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Background The extraction of the middle latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) is usually done by moving time averaging (MTA) over many sweeps (often 250-1,000), which could produce a delay of more than 1 min. This problem was addressed by applying an autoregressive model with exogenous input (ARX) that enables extraction of the auditory evoked potentials (AEP) within 15 sweeps. The objective of this study was to show that an AEP could be extracted faster by ARX than by MTA and with the same reliability. Methods The MTA and ARX methods were compared with the Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale (MOAAS) in 15 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery and anesthetized with propofol. The peak amplitudes and latencies were recorded continuously for the MTA- and ARX-extracted AEP. An index, AAI, was derived from the ARX-extracted AEP as well. Results The best predictors of the awake and anesthetized states, in terms of the prediction probability, Pk, were the AAI (Pk [SE] = 0.93 [0.01]) and Na-Pa amplitude (MTA, Pk [SE] = 0.89 [0.02]; ARX, Pk [SE] = 0.87[0.02]). When comparing the AAI at the MOAAS levels 5-3 versus 2-0, significant differences were achieved. During the transitions from awake to asleep, the ARX-extracted AEP were obtained with significantly less delay than the MTA-extracted AEP (28.4 s vs. 6 s). Conclusion The authors conclude that the MLAEP peaks and the AAI correlate well to the MOAAS, whether extracted by MTA or ARX, but the ARX method produced a significantly shorter delay than the MTA.

We investigate which hypothesis, the “better mate hypothesis” or the “better territory hypothesis” best explains the unusually high divorce rate (59%) in a population of blue tits (Parus caeruleus) living in a sclerophyllous habitat characterised by severe environmental constraints (trophic, parasitic, climatic) on the island of Corsica, France. Using data from the breeding seasons 1985–1998 and from a brood size experiment (1990–1993) we examined the causes of divorce and their consequences on breeding performance, mate assortment and territory choice. Breeding performance had no significant effect on whether birds re-united or divorced in the next breeding season. Re-uniting pairs did better than divorced females and the latter improved their breeding performance compared to prior to divorce, but this was mainly due to age and territory effects. There were no differences in male performance depending on whether they re-united or divorced. The age combination of pairs did not differ between re-uniting and divorcing pairs, but mate assortment changed after divorce with males re-mating more often with older partners than females. Manipulation of brood size showed a trend for birds with enlarged broods to divorce more. Pairs responded significantly to territory quality by divorcing more often in poor than in good breeding sites. Both faithful pairs and male divorcees had shorter breeding dispersal distances than female divorcees. Divorce rates were determined by the large differences in quality among breeding sites. Males, whatever their status, usually retained their previous territory whereas divorced females moved significantly longer distances and improved their breeding site. Moving to a better territory after divorce benefits only females which appear to be the choosing sex in the decision to divorce. This study strongly supports the “habitat mediated hypothesis” and we suggest that the large observed intraspecific variation in the magnitude of divorce rates in many species of birds is mostly determined by habitat characteristics.

In altricial birds, adults are expected to alleviate the impact of parasitism on their young by increasing parental care. We experimentally investigated the effects of blowfly parasitism on adult behaviour in the nest cavity in a population of Blue Tits in which nestlings are heavily parasitized by blowfly larvae. The behaviour of males and females was different, since only the females carried out nest sanitation activities related to the presence of parasites. The time females devoted to nest sanitation was higher in parasitized nests than in experimentally deparasitized ones, suggesting that chicks and adults might share the costs of blowfly parasitism.

Risk taking, as is any other phenotypic and/or behavioural trait, is determined by proximate constraints related to time or resource availability and by evolutionary adaptive restraints related to the differences in the costs of risk taking and its benefits in terms of fitness. Because risk taking is influenced by many confounding variables related to experimental design, environment, parents and offspring, few field studies have been reported which unambiguously separate the effects of restraints from those of constraints. We compared parental risk taking in blue tits ( Parus caeruleus ) during brood defence towards a nest predator in broods with experimentally reduced and natural egg–hatching success leaving the original number of eggs in the nest. The experimentally reduced broods had more time or resources available and lower risk–taking benefits compared to the control broods. ‘Constraint’ would predict more risk taking in broods having experimentally reduced egg–hatching success, whereas ‘restraint’ would predict the opposite effect with more risk taking in broods with natural egg–hatching success. We report, to our knowledge, the first field study experimentally demonstrating a brood defence restraint in response to reduced egg–hatching success. This demonstration was only possible after controlling for more than 20 potential confounding variables showing once more how complicated it is to separate proximate from evolutionary levels of analyses in natural populations.

