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53. Dysfunctional uveoscleral pathway in a rat model of congenital glaucoma

Author

Zisis Gatzioufas, Hafezi F, Kopsidas K, and Thanos S

Subjects
Disease Models, Animal, Anterior Chamber, Ciliary Body, Animals, Glaucoma, Rats, Inbred Strains, Visual Pathways, Uvea, Intraocular Pressure, Sclera, Rats, ddc:616.8
Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the presence of the uveoscleral pathway in the normotensive rat (NR) and in a rat model of congenital glaucoma (CGR). We injected the fluorescent tracer 70-kDa dextran rhodamine B in the anterior chamber of four NRs and four CGRs. At 10 and 60 minutes after injection, rats were euthanized by CO(2) inhalation and eyes were enucleated. Cryosections were prepared and analyzed using fluorescent microscopy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and electron microscopy of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) were performed. At 10 minutes after injection, fluorescent tracer was detected in the iris root and ciliary processes of NRs and CGRs. At 60 minutes, NRs showed prominent signal in the suprachoroidal, whereas, in the CGRs, tracer was barely detectable. Histology of the anterior chamber revealed the presence of an open ACA and electron microscopy confirmed the normal structure of the ciliary body in CGRs. Conclusions: Our results document the presence of an uveoscleral pathway in the normotensive rat. The rat model of congenital glaucoma shows severe impairment of the uveoscleral pathway, suggesting that alterations of the uveoscleral outflow might play a role in the pathogenesis of CG.

Published
2013

54. Orbital metastases of breast cancer

Author

Akdag, F., Hafezi, F., Heule-Dieleman, H.A.G., Bosch, W.A. van den, Luyten, G.P.M., Tanghe, H.L.J., and Paridaens, D.

Subjects
genetic structures, Orbit Imaging Breast Cancer Metastasis clinical characteristics carcinoma tumors eye, sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

We reviewed the radiologic features of 15 patients with orbital metastases originating from breast cancer. This was a retrospective consecutive case series. Fifteen consecutive patients with orbital metastases originating from breast carcinoma were identified between March 1997 and September 2008. A retrospective chart review was carried out, and the radiologic findings were reviewed. The metastases were preseptal in 53%, intraconal in 60%, and both intraconal and extraconal in 33%. Lacrimal gland enlargement was noted in 33%, episcleral space involvement in 33%, bone involvement in 13%, and globe dystopia in 53%. The extraocular muscles were involved in 87%; in 60%, two or more muscles were involved. The medial and lateral rectus muscles were affected in 53% and 47%, respectively, and the inferior and superior rectus muscles in 33%. In 47% one or more radiologic features had not been noted by the radiologist, and in 20% the findings were misinterpreted as an"orbital pseudotumor." Orbital metastases originating from breast cancer may present heterogeneously. Orbital imaging most commonly shows unilateral and multifocal involvement of multiple extraocular muscles and intraconal and preseptal areas by an irregular lesion.

Published
2010

55. Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia of the lacrimal gland in a patient with sarcoidosis

Author

Hafezi, F, Moesen, I, Carels, G, Mooy, C, Paridaens, Dion, and Ophthalmology

Subjects
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract

We report a case of bilateral lacrimal gland involvement as the first sign of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia in a patient with sarcoidosis. Histological analysis of an incisional biopsy revealed a lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma consistent with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia. No noncaseating granulomas were encountered. Systemic treatment was initiated and resulted in complete resolution of the lesions. In a patient with a systemic disease, such as sarcoidosis, and lacrimal gland involvement, a biopsy of the lacrimal gland mass should be taken to make a correct diagnosis and start appropriate treatment.

Published
2010

56. [Orbital metastases of breast cancer. Radiologic features]

Author

Akda, F., Hafezi, F., Heule-Dieleman, H.A.G., Bosch, W.A. van den, Luyten, G.P.M., Tanghe, H.L., and Paridaens, D.

