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• Interactions between partially related technologies are both positive and negative. • Four interaction types are identified: collaboration, diversification, resistance, competition. • Interaction types are dependent on the relative maturity of the technologies in question. • Floating and fixed bottom offshore wind in Norway often displays niche-niche style interactions to stimulate or hinder the market. • Floating and fixed bottom offshore wind in Norway often displays niche-regime style interactions to develop or impede the technology. • Interactions create positive and negative feedback loops. Fixed-bottom offshore wind is exploited as a maturing technology in many European countries. Floating wind has impressive potential for deep waters but needs technological and market development. How these two partially related technologies interact remains unclear. We address the ambiguity of these interactions to investigate floating offshore wind's development. The interactions are divided into technological or market and can be negative (competition and resistance) or positive (collaboration and diversification). We analyze these interaction types through a case study of offshore wind in Norway. Many positive interactions were observed, including knowledge overlaps and infrastructure compatibilities. Negative interactions include competition about future space constraints at ports, labor availability, and resistance by incumbent wind turbine manufacturers. Further, market and technological interactions are mutually influential, creating important feedback loops. Technologies can no longer be simply categorized as 'niche' or 'regime', but rather 'niche-like' (emerging) and 'regime-like' (maturing); hence, both emerging-emerging and emerging-maturing interactions occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present all-embracing Transformers (AaTs) that are capable of deftly manipulating attention mechanism for Received Signal Strength (RSS) fingerprints in order to invigorate localizing performance. Since most machine learning models applied to the RSS modality do not possess any attention mechanism, they can merely capture superficial representations. Moreover, compared to textual and visual modalities, the RSS modality is inherently notorious for its sensitivity to environmental dynamics. Such adversities inhibit their access to subtle but distinct representations that characterize the corresponding location, ultimately resulting in significant degradation in the testing phase. In contrast, a major appeal of AaTs is the ability to focus exclusively on relevant anchors in RSS sequences, allowing full rein to the exploitation of subtle and distinct representations for specific locations. This also facilitates disregarding redundant clues formed by noisy ambient conditions, thus enhancing accuracy in localization. Apart from that, explicitly resolving the representation collapse (i.e. , none-informative or homogeneous features, and gradient vanishing) can further invigorate the self-attention process in transformer blocks, by which subtle but distinct representations to specific locations are radically captured with ease. For that purpose, we first enhance our proposed model with two sub-constraints, namely covariance and variance losses at the Anchor2Vec. The proposed constraints are automatically mediated with the primary task towards a novel multi-task learning manner. In an advanced manner, we present further the ultimate in design with a few simple tweaks carefully crafted for transformer encoder blocks. This effort aims to promote representation augmentation via stabilizing the inflow of gradients to these blocks. Thus, the problems of representation collapse in regular Transformers can be tackled. To evaluate our AaTs, we compare the models with the state-of-the-art (SoTA) methods on three benchmark indoor localization datasets. The experimental results confirm our hypothesis and show that our proposed models could deliver much higher and more stable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern heritage, particularly post-war social housing estates, is struggling with negative perceptions. Accordingly, this research aims to contribute to a better understanding of the heritage significance of post-war housing estates in general and the Western Garden Cities – a post-war neighborhood in Amsterdam – in particular. A review of the limited body of literature on the heritage significance of modern and post-war housing estates was performed. A significance assessment was conducted on a sample of representative case studies by using expert interviews for data collection. The experts assigned significance levels to attributes based on whether or not they need to be preserved during a sustainable refurbishment. The highest-valued attributes are parcellation, balconies, and semi-public green spaces. The most negative value was assigned to the application of external insulation, replacement of the window frames by PVC-U, and closed character of the façades on the ground floor level. The lack of heritage recognition at the lower scale level may either be due to the important details already being lost or details not yet consistently being recognized as the architecture and buildings are understudied in comparison with the urban qualities of post-war heritage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To characterize the association of birth weight with parent-reported special healthcare needs (SHCN) and unmet healthcare needs among children born prematurely.Study Design: We analyzed data from the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children's Health. Prematurity, birth weight, SHCN, and unmet healthcare needs were reported for one child per participating household. We analyzed children age 0-5 years, and classified birthweight among children born preterm as very low birth weight (VLBW, <1500 g), low birth weight (LBW, 1500-2500 g), and normal weight (NBW, >2500 g). Term-born NBW children were included as a reference group.Results: The analysis included 190 VLBW preterm, 688 LBW preterm, 884 NBW