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Rhizopus stolonifer is one of the main pathogens in postharvest storage logistics of more than 100 kinds of fruit, such as strawberries, tomatoes and melons. In this paper, the research on the morphology and detection, pathogenicity and infection mechanism of Rhizopus stolonifer was reviewed. The control methods of Rhizopus stolonifer in recent years was summarized from three dimensions of physics, chemistry and biology, including the nanomaterials, biological metabolites, light control bacteria, etc. Future direction of postharvest Rhizopus stolonifer infection control was analyzed from two aspects of pathogenic mechanism research and new composite technology. The information provided in this review will help researchers and technicians to deepen their understanding of the pathogenicity of Rhizopus stolonifer, and develop more effective control methods in the future.

Abstract The water resources of the Third Pole (TP), highly sensitive to climate change and glacier melting, significantly impact the water and food security of millions in Asia. However, projecting future spatial‐temporal runoff changes for TP's mountainous basins remains a formidable challenge. Here, we've leveraged the long short‐term memory model (LSTM) to craft a grid‐scale artificial intelligence (AI) model named LSTM‐grid. This model has enabled the production of hydrological projections for the seven major river basins of TP. The LSTM‐grid model integrates monthly precipitation, air temperature, and total glacier mass changes (total_GMC) data at a 0.25‐degree model grid. Training the LSTM‐grid model employed gridded historical monthly runoff and evapotranspiration data sets generated by an observation‐constrained cryosphere‐hydrology model at the headwaters of seven TP river basins during 2000–2017. Our results demonstrate the LSTM grid's effectiveness and usefulness, exhibiting a Nash‐Sutcliffe Efficiency coefficient exceeding 0.92 during the verification periods (2013–2017). Moreover, river basins in the monsoon region exhibited a higher rate of runoff increase compared to those in the westerlies region. Intra‐annual projections indicated notable increases in spring runoff, especially in basins where glacier meltwater significantly contributes to runoff. Additionally, the LSTM‐grid model aptly captures the runoff changes before and after the turning points of glacier melting, highlighting the growing influence of precipitation on runoff after reaching the maximum total_GMC. Therefore, the LSTM‐grid model offers a fresh perspective for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of water resources in high‐mountain glacial regions by tapping into AI's potential to drive scientific discovery and provide reliable data.

Riemannian geometry-based classification (RGBC) gained popularity in the field of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) lately, due to its ability to deal with non-stationarities arising in electroencephalography (EEG) data. Domain adaptation, however, is most often performed on sample covariance matrices (SCMs) obtained from EEG data, and thus might not fully account for components affecting covariance estimation itself, such as regional trends. Detrended cross-correlation analysis (DCCA) can be utilized to estimate the covariance structure of such signals, yet it is computationally expensive in its original form. A recently proposed online implementation of DCCA, however, allows for its fast computation and thus makes it possible to employ DCCA in real-time applications. In this study we propose to replace the SCM with the DCCA matrix as input to RGBC and assess its effect on offline and online BCI performance. First we evaluated the proposed decoding pipeline offline on previously recorded EEG data from 18 individuals performing left and right hand motor imagery (MI), and benchmarked it against vanilla RGBC and popular MI-detection approaches. Subsequently, we recruited eight participants (with previous BCI experience) who operated an MI-based BCI (MI-BCI) online using the DCCA-enhanced Riemannian decoder. Finally, we tested the proposed method on a public, multi-class MI-BCI dataset. During offline evaluations the DCCA-based decoder consistently and significantly outperformed the other approaches. Online evaluation confirmed that the DCCA matrix could be computed in real-time even for 22-channel EEG, as well as subjects could control the MI-BCI with high command delivery (normalized Cohen's κ: 0.7409 ± 0.1515) and sample-wise MI detection (normalized Cohen's κ: 0.5200 ± 0.1610). Post-hoc analysis indicated characteristic connectivity patterns under both MI conditions, with stronger connectivity in the hemisphere contralateral to the MI task. Additionally, fractal scaling exponent of neural activity was found increased in the contralateral compared to the ipsilateral motor cortices (C4 and C3 for left and right MI, respectively) in both classes. Combining DCCA with Riemannian geometry-based decoding yields a robust and effective decoder, that not only improves upon the SCM-based approach but can also provide relevant information on the neurophysiological processes behind MI.