Coffee consumption has been reported to decrease oxidative damage in peripheral white blood cells (WBC). However, effects on the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks, a well established marker of health risk, have not been specifically reported yet. We analyzed the impact of consuming a dark roast coffee blend on the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks.Healthy men (n = 84) were randomized to consume daily for 4 weeks either 750 ml of fresh coffee brew or 750 ml of water, subsequent to a run in washout phase of 4 weeks. The study coffee was a blend providing high amounts of both caffeoylquinic acids (10.18 ± 0.33 mg/g) and the roast product N-methylpyridinium (1.10 ± 0.05 mg/g). Before and after the coffee/water consumption phase, spontaneous strand breaks were determined by comet assay.At baseline, both groups exhibited a similar level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks. In the intervention phase, spontaneous DNA strand breaks slightly increased in the control (water only) group whereas they significantly decreased in the coffee group, leading to a 27% difference within both arms (p = 0.0002). Food frequency questionnaires indicated no differences in the overall diet between groups, and mean body weight during the intervention phases remained stable. The consumption of the study coffee substantially lowered the level of spontaneous DNA strand breaks in WBC.We conclude that regular coffee consumption contributes to DNA integrity.

Platoon vehicles coordination is an important topic at Intelligent Transportation Systems these days. For coordinating two or more vehicles, it is needed both a communication method between them, and an environment sensing strategy enabling the triangulation and correction, when needed, of each vehicle relative position within the desired platoon.

Plastic formulations containing up to 40% starch were prepared and blown into thin films using extrusion methods. Extruded films were evaluated for their biodegradability by exposing them to a consortium of starch degrading bacteria in the laboratory for 45 days and in the ‘La Silla’ river located in Monterrey, N.L. Mexico for up to 60 days. Biodegradability was assessed by measuring changes in weight loss and chemical composition of the films using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. While little or no degradation was apparent in control films made up of 100% low density polyethylene (LDPE) or 100% poly-(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) (EAA), most of the starch was depleted in starch-containing films exposed in the river. Starch degradation in films exposed to amylolytic bacteria in the laboratory was relatively slower. Also, increasing the amount of EAA from 25% to 50% substantially reduced starch depletion in these films.

In the present article our purpose is to share the design and some initial validation test results we have developed with a new extended cellular automata simulation model. Such new model is equipped to simulate both overtaking and two basic driving behaviour rough patterns: Some virtual drivers facilitate others drivers' manoeuvres and some do not do so.

With the tenfold luminosity increase envisaged at the HL-LHC, the background (photons, neutrons, ...) and the event pile-up probability are expected to increase in proportion in the different experiments, especially in the forward regions like, for instance, the muons chambers of the ATLAS detector. Detectors based on the Micromegas principle should be good alternatives for the detector upgrade in the HL-LHC framework because of a good spatial ( 98%) can be achieved with resistive-anode micromegas detector. An X-rays irradiation has been also performed, showing no ageing effect after more than 21 days exposure and an integrated charge of almost 1C. With the tenfold luminosity increase envisaged at the HL-LHC, the background (photons, neutrons, ...) and the event pile-up probability are expected to increase in proportion in the different experiments, especially in the forward regions like, for instance, the muons chambers of the ATLAS detector. Detectors based on the Micromegas principle should be good alternatives for the detector upgrade in the HL-LHC framework because of a good spatial ( 98%) can be achieved with resistive-anode micromegas detector. An X-rays irradiation has been also performed, showing no ageing effect after more than 21 days exposure and an integrated charge of almost 1C.

