172 results on '"Jihua Xu"'
Search Results
52. Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Kyla N. Horner, Karen K. Tanino, and Stephen J. Robinson
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Population ,Bisulfite sequencing ,Quantitative trait variation ,Plant Science ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Strawberry ,Fragaria ,Epigenesis, Genetic ,03 medical and health sciences ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,5-azacytidine ,Fragaria vesca ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Genotype ,Epigenetics ,Allele ,Enzyme Inhibitors ,education ,Genetics ,education.field_of_study ,DNA methylation ,030104 developmental biology ,Phenotype ,Genetic marker ,Azacitidine ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Phenotypic variation is determined by a combination of genotype, environment and their interactions. The realization that allelic diversity can be both genetic and epigenetic allows the environmental component to be further separated. Partitioning phenotypic variation observed among inbred lines with an altered epigenome can allow the epigenetic component controlling quantitative traits to be estimated. To assess the contribution of epialleles on phenotypic variation and determine the fidelity with which epialleles are inherited, we have developed a novel hypomethylated population of strawberry (2n = 2x = 14) using 5-azacytidine from which individuals with altered phenotypes can be identified, selected and characterized. Results The hypomethylated population was generated using an inbred strawberry population in the F. vesca ssp. vesca accession Hawaii 4. Analysis of whole genome sequence data from control and hypomethylated lines indicate that 5-azacytidine exposure does not increase SNP above background levels. The populations contained only Hawaii 4 alleles, removing introgression of alternate F. vesca alleles as a potential source of variation. Although genome sequencing and genetic marker data are unable to rule out 5-azacytidine induced chromosomal rearrangements as a potential source of the trait variation observed, none were detected in our survey. Quantitative trait variation focusing on flowering time and rosette diameter was scored in control and treated populations where expanded levels of variation were observed among the hypomethylated lines. Methylation sensitive molecular markers indicated that 5-azacytidine induced alterations in DNA methylation patterns and inheritance of methylation patterns were confirmed by bisulfite sequencing of targeted regions. It is possible that methylation polymorphisms might underlie or have induced genetic changes underlying the observable differences in quantitative phenotypes. Conclusions This population developed in a uniform genetic background provides a resource for the discovery of new variation controlling quantitative traits. Genome sequence analysis indicates that 5-azacytidine did not induce point mutations and the induced variation is largely restricted to DNA methylation. Using this resource, we have identified new variation and demonstrated the inheritance of both variant trait and methylation patterns. Although direct associations remain to be determined, these data suggest epigenetic variation might be subject to selection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0936-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. more...
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- 2016
53. Additional file 5: Table S3. of Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Tanino, Karen, Horner, Kyla, and Robinson, Stephen
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Summary of the depth and breath of sequence reads alignements in the control and 5-azaC treatment lines. a. The distribution of coverage in each line across the genome; b. The distribution of depth of coverage in each line across the genome. (DOC 61Â kb) more...
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- 2016
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54. Additional file 6: Table S4. of Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Tanino, Karen, Horner, Kyla, and Robinson, Stephen
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Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparing cytosine methylation levels among exposure to different concentration of 5-azaC. (DOC 55Â kb)
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- 2016
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55. Additional file 3: Table S2. of Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Tanino, Karen, Horner, Kyla, and Robinson, Stephen
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Primers used in bisulfite sequencing PCR. (DOC 47Â kb)
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- 2016
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56. Additional file 7: Table S5. of Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Tanino, Karen, Horner, Kyla, and Robinson, Stephen
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A summary of DNA methylation profile in five control lines and 22 randomly selected epimutagenized population lines. (DOC 77Â kb)
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- 2016
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57. Additional file 1: Table S1. of Quantitative trait variation is revealed in a novel hypomethylated population of woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca)
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Jihua Xu, Tanino, Karen, Horner, Kyla, and Robinson, Stephen
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animal diseases ,food and beverages - Abstract
Adaptors and primers used in AFLP and MSAP analysis. a. Sequences of adaptors and primers used for pre-selective amplification and selective amplification in AFLP; b. Sequences of adaptors and primers used for pre-selective amplification and selective amplification in MSAP. (DOC 59Â kb) more...