Weaned stress may damage the tissue development, barrier function, and balance of microbiota of gut, resulting in the diarrhea and reduced growth performance of piglets. Probiotics with excellent characteristics can enhance the resistance of piglets to weaned stress. Under a poor sanitary condition, the Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) SLZX19-12 was supplemented to check its effects for piglets. Results showed that supplementation of L. reuteri significantly decreased the diarrhea incident, improved the growth performance, and enhanced the barrier integrity of gut. In ileum, L. reuteri decreased inflammation by NFκB p65 pathway, increased propionate, TCDCA, and THDCA contents, and regulated microbiota. In colon, L. reuteri decreased the inflammation by NFκB p65 pathway, reduced DCA content, and regulated microbiota. Therefore, the supplementation of L. reuteri may alleviate weaned stress by improving immune function and regulating the gut microbiota in piglets.

Objective: To further evaluate the connection between obesity and Parkinson's disease, we utilized A body shape index which normalizes waist circumference for Body mass index. Derived from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Based on National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005 to 2018, this study included 31,933 adult participants in total. First, all the participants were divided into the Parkinson's disease group and non-Parkinson's disease group, respectively. Next, according to their quartiles of A body shape index levels, they were further classified into Q1 group (0.058–0.077), Q2 group (0.078–0.081), Q3 group (0.082–0.084), and Q4 group (0.085–0.117). A body shape index was the primary exposure, while Parkinson's disease was the primary outcome. A body shape index is defined by waist circumference divided by Body mass index2/3 × height1/2, and the expected value of waist circumference based on height and weight derived empirically from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Consequently, A body shape index and Parkinson's disease were analyzed through multifactor logistic regression. Results: According to the unadjusted multivariate logistic analysis, the Q4 group had a greater likelihood of acquiring Parkinson's disease than the Q1 group [OR = 4.519, 95% CI: 3.094–6.600; P

The temporally asymmetric effects of vegetation growth response to climate, e.g., time-lag, time-accumulation, and their combination effects, have been widely reported. However, their elevation-dependent spatial distribution patterns in alpine basins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau remain unclear, especially in different seasons. This study investigated the temporal response of vegetation to precipitation and temperature throughout the whole growing season and its two subphases (growth phase and senescence phase) in the Lhasa River Basin (LRB). The results showed that alpine vegetation responds to climate in all seasons with obvious time-accumulation and relatively weak time-lag, and during the senescence phase and whole growing season, there is no significant lag in vegetation response to both precipitation and temperature, while the accumulation is about 3 ∼ 4 weeks and 2 weeks, respectively. Comparatively, there are enhanced lag and accumulation during the growth phase, with a similar lag of about 2 weeks, and 6-week and 4-week accumulation for precipitation and temperature, respectively. The whole LRB is subdivided into four elevation zones, each with different hydrothermal condition and temporal response characteristic. Across different elevation zones, it is found that stronger water-deficit stress on vegetation results in shorter lag and longer accumulation to precipitation, while stronger heat-deficit stress leads to shorter lag and accumulation to temperature, which is determined by both the vegetation’s hydrothermal demands and ambient environment. These findings shed light on the relationship between vegetation and climate and provide potential theoretical support for vegetation conservation in alpine basins.

Determining sources of uncertainty in the agricultural water supply helps to increase irrigation scheduling accuracy. Evaporation and transpiration, sensitivity coefficient of water tension, cultivation costs, product price and water allocated to plants are among the main sources of uncertainty in the simulation process. This study was conducted to estimate the fluctuations of the response due to the uncertainty of four parameters of soil moisture, water provided for cultivation, cost of cultivation during the growing season, and coefficient of sensitivity to drought. In the concept of water and food nexus, two basic factors, including increasing economic productivity and achieving maximum product production, are known as decision criteria. Therefore, mathematical modeling of net income and the ratio of actual and potential yield production has been prepared according to the four uncertain input variables of the problem. The proposed model has used a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate the best values of non-deterministic variables. The results of the uncertainty analysis showed that the range of changes in performance and net profit compared to the coefficient of sensitivity to water stress has different ranges and mechanisms and knowing the nature of each helps to improve the responses. HIGHLIGHTS The fluctuations of the response due to the uncertainty of four parameters of soil moisture, water provided for cultivation, and cultivation cost were evaluated.; Mathematical modeling of net income and the ratio of actual and potential yield production has been prepared according to the four uncertain input variables.;