Intelligent Vehicle Robotics is a research area affordable only to big size research groups, mainly because of its high costs. By the present work we propose to develop Intelligent Vehicle Robotics research with modest budgets using an accurately scaled platform. We have developed a scaled intelligent vehicle model to simulate private electric vehicles. It is a low cost, flexible, expandable and open platform that has been meant to test intelligent vehicle solutions to be, after that tested in real scale intelligent vehicles. We have called the model ASEIMOV, standing for Autonomous Scaled Electric Intelligent MOnitored Vehicle. The model consists of a scaled electric vehicle that has been equipped with sensors, web cameras, a PC computer, batteries and ballasts to simulate physically and through software an electric smart vehicle. A carefully scaled vehicle means that the successful solutions tested on the scaled platform are worthy to be tried on real scale smart vehicles in a further step of research. Through this work we describe the ASEIMOV model.

In our group we have been dealing with traffic simulation for a few years. We plan to develop research initiatives in order to give our microsimulators a higher level of accuracy. We believe that it could help to have a multimodal microsimulation, in the sense of making virtual traffic to be composed not just by one generic vehicle type, but a set of specific types. Aiming to this target we have performed the research presented in this paper. We have performed a telephone survey, and fieldwork traffic video recordings in order to isolated some driver patterns in the traffic of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Canary Islands, Spain. In this paper it is presented the methodology and the early results of the clustering of samples into driver types, based on a small amount of variables. They will be used later in future research to implement multimodal traffic microsimulators. We expect that using the obtained patterns, in the same proportions we have found them, may result in a closer to reality microsimulation.

We have designed a new urban travel route optimization model in combination with a new microscopic simulation paradigm. The core of the system stands over the assumption that we can have a traffic network with an Advanced Traffic Information System (ATIS) installed that advises drivers at every intersection as to which direction to take, depending of their destination. We have implemented a parallel Genetic Algorithm, running over a Beowulf cluster that performs a real-time optimization yielding that set of advised routes. By these means we propose an implicitly adaptable, expandable and flexible solution for the traveler route assignment problem, in order to maximize the performance of an urban network. Although in Dynamic Traffic Assignment (DTA) a rigorous Wardrop's User Equilibrium --- [6] --- cannot be fully carried out, we have developed a set of experiment aiming to see if there is a visible tendency to a User Equilibrium state for the proposed model. Results are encouraging.

Mediterranean evergreen forests of Corsica are characterized by relatively high species diversity of arthropods with low population densities. Food is never superabundant for Corsican blue tits Parus caeruleus. This study focused on the composition of the food of blue tit nestlings and especially on two main components, caterpillars and spiders. The nestling diet was studied for two years using 8-mm cameras that automatically took photographs of adult birds with food. The diet was composed of c. 50% caterpillars and c. 30% spiders. There were between-year and between-individual differences in these proportions. In both years of the study the proportion of caterpillars declined during the course of the breeding season. Individual and time effects on prey sizes were also observed. Pairs and individuals were fairly constant in the proportions of prey over the feeding period. Different food items were not brought in runs. These findings suggest that strong food limitation exists on Corsica, which can considerably influence life-history traits of the blue tit.

Periodontal disease is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are considered key pathogens in periodontitis. The treatment consists of oral hygiene education, instrumentation for removal of calculus (scaling), chemotherapy and periodontal surgery. Several agents are commercially available; these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicine and the use of biomaterials are considered good alternatives. Chitosan and pullulan are polymers that have been proposed due to their favorable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and adhesion ability. They can be used as local delivery systems of active principles of plant extracts. Thymus vulgaris, Matricaria chamomilla, Croton lechleri, Calendula officinalis L. and Juliana adstringens Schl. are known to have medicinal activity, and they are used in Mexican traditional medicine. Their extracts were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans, using agar diffusion and microdilution methods. The antimicrobial activity of films from biopolymers with plant extracts was evaluated by measuring the zones of inhibition against the tested organisms. The aim of this study was to develop bioadhesive films from chitosan and pullulan with added plant extracts and determine the antimicrobial activity of films against periodontal pathogens.