Subjects
genetic structures, Evaluation of complex medical interventions [NCEBP 2], sense organs, eye diseases
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 87357.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: We reviewed the radiologic features of 15 patients with orbital metastases originating from breast cancer. METHODS: This was a retrospective consecutive case series. Fifteen consecutive patients with orbital metastases originating from breast carcinoma were identified between March 1997 and September 2008. A retrospective chart review was carried out, and the radiologic findings were reviewed. RESULTS: The metastases were preseptal in 53%, intraconal in 60%, and both intraconal and extraconal in 33%. Lacrimal gland enlargement was noted in 33%, episcleral space involvement in 33%, bone involvement in 13%, and globe dystopia in 53%. The extraocular muscles were involved in 87%; in 60%, two or more muscles were involved. The medial and lateral rectus muscles were affected in 53% and 47%, respectively, and the inferior and superior rectus muscles in 33%. In 47% one or more radiologic features had not been noted by the radiologist, and in 20% the findings were misinterpreted as an"orbital pseudotumor." CONCLUSION: Orbital metastases originating from breast cancer may present heterogeneously. Orbital imaging most commonly shows unilateral and multifocal involvement of multiple extraocular muscles and intraconal and preseptal areas by an irregular lesion. 01 augustus 2010

Published
2010

58. Corneal collagen cross-linking as treatment for infectious and non-infectious corneal melting in cats and dogs: results of a prospective, non-randomized, controlled trial

Author

Pot, Simon A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-7144, Gallhöfer, N S, Matheis, F L, Voelter-Ratson, K, Hafezi, F, Spiess, B M, Pot, Simon A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-7144, Gallhöfer, N S, Matheis, F L, Voelter-Ratson, K, Hafezi, F, and Spiess, B M

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. UV-A/Riboflavin crosslinking of corneal collagen fibers (CXL) is a highly promising therapy for corneal melting in humans. A prospective interventional, non-randomized, controlled study was conducted to compare the stabilizing effect of CXL treatment on melting keratitis in dogs and cats and the complication rate of CXL to those of standardized intensive medical treatment. PROCEDURES. Forty-nine eyes with melting keratitis were included in the study between October 2009 and October 2012. All eyes were treated according to the same medical treatment protocol. Nineteen eyes were CXL-treated and 30 eyes were not. Follow-up included slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, ulcer size measurement, stromal stability evaluation, photographic documentation and documentation of complications. RESULTS. Five of 19 eyes in the CXL group and 9/30 eyes in the control group required rescue stabilization due to continued melting. Seven of the 9 control group corneas stabilized after rescue CXL treatment. At initial presentation, the ulcers in the canine CXL group were significantly deeper and larger than in the control group. Ulcer deepening during follow-up was more pronounced in the canine control group than in the canine CXL group. CXL treatment related complications were not observed. CONCLUSIONS. Based on the similar failure rates in the control and CXL treatment groups despite the poorer initial situation in the CXL group, the tendency for the ulcers in the control group to deepen and the stabilization of all corneas receiving CXL rescue treatment, we believe that CXL has its place as an adjunctive therapy for melting keratitis in veterinary ophthalmology.

Published
2014

59. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of melting keratitis in cats and dogs: a pilot study

Author

Spiess, B M, Pot, Simon A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-7144, Florin, M, Hafezi, F, Spiess, B M, Pot, Simon A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8782-7144, Florin, M, and Hafezi, F

Abstract

Objective UV-A/riboflavin cross-linking (CXL) of corneal collagen fibers is an established, highly promising therapy for corneal melting in physician-based ophthalmology. A prospective pilot study was conducted to demonstrate proof of principle of this novel method for the treatment of melting corneal ulcers in dogs and cats. Procedures After obtaining owner consent, CXL was performed in three cats and three dogs with corneal melting, which either affected the entire corneal surface or was resistant to conventional antibiotic and anticollagenolytic therapy, or affected parts or all of the corneal surface. Medical therapy was continued in all patients. The available follow-up ranged from 2 to 22.5 months and involved slit-lamp examination, fluorescein staining, and photographic documentation during all rechecks. Results Surgical stabilization of the cornea was not necessary in any case, because progression of corneal melting was arrested in all cases within 1–20 days of CXL treatment. Corneal re-epithelization occurred within 7–40 days in all eyes. At 40 days after CXL, all eyes presented a quiescent corneal state without signs of active inflammation and with beginning scar formation. The complications observed in three of the six animals included a corneal sequestrum, superficial corneal stromal pigmentation, and bullous keratopathy. Conclusions This study shows the feasibility of CXL to treat progressive corneal melting in veterinary patients. CXL may represent a cost-efficient and safe alternative therapy in the treatment for corneal melting in veterinary ophthalmology. More investigations comparing the effectivity and complication rate of CXL to those of standard medical treatment are necessary.