Abstract Background Domestication and introduction of dairy animals facilitated the permanent human occupation of the Tibetan Plateau. Yet the history of dairy pastoralism in the Tibetan Plateau remains poorly understood. Little is known how Tibetans adapted to milk and dairy products. Results We integrated archeological evidence and genetic analysis to show the picture that the dairy ruminants, together with dogs, were introduced from West Eurasia into the Tibetan Plateau since ~ 3600 years ago. The genetic admixture between the exotic and indigenous dogs enriched the candidate lactase persistence (LP) allele 10974A > G of West Eurasian origin in Tibetan dogs. In vitro experiments demonstrate that − 13838G > A functions as a LP allele in Tibetans. Unlike multiple LP alleles presenting selective signatures in West Eurasians and South Asians, the de novo origin of Tibetan-specific LP allele − 13838G > A with low frequency (~ 6–7%) and absence of selection corresponds − 13910C > T in pastoralists across eastern Eurasia steppe. Conclusions Results depict a novel scenario of genetic and cultural adaptations to diet and expand current understanding of the establishment of dairy pastoralism in the Tibetan Plateau.

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the combined administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs before and during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and to explore its efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients with severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Methods This retrospective case series included consecutive patients who underwent PPV. Patients were categorized into two groups: the preoperative group was injected with anti-VEGF drugs before PPV, and the combination group was injected with anti-VEGF drugs before and during PPV. Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative clinical data were collected for analysis. The main outcome measures were changes in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT) and occurrence of postoperative vitreous cavity haemorrhage (POVCH). Results In total, 63 eyes of 60 patients with severe PDR were analysed. The operative duration and occurrence of intraoperative haemorrhage, iatrogenic retinal breaks, and silicone oil tamponade were similar between the two groups. The benefits on BCVA, and CRT after 1 week postoperatively, were more obvious in the combination group (P

Abstract Background The international Dog10K project aims to sequence and analyze several thousand canine genomes. Incorporating 20 × data from 1987 individuals, including 1611 dogs (321 breeds), 309 village dogs, 63 wolves, and four coyotes, we identify genomic variation across the canid family, setting the stage for detailed studies of domestication, behavior, morphology, disease susceptibility, and genome architecture and function. Results We report the analysis of > 48 M single-nucleotide, indel, and structural variants spanning the autosomes, X chromosome, and mitochondria. We discover more than 75% of variation for 239 sampled breeds. Allele sharing analysis indicates that 94.9% of breeds form monophyletic clusters and 25 major clades. German Shepherd Dogs and related breeds show the highest allele sharing with independent breeds from multiple clades. On average, each breed dog differs from the UU_Cfam_GSD_1.0 reference at 26,960 deletions and 14,034 insertions greater than 50 bp, with wolves having 14% more variants. Discovered variants include retrogene insertions from 926 parent genes. To aid functional prioritization, single-nucleotide variants were annotated with SnpEff and Zoonomia phyloP constraint scores. Constrained positions were negatively correlated with allele frequency. Finally, the utility of the Dog10K data as an imputation reference panel is assessed, generating high-confidence calls across varied genotyping platform densities including for breeds not included in the Dog10K collection. Conclusions We have developed a dense dataset of 1987 sequenced canids that reveals patterns of allele sharing, identifies likely functional variants, informs breed structure, and enables accurate imputation. Dog10K data are publicly available.

