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This study aimed to isolate the endophytic fungi of soursop leaves that have the potential as anti-yeast. Soursop leaves were collected from 3 locations in West Java, Indonesia. The secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungi were extracted with ethyl acetate and tested for anti-yeast activity against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida tropicalis. Profile of extracts contents characterization was carried out by using thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Twelve monoculture soursop leaves endophytic fungi isolates from Sukabumi (3 isolates), Cianjur (3 isolates), and Garut (6 isolates). It showed different abilities to inhibit C. tropicalis and S. cereviseae. The best extract is isolat from Cianjur (Sir-C1) and Sukabumi (Sir-S1). The stain patterns seen between the nine endophytic fungi extracts were similar. This indicates that the compounds in them may also be the same. But the extracts have a different absorbance for anti-yeast activities. This indicates that the total metabolites of each isolate are different. TLC results showed that ethyl acetate extraction produced almost the same metabolite components from nine endophytic fungi extracts, and all extracts had an anti-yeast activity with various absorbance. There are differences in the ability of 12 soursop leaf endophytic fungi to inhibit yeast model C. tropicalis and S. cerevisiae. Some extracts have similar TLC profiles, but their anti-yeast activity is not similar

Hypertension can change the structure of the blood vessels of the brain by interfering with the working mechanism of the brain. This study aimed to determine the correlation between hypertension experienced by the elderly and the risk of dementia. This research is a descriptive correlation with cross-sectional approach in Pekanbaru City. Samples in this study were 86 elderly people who were taken by purposive sampling technique. Data on the condition of hypertension experienced by the elderly were collected using a questionnaire and a blood pressure meter. Dementia risk data were collected using the MMSE (mini mental status examination). The descriptive analysis showed that 62.8% of the elderly had uncontrolled hypertension, 52.3% of the elderly did not routinely control their health, 54.7% of the elderly had hypertension for 5 years, 54.7% of the elderly had high-grade hypertension, and 52.3% of the elderly had impaired cognitive function or were at risk of dementia. The Chi-square test showed a significant correlation between the length of time the elderly suffer from hypertension and the risk of dementia with p-value = 0.000 (p-value < 0.005), while the variables of blood pressure condition, history of health control, and classification of hypertension experienced by the elderly do not have a significant correlation with dementia risk (p-value > 0.005). Hypertension for more than 5 years have had lacunar infarction in certain parts of the brain that can cause impaired cognitive function and even dementia. Keywords: hypertension, elderly, dementia

Epilepsy is a disorder that is seen as a symptom due to disruption of electrical activity in the brain caused by various causes. Adherence is an important point in the management of epilepsy and suspected discomfort of side effects is a factor that supports adherence of epilepsy patients. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the occurrence of side effects on the level of adherence in the treatment of epilepsy patients. This research was analytical descriptive observational with cross-sectional study. Data was collected by accidental sampling method by giving questionnaires directly to patients who met the inclusion criteria in Arifin Achmad Hospital of Riau Province. Samples are 31 outpatient epilepsy patients. The results showed that the side effects that often occur are headaches with percentages 38,7% and fatigue are 38.7% and 29% while patients with high adherence are 51.62% and low adherence is 48.38%. The results is no correlation between side effects and adherence of epilepsy patients (p = 0.144 and r = -0.269).

Simpur air merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang secara tradisional banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan berbagai macam penyakit. Beberapa penelitian tentang kandungan kimia dan aktivitas biologis dari tumbuhan ini telah dilaporkan. Namun, belum ditemukan penelitian dari kandungan kimia dan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak simpur air yang berasal dari daerah Riau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total serta aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak metanol akar, daun dan bunga dari simpur air. Penentuan kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid total dilakukan dengan metoda spektrofotometri menggunakan reagen masing-masingnya adalah Folin Ciocalteu dan AlCl3, sedangkan uji aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan dengan metoda DPPH. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa ekstrak metanol akarnya memberikan nilai kandungan fenolik total, flavonoid total dan aktivitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak metanol daun dan bunganya. Nilai kandungan fenolik totalnya sebesar 428,131 GAE/mg ekstrak, nilai flavonoid totalnya adalah 766,164 QE/mg ekstrak dan nilai IC50 adalah sebesar 3,852 µg/ml.

