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Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic and autoimmune disorder caused by inflammatory T-cells response to the gluten-containing proteins. This disease may be expressed due to genetic predisposition, an autoimmune disorder, or environmental factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that included only the pediatric population and aimed to determine the prevalence and complications of CD among children. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the researcher; it covered the socio-demographic data, the patients’ clinical data, including their state, the possible complications of the disease, and the diabetic patients. Results: A total of 729 children were included, 63.1% were females, and the ones aging above ten years ranked with 31.7%. The prevalence of CD was 32.4%, and only 11.2% were diabetic. More than half of this population did not suffer any complications at all (54.7%), while malnutrition and bone weakening were the most common complications with (27.8%) and (15.5%), respectively. Conclusion: There is a relatively low prevalence of CD among children. The majority of our population did not suffer any complications. Furthermore, malnutrition and bone weakening constituted the most frequent complications among the patients.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant relationship between oral health and diabetes mellitus. The study is a cross-sectional analytical study, that used an e-form questionnaire, collecting 1095 participant. The questionnaire is designed to assess the common signs and symptoms of different common oral diseases, especially periodontal disease. Results showed that 9.6% of participants were diabetics. Significant relationship between symptoms and signs of dental disease and being a diabetic was found. Conclusion has been made that diabetes has a negative effect on oral health.

Background: Hernias occur when weak points in the abdominal wall give way and organs emerge from the body cavity. They can develop in the umbilical area, in the groin area or in any other place where there is an operation scar. Groin hernias are the most common type of hernias and are particularly common in men. An inguinal hernia is often noticeable as a protuberance in the groin region. Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spot light on the prevalence of different hernia types among Saudi population. The study was carried out at universities, hospitals and malls in KSA. Data were collected from patients and general population during a period from May to November 2021. Results: Among the 517 participants; the most frequent age group was 20-30 years [n= 212, 41%] while the least frequent age group was more than 50 years of age [n= 37, 7.2%]; with very close male to female ratio. Furthermore, 120 participants had DM [23.2%], 146 participants were smoking [28.2%] and 57 participants were ex-smokers [11%]. Moreover, 150 participants were suffering from constipation, 104 had cough, 134 perform weight lifting and 65 had previous hernia [the most frequent hernia was umbilical hernia and the least frequent hernia was femoral hernia]. When comparing the risk factors with the presence of hernia, there was no any statistically significant relationships except for the umbilical hernia is statistically significant for females [P = 0.01]. Conclusion: The most common hernia type among the participant was the umbilical hernia and the least common type is the femoral hernia. Moreover, there were no significant hernia risk factors among the participants, except for the female gender, which had a statistically significant relationship with the umbilical hernia.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a significant association between GERD and heart burn, and common comorbidities and associated diseases. GERD is a chronic disease in which gastric contents reflux back into the esophagus. It’s a reasonably prevalent condition among populations. Results of this study showed significant relationship between this condition and others like: DM, HTN, Anxiety, respiratory, colon diseases, in addition to connective diseases. This is consistent with other evidence on GERD and its associated conditions. Results also showed somewhat weak recognition of participants upon whether they have actually GERD, with only nearly 55% knowing the meaning of GERD.

Objectives: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an extremely common health complaint which decreases productivity and quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify associations between specific food categories and aggravation of symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional questionnaire study. Patients provided details about the categories of food that they consumed, as well as symptoms related to sinusitis. The data was extracted onto a spreadsheet and analysed using chi-square testing. Results: A small percentage of patients (4%) associated food categories with exacerbations of sinus symptoms. Chocolate was the most common trigger, followed by white flour foods. Several patients (33%) were not aware of the association between food and sinus symptoms. Conclusion: Some food categories can exacerbate sinusitis in a specific population subset. Patients should be encouraged to maintain a food diary so that they can identify relevant triggers and these can be avoided in the future.