Abstract Background Cat-scratch disease typically presents with various ocular manifestations such as uveitis, vitritis, retinitis, retinochoroiditis, and optic neuritis. However, fundus nodular lesions was rarely reported. In our study, we reported a case of Cat-Scratch disease with binocular fundus nodular lesions. Case presentation An 11-year old male presented with uveitis in the right eye and bilateral fundus nodular lesions after indirect contact with unvaccinated cats. Comprehensive ancillary examinations including wide-angle fundus photography, ultrasonography, fluorescein fundus angiography, optical coherence tomography, and orbital magnetic resonance imaging were performed to elucidate the multidimensional features of the binocular lesions. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing was utilized to confirm the diagnosis of Cat-scratch disease. The patient’s condition showed improvement after a 6-month combination treatment regimen involving systemic administration of doxycycline hyclate and methylprednisolone tablets, as well as local application of mydriatic and corticosteroid eye drops. Conclusions We firstly reported a case of Cat-scratch disease presenting simultaneously with uveitis and fundus nodular lesions caused by Bartonella henselae infection in a child. Timely diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics and corticosteroids showed promising outcomes for the prognosis of these ocular disorders.

The application of biochar to improve the quality of saline soils has attracted widespread attention. However, the impact of saline soil amendments with biochar prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted a two-year (2022–2023) field experiment in the Hetao Irrigation District, China, to evaluate the effects of the biochar pyrolysis temperature (C1: 300 °C, C2: 500 °C, and C3: 700 °C) and application rate (T1: 10 t/ha and T2: 20 t/ha) on the soil quality and maize yield. The results indicated that (1) all biochar treatments significantly decreased the soil bulk density and increased the soil porosity; (2) treatment C3T1 significantly increased the soil moisture content and decreased soil salinity. The C3T2 treatment significantly increased the soil’s organic carbon content, and the soil’s available phosphorus content was greatest in the C1T2 treatment. (3) The maize yield increased linearly with the soil quality index (SQI), which was attributed mainly to improvements in the soil water–salt conditions and increases in the soil organic carbon content. In summary, biochar produced at high pyrolysis temperatures, when applied at a low application rate (C3T1), can result in high corn yields and improve saline soil quality.

The prediction of vessel trajectories plays a crucial role in ensuring maritime safety and reducing maritime accidents. Substantial progress has been made in trajectory prediction tasks by adopting sequence modeling methods, containing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and sequence-to-sequence networks (Seq2Seq). However, (1) most of these studies focus on the application of trajectory information, such as the longitude, latitude, course, and speed, while neglecting the impact of differing vessel features and behavioral preferences on the trajectories. (2) Challenges remain in acquiring these features and preferences, as well as enabling the model to sensibly integrate and efficiently express them. To address the issue, we introduce a novel deep framework VEPO-S2S, consisting of a Multi-level Vessel Trajectory Representation Module (Multi-Rep) and a Feature Fusion and Decoding Module (FFDM). Apart from the trajectory information, we first defined the Multi-level Vessel Characteristics in Multi-Rep, encompassing Shallow-level Attributes (vessel length, width, draft, etc.) and Deep-level Features (Sailing Location Preference, Voyage Time Preference, etc.). Subsequently, Multi-Rep was designed to obtain trajectory information and Multi-level Vessel Characteristics, applying distinct encoders for encoding. Next, the FFDM selected and integrated the above features from Multi-Rep for prediction by employing both a priori and a posteriori mechanisms, a Feature Fusion Component, and an enhanced decoder. This allows the model to efficiently leverage them and enhance overall performance. Finally, we conducted comparative experiments with several baseline models. The experimental results demonstrate that VEPO-S2S is both quantitatively and qualitatively superior to the models.

The accuracy of cosmic ray observations by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov/Fluorescence Telescope Array (LHAASO-WFCTA) is influenced by variations in aerosols in the atmosphere. The solar photometer (CE318-T) is extensively utilized within the Aerosol Robotic Network as a highly precise and reliable instrument for aerosol measurements. With this CE318-T 23, 254 sets of valid data samples over 394 days from October 2020 to October 2022 at the LHAASO site were obtained. Data analysis revealed that the baseline Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and Ångström Exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm (AE440–870nm) of the aerosols were calculated to be 0.03 and 1.07, respectively, suggesting that the LHAASO site is among the most pristine regions on Earth. The seasonality of the mean AOD is in the order of spring > summer > autumn = winter. The monthly average maximum of AOD440nm occurred in April (0.11 ± 0.05) and the minimum was in December (0.03 ± 0.01). The monthly average of AE440–870nm exhibited slight variations. The seasonal characterization of aerosol types indicated that background aerosol predominated in autumn and winter, which is the optimal period for the absolute calibration of the WFCTA. Additionally, the diurnal daytime variations of AOD and AE across the four seasons are presented. Our analysis also indicates that the potential origins of aerosol over the LHAASO in four seasons were different and the atmospheric aerosols with higher AOD probably originate mainly from Northern Myanmar and Northeast India regions. These results are presented for the first time, providing a detailed analysis of aerosol seasonality and origins, which have not been thoroughly documented before in this region, also enriching the valuable materials on aerosol observation in the Hengduan Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.

Abstract Introduction To investigate the prevalence of fundus tessellation (FT), and the threshold for screening FT using an artificial intelligence (AI) technology in Chinese children. Methods The Nanjing Eye Study was a population-based cohort study conducted in children born between September 2011 and August 2012 in Yuhuatai District of Nanjing. The data presented in this paper were obtained in 2019, when these children were 7 years old and underwent 45° non-mydriatic fundus photography. FT in whole fundus, macular area, and peripapillary area was manually recognized from fundus photographs and classified into three grades. Fundus tessellation density (FTD) in these areas was obtained by calculating the average exposed choroid area per unit area using artificial intelligence (AI) technology based on fundus photographs. The threshold for screening FT using FTD was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Among 1062 enrolled children (mean [± standard deviation] spherical equivalent: − 0.28 ± 0.70 D), the prevalence of FT was 42.18% in the whole fundus (grade 1: 36.53%; grade 2: 5.08%; grade 3: 0.56%), 45.57% in macular area (grade 1: 43.5%; grade 2: 1.60%; grade 3: 0.50%), and 49.72% in peripapillary area (grade 1: 44.44%; grade 2: 4.43%; grade 3: 0.85%), respectively. The threshold value of FTD for screening severe FT (grade ≥ 2) was 0.049 (area under curve [AUC] 0.985; sensitivity 98.3%; specificity 92.3%) in the whole fundus, 0.069 (AUC 0.987; sensitivity 95.5%; specificity 96.2%) in the macular area, and 0.094 (AUC 0.980; sensitivity 94.6%; specificity 94.2%) in the peripapillary area, respectively. Conclusion Fundus tessellation affected approximately 40 in 100 children aged 7 years in China, indicating the importance and necessity of early FT screening. The threshold values of FTD provided by this study had high accuracy for detecting severe FT and might be applied for rapid screening.

According to the characteristics of acid mine drainage in the Shandi River Basin of Yangquan City, acid mine drainage with low pH value and high Fe2+ and Mn2+ concentration was prepared. Carbon steel slag was used to treat it, so as to investigate the factors influencing the removal rate and discuss the removal mechanism. The results show that the removal rate of Fe2+ by steel slag is as high as 98.72%, and the removal rate of Mn2+ is only 39.79%. After the treatment of acid mine drainage, Fe(OH)3 is produced on the surface of steel slag, but no new Mn-containing substances are produced, which proves that the removal of Fe2+ is dominated by chemical reactions, and the removal of Mn2+ is dominated by adsorption.

As an important means to control the hard roof, presplitting blasting is the main measure for controlling rock burst disaster in the key strata of the deep mine in the west. Taking the typical thick and hard key layer, Menkeqing Coal Mine as the analysis object, the mechanical and FLAC3D numerical models of roof presplitting blasting energy release are established. The structural characteristics and evolution laws of key layers during mining operations are analyzed, and the mechanism of rock burst behavior in thick and hard key layers is revealed. The influence of combined blasting scheme on the evolution law of roof stress field and energy field was studied. The engineering practice and the control effect of presplitting blasting on roof were carried out and evaluated. The results show that (1) in view of the characteristics of “difficult to collapse and strong energy storage” of composite thick and hard key strata in a deep stope, the targeted low-high combined blasting measures can realize the transformation of overburden structure from “F” type to “Γ” type, effectively shorten the exposed length of key strata, reduce the in-plane static load stress, weaken the dynamic load strength, and reduce the impact risk. (2) After adopting the low-high combined blasting measures, the maximum vertical stress reduction on both sides and above the goaf is 70% and 90%, respectively, and the energy release is up to 106 J, which greatly reduced the stress concentration inside the coal body and weakened the energy intensity when the overlying strata structure in the goaf was broken. (3) The total energy and frequency of microseismic events during the mining period, as well as the pressure strength and pressure step of the support, were significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the combined roof presplitting blasting technology in preventing and controlling rock burst was verified by FLAC3D numerical simulation and field monitoring. The research results have been successfully applied to the Menkeqing Coal Mine.