Published
2014

63. Compound developmental eye disorders following inactivation of TGFbeta signaling in neural-crest stem cells

Author

Ittner, L M, Wurdak, H, Schwerdtfeger, K, Kunz, T, Ille, F, Leveen, P, Hjalt, T A, Suter, U, Karlsson, S C F, Hafezi, F, Born, W, Sommer, L, University of Zurich, and Sommer, L

Subjects
10017 Institute of Anatomy, 1300 General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 610 Medicine & health, 10046 Balgrist University Hospital, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Center, 1100 General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Published
2005
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67. Strategies for the management and prevention of complications in refractive laser surgery

Author

Hafezi, F. (Farhad) and Hafezi, F. (Farhad)

Abstract

Objective. Reoperations after refractive surgery have increased in frequency during the past 10 years. The spectrum of the indications for repeat LASIK may have changed. Methods. All cases of reoperations after refractive surgery performed between May 1, 2004 and April 30, 2005 at the Institute of Refractive and Ophthalmic Surgery (IROC) were retrospectively investigated regarding indication for repeat surgery and visual and refractive results. The 1-month results were used to estimate the refractive and visual success rate. Results. Of the 76 reoperations, 69 were performed as re-lifts, 3 eyes had new lamellae cut, and 3 cases needed keratoplasty. The reoperations took place 7.5±13 months after the primary operation (range 0.5 to 60 months). The most frequent indication was residual astigmatism of 0.5 D and more. Visual loss of more than 1 decimal line did not occur and unaided visual acuity increased from 0.64 to 1.05. No complications were reported, however, 3 eyes needed additional enhancement. Conclusions. Reoperations after LASIK performed as re-lifts appear to be effective and reasonably safe when using the technique described and respecting a residual stromal thickness of 280 microns.

Published
2008

70. Pruritic Acquired Nevus of Ota

Author

Quenan, S., primary, Strueven, V., additional, Saxer, N., additional, Laffitte, E., additional, Kaya, G., additional, Krischer, J., additional, Hafezi, F., additional, and Le Gal, F.-A., additional

Published
2013
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76. Mammakarzinommetastasen der Orbita

Author

Akdağ, F., primary, Hafezi, F., additional, Heule-Dieleman, H.A.G., additional, van den Bosch, W.A., additional, Luyten, G.P.M., additional, Tanghe, H.L.J., additional, and Paridaens, D., additional

Published
2010
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88. Diced ear cartilage with perichondrial attachment in rhinoplasty: a new concept.

Author

Hafezi F, Bateni H, Naghibzadeh B, Nouhi AH, Emami A, Fatemi SJ, Pedram M, Mousavi SJ, Hafezi, Farhad, Bateni, Hamed, Naghibzadeh, Bijan, Nouhi, Amir Hossein, Emami, Abolhasan, Fatemi, S Javad, Pedram, Mirsepehr, and Mousavi, S Jaber

Abstract

Background: Diced cartilage is a valuable material that has recently been added to the graft options in rhinoplasty. Shaping, fixation, and resorption are the main concerns with this material. Perichondrially attached diced conchal cartilage may be a new possibility to solve some of these problems.Objectives: The authors evaluate the outcome of perichondrially attached diced cartilage in a rabbit model and compare the results with injectable cartilage grafting.Methods: Ear cartilage was removed from 1 auricle in each of the 16 rabbits included in this study; samples were divided in 2 pieces. After precise weighing, both segments were diced. The perichondrium was left attached to 1 of the pieces. Both segments were inserted in 2 separate pockets in the dorsum of the animal. After a 3-month period, both samples were removed and measured for growth/resorption.Results: At the beginning of this study, the difference in weight between groups was statistically insignificant (P = .213), but 3 months after insertion, significant growth was observed in the perichondrial group (P = .019).Conclusions: The vascularization and significant growth in weight of the perichondrially attached diced cartilage samples are evidence of the viability of this material. The structural integrity and solid framework afforded by this option suggest that the material should be used more frequently in nasoskeletal augmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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90. Continuous expression of the homeobox gene Pax6 in the ageing human retina.