Among most Medical staff the orthopaedic complaint is very common and, in this research, we focused on the overall Prevalence of orthopaedic disorders among Medical workers, orthopaedic conditions differences between genders and educational levels. Then we overviewed the rates of orthopaedic diseases in different age groups in the general population. This study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions. &nbsp

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

Delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions (DHTRs) occur in patients who have received transfusions in the past. These patients may have very low antibody titers that are undetectable on pretransfusion testing, so that seemingly compatible units of red blood cells (RBCs) are transfused. DHTRs are a potentially life-threatening complication of sickle-cell disease (SCD) treatment. In SCD, DHTRs appear to be an immune process that develop because of differences in erythrocyte antigens between blood donors and patients. Aim:DHTR is one of serious complication of blood transfusion that happens due to alloimmunized which is lead to hyperhaemolysis syndrome , DHTR can be managed by steroid and Intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG ) and prevented by accurate records with extended matching for certain population. Methodology:The consent of the patient and his family was obtained to publish and highlight his health condition in detail and to follow up with the case to match the research results and work on it under the framework of case reporting. Conclusion:DHTR can be managed by steroid and Intravenous immunoglobulin ( IVIG ) with good outcomes,DHTR can be prevented by means of accurate records, extended matching for certain population with high risk of developing alloantibodies such as individuals with SCD and B-thalassemia with proper handling of administration of blood product and proper notation in the patient medical records and blood bank records as well as the use of medical card for patient to known RBC alloantibodies. &nbsp

Objective: This study aims to determine the relationship between visual impairment and IQ in medical staff. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among medical staff in Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a predesigned questionnaire. Results: Out of the 142 participants, 74.6% were females and 95.8% were Saudi. More than half of the respondents (54.9%) were medical students and 23.2% were physicians. 49.3% of them had a history of visual symptoms. Of the visually impaired individuals, 57.2% had blurred vision and 25.7% were myopic. Study demonstrated a significant association between age (P=0.038) and professional title (P=0.001) and the IQ mean rank. Conclusion: This study found no significant association between visual impairments and IQ score among the medical participants. There is also a small amount or no focus on the articles and/or researches that assess the intelligence among visually impaired people in Saudi Arabia. Medical students and physicians were found to have higher IQ mean ranks.

Osteoporosis is a common public health challenge globally but the relative contribution of variousrisk factors for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia is not well established. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of risk factors for osteoporosis among females aged 35 years and above in Saudi Arabia. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample size of 2070 and determined the prevalence of risk factors as percentages of the total sample size. We foundthat vitamin D deficiency is the major modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia followed by cigarette smoking. Autoimmune and endocrine diseases were also not uncommon. Our results therefore suggest for the strengthening of measures to prevent vitamin D deficiency, reduce corticosteroid-related osteoporosis and curb cigarette smoking. &nbsp

Among most medical staff, Smoking is very common and, in this research, we aim To Determine awareness of smoking in medical staff, smoking differences between gender and nationality in KSA.Then we overviewed the rates of smoking in different age groups in the general population. We want also to know the connection of this awareness to smoking or quitting, which may cause future plans that provide for the shedding of light on psychological treatment and mental persuasion to help quit smoking. This study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions. Conclusion:It is evident through the results that smoking is very common among doctors, especially men, and smoking is more common among people over 55 years of age than others. In addition to these negatives, most of the sample is aware of the negative aspects of smoking and its risks in the future, but the majority of them still smoke. &nbsp

Among most medical staff, Smoking is very common and, in this research, we aim To Determine awareness of smoking in medical staff, smoking differences between gender and nationality in KSA.Then we overviewed the rates of smoking in different age groups in the general population. We want also to know the connection of this awareness to smoking or quitting, which may cause future plans that provide for the shedding of light on psychological treatment and mental persuasion to help quit smoking. This study participants were Medical workers from Saudi Arabia and the results may not be applied to different sittings due to differences in facilities and work conditions. Conclusion: It is evident through the results that smoking is very common among doctors, especially men, and smoking is more common among people over 55 years of age than others. In addition to these negatives, most of the sample is aware of the negative aspects of smoking and its risks in the future, but the majority of them still smoke.