We study the transverse momentum (pT) spectra of neutral pions and identified charged hadrons produced in proton–proton (pp), deuteron–gold (d–Au), and gold–gold (Au–Au) collisions at the center of mass energy sNN=200 GeV. The study is made in the framework of a multisource thermal model used in the partonic level. It is assumed that the contribution to the pT-value of any hadron comes from two or three partons with an isotropic distribution of the azimuthal angle. The contribution of each parton to the pT-value of a given hadron is assumed to obey any one of the standard (Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein) distributions with the kinetic freeze-out temperature and average transverse flow velocity. The pT spectra of the final-state hadrons can be fitted by the superposition of two or three components. The results obtained from our Monte Carlo method are used to fit the experimental results of the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations. The results of the present work serve as a suitable reference baseline for other experiments and simulation studies.

Background One reason patients with cancer cannot benefit from immunotherapy is the lack of immune cell infiltration in tumor tissues. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are emerging as central players in immune regulation that shapes tumor microenvironment (TME). Earlier we reported that integrin α5 was enriched in CAFs in colorectal cancer (CRC), however, its role in TME and cancer immunotherapy remains unclear. Here, we aimed to investigate the role for integrin α5 in fibroblasts in modulating antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy combined with checkpoint blockade in CRC.Methods We analyzed the CRC single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) database to define the expression of ITGA5 in CRC tumor stroma. Experimentally, we carried out in vivo mouse tumor xenograft models to confirm the targeting efficacy of combined α5β1 inhibition and anti-Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade and in vitro cell-co-culture assay to investigate the role of α5 in fibroblasts in affecting T-cell activity. Clinically, we analyzed the association between α5 expression and infiltrating T cells and evaluated their correlation with patient survival and immunotherapy prognosis in CRC.Results We revealed that ITGA5 was enriched in FAP-CAFs. Both ITGA5 knockout fibroblasts and therapeutic targeting of α5 improved response to anti-PD-L1 treatment in mouse subcutaneous tumor models. Mechanistically, these treatments led to increased tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we found that α5 in fibroblasts correlated with extracellular matrix (ECM)-related genes and affected ECM deposition in CRC tumor stroma. Both in vivo analysis and in vitro culture and cell killing experiment showed that ECM proteins and α5 expression in fibroblasts influence T-cell infiltration and activity. Clinically, we confirmed that high α5 expression was associated with fewer CD3+ T and CD8+ T cells, and tissues with low α5 and high CD3+ T levels correlated with better patient survival and immunotherapy response in a CRC cohort with 29 patients.Conclusions Our study identified a role for integrin α5 in fibroblasts in modulating antitumor immunity by affecting ECM deposition and showed therapeutic efficacy for combined α5β1 inhibition and PD-L1 blockade in CRC.

Summary: The canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT) is a clonal cell-mediated cancer with a long evolutionary history and extensive karyotype rearrangements in its genome. However, little is known about its genetic similarity to human tumors. Here, using multi-omics data we identified 11 germline gene fusions (GGFs) in CTVT, which showed higher genetic susceptibility than others. Additionally, we illustrate a mechanism of a complex gene fusion of three gene segments (HSD17B4-DMXL1-TNFAIP8) that we refer to “greedy fusion”. Our findings also provided evidence that expressions of GGFs are downregulated during the tumor regressive phase, which is associated with DNA methylation level. This study presents a comprehensive landscape of gene fusions (GFs) in CTVT, which offers a valuable genetic resource for exploring potential genetic mechanisms underlying the development of cancers in both dogs and humans.