Author

Stanescu, D., Iseli, H. P., Schwerdtfeger, K., Ittner, L. M., Remé, C. E., Hafezi, F., and Remé, C E

Subjects
HOMEOBOX genes, GENE expression, RETINA, WESTERN immunoblotting, IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY, MORPHOGENESIS, AGING
Abstract

Purpose: In the past few years, the essential role of the homeobox gene Pax6 for eye development has been demonstrated unambiguously in a variety of species including humans. In humans, Pax6 mutations lead to a variety of ocular malformations of the anterior and posterior segment. However, little is known about PAX6 expression in the adult human retina. We have therefore investigated PAX6 levels and localization in the human retina at various ages. Methods: Adult human eyes of various ages (17-79 years) were obtained from the Zurich Eye Bank. PAX6 expression levels and patterns were analysed by Western blot analysis of total retinal protein and by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections, respectively. Results: PAX6 expression in the retina was detected up to 79 years of donor age and was predominantly localized to the ganglion cell layer and the inner part of the inner nuclear layer. Conclusions: PAX6 remains distinctly expressed throughout the lifespan of the human retina suggesting a role for PAX6 in the retina after completion of eye morphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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92. Facial reconstruction using the visor scalp flap.

Author

Hafezi F, Naghibzadeh B, Nouhi A, Hafezi, Farhad, Naghibzadeh, Bjjan, and Nouhi, AmirHossein

Abstract

In male burn victims, scar may cause grotesque disfigurement to the upper lip and lower face. There are many ways to address the problem, for simple skin grafting to complex flaps. Bipedicle scalp flaps are used sporadically for reconstruction of the upper lip. In this article, the use of bitemporal artery hair-bearing flap for reconstruction of the moustache and beard area in nine cases as a substitute for facial deformed skin is described. The results indicate that the scalp flap is one of the best-matched flaps for reconstruction of the mid and lower part of the male face. As a result of choosing the proper size of the flap, use of the tissue expander is omitted, the donor site may be closed primarily and early return of the patient to normal life is guaranteed. Although, the width of the flap is not sufficient enough to cover the whole lower face and the cheeks, it is enough to imitate a normal face and give a pleasant appearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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94. Fra-1 substitutes for c-Fos in AP-1-mediated signal transduction in retinal apoptosis.

Author

Wenzel, A., Iseli, H.P., Fleischmann, A., Hafezi, F., Grimm, C., Wagner, E.F., and Remé, C.E.

Subjects
PHOTORECEPTORS, CELLULAR signal transduction, APOPTOSIS
Abstract

Lack of the AP-1 member c-Fos protects photoreceptors against light-induced apoptosis, a model for retinal degeneration. In mice, light damage increases the activity of the transcription factor AP-1, while pharmacological suppression of AP-1 prevents apoptosis, suggesting the involvement of pro-apoptotic AP-1 target genes. Recently, however, it was shown that photoreceptors expressing Fra-1 in place of c-Fos (Fos[sup Fosl1/Fosl1]) are apoptosis competent despite the lack of transactivation domains in Fra-1. Here, we show that morphological features of light-induced apoptosis were indistinguishable in Fos[sup Fosl1/Fosl1] and wild-type mice. Furthermore, light exposure comparably increased AP-1 activity in both genotypes. Opposite to wild-type mice, Fra-1, but not c-Fos, was detectable in AP-1 complexes of Fos[sup Fosl1/Fosl1] mice. Importantly, AP-1 responsiveness for glucocorticoid receptor-mediated inhibition was preserved in Fos[sup Fosl1/Fosl1] mice. Thus, Fra-1 takes over for c-Fos in pro- and anti-apoptotic signal transduction. As Fra-1 lacks transactivation domains, AP-1 may not induce, but rather suppress genes in retinal light damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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95. Fra-1 replaces c-Fos-dependent functions in mice.

Author

Fleischmann, A, Hafezi, F, Elliott, C, Remé, C E, Rüther, U, and Wagner, E F

Abstract

Structure-function analysis as well as studies with knock-out and transgenic mice have assigned distinct functions to c-Fos and Fra-1, two components of the transcription factor AP-1 (activator protein-1). To test whether Fra-1 could substitute for c-Fos, we generated knock-in mice that express Fra-1 in place of c-Fos. Fra-1 rescues c-Fos-dependent functions such as bone development and light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis. Importantly, rescue of bone cell differentiation, but not photoreceptor apoptosis, is gene-dosage dependent. Moreover, Fra-1 fails to substitute for c-Fos in inducing expression of target genes in fibroblasts. These results show that c-Fos and Fra-1 have maintained functional equivalence during vertebrate evolution.

Published
2000

97. Electron beam focusing in the magnetic field of a bent electron beam evaporator

Author

Mostafa Salahshoor, Zavarian, A. A., and Hafezi, F.

Subjects
electron beam, magnetic lens, Physics::Accelerator Physics, vacuum deposition, lcsh:Physics, lcsh:QC1-999
Abstract

In this paper, the vacuum film deposition through electron beam evaporation has been reviewed and the effect of magnetic field on the operation of this system has been explained. Then, the magnetic field distribution due to magnetic components configuartion of a commercial evaporation source with 270-degree electron beam gun (manufactured by Sharif University Branch of ACECR), has been simulated by means of a finite element software, ANSYS. The simulation result was verified by comparing with the results obtained from measurement by Hall Effect sensor. Furthermore, by using the ray-tracing capability of the software, the capability of the magnetic lens of this device for electron beam focusing has been investigated. The predicted position of the electron beam spot on the target is in good agreement with experimental observations &nbsp

98. Light-induced cell death of retinal photoreceptors in the absence of p53

Author

Marti A, Hafezi F, Lansel N, Monika Hegi, Wenzel A, Grimm C, Niemeyer G, and Ce, Remé

Subjects
Male, Light, Retinal Degeneration, Apoptosis, Dark Adaptation, DNA Fragmentation, Genes, p53, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Radiation Injuries, Experimental, DNA Nucleotidyltransferases, Electroretinography, Animals, Photoreceptor Cells, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Deoxyuracil Nucleotides, DNA Damage
Abstract

Cell death by apoptosis is essential for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and it is involved also in a variety of pathologic processes. Apoptosis is the final common pathway of photoreceptor cell death in retinal dystrophies and degeneration. So far, little is known about genes regulating apoptosis in the retina. The tumor-suppressor gene product p53 is a potent regulator of apoptosis in numerous systems. However, p53-independent apoptotic pathways also have been described. In this study the authors investigated the role of p53 in the light-induced apoptosis of retinal photoreceptors using mice lacking p53.Free-moving p53-/- and p53+/+ mice were dark adapted and were exposed to 8,500 or 15,000 lux of diffuse, cool, white fluorescent light for 2 hours. Animals were killed before and immediately after light exposure or at 12 hours in darkness after light exposure. Eyes were enucleated and processed for light and electron microscopy and histochemistry (TdT-dUTP terminal nick-end labeling method). Isolated retinas were subjected to the extraction of total retinal DNA. Electroretinogram (ERG) recordings were performed at all time points.Morphologic, biochemical, histochemical, and ERG analysis showed that the retinas of untreated p53-/- mice and wild-type control mice were structurally and functionally indistinguishable. After exposure to diffuse white fluorescent light, light-induced photoreceptor cell death was analyzed and was found to be the same in both groups of mice.These data suggest that light-induced apoptosis of photoreceptors is independent of functional p53.

100. Compound developmental eye disorders following inactivation of TGFβ signaling in neural-crest stem cells

Author

Suter Ueli, Hjalt Tord A, Leveen Per, Ille Fabian, Kunz Thomas, Schwerdtfeger Kerstin, Wurdak Heiko, Ittner Lars M, Karlsson Stefan, Hafezi Farhad, Born Walter, and Sommer Lukas

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Development of the eye depends partly on the periocular mesenchyme derived from the neural crest (NC), but the fate of NC cells in mammalian eye development and the signals coordinating the formation of ocular structures are poorly understood. Results Here we reveal distinct NC contributions to both anterior and posterior mesenchymal eye structures and show that TGFβ signaling in these cells is crucial for normal eye development. In the anterior eye, TGFβ2 released from the lens is required for the expression of transcription factors Pitx2 and Foxc1 in the NC-derived cornea and in the chamber-angle structures of the eye that control intraocular pressure. TGFβ enhances Foxc1 and induces Pitx2 expression in cell cultures. As in patients carrying mutations in PITX2 and FOXC1, TGFβ signal inactivation in NC cells leads to ocular defects characteristic of the human disorder Axenfeld-Rieger's anomaly. In the posterior eye, NC cell-specific inactivation of TGFβ signaling results in a condition reminiscent of the human disorder persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous. As a secondary effect, retinal patterning is also disturbed in mutant mice. Conclusion In the developing eye the lens acts as a TGFβ signaling center that controls the development of eye structures derived from the NC. Defective TGFβ signal transduction interferes with NC-cell differentiation and survival anterior to the lens and with normal tissue morphogenesis and patterning posterior to the lens. The similarity to developmental eye disorders in humans suggests that defective TGFβ signal modulation in ocular NC derivatives contributes to the pathophysiology of these diseases.

Published
2005
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