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- 2016
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58. A Diagnosis of the Metabolic Syndrome in Youth That Resolves by Adult Life Is Associated With a Normalization of High Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Risk
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Markus Juonala, Mika Kähönen, Michael R. Skilton, Leena Taittonen, Russell Thomson, Tapani Rönnemaa, Matthew A. Sabin, Gerald S. Berenson, Jorma Viikari, Costan G. Magnussen, Michael D. Schmidt, Jihua Xu, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi Laitinen, Juha Koskinen, Wei Chen, Olli T. Raitakari, and Quoc Manh Nguyen more...
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Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Retrospective cohort study ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,3. Good health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adult life ,0302 clinical medicine ,Intima-media thickness ,Diabetes mellitus ,cardiovascular system ,medicine ,cardiovascular diseases ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Young adult ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of resolution from metabolic syndrome (MetS) between youth and adulthood on carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and type 2 diabet... more...
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- 2012
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59. Low Birth Weight Is Associated With Higher Blood Pressure Variability From Childhood to Young Adulthood: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Gerald S. Berenson, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Camilo Fernandez, Shengxu Li, Jihua Xu, and Lu Yao
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Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Original Contributions ,Coefficient of variation ,Birth weight ,Diastole ,Blood Pressure ,Gestational Age ,Standard deviation ,Young Adult ,Sex Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Birth Weight ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Young adult ,Child ,business.industry ,Racial Groups ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Gestational age ,Infant, Low Birth Weight ,Middle Aged ,Louisiana ,Low birth weight ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Blood pressure ,Child, Preschool ,Cardiology ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The association between birth weight and long-term within-individual variability of blood pressure (BP) was examined in a longitudinal cohort of 1,454 adults (939 whites and 515 blacks; adulthood age = 19–50 years) enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study in Bogalusa, Louisiana, in 1973–2010. BP variability was depicted as standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and deviation from age-predicted values using 6–15 serial BP measurements from childhood to adulthood over an average of 25.7 years. Birth weight was significantly and negatively associated with adulthood BP levels, long-term BP levels, and rate of change. Importantly, low birth weight was significantly associated with increased BP variability in terms of standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and deviation. As evaluated using the regression coefficients, a 1-kg lower birth weight was associated with increases in systolic BP variability measures (−0.38 mm Hg, P = 0.04 for standard deviation; −0.004 mm Hg, P = 0.01 for coefficient of variation; and −0.16 mm Hg, P = 0.04 for deviation) after adjustment for race, age, sex, mean BP levels, and gestational age; similar trends in the associations were noted for diastolic BP variability measures. In conclusion, these findings suggest that birth weight affects not only BP levels but also the magnitude of within-individual BP fluctuations over time through fetal programming in BP regulation mechanisms. more...
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- 2012
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60. Correlates of Age Onset of Type 2 Diabetes Among Relatively Young Black and White Adults in a Community
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Quoc Manh Nguyen, Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Wei Chen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,Risk Assessment ,White People ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prospective Studies ,Age of Onset ,Prospective cohort study ,Original Research ,Adiposity ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Hazard ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Louisiana ,3. Good health ,Black or African American ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cohort ,Female ,Age of onset ,business ,Body mass index ,Diabetic Angiopathies ,Demography ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVE The risk factors for middle-age onset of type 2 diabetes are well known. However, information is scant regarding the age onset of type 2 diabetes and its correlates in community-based black and white relatively young adults. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This prospective cohort study consisted of normoglycemic (n = 2,459) and type 2 diabetic (n = 144) adults aged 18–50 years who were followed for an average of 16 years. RESULTS The incidence rate of the onset of type 2 diabetes was 1.6, 4.3, 3.9, and 3.4 per 1,000 person-years for age-groups 18–29, 30–39, and 40–50 and total sample, respectively. Incidences of diabetes increased with age by race and sex groups (P for trend ≤0.01); higher in black females versus white females and blacks versus whites in total sample (P < 0.05). In a multivariable Cox model, baseline parental diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 5.24) and plasma insulin were significantly associated with diabetes incidence at the youngest age (18–29 years); black race, BMI, and glucose at age 30–39 years; female sex, parental diabetes (HR 2.44), BMI, ratio of triglycerides and HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C ratio), and glucose at age 40–50 years; and black race, parental diabetes (HR 2.44), BMI, TG/HDL-C ratio, and glucose in whole cohort. Further, patients with diabetes, regardless of age onset, displayed a significantly higher prevalence of maternal history of diabetes at baseline (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In relatively young adults, predictability of baseline cardiometabolic risk factors along with race, sex, and parental history of diabetes for the onset of type 2 diabetes varied by age-group. These findings have implications for early prevention and intervention in relatively young adults. more...
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- 2012
61. Elevated Liver Function Enzymes Are Related to the Development of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Younger Adults
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Susan Hassig, Quoc Manh Nguyen, Gerald S. Berenson, Jihua Xu, Janet C. Rice, Wei Chen, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Diabetes risk ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,digestive system ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Prediabetes ,Gamma-glutamyltransferase ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,biology ,business.industry ,Fatty liver ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,3. Good health ,Endocrinology ,Alanine transaminase ,biology.protein ,Metabolic syndrome ,business - Abstract
OBJECTIVE Elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), surrogate markers of liver dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver, are considered as part of metabolic syndrome and related type 2 diabetes. However, information is limited regarding the long-term predictability of ALT and GGT in the development of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, normoglycemic (n = 874), prediabetic (n = 101), and diabetic (n = 80) adults aged 26–50 years (average age 41.3 years) were followed over an average period of 16 years since their young adulthood (aged 18–38 years, average age 25.1 years), with measurements of cardiometabolic risk factor variables including ALT and GGT. RESULTS The follow-up prevalence rate of adult diabetes status by quartiles of baseline ALT and GGT levels showed an adverse trend for both prediabetes (P < 0.05) and diabetes (P < 0.01). In a longitudinal multivariate logistic regression analysis that included anthropometric, hemodynamic, and metabolic variables, as well as alcohol consumption and smoking, individuals with elevated baseline ALT and GGT levels (per 1-SD increment) were 1.16 and 1.20 times, respectively, more likely to develop diabetes (P = 0.05 for ALT and P < 0.01 for GGT); no such associations were noted for prediabetes. Regarding the predictive value of ALT and GGT, the area under the receiver operating curve analysis yielded C values ranging from 0.70 to 0.82, with values significantly higher for diabetes compared with prediabetes. CONCLUSIONS These findings in younger adults suggest potential clinical utility of including ALT and GGT as biomarkers in diabetes risk assessment formulations. more...
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- 2011
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62. Stimulus response of blood pressure in black and white young individuals helps explain racial divergence in adult cardiovascular disease: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Jihua Xu, Camilo Fernandez, Thomas D. Giles, Gerald S. Berenson, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, and Wei Chen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Physiology ,Hemodynamics ,Blood Pressure ,Disease ,Article ,White People ,Heart Rate ,Parasympathetic Nervous System ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Circadian rhythm ,education ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Stressor ,Middle age ,Circadian Rhythm ,Black or African American ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) is a highly variable physiologic trait with short-term and long-term fluctuations within the same individual at different time points. The burden of BP on the cardiovascular (CV) system has been studied in terms of multiple cross-sectional BP measurements at rest, response of BP to stresses, and long-term longitudinal variability of BP. Observations from childhood are available extending into early middle age in the biracial (black-white) population of Bogalusa, Louisiana. Left ventricular mass index was used to illustrate damaging effects on the CV system by both resting BP levels and fluctuations. Long-term BP variability reflecting intermittent and repeated variability was shown to have a greater effect in blacks. The childhood BP response to several stressors was found to be greater in blacks. These observations suggest that, although at rest a greater vagal effect occurs in blacks, they show a greater response when reacting to a stimulus. This, along with aspects such as carbohydrate-insulin metabolism or other biochemical/physiological differences, may account for the greater acceleration of CV atherosclerosis in blacks. The racial contrasts suggest, in part, that effects of lipoproteins may be greater in whites, whereas the effects of excess BP levels and variability of BP and Na(+)-K(+) intake and diet as well as other environmental effects result in more CV damage in blacks. The strong association of hemodynamic measures with anatomic, metabolic, and environmental factors emphasizes the need to begin prevention of risk factors at an early age. Taken together, understanding racial (black-white) contrasts to stress contribute to both prevention and treatment of hypertension, especially for black males. more...