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the primary complication of diabetes mellitus. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that plays an important role in DN tubulointerstitial injury, but the specific molecular mechanism remains unclear. Here, we downloaded the DN tubulointerstitial datasets GSE104954 and GSE30529 from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We examined the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between DN patients and healthy controls, and 36 ferroptosis-related DEGs were selected. Pathway-enrichment analyses showed that many of these genes are involved in metabolic pathways, phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling. Ten of the 36 ferroptosis-related DEGs (CD44, PTEN, CDKN1A, DPP4, DUSP1, CYBB, DDIT3, ALOX5, VEGFA, and NCF2) were identified as key genes. Expression patterns for six of these (CD44, PTEN, DDIT3, ALOX5, VEGFA, and NCF2) were validated in the GSE30529 dataset. Nephroseq data indicated that the mRNA expression levels of CD44, PTEN, ALOX5, and NCF2 were negatively correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), while VEGFA and DDIT3 mRNA expression levels were positively correlated with GFR. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated altered immunity in DN patients. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis showed that ALOX5, PTEN, and NCF2 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated in high-glucose-treated human proximal tubular (HK-2) cells, while DDIT3 and VEGFA mRNA levels were significantly downregulated. Immunohistochemistry analysis of human renal biopsies showed positive staining for ALOX5 and NCF2 protein in DN samples but not the controls. These key genes may be involved in the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis in patients with DN, potentially through specific metabolic pathways and immune/inflammatory mechanisms.

IntroductionThis study explored the relationship between environmental polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and identified systemic inflammation as a mediator of the increased risk of COPD from PAHs.MethodsData were obtained from 60,936 middle-aged and older Americans recruited in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2016. Environmental PAHs were measured in terms of urinary concentrations of PAHs metabolites (NAP: 1-hydroxynaphthalene, FLU: 2-hydroxyfluorene, PA: 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, and PYR: 1-hydroxypyrene). We used multifactor logical analysis to figure out the link between PAHs and COPD, and the non-linear relationship was examined using Restricted cubic spline. Spearman correlation analysis was utilized to analyze the connection between PAHs and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII).ResultsThe results showed that the COPD population had higher NAP (3.550 vs. 3.282, p 1, p 0.05). Ultimately, the mediating effect analysis revealed a mediating effect capacity of 5.34% for the SII-mediated association between FLU and COPD.ConclusionThe findings suggest that the risk of COPD is significantly increased when environmental PAHs exposure is at high levels, and that systemic inflammation may be involved in the process.

This study was conducted to compare the effects of rumen-protected (RP-Leu) and unprotected L-leucine (RU-Leu) on the fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acid metabolism in vitro rumen batch incubation. The 5.00 g RP-Leu or RU-Leu products were incubated in situ in the rumen of four beef cattle (Bos taurus) and removed after 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 16, and 24 h to determine the rumen protection rate. In in vitro incubation, both RP-Leu and RU-Leu were supplemented 1.5 mmol/bottle (L-leucine HCl), and incubated after 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 16 h to measure gas production (GP), nutrient degradability, fermentation parameters, bacterial composition, and amino acids metabolism. Results from both in vitro and in situ experiments confirmed that the rumen protection rate was greater (p

C2H4 is used as an indicator gas to evaluate the spontaneous combustion process of coal, and the adsorption of C2H4 by coal will cause the decrease of C2H4 gas volume fraction in mine air, which in turn affects the accuracy of the assessment of the spontaneous combustion process of coal. In order to reveal the microscopic mechanism of C2H4 adsorption in bituminous coal, a molecular model of Wiser bituminous coal was constructed, and the adsorption process of C2H4 in the molecular model of bituminous coal at temperature of 293.15-313.15 K and pressure of 0.1-3 MPa was simulated using Monte Carlo method, and the changes of adsorption heat, adsorption potential energy and adsorption entropy during the adsorption process were analyzed. The results showed that the adsorption of C2H4 in bituminous coal molecules first increased rapidly with increasing pressure and then leveled off; the higher the temperature, the lower the adsorption of C2H4 when the pressure was the same; Langmuir-Freundlich model has the best fitting effect on C2H4 adsorption process, and the maximum adsorption a of C2H4 decreases with increasing temperature; the average heat of adsorption of C2H4 under different temperature conditions is 35.29-37.65 kJ/mol, indicating that the adsorption of C2H4 in bituminous coal is physical adsorption; the adsorption potential energy and entropy of C2H4 decreased

The beef cattle industry in China has advanced remarkably since its reform and opening up; consequently, China has become the world’s third-largest beef cattle producer. China is also one of the countries with the most substantial research input and output in the field of beef cattle feed and nutrition. The progress and innovation by China in the research field of beef cattle feed and nutrition have undoubtedly promoted the development of the domestic beef cattle industry. This review summarizes recent advances in feed resource development, nutrient requirements, and nutritional regulation of beef cattle in China. Limitations in current research and perspectives on future work are also discussed.