Recently, more industrial activities was developed like household industries. Which one of it is household industries is laundry business. Laundry business generate liquid waste from washing clothes activities with using detergent. Laundry liquid waste is a source of pollution which it can decreasely the equality of the environment. A large amount of laundry liquid waste is discarded into environment. Therefore, it can be used as a liquid fertilizer, one of the pollutants within laundry liquid waste is phosphate and it derived from Sodium TripolyPhosphate (STPP) which is one of the ingredients in detergents and as a second most important element after surfactants. The purpose of this study was to determine the whether effect of the utilization of the laundry liquid waste as liquid fertilizer on the C/N ratio and to find out the quality of liquid fertilizer used meet the quality standards of liquid fertilizer in the Peraturan Menteri Pertanian No. 70 of 2011 concerning Fertilizers, Biological Fertilizers and Soil Improvements. The method used was fermentation with the addition of bioactivator EM4 and molasses as nutrients, and the fermentation results were tested at the Laboratory Balai Riset Dan Standardisasi Industri (BARISTAND) Banda Aceh. The research sampling location is at sT. Panglima Nyak Makam, Lampineng. Parameters tested were pH, carbon, nitrogen, phosphate, and potassium. The results showed that at a concentration of EM 20 ml, pH levels were 4,7, carbon organic levels were 3.250%, nitrogen levels were 0.040%, phosphate levels were 0.014% and potassium levels were 1.489%, the result of these concentration were better than other variations in concentration EM4 like 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml for increasing nutrients levels in laundry liquid waste.

Worksheets are indispensable in the learning process because they can help students become more active and provide feedback in learning activities. Higher-order thinking skill-based worksheet is one of the teaching materials that can be used to make students become more active in the learning process because it can train problem-solving skills, critical thinking, and even creative thinking. This aimed at finding out students' ability to solve problems in biological content using creative problem-solving-based worksheets. The research design used was research and development consisting of defines, design, and development. Participants were 12 graders of XI MA Darul Fatihin NW Gerintuk. Data collection used was worksheets using creative problem-solving indicators consisting of Clarify, Ideate, Develop and Implement. Data analysis was conducted to percentage the score that gets 3, 2, and 1. The results of the data analysis showed that 1) Ecosystem Components and interactions between components, obtained the results of ecosystem components and interactions between ecosystems, the highest percentage on clarify indicators with a gain of 50% in the score position 3; (2) Energy flow, the highest percentage on the clarify indicator with an obtained score 58.3% in the position of score 1; (3) Biogeochemical cycle, the highest percentage obtained for the students who did not answer on the ideate indicator 41.7%, develop 50%, and implement 58.3%; (4) Pollution and environmental preservation the highest percentage on clarifying and ideate indicators with a gain of 50% at the position of score 3, implement with the acquisition of 50% in the position of score 1. This research concluded that students needed to be intensely trained in high-level thinking skills by getting used to using worksheets-based constructivist especially creative problem-solving.

Propolis merupakan salah satu bahan alam yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, antara lain sebagai antibakteri, hepatoprotektor, anestesi lokal, antikanker dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tingkat toksisitas subkronis ekstrak etanol 70% propolis (EEP) pada tikus Sprague Dawley terhadap glukosa, kolesterol dan trigliserida darah selama 28 hari. Ekstrak propolis diberikan sebanyak 1 ml secara oral pada tikus jantan dan betina sebanyak 60 ekor dan 10 ekor sebagai kontrol. Ekstrak diberikan dalam dosis 0,3 mg/kg bobot badan (BB), 2,1 mg/kg BB, 14,7 mg/kg BB, 102,9 mg/kg BB, dan 720,3 mg/kg BB sebanyak 5 kali dalam seminggu selama 28 hari. Konsentrasi glukosa darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 79,85 – 97,49 mg/dL dan 61,88 – 90,26 mg/dL. Konsentrasi kolesterol darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 100,42 – 116,25 mg/dL dan 118,63 – 132,78 mg/dL. Konsentrasi trigliserida darah tikus jantan dan betina pada hari ke-28 adalah 128,64 – 142,37 mg/dL dan 110,95 – 128,58 mg/dL. Pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% propolis sampai dosis 720,3 mg/kg bb selama 28 hari tidak mengakibatkan abnormalitas terhadap nilai glukosa, kolesterol dan trigliserida darah tikus Sprague Dawley. Semua parameter pada hari ke-28 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistika dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal. Ekstrak etanol 70% propolis pada penelitian ini tidak menimbulkan pengaruh toksik pada konsentrasi glukosa, kholesterol dan trigliserida selama pengujian subkronis 28 hari. Uji ANOVA pada hari ke-28 tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata dibandingkan dengan kelompok normal.

