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Objective: This study aims to improve the coagulation time, strength, and construction cost of magnesium phosphate cement. Methods: We analyzed the microstructure changes in the hardened magnesium phosphate cement paste through qualitative analysis, quantitative test, microscopic examination, and research regarding adding different concentrations of acetic acid on magnesium phosphate cement slurry time, effects of flow resistance, and mechanical properties. Results: When a moderate amount of AA was used, the setting time of MAPC mortar was significantly prolonged but was later reduced as the concentration increased. In the early phase, the degree of MAPC mortar hydration increased, whereas compressive strength significantly increased initially and increased slowly in the later phase. The crystal morphology and size of MAPC hydrates changed, and hardened MAPC became more compact in structure. The AA absorbed some ammonia in the MAPC condensation. Conclusion: Acetic acid can effectively regulate coagulation time, induce early hydration reaction rate, and improve the performance of magnesium phosphate cement, which can reduce the construction cost of magnesium phosphate cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have been implicated as mediators of intestinal inflammation. We investigated the hypothesis that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a glutathione (GSH) precursor attenuates disease progression in a murine dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model. A colitis model was induced by adding 5% DSS into the drinking water for 7 days. BALB/c mice were injiciatur enema with saline, 5-ASA, N-acetylcysteine, respectively, and free drinking water as control group. DSS-treated mice developed severe colitis as shown by bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and pathologic involvement. Colon lengths were significantly decreased in DSS-treated mice with decreased GSH activity too (P < 0.01). ROS in the colon, the level of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) in colonic mucosa, serum tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-alpha), MPO, and MDA were significantly increased in DSS-treated animals (P < 0.01), with decreased PON1 activity (P < 0.01). However, NAC significantly decreased colonic MPO activity, ROS, TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta levels and increased PON1 activity and GSH concentration. Moreover, NAC attenuated the macroscopic colonic damage and the histopathologic changes-induced by DSS while similar to 5-ASA group. These results suggest that NAC may be effective in the treatment of colitis through its up-regulating PON1 and scavenging oxygen-derived free radicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kallmann syndrome (KS) is an inherited developmental disorder defined as the association of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia or hyposmia. KS has been shown to be a genetically heterogeneous disease with different modes of inheritance. However, variants in any of the causative genes identified so far are only found in approximately one third of KS patients, thus indicating that other genes or pathways remain to be discovered. Here, we report a large Han Chinese family with inherited KS which harbors two novel variants, KAL1 c.146G>T (p.Cys49Phe) and mitochondrial tRNAcys (m.5800A>G). Although two variants can't exert obvious effects on the migration of GnRH neurons, they show the synergistic effect, which can account for the occurrence of the disorder in this family. Furthermore, the disturbance of the mitochondrial cysteinyl-tRNA pathway can significantly affect the migration of GnRH cells in vitro and in vivo by influencing the chemomigration function of anosmin-1. Our work highlights a new mode of inheritance underlay the genetic etiology of KS and provide valuable clues to understand the disease development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its extremely complex pathogenesis, no effective drugs to prevent, delay progression, or cure Alzheimer's disease (AD) exist at present. The main pathological features of AD are senile plaques composed of β-amyloid, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein, and degeneration or loss of neurons in the brain. Many risk factors associated with the onset of AD, including gene mutations, aging, traumatic brain injury, endocrine and cardiovascular diseases, education level, and obesity. Growing evidence points to chronic stress as one of the major risk factors for AD, as it can promote the onset and development of AD-related pathologies via a mechanism that is not well known. The use of murine stress models, including restraint, social isolation, noise, and unpredictable stress, has contributed to improving our understanding of the relationship between chronic stress and AD. This review summarizes the evidence derived from murine models on the pathological features associated with AD and the related molecular mechanisms induced by chronic stress. These results not only provide a retrospective interpretation for understanding the pathogenesis of AD, but also provide a window of opportunity for more effective preventive and identifying therapeutic strategies for stress-induced AD.

EP300-interacting inhibitor of differentiation 3 (EID3) is a member of the IED family and has been associated with tumorigenesis and tumor development in different cancer types. However, the role of EID3 in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) prognosis is not clear. Whole transcriptome sequencing data of 249 and 149 GBM patients were collected from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database respectively. The correlation between EID3 expression and overall survival (OS)/clinical pathologic features of GBM patients was investigated. Based on the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, EID3 expression in GBM tissues was significantly lower than in normal brain tissues (P < 0.001), and significantly higher than in LGG (low-grade glioma) (P < 0.001).There was a significant correlation between high EID3 expression with poor OS in CGGA (P = 0.049) and TCGA data (P = 0.024). Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) data analysis revealed a significant difference (FDR < 0.25, NOM p -value < 0.05) in the enrichment of MSigDB Collection (h.all.v6.2.symbols.gmt). A total of eight enriched pathways were identified in the high EID3 expression group, including Myc Targets V1, Kras signaling DN, and DNA repair pathways. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that high expression of EID3 correlated with poor OS (P = 0.032, HR = 1.41, CI: 1.03-1.90). We conclude that EID3 could serve as an independent factor for predicting the prognosis of patients with GBM. Moreover, it is associated with GBM development through the regulation of the Myc Targets, Kras signaling DN, and DNA repair pathways., Competing Interests: None., (IJCEP Copyright © 2020.)