Background:Over last few decades, obesity has become a serious point of concern. The prevalence rate is continuously rising both in the developed and developing countries. Obesity not only has phycological effect on the individuals but is also associated with an increased risk of developing range of metabolic, cardiovascular, and liver disorders. Objective:The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity in children and the type of diseases associated with it. Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between July to September, 2020. The target audience was the parents of children who were overweight.The questionnaire was designed to primarily gather information related to socio-demographic characteristics and correlation of obesity with the diseases. The questionnaire comprised of total number of 14 questions. The responses were recorded and evaluated through the application of scientific algorithms. Results and Discussions:It was established, that out of the total sample size of 346, around 38% of children were obese and were suffering rom associated comorbid diseases, ranging from anxiety, depression, eating disorder, social isolation, lower education attainment, asthma, constipation, flat feet, backpain, Type 1 and 2 diabetes and precocious puberty. Conclusion:The study presented a worrisome situation of escalating trends of obesity prevalence in children, along with the associated non- communicable diseases. There is need to introduce awareness campaigns along with the measures to promote people to adopt the healthy lifestyles.&nbsp

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally to more than 62 million persons with overwhelming impact to the healthcare systems and chronic ill patients worldwide. In this study, our aim was to assess the satisfaction of surgical patients regarding their routine clinic visits during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study using a structured interview with questionnaire in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia with a sample size of 518. Descriptive analysis was performed by using IBM SPSS version 17 (Chicago: SPSS Inc.). The results showed thatmost of the participants did not visit their scheduled surgical clinics during the COVID-19 pandemic and most of the ones who visited were very dissatisfied with the services they received. Accordingly, approaches to implement precautionary measures against COVID-19 and long-distance communication such as telemedicine, when properly instituted, can have a wider impact during this pandemic and in the future ones. &nbsp

Objectives:To assess the prevalence and awareness of dental problems during pregnancy, and to ascertain the risk factors that lead to dental problems in pregnancy. Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted. Patients who were currently pregnant or had been pregnant were selected, and questioned on the frequency and type of dental problems during pregnancy, treatment availed and systemic problems. Recorded data was analysed using SPSS version 17. Results: A total of 64.5% of patients experienced dental problems during pregnancy. Dental caries was the most frequent problem (50.7%), followed by gingivitis (48.4%). Only 14% of patients availed dental treatment. Presence of systemic diseases and low oral hygiene scores were associated with significantly higher incidence of dental problems. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that several pregnant women experience dental problems during pregnancy, however, many perceive that they have normal to good oral hygiene. Low oral hygiene status and systemic problems were more significantly associated with dental problems during pregnancy.

Statement of problem:Prosthodontics has received significant attention both in research and practice. However, limited research examines its prevalence and how effective it is. Purpose:The purpose of this clinical study is to examine the prevalence of prosthodontics and its associated complications Material and methods:A sample of 1005 individuals derived from the general Saudi Arabia was used in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using SPSS. Results:There is a generally low prevalence of prosthodontics in Saudi Arabia. The common type of prosthodontics used is the fixed prosthodontics. Majority of those who have done prosthodontics didnt suffer any associated complications. However, for those who depicted complications, the common one was caries. Other complications include root fracture and porcelain veneer fracture. Conclusion:Prosthodontics is not widely used. On the other hand, it is not 100% effective in treating oral health problems. Clinical implications:There is need to develop better ways of dealing with poor oral health and patients need to be examined well to determine the underlying risk factors before prosthodontics is carried out.&nbsp

Purpose:The study examines the prevalence of Bulimia nervosa in students at King Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia.Bulimia nervosaisan eating disorder characterized by consumption of large amounts of food by an individual followed by an attempt such as self-induced vomiting, long periods of exercising, and diuretics to avoid gaining weight. Patients and Method:The study adopted a cross-sectional survey among King Abdulaziz University students in Saudi Arabia. A sample of 499 comprising 357 females and 142 males was randomly selectedparticipants—the age of the sample population aged between 20 to over 55 years. The participants filled questionnaires about eating behavior, smoking, body image, andpsychiatrist disorders. The height and weight of the sample population were taken, and their BMI was established. Results:Based on our statistics, the prevalence of bulimia nervosa among the male was 0.3%, and that of the female was 1.4%. Extra observation revealed that those with mild or severe disorders were equally susceptible to depression and mood swing problems. The prevalence of Bulimia nervosa based on ages showed 80/50000 at 10 -30 years and 145/50000 at 31 – 80 years. The clinically prescribed healing period was idealized to be one year. Conclusion:The results show a comparatively high rate of BN among young people aged between 20 and 25, as reflected among King Abdulaziz University students in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, there is a need to increase public awareness about BN and other eating disorders in Saudi Arabia.&nbsp