preterm, and 15 629 NBW term-born children. Weighted SHCN prevalence was 10%, and 1% had unmet healthcare needs. On multivariable analysis, children born preterm and VLBW had significantly higher odds of SHCN compared with NBW term-born children (OR, 9.8; 95% CI, 4.9-19.6). Preterm LBW and NBW preterm groups had smaller increases in SHCN odds (OR, 2.5 and OR, 1.6, respectively). The odds of unmet healthcare needs did not differ among the 4 study groups.Conclusions: Among children under 5 years of age, preterm birth and VLBW are associated with very high likelihood of SHCN, compared with LBW/NBW preterm or NBW term-born children. However, requirements for additional health services in this group were adequately met, according to caregiver report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A number of natural language processing and computer vision models are applied to Flickr data. • Higher sentiment is associated with increasing aesthetic quality and different wildlife observations. • Sentiment is also related to different physical settings and outdoor activities. • Significant associations are found between survey data, aesthetic quality, wildlife observations and sentiment. • CES indicator development using social media should also consider the resulting positive experience of people. Social media is increasingly being employed to develop Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES) indicators. The image-sharing platform Flickr has been one of the most popular sources of data. Most large-scale studies, however, tend to only use the number of images as a proxy for CES due to the challenges associated with processing large amounts of this data but this does not fully represent the benefit generated by ecosystems in terms of the positive experiences expressed by users in the associated text. To address this gap, we apply several Computer Vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) models to link CES estimates for Great Britain based on the content of images to sentiment measures using the accompanying text, and compare our results to a national, geo-referenced survey of recreational well-being in England. We find that the aesthetic quality of the landscape and the presence of particular wildlife results in more positive sentiment. However, we also find that different physical settings correlate with this sentiment and that sentiment is sometimes more strongly related to social activities than many natural factors. Still, we find significant associations between these CES measures, sentiment and survey data. Our findings illustrate that integrating sentiment analysis with CES measurement can capture some of the positive benefits associated with CES using social media. The additional detail provided by these novel techniques can help to develop more meaningful CES indicators for recreational land use management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbohydrate Response Element Binding Protein (ChREBP) is a glucose 6-phosphate (G6P)-sensitive transcription factor that acts as a metabolic switch to maintain intracellular glucose and phosphate homeostasis. Hepatic ChREBP is well-known for its regulatory role in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and de novo lipogenesis. The physiological role of ChREBP in hepatic glycogen metabolism and blood glucose regulation has not been assessed in detail, and ChREBP's contribution to carbohydrate flux adaptations in hepatic Glycogen Storage Disease type 1 (GSD I) requires further investigation. The current study aimed to investigate the role of ChREBP as a regulator of glycogen metabolism in response to hepatic G6P accumulation, using a model for acute hepatic GSD type Ib. The immediate biochemical and regulatory responses to hepatic G6P accumulation were evaluated upon G6P transporter inhibition by the chlorogenic acid S4048 in mice that were either treated with a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against ChREBP (shChREBP) or a scrambled shRNA (shSCR). Complementary stable isotope experiments were performed to quantify hepatic carbohydrate fluxes in vivo. ShChREBP treatment normalized the S4048-mediated induction of hepatic ChREBP target genes to levels observed in vehicle- and shSCR-treated controls. In parallel, hepatic shChREBP treatment in S4048-infused mice resulted in a more pronounced accumulation of hepatic glycogen and further reduction of blood glucose levels compared to shSCR treatment. Hepatic ChREBP knockdown modestly increased glucokinase (GCK) flux in S4048-treated mice while it enhanced UDP-glucose turnover as well as glycogen synthase and phosphorylase fluxes. Hepatic GCK mRNA and protein levels were induced by shChREBP treatment in both vehicle- and S4048-treated mice, while glycogen synthase 2 (GYS2) and glycogen phosphorylase (PYGL) mRNA and protein levels were reduced. Finally, knockdown of hepatic ChREBP expression reduced starch domain binding protein 1 (STBD1) mRNA and protein levels while it inhibited acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA) activity, suggesting reduced capacity for lysosomal glycogen breakdown. Our data show that ChREBP activation controls hepatic glycogen and blood glucose levels in acute hepatic GSD Ib through concomitant regulation of glucose phosphorylation, glycogenesis, and glycogenolysis. ChREBP-mediated control of GCK enzyme levels aligns with corresponding adaptations in GCK flux. In contrast, ChREBP activation in response to acute hepatic GSD Ib exerts opposite effects on GYS2/PYGL enzyme levels and their corresponding fluxes, indicating that GYS2/PYGL expression levels are not limiting to their respective fluxes under these conditions. • Hepatic ChREBP knockdown increases GCK levels and-flux. • Hepatic ChREBP knockdown enhances hepatic glycogen synthesis and-phosphorylation in acute GSD Ib. • Hepatic ChREBP knockdown reduces hepatic STBD1 levels and GAA activity. • Hepatic ChREBP knockdown slightly reduces blood glucose levels in acute GSD Ib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The 'Airey-system' is a post-war prefab construction system which has recently gained heritage significance