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Ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs) offer a facile and efficient approach to increase the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, the critical roles that guest components play in complicated ternary systems remain poorly understood. Herein, two acceptors named LA1 and LA9 with differing crystallinity are investigated. The overly crystalline LA9 induces large self‐aggregates in PM6:LA9 binary system, resulting in a lower PCE (13.12%) compared to PM6:LA1 device (13.89%). Encouragingly, both acceptors are verified as efficient guest candidates into the host binary PM6:NCBDT‐4Cl (PCE = 13.48%) and afford markedly improved PCEs up to 15.39% and 15.75% in LA1 and LA9 ternary devices, respectively. Interestingly, the higher crystallinity LA9 reveals smaller interaction energies with both the host acceptor and donor PM6. Compared to LA1, the appropriate mutual interactions in the LA9 ternary system not only induces the orderly crystallinity of PM6 but also better compatibility with the host acceptor, generating further optimized molecular orientations and ternary morphology. Therefore, enhanced charge transport and minimized recombination loss are detected in LA9 ternary devices, affording the most competitive performance among Y6‐sbsent TOSCs. This work suggests that complicated intermolecular interactions should be seriously considered when fabricating state‐of‐the‐art multiple components OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs) exhibit broader absorption bands, greater potential in micro-morphology regulation, energy level tuning, and other advantages compared with binary PSCs, and is a facile and efficient approach for further enhancing photovoltaic performances. Because of its much more complicated morphology-forming process, the ternary devices with two donors and one non-fullerene acceptor are difficult to regulate. In contrast, the ternary devices with one donor and two acceptors show greater potential in improving the morphology stability of the active layer film, which is one of the biggest obstacles that hinder the commercialization of PSCs. This review systematically summarizes the principles and functions of the third component of high-performance non-fullerenes ternary PSCs, and outlines the recent advancements of ternary PSCs with two donors and one non-fullerene acceptor, including two polymer donors and small molecular acceptor, all-polymer PSCs, and PSCs with small molecule donors. The relationship between the composition and property was carefully examined and outlined. In addition, the valuable guidelines in developing high-efficiency and high-stability non-fullerene ternary PSCs are demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Huff‐n‐puff (HnF) is a crucial technology for effectively enhancing the oil recovery (EOR) of tight oil reservoirs. Soaking period is the primary platform for injection medium interacting with formation fluid and reservoir rock in HnF. Elucidating the micro‐percolation mechanism of the soaking period is immensely significant for guiding oilfield production practices. The present study established a physical simulation method combining HnF experiments with nuclear magnetic resonance to reveal the microscopic percolation mechanisms, including water, fracturing fluid, and surfactant. Furthermore, the impacts of soaking time, HnF cycles, wettability, and pore structure on oil recovery degree were quantified. The results demonstrate the crucial significance of wettability and pore structure in the soaking period. The dominant mechanism during water HnF in reservoirs characterized by well‐connected pore networks and minimal clay pores is micropore imbibition, while conversely, macropore displacement plays a predominant role. The oil recovery degree of fracturing fluid HnF primarily relies on mitigating solid‐fluid forces within macropores. The surfactant HnF in preferential water‐ and oil‐wet reservoirs is primarily governed by oil films stripped from macropore walls and micropore imbibition, respectively. Specifically, water and fracturing fluid HnF are suitable for shorter soaking time and fewer HnF cycles, whereas the surfactant HnF exhibits an inverse relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explores the impact of leisure activity and the association between childhood starvation and the risk of diabetes in older Chinese adults., Design: Prospective cohort study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Study (CLHLS), a nationwide cohort study in China., Setting and Participants: A total of 4637 older adults aged ≥65 years, all with documented diabetes history, experiences of childhood starvation, and participation in leisure activities were recruited., Methods: Childhood starvation exposure was assessed via self-reported responses from a structured questionnaire. The leisure activities were measured by 9 distinctive components and categorized into 3 distinct categories: productive activity, recreational activity, and sedentary activity. Diabetes status was determined by self-reported, physician-diagnosed cases during the follow-up period. Nonparametric survival models were employed for analysis., Results: Over an average follow-up period of 4.3 years, 215 of 4637 participants (4.6%) reported a confirmed diagnosis of diabetes. Nonparametric survival models showed that those reporting childhood starvation had a higher risk of late-life diabetes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.72, 95% CI 1.21-2.44]. Engaging in productive activity (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83-0.99) and recreational activity (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.77-1.00) was linked with a reduced risk of late-life diabetes. Sedentary activity did not show a significant effect. Further analysis highlighted the interactions effects of leisure activities on diabetes risk across different demographic and historical exposure subgroups., Conclusions and Implications: Engaging in productive and recreational leisure activities was inversely associated with the risk of diabetes in older adults who experienced childhood starvation. Promoting such activities could be beneficial in mitigating long-term diabetes risk related to early-life nutritional deficiencies., Competing Interests: Disclosures The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

The development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for complete oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) in direct EG fuel cells is of decisive importance to hold higher energy efficiency. Despite some achievements, their progress, especially electrocatalytic selectivity to complete oxidated C 1 products, is remarkably slower than expected. In this work, we developed a facile aqueous synthesis of Ir-doped CuPd single-crystalline mesoporous nanotetrahedrons (Ir-CuPd SMTs) as high-performance electrocatalyst for promoting oxidation cleavage of C-C bond in alkaline EG oxidation reaction (EGOR) electrocatalysis. The synthesis relied on precise reduction/co-nucleation and epitaxial growth of Ir, Cu and Pd precursors with cetyltrimethylammonium chloride as the mesopore-forming surfactant and extra Br - as the facet-selective agent under ambient conditions. The products featured concave nanotetrahedron morphology enclosed by well-defined (111) facets, single-crystalline and mesoporous structure radiated from the center, and uniform elemental composition without any phase separation. Ir-CuPd SMTs disclosed remarkably enhanced electrocatalytic activity and excellent stability as well as superior selectivity of C 1 products for alkaline EGOR electrocatalysis. Detailed mechanism studies demonstrated that performance improvement came from structural and compositional synergies, which kinetically accelerated transports of electrons/reactants within active sites of penetrated mesopores and facilitated oxidation cleavage of high-energy-barrier C-C bond of EG for desired C 1 products. More interestingly, Ir-CuPd SMTs performed well in coupled electrocatalysis of anode EGOR and cathode nitrate reduction, highlighting its high potential as bifunctional electrocatalyst in various applications., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)