The need of an enzymatic cleaner for soft contact lens care with an improved ocular safety and stability profile led us to evaluate the use of nanoparticles (NPs) of poly(D,L-lactide-coglycolide) (PLGA) and methyl trypsin (MT). NPs were prepared by double emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. A factorial design was performed to select the lactic acid proportion in the copolymer and conditions of the second sonication. The increment in proportion of lactic acid provided higher particle size results. When the time of second sonication was decreased, the entrapment efficiency (EE) increased. PLGA 50:50 NPs were chosen for further development since PLGA 50:50H NPs settled fast with different particle size in the sediment and PLGA 75:25 NPs led to form aggregates. The addition of glycerol to the NPs provided the highest EE of MT (90%) while the addition of Tetronic 1304 promoted the fast release of enzyme initially and decreased the zeta potential (zeta) up to neutral values after gamma irradiation. NPs are expected to be effective as a lens care cleaner after 3 days or even longer with a very low quantity of enzyme released. Formulations showed an acceptable irritation ocular tolerance after in vitro HET-CAM test and in vivo Draize test.

Relationships between plant form, plant function, and environmental factors are analyzed in order to test the efficiency of growth form attributes and phenomorphology for studying vegetation on a regional scale. Examples of sclerophyllous evergreen coppices with Quercus ilex in the mediterranean climate of southern France are examined. The results for three growth form attributes (renewal bud location, leaf consistency, leaf size) and some environmental factors show that these criteria are efficient along a gradient of increasing stress. Concerning phenomorphology, some trends along the main environmental gradient become evident, but these results should be confirmed with descriptions of more species. It is suggested that man's ancient, very strong influence upon these ecosystems could explain some results showing that growth form distribution does not fit the pattern of variation in environmental factors.

The goal of this study is to apply an elastic viscoplastic self-consistent crystal plasticity model to predict the texture evolution in a Ti-6Al-4V alloy which has a (mainly) hexagonal crystal structure. The model under consideration is an extension of the viscoplastic self-consistent model proposed by Lebensohn and Tome [1993] which has been adapted to account for elasticity and has been integrated with a new algorithm, making it more computationally efficient within an implicit FE scheme. The flow behavior of Ti-6Al-4V is strongly dependent on strain rate and temperature. To estimate the model parameters, the flow behavior of quasi-static experiments is used. A temperature sensitivity term has been introduced to correct the effects of temperature increase during the dynamic experiments. In order to have a meaningful rate sensitivity exponent, a value is calculated based on valid experimental data, rather than choosing an arbitrary large numerical value. In this way the behavior of Ti-6Al-4V is captured at different strain rates. Predictions of the model are compared to experimental data.

B. Sullivan, A. Bhatt, F. Huang, R. Atun, M. Maruthappu, J. Fitchett, M. Head; Brigham and Women’s Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA/US, Stanford University, Stanford, CA/ US, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute / Harvard Medical School / Global Oncology, Inc., Boston, MA/US, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA/US, Imperial College London, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London, UK, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, Infectious Diseases Research Network, London, UK

Objective: To analyze seizure control and treatment in pregnant women with epilepsy. Methods: Seizure control and treatment were recorded prospectively in 1,956 pregnancies of 1,882 women with epilepsy participating in EURAP, an international antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and pregnancy registry. Results: Of all cases, 58.3% were seizure-free throughout pregnancy. Occurrence of any seizures was associated with localization-related epilepsy (OR: 2.5; 1.7 to 3.9) and polytherapy (OR: 9.0; 5.6 to 14.8) and for tonic-clonic seizures, with oxcarbazepine monotherapy (OR: 5.4; 1.6 to 17.1). Using first trimester as reference, seizure control remained unchanged throughout pregnancy in 63.6%, 92.7% of whom were seizure-free during the entire pregnancy. For those with a change in seizure frequency, 17.3% had an increase and 15.9% a decrease. Seizures occurred during delivery in 60 pregnancies (3.5%), more commonly in women with seizures during pregnancy (OR: 4.8; 2.3 to 10.0). There were 36 cases of status epilepticus (12 convulsive), which resulted in stillbirth in one case but no cases of miscarriage or maternal mortality. AED treatment remained unchanged in 62.7% of the pregnancies. The number or dosage of AEDs were more often increased in pregnancies with seizures (OR: 3.6; 2.8 to 4.7) and with monotherapy with lamotrigine (OR: 3.8; 2.1 to 6.9) or oxcarbazepine (OR: 3.7; 1.1 to 12.9). Conclusions: The majority of patients with epilepsy maintain seizure control during pregnancy. The apparently higher risk of seizures among women treated with oxcarbazepine and the more frequent increases in drug load in the oxcarbazepine and lamotrigine cohorts prompts further studies on relationships with pharmacokinetic changes. Risks associated with status epilepticus appear to be lower than previously reported.

Programming with assertions constitutes an effective tool to detect and correct programming errors. The ability of executing formal specifications is essential in order to test automatically a program with respect to its assertions. However, formal specifications may describe recursive models which are difficult to identify so current assertion checkers limit, in a considerable way, the expressivity of the assertion language. In this paper, we are interested in showing how transformational synthesis can help to execute “expressive” assertions of the form ∀x(r(x) ⇔ QyR(x, y)) where x is a set of variables to be instantiated at execution time, Q is an existential or universal quantifier and R a quantifier free formula in the language of a particular first-order theory A we call assertion context. The class of assertion contexts is interesting because it presents a balance between expressiveness for writing assertions and existence of effective methods for executing them by means of synthesized (definite) logic programs.

The relation between changes in the concentrations of some of the neuroactive extracellular amino acids (glutamate, aspartate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glycine and taurine) and epileptic seizures has been tested in a new experimental model of seizures induced by picrotoxin microdialysis in chronic freely moving rats. During ictal discharges (paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges associated with behavioral seizures), a significant decrease in the levels of extracellular aspartate and glutamate was observed. However, no changes were found during the interictal discharges (paroxysmal electroencephalographic discharges, without concomitant seizures). Our results suggest that modifications in extracellular aspartate and glutamate may be related to neuronal synchronization rather than to paroxysmal activity, supporting the neurophysiological differences between non-ictal and ictal paroxysmal activity.

Photon-assisted tunneling (PAT), long restricted to transport in superconducting junctions1, has recently emerged in transport in semiconductor superlattices and nanostructures in the presence of high frequency fields2,3,4,5,6,7,8 The full character of PAT, however, has not been experimentally established.

IntroductionQuality of life in patients with schizophrenia has been associated with severity of psychotic symptoms, adverse events and insight.ObjectivesDetermine variables related to quality of life. This communication is focused on variables directly related to pharmacological treatment.MethodsNon-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional study. Outpatients with stable schizophrenia (according to clinical criteria) who had the last acute episode at least 2 months before were included. EuroQol-5D was used to assess quality of life, and GAF to assess functioning.Results941 patients were included in the study and 931 patients were analyzed. Mean index EuroQol-5D score (range: from -0.594 to1) was 0.7 (CI95%: 0.7,0.8), on EuroQol-5D Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was 65.4 (CI95%: 64.2,66.6) and GAF mean score was 59.7 (CI95%: 58.7,60.8).Variables with correlations statistically significant (p < 0.05) on quality of life and functioning were: no. of antipsychotics, length on antipsychotic treatment, no. of non-antipsychotic drugs, no. total of drugs, no. of adverse events (AEs), no. of moderate AEs, no. of severe AEs and severity of AEs (sum of severity of every AEs from 1 to 5).ConclusionIn this sample a difference in quality of life and functioning in patients based on the number of treatments (antipsychotic and non-antipsychotic), length with antipsychotic treatment and adverse events (any severity) was shown. In order not to impair quality of life and functioning, the least number of drugs should be used and attitude towards medication should be worked.Study sponsored by AstraZeneca Spain.