Melinjo (gnetum gnemon) peel extract is believed to have potential as antihyperuricemic agent, however, in vivo assays have yet to be conducted to prove the antihyperuricemic activity. The objectives of this research were to analyze antihyperuricemic activity of melinjo peel extract in Sprague Dawley male white rat. A total of 24 rats were divided into 6 groups, which are a normal, positive, and negative group, 70% ethanolic extract of melinjo peel dose 450 mg/kg BW (ET I) and dose 900 mg/kg BW (ET II), and water extract of melinjo peel dose 93.35 mg/kg BW (EA). The results show that antihyperuricemic potency of 70% ethanolic extract of melinjo peel (ET1 and ET2) was more effective than allopurinol dose 90 mg/kg BW with a percentage decrease of 50% and 54%. Ethanol extract of melinjo peel was able to reduce uric acid levels to be in the range of normal values (

This study aims to analyze the marketing strategy of BNI Credit Cards in the face of global competition at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Banda Aceh Branch Office. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive type where the type of data used is secondary data sourced from various reports and documentation from PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk Banda Aceh Branch Office. The results of this study indicate that in marketing BNI Banda Aceh Branch credit cards a strategy that can be used is a marketing strategy that differentiates the market (Differentiated marketing), which is to determine the target market segmentation in accordance with the target types of credit card products that are in accordance with the segmentation. The Banda Aceh BNI branch also uses a concentrated marketing strategy such as the marketing of BNI-Unsyiah affinity Credit Cards which is focused on alumni of Syiah Kuala University throughout Indonesia. Besides that, another strategy used by the Banda Aceh BNI branch in marketing BNI Credit Cards is by issuing pre aproval credit cards, where certain customers in accordance with applicable regulations are directly proposed to issue credit cards on behalf of these customers, if the customer agrees for card issuance, the card can be activated immediately. Furthermore, BNI provides the convenience of non-cash transactions through the YAP (Your All Payment) application as a payment tool for (cashless) and without showing the debit card or credit card (Cardless) through a smartphone. This YAP application is an advantage owned by BNI and the first in Indonesia.

Alzheimer adalah salah satu penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis dan menjadi penyakit yang sering dialami oleh orang lanjut usia. Perubahan yang terjadi dari penyakit Alzheimer, yakni penurunan fungsi kognitif, memori, dan perubahan perilaku secara permanen. Senyawa aktif pada daun sirih merah memiliki kesamaan kandungan dengan daun sirih hijau untuk menghambat butirilkolinesterase (BChE). Butirilkolinesterase adalah salah satu enzim yang berperan dalam penanganan penyakit Alzheimer dikaitkan dengan terbentuknya Alzheimer, yakni hipotesis kolinergik. Penelitian dilakukan menguji daya inhibisi senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas butirilkolinesterase melalui pendekatan simulasi penambatan molekuler. Penelitian menggunakan dua metode, yakni penggabungan penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler sebagai tahapan awal pengembangan daun sirih merah terhadap aktivitas penghambatan butirilkolinesterase. Hasil dalam penelitian diperoleh, daya inhibisi terbaik ditemukan pada 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane sebesar 0,4888 µM dan energi bebas pengikatan sebesar -8,6 kkal∙mol-1. Residu yang berperan dalam menghambat butirilkolinesterase, yakni pada pengikatan substrat oleh ligan uji, yakni Tyr-332 dan Trp-82. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber referensi dalam menemukan alternatif pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Molecular Docking of the Active Compound of Red Betel (Piper crocatum) on Butyrylcholinesterase as an Antialzheimer's Candidate. Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease often experienced by the elderly. Changes that occur from Alzheimer's disease such as permanent decline in cognitive function, memory, and behavioral changes. The active compounds in red betel leaves have similar contents with green betel leaves to inhibit butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Butyrylcholinesterase is an enzyme that may play an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease associated with the formation of Alzheimer's, the cholinergic hypothesis. The study tested the inhibition power of the active compounds contained in red betel leaves against the activity of butyrylcholinesterase through a molecular docking simulation approach. The method in the study used the merger of virtual screening and molecular docking as the initial stage for the development of red betel leaves against the inhibitory activity of butyrylcholinesterase. The result in the study found the best inhibitiron power was found at 1,2,3,4,5,6,7-heptazacycloicosane of 0.4888 µM and binding free energy of -8.6 kkal∙mol-1. The residues that play a role in the inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase on substrate binding by test ligands were Tyr-332 and Trp-82. The research result can be used as a reference in finding alternative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.