Abstract Introduction There is a high prevalence of intermittent exotropia and exophoria in myopic populations, and orthokeratology is one of the effective interventions to control myopia progression in children. However, it is still obscure whether intermittent exotropia and exophoria children could wear orthokeratology without experiencing aggravated lens decentration. Methods This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study. A total of 123 myopic participants aged 8–14 years were recruited, where conditions of deviation included intermittent exotropia, exophoria, and orthophoria. Uncorrected visual acuity and corneal topography data were obtained at baseline and after 1 month of wearing orthokeratology lens. Lens decentration was analyzed in a MATLAB program. Magnitude of deviation and refractive errors were evaluated prior to orthokeratology treatment. Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA test, and univariate and multivariate linear regression models were established to evaluate the role of magnitude of deviation in lens decentration. Results There was no significant difference in magnitude and direction of lens decentration among three groups (magnitude: F = 1.25, P = 0.289; direction: Fisher = 9.91, P = 0.078). According to scale division of decentration, 1 (2.6%) intermittent exotropia subject, 2 (3.8%) exophoria subjects, and 1 (3.0%) orthophoria subject experienced severe decentration (Fisher = 1.10, P = 0.947). Inferotemporal decentration was most common among all subjects (intermittent exotropia 50.0%, exophoria 76.9%, orthophoria 72.7%). Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses revealed that magnitude of deviation was not an independent risk factor for lens decentration [β = −0.00, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.01–0.00, P = 0.180], while surface asymmetry index (SAI) (β = 0.21, 95% CI 0.02–0.40, P = 0.028) and surface regularity index (SRI) (β = −0.39, 95% CI −0.66 to −0.13, P = 0.004) had significant correlation with polar decentration. Conclusion Patients with intermittent exotropia and exophoria exhibit non-aggravated lens decentration after orthokeratology application. Thus, lens decentration is not the concern for orthokeratology prescription.

In this work, the cementite spheroidization was realized by quenching and high-temperature tempering, which improved the anti-corrosion performance and strength of ferrite-pearlite low alloy steel. The spheroidized steel was composed of lath-shaped tempered ferrite matrix and nano-sized cementite particles, and the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed that grain refinement and dislocation strengthening of tempered ferrite were the reasons for its enhanced strength. The electrochemical and weight loss tests showed that the corrosion rate of the two steels increased with time due to the accumulation of cathodic cementite, which increased the cathodic-anode area ratio and enhanced the micro-galvanic effect. Compared to the as-received steel, the spheroidized steel demonstrated a slower corrosion rate during long-term immersion, which was attributed to the weaker micro-galvanic effect caused by reduced accumulation of cathodic cementite.

Yaks (Bos grunniens), indigenous to the harsh Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, are well adapted to the severe conditions, and graze natural pasture without supplements all year round. Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus), introduced to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau 1,700 years ago, are raised at a lower altitude than yaks, provided with shelter at night and offered supplements in winter. Based on their different backgrounds, we hypothesized that yaks have lower energy requirements for maintenance than cattle. To test this hypothesis, we measured average daily gain (ADG), apparent digestibilities, energy balance, rumen fermentation parameters, and serum metabolites in growing yaks and cattle offered diets differing in metabolizable energy (ME) levels (6.62, 8.02, 9.42 and 10.80 MJ/kg), but with the same crude protein concentration. Six castrated yaks (155 ± 5.8 kg) and 6 castrated Qaidam cattle (154 ± 8.0 kg), all 2.5 years old, were used in 2 concurrent 4 × 4 Latin square designs. Neutral and acid detergent fiber digestibilities were greater (P