Objective:We attempted toassess the prevalence of malocclusion, in terms of age and gender in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. We also attempted to identify the predominant risk factors for malocclusion and consequences of the same. Methods:A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted. Patients were questioned on heredity, childhood adverse oral habits and feeding habits. Questions pertaining to dental history and current oral health were also asked. Recorded data was analysed using SPSS version 17. Results:Malocclusion was more prevalent in males and below 20 years of age. Tongue thrusting increased the risk of malocclusion by 59%, bottle feeding by 18%, while heredity increased malocclusion risk by 98%. Malocclusion increased the chances of developing dental caries or periodontal disease by 26%, while the risk of dental or facial trauma was increased by 86%. Conclusion:Heredity and tongue thrust habit are the most significant risk factors for malocclusion. Patients with malocclusion are at high risk of developing dental or facial trauma, and are at slight risk of developing caries or periodontal problems.&nbsp

Introduction:The apical periodontitis possesses an association with the increased inflammatory markers levels, which contribute to the systematic immune response, leading towards systematic inflammation. The endodontic infections were reported to contribute to the CVD via the metastatic pathways however, there is a requirement to analyse the impact of endodontic infections on the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Aim:This research aims to assess the impact of endodontic infections on the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Material andMethod:This research was conducted using a cross-sectional research design by recruiting N=120 inpatients and outpatients visiting the healthcare organisation located in Saudi Arabia. Results:The endodontic infections are likely to increase the overall inflammatory burden, which might increase the risk of CVD among the individuals. Due to the multifactorial aetiology of CVD, the oral diseases are perceived to possess associated with the CVD. Thestatistical analysis revealed that there is no association between the presence of the lesion of endodonticorigin and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion:There is no association between the presence of the lesion of endodonticorigin and cardiovascular diseases.

Background:Vitiligo is acquired condition of skin and hair depigmentation that characterized by the appearance of pale macules or hypochromic pigment. Vitiligo is not a life-threatening situation however it affects patients health-related quality of life and psychological well-being. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi population besides, Most common place of first spot of vitiligo, and the relationship between some medical conditions and vitiligo. Methodology:This is an analytical cross-sectional studyconducted in kingdom ofSaudiArabia(General population and vitiligo patient) from04/08/2020 till 22/11/2020. The study was depending on using of online questionnaire assessing demographic factors including age and nationality besides disease-related information: Heart disease, Smoker patient, related risk factors of disease and DM patient. Results:We had received 875 responses of our questionnaire, where the prevalence of vitiligo was 3.5 % where 51.6 % of them were male. Moreover, 51.6 % of them were below 25 years old, 19.4 % were between 25 – 30 years old and 12.9 % were between 31 – 35 years old. Furthermore, most of them were Saudi Arabian (93.5 %).Moreover, most of patients indicated that they were patients with vitiligo for more than 5 years (61.3 %) while the first spot of vitiligo was above eyes (22.6 %), hands (19.4 %), Armpits (12.9 %) and knee (12.9 %) Conclusion:We had found that the prevalence of vitiligo in Saudi Arabia was high than reported by other studies where male are slightly more affected by the diseases and those of younger age. Face and hand are the most common spots of vitiligo. Moreover, smoking, diabetes mellitus and thyroid disorders may have effect in increased incidence of vitiligo. &nbsp

Background: Asthma is a common airway disease among both adults and children. Therefore, it constitutes a global public health problem. Asthma is not curable, though the treatment can control the symptoms. Methodology: This was an analytical cross-sectional study that included 2015 participants who completed an online questionnaire within the period from March 17/ 2020 until July 30/ 2020, and covered the different regions of Saudi Arabia. Results: A total of 2015 participants, 51.2% of them were females, and the majority of the 73.3% were non-smokers. The prevalence of bronchial asthma among this population was 13.9%. These results demonstrated significant associations between family history (P=0.000), other allergic conditions (P=0.000) and passive smoking (P=0.002) and the incidence of bronchial asthma. The region also was significantly associated with the prevalence of bronchial asthma (P=0.002), as the central region ranked with the highest prevalence (17.8%). Conclusion: This study estimated a low prevalence among the adult population in the different regions of Saudi Arabia. The study indicated that the asthmatic patients were mainly irritated due to the following factors; air pollution, strong odors, fumes, common cold and sinusitis, tobacco smoking, and the weather changes. Most of the asthmatic patients inhabited the central region of Saudi Arabia.