Health education regarding pregnant women's anxiety will provide more understanding to pregnant women as well as prevent stress. The phenomenon of the problem at Bonto Bangun Puskesmas is that health education is carried out in the class of pregnant women, but not all pregnant women participate in the program. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of physiological change education in pregnant women on the anxiety level of pregnant women at Bonto Bangun Community Health Center. This study used a pre-experimental design by means of a One-shot case study. The number of samples is 5 people, sampling technique with purposive sampling. The research was conducted at the Bontobangun Community Health Center in August 2020. The results showed that the level of anxiety of pregnant women before education was the highest moderate anxiety compared to no anxiety, mild and severe anxiety. Meanwhile, the level of anxiety of pregnant women after being given education decreased, namely mild anxiety was higher than moderate anxiety and there was no anxiety. After testing the analysis using SPSS, namely the marginal homogeneity test, the p-value was 0.000

Limited network resources and the increasing number of internet users in the current digital era have an impact on high traffic which results in decreased access speed to internet services. This is also a problem that occurs at the Indo Global Mandiri University (UIGM) Palembang, causing access to academic services to be slow. The purpose of this research is to identify the types of network traffic patterns which are then carried out by the process of grouping and visualizing these types of traffic. The data in this study were taken in real-time at the UIGM campus. The data obtained is the result of responses which are then extracted. The extraction results are processed using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) method for the process of grouping and visualizing data. The results of this study can distinguish types of traffic based on communication protocols, namely tcp and udp, where the results of the experiment were carried out six times with the results being the first experiment where 99.7% TCP and 0.1% for UDP, the second experiment 97.6% for TCP and 1.1% for UDP , trial three 99.7 % TCP and 0.2% UDP, trial four 97.5% and 1.3% UDP, trial five 99.5 TCP and 02% UDP, and the sixth or final try 97.7% TCP and 1.1% UDP. The data from the use of the SVM method obtained several types of traffic such as games by 0.4%, mail 0.2%, multimedia 0.4% and the web by 82.8% and this research still produces data that the pattern is not yet recognized by 15.5% Keywords : Network Traffic, Classification, Support Vector Mesin

This study aimed to determine the relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the quality of life for the elderly with hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a descriptive correlation study that applied a cross-sectional approach that involved 133 respondents who were selected using the convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires from the World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) and COVID-19 prevention measures. The collected data were processed using the Chi-Square test in univariate and bivariate analyses. The results showed that the number of elderly participants who took positive and negative efforts in preventing COVID-19 transmission was almost equal, with a slightly higher number of participants taking positive efforts with a total of 69 people (51.9%). There was also a higher number of elderly participants who had a good quality of life with 71 people (53.4%). The Chi-Squared test results indicated a relationship between COVID-19 prevention measures and the quality of life of elderly patients with hypertension during the COVID-19 pandemic with a p-value of 0.008. Therefore, it can be concluded that prevention efforts in the form of health behaviors for the elderly with certain chronic diseases comorbid with COVID-19 can affect their quality of life.

Knowledge and adherence to taking medication in patients with hypertension is very important because knowing and adhering in taking antihypertensive drugs can control the blood pressure of people with hypertension. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving flyers on knowledge and adherence to taking medication for hypertensive patients. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method, with a non-randomized control group pretest and posttest design which was carried out on 96 respondents with purposive sampling technique. Collecting data for knowledge using the knowledge questionnaire, and adherence using the MMAS-8 scale. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study on hypertensive patients showed that giving flyers had a significant effect on knowledge with a p value = 0.000 and on patient adherence with a p value = 0.000.

