Group D had significantly higher (p<0.05) heterophil, eosinophil and monocyte counts. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with S. cerevisiae (1 g/kg) ameliorated the effect of Eimeria infection in broilers, by reducing the rate of oocyst shedding, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia due to the activity of the parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Haemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) assessment in fish blood has become a routine parameter to measure the health and welfare status of the animals. The original method (haemoglobincyanide method, best known as the Drabkin method) for measuring Hb in human and animals is not well suited for work outside of a laboratory setting. It is relatively time consuming, contains hazardous cyanide elements, and requires specific laboratory material. As an alternative to the Drabkin method, portable analysers have been developed for human blood, but they need to be first validated for fish blood before being used in experiments. In this study, the performance of the new HemoCue Hb 801 portable haemoglobin analyser was compared to the validated Drabkin method to determine [Hb] in three fish species. Hb readings between the two methods were not different for any of the species tested (rainbow trout, Onchorynchus mykiss, Atlantic wolffish, Anarhichas lupus, and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus). Therefore, this new portable device can be readily used to measure Hb in fish blood. Unlike the previous model from HemoCue, the Hb 201+, this device does not need an incubation time or a correction factor, representing a major gain of time and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the effects of a dietary fermented poultry by-product (FPBP) on the growth performance, feed efficiency, body chemical composition, blood biochemical tests and economic efficiency of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings. Poultry by-product was subjected to solid-state fermentation then incorporated into four experimental (Isonitrogenous 30% and iso-caloric 4400Kcal/ Kg) diets containing 0, 25, 50 and 75% FPBP instead of soybean meal. Results revealed that the replacement of soybean meal with FBPP had significantly high (P≤ 0.05) growth performance and feed utilization. Moreover, body ash content decreased insignificantly (P≤ 0.05) compared to the control. At a low substitution level of 25% FPBP, a significant increase in body fat content (P≤ 0.05) was recorded compared to the control. Furthermore, body ash and energy contents demonstrated a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) compared with the control. Additionally, biochemical blood tests revealed that FPBP does not have any harmful effects on either liver or kidney function parameters. It could be concluded that the replacement of soybean meal with FPBP at a level of 25% was the best in terms of growth performance and feed utilization under these experimental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out on 40 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), they were divided into two groups of 20 quails each, control and experimental. Both groups were given the same forage regime, combined quail forage, growth phase. The experimental group additionally received a supplement of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (DL-alpha tocopheryl acetate), both vitamins in a dose of 1000 mg/kg of combined feed. The duration of the experiment was 6 weeks. The investigations performed were: body weight, hemogram and some biochemical indices. These investigations were carried out at 21 days and the end of the experimental period, i.e. 42 days. At 21 days and 42 days, significant differences were observed in the individuals of the experimental group: increases in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin and haematocrit were observed. Biochemical investigations showed increases in total protein, alkaline phosphatase and calcemia. Decreases in AST, ALT, blood glucose and creatinine were observed in the experimental group. The body weight was statistically significantly higher in the group receiving the feed diet with vitamin C and E supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to estimate the haemato-biochemical alterations in dogs suffering from chronic gastritis presented to Teaching Veterinary Clinical Complex of Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Jammu for one year. A total of 30 clinically affected dogs presented with a history of chronic vomiting were included in the study and 6 healthy dogs were kept as a control group. Based on etiological factors, the diseased animals were divided into five groups: G1 (Foreign body), G2 (Renal failure), G3 (Hepatic origin), G4 (Diabetic origin), and G5 (Pyometra origin) with six animals in each group. Blood sampling was done on the day of presentation for all the groups to estimate haemato-biochemical parameters. Haemograms of dogs revealed low Hb, PCV and TEC in chronic gastritis due to renal, hepatic, diabetic and pyometra origin, and a significant increase in chronic gastritis due to gastric foreign body. A neutrophilic leukocytosis was observed in the foreign body, hepatic, diabetic, and pyometra groups, and neutropenia in the renal failure group. The biochemical parameters revealed a varied picture of reduced total protein and albumin and elevated BUN in the renal, diabetic, and pyometra groups. Creatinine and glucose levels revealed a significant increase in the renal and diabetic groups, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Access to early phase trials for children with relapsed, refractory or progressive (RRPD) cancer is limited in Canada. Patients and families face barriers to access trials, which are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to assess availability of early phase trials and examine the impact of distance from home to study centre on trial enrolment among paediatric oncology patients with RRPD. Methods Oncology patients ≤18 years at diagnosis who later had RRPD were identified retrospectively via registry at the only quaternary paediatric oncology centre in British Columbia (BC). We determined if distance to home, as calculated using geocoding software, was predictive of trial offer or enrolment. Results Between January 2015 and July 2021, 266 patients experienced 396 RRPD events. Seventy-five patients (28.2%) were eligible for an early phase trial at least once. At first eligible event, 61 patients (22.9%) were offered trial (median age 11.8 years; 69.0% male; 46.0% with CNS tumour) and thirty patients (11.3%) enrolled. Distance was not associated with odds of offer (OR 1.01, CI 0.98 to 1.05) or enrolment (OR 0.99, CI 0.95 to 1.03) on univariate or multivariable analysis adjusted for sex and disease (OR 0.93, CI 0.86 to 1.00). For offered patients, 2-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 39.1% (CI 28.0% to 54.8%) and 51.8% (CI 39.9% to 67.2%), respectively. EFS/OS did not differ with distance or enrolment, but varied by disease (EFS P = 0.002, OS P < 0.0001). Conclusions Children in BC with cancer and RRPD have limited access to early phase trials. Distance was not predictive of enrolment, suggesting that families travel to access therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pigs are the most commonly raised livestock in Kupang Regency, offering various advantages over other animals. However, the growing pig population poses a higher risk of diseases such PRRS, which affects both respiratory and reproductive health. Vaccination remains a crucial method for preventing PRRS. Post-vaccination haematological examinations are essential for assessing immune responses, utilizing parameters like leukocyte and lymphocyte counts to evaluate vaccine efficacy and safety. This study investigates haematological parameters as indicators of physiological responses to PRRS vaccination, a relatively less explored area compared to other immunological assessments. The research analysed haematological parameters such as RBC, HGB, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, and WBC both before and three months after vaccination. Blood samples were collected from 15 pigs one day prior to and three months following vaccination. SPSS software was used to analyse the data. The results indicated that haematological parameters remained within normal ranges. RBC, HGB, PCV, and MCHC did not significantly differ, however MCH, MCV, and WBC levels did indicate statistically significant variations. These results support the safety and efficacy of PRRS immunization by indicating that it causes detectable haematological alterations. This study underscores the importance of using haematological parameters as reliable indicators for assessing vaccine pigs reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigated the modulatory effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on haematological and biochemical indices of adult male rabbits. Thirty-two mongrel male rabbits were divided into four groups and administered varying doses of MSG (0 g/kg, 2 g/kg, 4 g/kg, and 6 g/kg body weight) every 48 hours for eight weeks. Hematological parameters, including leukocyte counts, erythrocyte counts, and hemoglobin concentration, as well as serum biochemistry parameters, such as creatinine, glucose, and liver enzymes, were analyzed. The hematology results showed no significant differences (P > 0.05) among treatments for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HTC), red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocyte, and neutrophil counts. However, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the T4 group (71.45 fl) compared to the control (61.2 fl). Platelet count significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in MSG-treated groups compared to the control, with the highest reduction observed in T3 (144 x 10?/µL). For serum biochemistry, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in albumin, total protein, creatinine, glucose, urea, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels across treatments. Similarly, serum electrolyte analysis revealed no significant changes (P > 0.05) in chloride, potassium, and calcium levels. However, sodium concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in T4 (141 mEq/L) compared to the control (123.5 mEq/L). The study concluded that MSG administration at higher doses has a modulatory impact on both hematological and biochemical indices in rabbits, suggesting potential health risks associated with high MSG consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]