In December 2019, some new and unexplained cases of pneumonia were found in Wuhan, Hubei province, China, and were later named as coronavirus disease 2019 by the World Health Organisation. The number of cases increased rapidly, and the virus spread continuously. Tens of thousands of medical staff throughout the country have since rushed to Wuhan to provide intensive medical treatment. Due to high levels of stress and work intensity, insufficient sleep and a lack of access to water after entering the isolation ward, staff may suffer from oral mucosal ulcers and other oral mucosal diseases. Police officers, community workers, family members in quarantine and even patients with mild coronavirus 2019, as well as those who have previously had oral mucosal disease, have also reported experiencing discomfort as a result of stress-induced oral mucosal disorders, such as recurrent aphthous ulcers, chronic cheilitis and oral lichen planus. This article will offer some suggestions for the prevention, treatment and care of the above-mentioned oral mucosal diseases during the fight against coronavirus 2019, focusing on measures to deal with the oral mucosal damage caused in response to stress.

Objective: To investigate the clinical effect of spanishneedles leaves on middle and severe xerophthalmia of menopausal females., Method: This study was a prospective random controlled trial. Ninty-six menopausal females diagnosed with xerophthalmnia (aged from 40 to 50) were randomly divided into in two groups: group A' the spanishneedles leaves group (n=48) and group B' the control group (n=48). Both groups were treated with Forte eye drops. All patients were detected at 3, 7, 28 h before and after treatment to evaluate subjective symptoms, OSDI and four tear film indicators. Variance analysis and differential analysis on sample average or median were made on both groups before and after treatment., Result: There were no significant difference in symptom and diction indicators between both groups before treatment. For 28 d after treatment, among middle and severe xerophthalmia samples of the spanishneedles leaves group, the mean differences showed significant improvement compared with that before treatment , OSDI and four tear film indicators also showed improvement to varying degrees. For 28 d after treatment, among middle and severe xerophthalmia samples of the vitamin C group, the mean differences showed no significant improvement compared with that before treatment , OSDI and four tear film indicators also showed no remarkable improvement. There were significant differences in OSDI, BUT, SIT, height of tear meniscus and FL between both groups., Conclusion: Spanishneedles leaves can effectively improve symposiums and signs of middle and severe xerophthalmia among menopausal females and thus showing clinical significance to some extent.

Zebrafish has recently become an emerging vertebrate model for circadian studies. Here we summarized recent advances in the field of zebrafish circadian research. The characteristics and advantages of zebrafish as a circadian model, as well as its time-keeping mechanisms, were highlighted. Because light and temperature as external time cues both play important roles in the circadian regulation of zebrafish, we focused on recent studies concerning the effects of light and temperature on circadian clock genes and circadian regulatory pathways in zebrafish. We also provided the perspectives on prospective zebrafish circadian studies.

Objective: To establish nude mice models with the liver metastases of colonic adenocarcinoma and study the effects of Geranium sibirum extracts on them., Methods: Nude mice liver metastases model of colonic cancer was established with human colonic cancer cells line( Ls 174t) inoculated into mice spleen. 36 nude mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, containing control group, Geranium sibirum extracts group and hydroxycamptothecine group. The weight and size of the mice and growth of the carcinoma were recorded. All specimens were examined histologically. pS2 in blood in nude mice with liver metastasis of colonic carcinoma was detected with nested RT-PCR., Results: The incidence of liver metastasis was 100% in this intrasplenic injection model. The pathological results showed that tumour cells of liver metastases were poorly differentiated human colonic adenocarcinoma. In Geranium sibirum extracts group, the tumor number and the weight of liver metastases were significantly lower than those in hydroxycamptothecine group (P < 0.05). Using semiquantitative examination,in Geranium sibirum extracts group,the relative value of pS2 expression in blood was significantly higher than that in hydroxycamptothecine group (P < 0.05)., Conclusion: Geranium sibirum extracts can effectively inhibit the occurrence of liver metastases carcinoma and decrease the positive expression of pS2, it also has better effect than hydroxycamptothecine so that Geranium sibirum extracts may become the potential therapeutic strategy for liver metatstases of colonic cancer.

Objective: To observe the influences of Jianwei Yuyang (JWYY) granules on expressions of PS2 and platelet activating factor (PAF), and analyze its potential mechanism., Methods: 76 gastric ulcer patients were final diagnosed by gastroscope. They were randomly devided into 3 groups, including JWYY group (36 cases), Ranitidine group (36 cases) and Normal group (12 cases). Detection on Biospy Specimens of gastric mucosa to obseve the change of PAF, PS2 and the contents of aninohexose and phosphatide in ulcerated gastric mucosa for Immunohischemical and Western blotting., Results: The contents of aninohexose, phosphatide of PU patients increased in JWYY group. There was significant difference between JWYY group and Ranitidine group (P < 0.01). The Immunohischemical and Western blotting methods showed that there was a linear correlation between the the contents of phosphatide, anino-hexose and the expression of PAF, PS2 in PU patients (P < 0.01)., Conclusion: JWYY granule can prevent the occurrence and relaps of ulcer and affect the hydrophobicity of gastic mucosa and strengthen the stability of myxo-gellayer by reducing the expression of PAF, elevating the expression of PS2 and effecting the contents of phosphatide and aninohexose, that may be one of the mechanisms of JWYY to heal ulcer quickly.

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is based on determining the drift velocities, which the ionized sample molecules attain in the weak electric field of a drift tube at atmospheric pressure. The drift behavior can be affected by structural differences of the analytes, so that ion mobility spectrometry has the ability to separated isomeric compounds. In the present article, an introduction to IMS is given, followed by a description of the instrument used for the experiments to differentiate isomeric compounds. Positive ion mobility spectras of three kinds of isomeric volatile organic compounds were studied in a homemade high-resolution IMS apparatus with a discharge ionization source. The study includes the differences in the structure of carbon chain, the style of function group, and the position of function group. The reduced mobility values were determined, which are in very good agreement with the previously reported theoretical values using neural network theory. The influence of the structural features of the substances and including the size and shape of the molecule has been investigated. The reduced mobility values increases in the order: alcohols < acetones < aromas, linears < branches < cycles, and para- < meta- < ortho-. The deviating ion mobility spectra of the constitutional isomers studied reflect the influence of structural features. In order to calibrate or determine the detection limits and the sensitivity of the ion mobility spectrometry, the exponential dilution flask (EDF) was used. Using this method, the detection limit of the analytes can reach the order of magnitude of ng x L(-1).

Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) is a sensitive technique for fast on-line monitoring trace volatile organic compounds based upon the mobilities of gas phase ions at ambient pressure in weak electric field. In the present work, protonated water reactant ions were successfully prepared, and eight ketones were studied on a homemade high-resolution IMS apparatus using a discharge ionization source. The reduced mobility values of all ions were derived from the observed ion mobility spectra. The experimentally determined reduced mobilities for acetone, 2-butone, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone acetophenone, cyclohexanone and product ions were compared with the previously reported values in the Ni-IMS, indicating that they are in good agreement. The reduced mobilities of methyl isopropyl ketone, 4-methyl-2-pentanone and cyclopentanone ions were given for the first time. The ionization process for organic compounds in the authors' discharge ion mobility spectrometer is suggested to be similar to Ni-IMS system, i.e., the proton transfer reactions produce protonated ketone ions. In addition, a linear correlation was found between the reduced mobilities of the ketone ions and their molecular masses. Qualitative measurements show that the limit of detection is in the ng x L(-1) order of magnitude in the authors' discharge ion mobility spectrometer.

The aim of this study was to investigate the cryobiological characteristics of placental cord blood (PCB) cryopereserved by using BioArchive auto-preserved liquid nitrogen system (BioArchive system). After Hespan depletion of red blood cells, 5 ml mixture of DMSO and 10% Dextran 40 were added into 20 ml of enriched leukocyte. 53 PCB units were cryopreserved as following protocol: pre-freeze rate 10 degrees C/min, start freeze temperature -3 degrees C, end freeze temperature -10 degrees C to -15 degrees C, post freeze rate 2 degrees C/min, and end temperature -50 degrees C. After rapid thawing at 38 degrees C, the PCB were washed with 5% human serum albumin -10% Dextran 40 and centrifuged at 400 x g, 10 degrees C for 20 minutes. The results showed that the viability of nucleated cells post-thaw was (73.3 +/- 12.5)%, the CD34(+) cell content was (0.3 +/- 0.21)% for pre-freeze PCB and (0.45 +/- 0.36)% for post-t haw PCB. No significant difference for CFU-GM/-G/-GEMM counts was found between pre-freeze and post-thaw PCB. Thawed PCB contained in two compartments (20 ml and 5 ml) of a freezing bag showed similar viability and clonogenic capacity. Differential count of white blood cell was significantly changed. For post-thaw PCB, it was dramatically decreased for the percentage of granulocytes, and highly increased for the percentage of lymphocytes and monocytes. It was concluded that the condition for cryopreservation and thawing of PCB may be harmful to mature cells, and cells with large size, such as granulocyte, but suitable to lymphocyte and monocyte, especially for the cells with small size, such as CD34(+) cells.