Through this paper, we want to propose a disaster notification system in a college utilizing Smartphone devices. The proposed disaster notification system is still in the form of preliminary topology as a first step in designing the system. In this study, the topology of the disaster notification system intended for a college environment, with students as end-users. In an ideal condition, by using the proposed topology, the notification system can reach 100% accuracy in providing disaster information to the students. But if there is much disturbance, it could be a different case. We will discuss some obstacles and shortcomings from the proposed topology in future research.

Health education regarding pregnant women anxiety will provide more understanding to pregnant women as well as to prevent stress. The phenomenon of the problem at Bonto Bangun Puskesmas is that health education is carried out in the class of pregnant women, but not all pregnant women participate in the program. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of physiological change education in pregnant women on the anxiety level of pregnant women at Bonto Bangun Community Health Center. This study used a pre-experimental design by means of a One-shot case study. The number of samples is 5 people, sampling technique with purposive sampling. The research was conducted at the Bontobangun Community Health Center in August 2020. The results showed that the level of anxiety of pregnant women before education was the highest moderate anxiety compared to no anxiety, mild and severe anxiety. Meanwhile, the level of anxiety of pregnant women after being given education decreased, namely mild anxiety was higher than moderate anxiety and there was no anxiety. After testing the analysis using SPSS, namely the marginal homogeneity test, the p-value was 0.000

Medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients, particularly in a rural area, is one of the public health problems for which health professionals need to find measures to resolve. This study aimed to develop a pharmacist intervention model by collaborating with health professionals and family empowerment to increase medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients in the rural area. This research was a mixed-method consisted of 2 stages: stage 1, a descriptive survey study; and stage 2, the development of intervention model with grounded theory by focus group discussion (FGD) and literature studies. Participants were 15 health professionals recruited with purposive sampling and 220 elderly hypertensive patients, along with their families, recruited with quota sampling. Participants were mostly women, had a middle level of knowledge about hypertension, the middle level of perception about the role of the pharmacist, and middle level of perception in terms of the pharmacists' ability in family empowerment. Fifty-seven participants participated in focus group discussion, and the result indicated the need to socialise the role of pharmacists, to allow pharmacists to have the opportunity to attend training, and the need for collaboration to empower families. This led to the recommendations for the pharmacist's role, in which two stages were proposed, pre-intervention and intervention. Based on the data from a model trial with elderly hypertensive patients, it was found that there was a significant increase in the adherence to taking medication in elderly hypertensive patients after the intervention. This model was expected to be an alternative in providing services to elderly hypertensive patients to improve patient adherence.

Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is a type of infection caused by the fungus Candida spp. The treatment of candidiasis usually uses antifungal drugs on Candida albicans. Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) is one of wild plants that have been used by the community as a drug. The content of secondary metabolite compounds found in pegagan, such as triterpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins can act as antifungal agents. A literature review in the form of national, international journals and digital books originated from various sites is carried out online. The result of the narrative analysis shows that the ethanol extract of pegagan leaves with a concentration of 75 x 103 ppm can inhibit the growth of C. albicans by up to 17.5 mm. The results of the toxicity prediction with three parameters shows that the active compounds of pegagan leaves are weak inhibitors, non-carcinogenic and in the toxicity test, it at most belongs to category III. Other than that, the spray formulation with a concentration of 1% (w/w) of pegagan leaf extract is found to be safe and non-irritant to skin.

Diabetes mellitus is often caused by damage to pancreatic beta cells which play a role in secreting insulin in the body. Damage to pancreatic beta cells causes the body to lack insulin. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a peptidase enzyme complex located on the surface of the cell membrane. Inhibition of the DPP4 enzyme will increase blood GLP-1 levels and induce regeneration of pancreatic beta cells. Senggani leaf (Melastoma malabathricum) boiled water is believed by the people of the Ciamis area to be used as a diabetes medicine. There have been many studies and reviews related to Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum) and its potential. This review focuses on the discussion of Senggani as an antidiabetic by analyzing the reduction in glucose levels and the repair ability of pancreatic beta cells. The results of the literature study that show that senggani leaves have the ability to reduce blood glucose levels and repair activity of pancreatic beta cells through the DPP-4 enzyme inhibition mechanism supported by molecular docking simulation data. There are 12 active compounds that have a binding site similarity above 50% with the comparison compound vildagliptin. Rutin is the best active compound which has a 100% similarity of the binding site. Based on in vivo research and toxicity analysis on the admetsar database, senggani leaf extract and active compounds of senggani leaves have low toxicity, making it safe to be used as antidiabetic herbal preparations.

