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Aim Methods Results Conclusion Recently, the development of the oral glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist semaglutide has drawn a great deal of attention. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of oral glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist semaglutide and dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors on glycaemic control and several metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus over a 6‐month period.Fifty‐nine participants were included, and we compared various clinical parameters between before and after switching from DPP‐4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide in ‘study 1’ (pre‐post comparison) and set the control group using the propensity score matching method in ‘study 2’.In ‘study 1’, 6 months after the switching, the glycated haemoglobin value was significantly reduced from 7.5% to 7.0%, and the body mass index was also decreased from 29.7 kg/m2 to 28.8 kg/m2. Such effects were more clearly observed in participants whose glycaemic control was poor. In ‘study 2’, after 1:1 propensity score matching, 51 participants from each group were matched, and glycaemic control as well as body weight management were improved in the switching group compared with the DPP‐4 inhibitor continuation group over the 6‐month observation period.In this study, including obese participants with poor glycaemic control, switching DPP‐4 inhibitors to oral semaglutide showed more beneficial effects on both glycaemic and weight control, irrespective of age, body weight and diabetes duration. Therefore, we should bear in mind that it would be better to start using an oral semaglutide in clinical practice, particularly in obese participants with poor glycaemic control with DPP‐4 inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aimed to examine the risk of diabetes mellitus induced by nilotinib, a second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Methods This retrospective study included 25 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with nilotinib at our hospital. Four patients had diabetes mellitus at the start of nilotinib administration (prior DM group), and five patients were newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus after the start of nilotinib administration (new DM group). Sixteen patients who were not diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were classified into the non-DM group. Changes in the blood glucose and HbA1c levels were evaluated in each group at the time of nilotinib administration and two years later. Results Molecular genetic remission of CML was achieved in 81.8% of patients with diabetes and 72.2% of patients without non-DM group. There were no cases in this study in which nilotinib was changed or discontinued owing to hyperglycemia. There was no difference in the blood glucose levels at the start of nilotinib treatment among the groups. Two years after starting nilotinib, the blood glucose levels in the new DM group (232 (186-296) mg/dL) and prior DM group (168 (123-269) mg/dL) were significantly higher than those in the non-DM group (100 (91-115) mg/dL). ΔHbA1c levels in the new DM group (1.3 (0.9-2.2) %) and prior DM group (1.6 (0.7-1.7) %) were significantly higher than those in the non-DM group (-0.2 (-0.3-0.1) %). Conclusion Nilotinib caused diabetes in 23.8% of the participants, but there were no hyperglycemia-related severe adverse events. Therefore, nilotinib may be safely continued with regular monitoring for the development of diabetes after nilotinib administration.

Background: The impact of hand strength in consideration of sedentary behaviour on diabetes management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of hand strength on HbA1c, body mass index (BMI) and body composition by group according to the duration of sedentary behaviour in Japanese patients with T2DM., Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional, single-centre study, hand strength standardised by bodyweight (GS) and sedentary time (ST), were obtained and analysed in a total of 270 Japanese T2DM outpatients in 2021. After dividing the patients into four categories of median values (high and low GS, and long and short ST), odds ratios (ORs) for good control of HbA1c, BMI, waist circumference (WC) and intra-abdominal fat (IAF) were investigated using logistic regression models., Results: The high GS/short ST group was found to have a significantly higher (OR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 4.03; P = 0.049) for controlled HbA1c compared with that of the low GS/long ST group. The high GS/short ST and the high GS/long ST groups had significantly higher ORs for controlled BMI, WC and IAF compared with the OR of the low GS/long ST group. In addition, the ORs were significantly increased with a positive trend in order from low GS/long ST, low GS/short ST, high GS/long ST, to high GS/short ST in all models ( P < 0.001 for trend)., Conclusion: Hand strength, with modest effects from sedentary behaviour, could be helpful for diabetes management in T2DM patients., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: None., (© Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2024.)

Aim: Grip strength (GS) as a surrogate for muscular strength, waist circumference (WC) as a surrogate marker of visceral fat, and body mass index (BMI) as a surrogate marker of obesity should also be considered markers for the management of risks associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, in terms of the management of T2DM in elderly patients, the accentuated heterogeneity of sarcopenic change might modify the associations between those factors and glycemic control. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to clarify the impact of GS, WC, and BMI on hemoglobin A 1c (HbA 1c ) in elderly Japanese patients with T2DM., Methods: GS, WC, and BMI were measured in 327 patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for good glycemic control (HbA 1c  < 7.0%) were investigated to analyze the three variables as numerical values by dividing them into tertiles. All results were expressed after adjustment was made for the confounders of age, sex, and number of diabetes medications being used by the study participants., Results: The ORs of GS, WC, and BMI for well-controlled HbA 1c were 1.056 (95% CI, 1.016-1.098), 0.986 (95% CI, 0.960-1.013), and 1.032 (95% CI, 0.959-1.111), respectively. The OR of 3.726 (95% CI, 1.831-7.581) in the high tertile for GS was significantly higher than the OR in the low tertile, and no differences were observed among the tertiles for WC and BMI., Conclusions: Based on that result, GS was found to have more potential as an effective marker of glycemic control than WC or BMI among elderly Japanese patients with T2DM. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 410-414., (© 2024 The Authors. Geriatrics & Gerontology International published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japan Geriatrics Society.)