recognition. As a result, recent refurbishments have shifted from applying exterior insulation to applying internal insulation in dwellings constructed with this system. Applying internal insulation to existing buildings is known to pose a challenge in relation to hygrothermal risks, as this can lead to high relative humidity levels, condensation, and ultimately, mould growth and decay. The aim of the paper is to assess the hygrothermal risk associated with applying internal insulation in dwellings constructed with the Airey-system, as this remains absent in literature. The assessment is conducted on a proposed refurbishment design of 144 dwellings and evaluates the relative humidity near surfaces in combination with an advanced mould growth prediction model. A simulation of a reference year indicates long periods of continuous condensation, and large amounts of mould growth. The results show that a typical application of internal insulation, although it does meet standard building regulations, is not sufficient to prevent mould growth and condensation in this type of construction. Therefore, a subsequent sensitivity analysis of key parameters is carried out, evaluating the impact of increased airtightness, increased ventilation rates and increased surface temperatures on the hygrothermal risk. All individual parameters have a significant impact, however, none of the parameters provides an easily achieved stand-alone solution to the hygrothermal risk. A final assessment of the combination of parameters shows that only a combination of far reaching improvements could mitigate the risk of mould growth and condensation. Highlights • Hygrothermal risk assessment of the internal insulation of post-war prefab housing. • Reference year results in significant interstitial condensation and mould growth. • Typical application of internal insulation is not suitable for this type of construction. • Sensitivity analysis shows individual parameter changes can reduce the risk. • Only a combination of far reaching parameter changes mitigates hygrothermal risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The importance and effectiveness of adaptive reuse as an alternative to the demolition of cultural heritage is well-studied. However, increasing demand in cities to redevelop larger scale urban historic sites requires new strategies to benefit from their inherent values. This paper focuses on strategies of regeneration for historic urban sites. The paper presents a systematic literature review of 45 papers, with case studies geographically concentrated in Europe and Asia, and a focus on residential, commercial, and industrial areas. From the case studies, 46 different regeneration strategies have been deduced. The various strategies are, via content analysis, dissected into a select number of drivers to find commonalities. These key drivers are user participation, top-down, genius loci, sustainability, and conversion. Based on the reflections of the reviewed authors, a performance evaluation assesses the outcomes of these strategies. Further data analysis is conducted at the level of individual drivers as well as their combinations to deduce the most positive-evaluated strategies. Findings show that genius loci contributes to the most positive-evaluated strategies, while top-down driven strategies contribute to the most negative-evaluated strategies. Furthermore, strategies are assessed positively when three or more drivers are considered regardless of their combination. This paper acts as a starting point for further research into the formation of regeneration strategies and into the specific drivers and their combinations or underlying relations. Moreover, it can be of contribution to the practice, to support decision makers and urban planners in developing the appropriate regeneration strategy for historic urban sites. • Regeneration strategies concentrate on five main drivers. • Drivers: user participation, top-down, genius loci, sustainability, and conversion. • Regeneration strategies are evaluated positive, when minimal three drivers are used. • The exact combination of drivers is less relevant for a positive outcome. • User participation is most positively evaluated, top-down most negatively evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives This study sought to investigate the differences in detecting (e.g., triggering) periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) among 3 current definitions. Background PMI is a frequent component of primary endpoints in coronary device trials. Identification of all potential suspected events is critical for accurate event ascertainment. Automatic triggers based on study databases prevent underreporting of events. Methods We generated automated algorithms to trigger PMI based on each definition and compared results using data from the RESOLUTE all comers trial. Results The operationalization of current PMI definitions was achieved by defining programmable algorithms used to interrogate the study database. From a total of 636 PMI triggers, we identified 234 for the World Health Organization extended definition, 382 for the Third Universal definition, and 216 for the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions definition. Differences among the biomarkers used, different cutoff values, and in the hierarchy among biomarkers within definitions, yielded a different number of triggers, and identified unique triggers for each definition. Only 38 triggers were consistently identified by all definitions. Availability of ECG data, eCRF data on clinical presentation, and the reporting of >2 post-procedural values of the same biomarker influenced considerably the number of PMI triggers identified. Conclusions PMI definitions are not interchangeable. The number of triggers identified and consequently the potential number of events varies significantly, highlighting the importance of rigorous methodology when PMI is a component of a powered endpoint. Emphasis on collection of biomarkers, ECG data, and clinical status at baseline may improve the correct identification of PMI triggers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]