Farming in Cibitung Tengah Village, Tenjolaya Subdistrict, Bogor District, West Jawa is characterized by vegetables and sheep farming. Several problems in farming are the use of chemical fertilizers, management of agriculture and domestic wastes properly; even some people disposing of garbage in the river and also, the institutional Farmer Group Association (Gapoktan) and Female Farmer Group (KWT) are not functioning optimally. The use of an integrated farming system can increase land and livestock productivities and reduce the volume of agriculture and domestic wastes all at once. This community empowerment activity aimed to increase the people's knowledge and skill of Cibitung Tengah Village in terms of processing agricultural and domestic wastes. Thus it will overcome the garbage and overuse of chemical fertilizer problems. The discussions and outreach activities were done by a door-to-door approach, especially for people who have not been actively involved in Gapoktan and KWT. This research was carried out with several educational activities such as counseling on community waste management systems, training on organic waste processing, Black Soldier Fly (BSF) training, processing organic waste with BSF technology, making silage as goat feed, and making branding of agricultural products. This empowerment program produced new products or processed products. The products will increase the income for the people of Cibitung Tengah, such as maggot processing products, CS-Fresh products, results from waste banks, and handicraft products from waste.

This study aims to describe the process of Islamization of Gresik in the 14th century brought by Shaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim and recorded in the Babad Gresik I. This study uses the qualitative research method based on the study of literature of Babad Gresik I manuscript which has been in the form of Indonesian translation book written by Soekarman (1990). The results of this study are (1) The profile of Shaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim, including: (a) The arrival of Shaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim in Gresik region recorded in Babad Gresik I and (b) The death of Shaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim recorded in Babad Gresik I as well as (2) The methods of da'wah conducted by Shaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim in the process of Islamization of Gresik in the 14th century including two methods, namely: (a) Da'wah methods through the trade/commerce routes recorded in Babad Gresik I and (2) Da'wah methods through education Islamic boarding schools recorded in Babad Gresik I. Overall, it can be seen that there were some contributions of Syaykh Maulana Malik Ibrahim in the process of Islamization in the 14th century in Gresik that was recorded in Babad Gresik I.

Amikasin merupakan salah satu antibiotik golongan aminoglikosida yang bersifat bakterisid dan termasuk dalam golongan obat indeks terapi sempit. Penggunaan antibiotik harus tepat agar outcome terapi tercapai maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat korelasi penggunaan antibiotik amikasin terhadap pencapian outcome terapi penurunan sesak pada pneumonia pediatrik di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan secara retrospektif pada 20 rekam medis pasien pneumonia pediatrik yang mendapatkan amikasin dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau. Berdasarkan analisis korelasi jenis kelamin dan rentang usia berkorelasi sedang dan tidak bermakna dengan outcome terapi amikasin (r=0,404 dan nilai p=0,143), (r=0,452 dan nilai p=0,274) dan tingkat keparahan pernapasan terhadap outcome terapi penggunaan amikasin didapatkan korelasi kuat dan bermakna (r= 0,675; P= 0,002). Hasil ini menunjukkan penggunaan amikasin memberikan perubahan pada outcome terapi dan outcome terapi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat keparahan pernafasan pasien.

Islam as an ideolagi of Sasak society has dominant acculturation effects on Sasak culture, one of them is on sesenggak. Language as a feature and ethnic identity that contained in Sesenggak as one of Sasak's oral literature reflects the local and ethnic identity of Sasak that upholds the religiosity and moral values. The whole system of values is internalized into tindih attitude. Tindih is a Sasak term that has a deep philosophical meaning as the essence of the Sasak cultural values system, including the value of honesty in term of mental and behavior, introspection, elegance and courtesy, wisdom, obedience, calmness in attitude, and persistence to hold principle. Tindih is the embodiment of local Islam as a form of local identity of ideal Sasak human. Key Words: Local Islam, Local Genius, Local Identity, Sesenggak.

Didalam resume ini dijelaskan karya_karya Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary dan tokoh-tokoh yang berpengaruh terhadap karya karya beliau.selain itu didalam resume ini juga membahas tentang basis etika relegius Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari Hakikat, makrifat Tarekat dan syari,at Di resume ini juga membahas tentang biografi Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary mulai dari masa kelahiran Syaikh Yusuf Al_makassary , pendidikan sampai pada masa kepribadianya.