This study aims to assess the prevalence of bariatric surgeries and their associated complications in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methods and sample: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 1636 persons of the general population through an online questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using OpenEpi. Data was then entered and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Descriptive statistics were displayed as frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Results: Our study found that only 271 (16.6%) out of 1636 had a personal history of bariatric surgery, while those with a family history were 1202 (73.5%). Sleeve gastrectomy was found to be the most common procedure (233 cases) (86%), followed by Stomach balloon surgery (15 cases) (5.5%) and Gastric bypass (13 cases) (4.8%). The most common complications noted were Vitamin Deficiency (32.1%) and the formation of gall stones (9.6%). Conclusion: Our data indicate the prevalence of bariatric surgeries in Saudi society and confirm the previously noted postoperative complications, especially nutritional deficiencies and gallstones.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disorder in childhood. Early identification and appropriate antibiotic use are essential to avoid long-term sequels. The trial objective was to identify the prevalence of URI in children, and the risk factors. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in the Saudi Arabia, from April 4th 2020 till July 30th 2020. The sample was randomly selected from children who presented to the ministry of health tertiary hospitals. People answered a questionnaire of 10 items. Results: 1083 people participated in the current trial. The prevalence of UTI was 25.8%. The mean age was 4.5-5 years. UTI was commoner in females than males. Urethritis was the main presenting complaint. Western region was the commonest identified area. Those with multivitamin deficiency had the highest prevalence. Conclusion: UTI is not a very common problem for children in Saudi Arabia. Western region had the highest prevalence and the peak age ranged from 4.5 to 5 years. Additionally, nearly a sixth of children could develop severe/complicated UTI.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the prevalence of convulsions in children attending Pediatrics Emergency, Maternity and Children's Hospital of Arar City, and etiologies behind them in relation to demographical and clinical properties of the sample. Methods: A cross-sectional study on 243 convulsive cases whose data was derived from the hospital records. The data was collected in the form of a checklist including age, sex, nature of seizure, fever, history of head trauma, epilepsy, infectious diseases, previous history and family history of seizures and the final diagnosis was fulfilled. Results: Over half of the cases (51.9%) were males with continuing predominance in all relevant causes except in cases pertaining to elevated blood glucose and cerebral atrophy (100% females). FS (febrile seizure) was found to be the most common cause (76.1%) followed by epilepsy (17.3%), and then vaccine-associated convulsions in 5.1%. There was a strong significant correlation between convulsions and age group (P Conclusion: Our study places emphasis on the results presented by their precedent literature in Arar; it found high prevalence of convulsions among children aged up to 3 years old with FS (Febrile seizures) being the most common cause out of all.

Introduction: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic and autoimmune disorder caused by inflammatory T-cells response to the gluten-containing proteins. This disease may be expressed due to genetic predisposition, an autoimmune disorder, or environmental factors. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that included only the pediatric population and aimed to determine the prevalence and complications of CD among children. A predesigned self-administered questionnaire was constructed by the researcher; it covered the socio-demographic data, the patients’ clinical data, including their state, the possible complications of the disease, and the diabetic patients. Results: A total of 729 children were included, 63.1% were females, and the ones aging above ten years ranked with 31.7%. The prevalence of CD was 32.4%, and only 11.2% were diabetic. More than half of this population did not suffer any complications at all (54.7%), while malnutrition and bone weakening were the most common complications with (27.8%) and (15.5%), respectively. Conclusion: There is a relatively low prevalence of CD among children. The majority of our population did not suffer any complications. Furthermore, malnutrition and bone weakening constituted the most frequent complications among the patients.

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR)