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The efficiency of temperature end energy separation is compared for Ranque tubes of circular and square cross section, with the square side equal to the circle diameter. The “square” tube demonstrates approximately two times less efficiency, yet the separation effect still being evidently presented.

The modification of absorption optic method for diagnostics of the wave liquid film on the surface of a rotating disk was proposed. Inaccuracy of the method was estimated analytically and experimentally. The field measurements of liquid film thickness on a rotating disk were carried out.

An optical method of measuring the instantaneous transparent liquid film thickness, based on the effect of total internal reflection by the gas-liquid interface, is represented. A light circle whose diameter is proportional to the liquid film thickness and eccentricity is proportional to the slope gradient of the liquid film surface in the measurement region is formed around a small-size light source in the plane of vessel bottom. Using several light sources, the method allows measurement of the liquid film thickness field. The method is implemented in a multichannel meter of transparent liquid film thickness and curvature surface, with computer image processing.

This study focused on the large-scale vortex structures. The working section was a tangential vortex chamber with a cylindrical cross-section. The flow was swirled by tangential supply of fluid into the chamber, using 12 direct-flow rectangular nozzles. The design swirl parameter was equal to 6.6 and was determined based on the vortex chamber geometry. The Reynolds number was maintained equal to 30000. Quantitative measurements were realized with the use of the optical technique of laser Doppler anemometry. The results of optical measurements allowed determining main parameters of the vortex core for two basic modes of the vortex flow, including the central direct-flow vortex and the spiral vortex.

Longitudinal and tangential components of the mean velocity field inside the Ranque tube of square cross section are presented for a central longitudinal section. Measurements are carried at central plane over the entire tube, with 1-2 millimeter step in transverse direction and with 10 millimeter step along the tube. The data is presented in the form of velocity maps.

The vortex effect in Ranque-Hilch vortex tube was investigated. Being discovered by G.J. Ranque[1] in l928, the effect still has no adequate generally accepted physical explanation. One of the reasons is connected with the lack of reliable experimental data describing velocity and temperature distributions inside the vortex tube. The sensors mounted inside the vortex tube contribute conspicuous perturbation in the flow. Therefore, the new measuring methods should be searched that do not or slightly disturb the flow. For this purpose, optical techniques are the most suitable. In order to use optical methods the vortex tube with square section was applied. The flow kinematics investigation inside the Ranque-Hilsch tube was carried out using a laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) with an adaptive temporal selection of the velocity vector (LAD-056). The measurements of vector components of the swirling flow velocity were carried out in close to the hot output section of the Ranque-Hilsch tube at a working pressure ...

This experimental work is aimed at investigating the self-similarity of the local axial vorticity and azimuthal velocity in the tip vortices core in the wind turbine rotor wake. In the current work, the averaged local axial vorticity and azimuthal velocity profiles of the tip rotor vortex were measured. These profiles were tested to a self-similarity and compared with the Lamb-Oseen vortex.

This paper is devoted to experimental investigation of the interaction between the pair of precessing vortices in a tangential vortex chamber. The test section was the tangential vortex chamber with a cylindrical working area. The liquid was tangentially fed into the chamber through 12 rectangular nozzles. The swirl parameter varied in the range 0 ÷ 6.6, and the Reynolds number varied within 6000 ÷ 52000. On the basis of visualization materials the dependence of the precession frequency of the system of two vortices was obtained. For the quantitative investigation the optical methods of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) and the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) were used. Information about vortices and recirculation zones was obtained from the optical measurements.

Obstacles like forests, ridges and hills can strongly affect the velocity profile in front of a wind turbine rotor. The present work aims at quantifying the influence of nearby located obstacles on the performance and wake characteristics of a downstream located wind turbine. Here the influence of an obstacle in the form of a cylindrical disk was investigated experimentally in a water flume. A model of a three-bladed rotor, designed using Glauert's optimum theory at a tip speed ratio λ = 5, was placed in the wake of a disk with a diameter close to the one of the rotor. The distance from the disk to the rotor was changed from 4 to 8 rotor diameters, with the vertical distance from the rotor axis varied 0.5 and 1 rotor diameters. The associated turbulent intensity of the incoming flow to the rotor changed 3 to '6% due to the influence of the disk wake. In the experiment, thrust characteristics and associated pulsations as a function of the incoming flow structures were measured by strain gauges. The flow condition in front of the rotor was measured with high temporal accuracy using LDA and power coefficients were determine as function of tip speed ratio for different obstacle positions. Furthermore, PIV measurements were carried out to study the development of the mean velocity deficit profiles of the wake behind the wind turbine model under the influence of the wake generated by the obstacle. By use of regression techniques to fit the velocity profiles it was possible to determine velocity deficits and estimate length scales of the wake attenuation.

The vortex breakdown bubble in the confined flow generated by a rotating lid in closed containers with polygonal cross sections was analysed both experimentally and numerically for the height/radius aspect ratio equal to 2. The stagnation point locations of the breakdown bubble emergence and the corresponding Reynolds number were determined experimentally and in addition computed numerically by STAR-CCM+ CFD software for square, pentagonal, hexagonal, and octagonal cross section configurations. The flow pattern and the velocity were observed and measured by combining the seeding particle visualization and the temporal accuracy of laser Doppler anemometry. The vortex breakdown size and position on the container axis were determined for Reynolds numbers, ranging from 1450 to 2400. The obtained results were compared with the flow structure in the closed container of cubical and cylindrical configurations. It is shown that the measured evolution of steady vortex breakdown is in close agreement with the numerical results.

The flow behind the model of wind turbine rotor is investigated experimentally in a water flume using Particle Image Velocimetry. The study carried out involves rotors of three bladed wind turbine designed using Glauert's optimization. The transitional regime, generally characterized as in between the regime governed by stable organized vortical structures and the turbulent wake, develops from disturbances of the tip and root vorticies through vortex paring and further complex behaviour towards the fully turbulent wake. Our PIV measurements pay special attention to the onset of the instabilities. The near wake characteristics (development of expansion, tip vortex position, deficit velocity and rotation in the wake) have been measured for different tip speed ratio to compare with main assumptions and conclusions of various rotor theories.