The objective of this research was to find out the effect of using picture strip story with guided questions on students’ writing achievement at SMAN 4 Baubau. This research applied quasi experimental design that consist of experimental class and control class. The sample of this research were students at class X IPS 1 and X IPS 2 in SMAN 4 Baubau who were register in academic years 2019/2020. The sample taken by using cluster random sampling and the total numbers of students are 44, 22 for experimental class (X IPS 1) and 22 for control class (X IPS 2). The research instrument was written test which focus on recount text. The researcher collected the data by giving pre-test in both of the classes, giving treatment in experimental by giving picture strip story with guided questions and non-picture strip story in control class, and giving post-test in both of the classes. In analyzing the data were used SPSS 16.0 version. To examine the hypothesis the researcher used an independent sample t-test. Based on the result, it showed that students’ mean score of post-test in experimental class is 64.50. It is raised16.73 point from its pre-test (47.77). While students’ mean score of post-test in control class is 54.91. It is only raised 11.32 point from its pre-test (43.59). Besides, the value of degree of freedom (df)= 86, t=4.034, and sig (2 tailed)=0.000. It means that the probability (sig) value is lower than α ( p value < α or 0.000 < 0.05). Therefore,picture strip story with guided questions had a significant effect on students’ writing achievement at SMAN 4 Baubau

Permasalahan yang menjadi acuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Bagaimana sistem penangkapan ikan ramah lingkungan pada masyarakat nelayan desa waelumu Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi? (2) Apa saja alat-alat yang digunakan dalam penangkapan ikan ramah lingkungan pada masyarakat nelayan desa waelumu Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi (2003- 2017)? (3) Bagaimana perubahan penangkapan ikan ramah lingkungan pada masyarakat nelayan desa Waelumu Kecamatan Wangi-Wangi Kabupaten Wakatobi (2003-2017)? Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah yang terdiri dari (1) Heuristik, (2) Kritik Sumber, (3) Historiografi. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa masyarakat nelayan desa Waelumu, meskipun rata-rata mata pencahariannya adalah sebagai nelayan dan masih memiliki alat tangkap ikan yang sifatnya tradisional. Akan tetapi alat-alat penangkapan ikan yang mereka gunakan adalah benar-benar ramah lingkungan, sehingga dengan begitu keadaan lautnya tetap terjaga dan terlindung dari ancaman manusia yang tidak memiliki kesadaran akan hal itu. Dengan menggunakan alat tangkap ikan ramah lingkungan akan memiliki dampak positif terhadap kehidupan masyarakat nelayan desa Waelumu maupun kehidupan biota lautnya serta masyarakat nelayan desa Waelumu memiliki kesadaran tersendiri bahwa dengan tetap melestaikan lingkungan baik darat maupun laut akan tetap bersih, nyaman, dan tentram. Alat-alat penangkapan ikan ramah lingkungan pada masyarakat nelayan desa Waelumu (2003-2017) antara lain: (a) Mata Pancing, (b) Jaring, (c) Tombak, (d) Panah, (e) Tofole (akar pohon), dan (f) Bubu. Kata Kunci: Sejarah, Tradisi Kampua, Masyarakat MunaABSTRACT: The problems that become the reference in this study are: (1) How is the environmentally friendly fishing system in the fishing community of Waelumu Village, Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency? (2) What are the tools used in environmentally friendly fishing in the fishing community of Waelumu Village, Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi District (2003-2017)? (3) How is the change in environmentally friendly fishing in the fishing community of Waelumu village, Wangi-Wangi District, Wakatobi Regency (2003-2017)? The method used in this study is a historical method consisting of (1) Heuristics, (2) Source Criticism, (3) Historiography. This research shows that the fishing community of Waelumu village, although the average livelihood is as a fisherman and still has traditional fishing gear. However, the fishing equipment they use are truly environmentally friendly, so that the state of the sea is maintained and protected from the threat of humans who have no awareness of it. Using environmentally friendly fishing gear will have a positive impact on the life of the Waelumu fishing community and the lives of its marine biota and the fishing community of the Waelumu village have their own awareness that by preserving the environment both land and sea will remain clean, comfortable, and peaceful. Environmentally friendly fishing gear in the fishing community of Waelumu village (2003-2017) include: (a) the hook, (b) Nets, (c) Spears, (d) Arrows, (e) Tofole (tree roots), and (f) the Trap. Keywords: History, Kampua Traditions, Muna Communities