IntroductionAttitude towards medication has been associated with compliance, but different variables have been associated with them.PurposeAssess relationship between attitude towards medication and compliance, and to evaluate variables related to treatment associated with them.MethodsNon-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional study. Outpatients with stable schizophrenia (according to clinical criteria) who had the last acute episode at least 2 months before were included.Results941 patients recruited were included in the study, 931 patients were included in the statistical analysis.Mean score on DAI was 4.2 and in its subscales: 1.6 on general attitude 2.8 on subjective effect 2.8. Mean score on compliance (a component of David's scale of insight), with range from 0 to 4, was: 3.0.There were statistically significant (p < 0.0001) correlations between this subscale of David's insight scale and total DAI score (r = 0.495), with general attitude (r = 0.480) and with subjective effect (r = 0.419).Variables related to medication with association statistically (p < 0.005) with DAI (total score and both subscales) were: length of treatment with current antipsychotic, number of total adverse events (AEs), moderate AEs, severe AEs, and total severity of adverse events (sum of severity of each one). All of them, except number of severe AEs, had statistically significant relationship (p < 0.05) with compliance.ConclusionVariables related to attitude towards medication (DAI total and both subscale) were very similar to those related to compliance (construct of David's insight scale). Adverse events and length of antipsychotic treatment had a clear clinical relevance. Study sponsored by AstraZeneca Spain, S.A.

IntroductionDepressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia has been associated with overall worse outcomes.ObjectiveAssess the prevalence and evolution of depressive symptoms, measured with the Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), and its importance in subjective evaluation.MethodsNon-interventional, prospective (6 moths of follow-up) study of a cohort of patients with schizophrenia of schizoaffective disorders who have had a clinical relapse that required a change in the therapeutic strategy.Results305 patients were included, 288 (94.4%) was the population analyzed and 272 (89.1%) completed the follow-up. 226 (78.5%) of patients have a diagnosis of schizophrenia, the rest were diagnosed of schizoaffective disorder.CDSS (unlike SWN-K, PANSS, DAI-10, ICG-G nor PSP) at baseline was correlated (r = −0.18497, p = 0.0016) with Patient Global Impression (PGI) in month_6.Depressive symptoms were the only ones at baseline with statistically significant association to positive response in SWN-K and PGI in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOver 50% of patients had depression in relapse time, with a good progress of those symptoms in the follow-up period.Depressive symptoms were the unique at baseline associated with a good subjective evaluation from the patient.

IntroductionThe STAR*D is a pragmatic clinical trial that showed lower remission rate and higher relapse rate when more strategies were used.[1]Objectives and aimsAssess clinical improvement in symptoms related to depression, anxiety and sleep, based on the number of strategies used.MethodsDescriptive, non-interventional, prospective study including outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) with sub-optimal response to standard antidepressants. In those patients a change on the therapeutic strategy (switch of antidepressant, combination of antidepressants, augmentation or a combination of previous strategies) had to be considered necessary. Follow-up period was 22–26 weeks.Results364 patients were included by 58 psychiatrists, 336 were analyzed (92.3%) and 315 (86.5%) completed the follow-up.[Difference last visit vs. basal]p < 0.0001 in all measuresConclusionsThe more changes on strategies used the less improvement on clinical symptoms and remission rates.This study has been sponsored by AstraZeneca Farmaceutica Spain, SA.

IntroductionThere are few clinical studies about strategies used in depression in clinical practice.ObjectivesDescribe therapeutic strategies used in psychiatric care in patients with depression who had a suboptimal response to standard antidepressants under real-life conditions.MethodsNon-interventional study that included a prospective cohort of outpatients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) who needed a change on the treatment. Strategies were group as: switch of antidepressant, combination of antidepressants, augmentation or a combination of previous strategies. Follow-up period was 22-26 weeks.Results364 patients were included by 58 psychiatrists, 336 were analyzed (92.3%) and 315 (86.5%) completed the follow-up.[Strategies selected in each change][Relationship between no. changes and no. strategie]ConclusionsStrategies more used were: switch to another antidepressant, combination of antidepressant, augmentation and multiple strategies.Although a change of treatment was decided, frequently it was selected a strategy used in the past.This study has been sponsored by AstraZeneca Farmaceutica Spain, SA.