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengkuantifikasi jumlah bakteri penghasil enzim fitase dari saluran pencernaan ikan nila. Ada dua jenis sample yang digunakan, yakni ikan yang dibudidaya dan ikan liar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri penghasil enzim fitase hanya dapat dideteksi dari saluran pencernaan ikan budidaya. Sedangkan, pada saluran pencernaan ikan nila liar tidak ditemukan adanya kelompok bakteri penghasi enzim tersebut. Dari total jumlah bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan saluran pencernaan ikan nila dibudidaya (7.8 x 107 CFU/g), jumlah bakteri penghasil enzim fitase sebanyak 2.6 x 106 CFU/g atau sekitar 3.31%. Hasil penelitian ini mengkonfirmasi adanya bakteri penghasil enzim fitase di saluran pencernaan ikan nila budidaya. Uji lanjut untuk mengetahui kuantitas enzim fitase yang dihasilkan di saluran pencernaan sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui jumlah asam fitat maksimum yang dapat dicerna. Selain itu, bakteri tersebut harus diidentifikasi untuk dapat mengetahui sumbernya.

The coating substance on tomato, apple, and kiwi from carrageenan of Eucheuma cottonii that originated from Aceh was made with additional PEG (polyethylene glycol) plasticizer to increase the fruit shelf life. Carrageenan of Eucheuma cottonii was extracted using 14% alkaline solution (KOH) and precipitated using IPA (isopropyl alcohol). The coating substance was made using various combination of carrageenan (0,1%, 0,2% 0,3%) and PEG (polyethylene glycol) with concentration 0,5% (v/v). Fruit coating process was carried out by immersion until the whole fruit well submerge. The examination was carried out through functional groups identification of carrageenan from Eucheuma cottonii and the coating substance. The coating substance was observed toward fruits resistance to see changes in physical shape and hardness of fruit and used a microscope with 450 times enlargement to observe the fruit surface at 0 day, 6 th day, 12 th day and 18 th day. As the result, carrageenan that extracted from red seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) shown the suitable structure with the commercial carrageenan. From the observation result, coated fruits resistance which was observed at 12 th day shown apple and tomato have a better hardness and physical appearance with 0,3% carrageenan than with 0,1%, 0,2%, and control, meanwhile for kiwi with 0,2% carrageenan.

Edible film karaginan merupakan salah satu alternatif pengganti kemasan plastik yang sulit terdegradasi di alam dan aman bagi bahan pangan. Karaginan merupakan hasil ekstraksi salah satu jenis rumput laut yaitu Eucheuma cottonii . Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gugus fungsi dari edible film dengan variasi konsentrasi karaginan dan sifat permukaan dari edible film karaginan dengan SEM. Pemanfaatan karaginan hasil ekstraksi E . cottonii asal Aceh untuk pembuatan edible film diharapkan dapat meningkatkan potensi budidaya E . cottonii di Aceh. Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan dua tahap, tahap pertama proses ekstraksi karaginan dari E. cottonii dengan penggunaan KOH 14% dan tahap kedua pembuatan edible film dengan varisi konsentrasi karaginan 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% (b/v) dengan penambahan PEG sebagai plasticizer . Hasil FTIR menunjukkan gugus fungsi ester sulfat, ikatan glikosidik, 3,6 anhidro-d-galaktosa, gugus OH dan CH dengan bilangan gelombang berturut-turut pada rentang 1246,36-1246,9 cm -1 , 1072-1074 cm -1 , 932-934 cm -1 , 3370- 3382 cm -1 , dan 2876-2880 cm -1 . Perubahan bilangan gelombang edible film karaginan dibandingkan dengan FTIR karaginan hasil ekstraksi pada penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara karaginan dengan plasticizer PEG yang ditambahkan. Pengujian morfologi pada edible film pada konsentrasi karaginan 0,1% dan 0,2% dengan SEM menunjukkan permukaan yang homogen dan kontinyu, sedangkan pada konsentrasi 0,3% edible film tidak terbentuk.