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- 2011
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63. Pathogen-induced MdWRKY1 in ‘Qinguan’ Apple Enhances Disease Resistance
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Hua Gao, Hongke Fan, Zhengyang Zhao, Jihua Xu, Leicun Wang, and Fei Wang
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Reporter gene ,biology ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Plant disease resistance ,Alternaria ,biology.organism_classification ,Alternaria alternata ,WRKY protein domain ,Microbiology ,Transcription (biology) ,Botany ,Pathogen ,Transcription factor - Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors have important functions in plant-defense signalling networks. We isolated MdWRKY1 from the Chinese ‘Qinguan’ apple, which is resistant to Alternaria blotch or leaf spot. The MdWRKY1 protein was targeted to the nucleus and activated the expression of a reporter gene, consistent with the functioning of a transcription factor. When plants were infected with the pathogen Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali, MdWRKY1 was induced dramatically. Similarly, treatment with hormones SA and MeJA increased transcription significantly. Overexpression in tobacco also enhanced resistance to Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae Tucker. These results suggest that MdWRKY1 is a positive regulator of the defense response in higher plants. more...
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- 2011
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64. Progression of Segment-Specific Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness in Young Adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, Ahmet Toprak, Wei Chen, Quoc Manh Nguyen, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Mean arterial pressure ,Waist ,Risk Assessment ,Asymptomatic ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Young adult ,Ultrasonography ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Carotid Arteries ,Intima-media thickness ,Predictive value of tests ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,Tunica Intima ,Tunica Media ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) progression is predictive of future cardiovascular events in middle-age and older adults. However, information is scant on segment-specific CIMT progression by race (black vs white) and gender and its predictors during short-term follow-up in asymptomatic young adults. B-mode ultrasound images of the far walls of both carotid arteries were obtained in 842 subjects aged 24 to 43 years and enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study (70% whites and 42% men). The CIMT and cardiometabolic risk variables were measured at baseline and after an average of 2.4 years. The mean CIMT progression rates/year adjusted for age, race, and gender were greatest at the bulb, followed by the internal and common carotid segments (p more...
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- 2011
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65. Can Adult Cardiologists Play A Role In The Prevention Of Heart Disease Beginning In Childhood?
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Jihua Xu, Wei Chen, Camilo Fernandez, Gerald S. Berenson, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Adolescent ,Heart disease ,business.industry ,Cardiology ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Risk Assessment ,Young Adult ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Preventive Health Services ,Disease Progression ,medicine ,Humans ,Age of Onset ,Program Development ,Child ,business - Published
- 2010
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66. Changes and Variability in High Levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Among Children
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Jihua Xu, David S. Freedman, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Y. Claire Wang, Gerald S. Berenson, and William H. Dietz
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Population ,Low density lipoprotein cholesterol ,Hyperlipidemias ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Regression toward the mean ,Internal medicine ,Hyperlipidemia ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,education ,Ldl cholesterol ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol, LDL ,medicine.disease ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Disease Progression ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,business ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
OBJECTIVE:A 2008 report from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommended both population and individual approaches (including pharmacologic interventions) for adolescents who had low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels above various cutoff points (130, 160, and 190 mg/dL). However, the tracking and variability of these very high levels have not been investigated.METHODS:A total of 6827 subjects underwent multiple LDL cholesterol determinations in childhood and adulthood in the Bogalusa Heart Study. The total number of determinations was 26748, and the median interval between examinations was 3 years.RESULTS:Correlations between initial and subsequent LDL cholesterol levels ranged from r ∼ 0.8 for measurements made within the same year to r ∼ 0.5 for periods of ≥20 years. Most children who had very high LDL cholesterol levels, however, had substantially lower levels at the next examination. LDL cholesterol levels between 160 and 189 mg/dL (n = 201) decreased, on average, by 21 mg/dL at the next examination, whereas levels of ≥190 mg/dL (n = 44) decreased by 34 mg/dL. In contrast, the mean increase for LDL cholesterol levels of CONCLUSIONS:There can be large changes in extreme levels of LDL cholesterol because of regression to the mean, and practitioners should be aware that very high levels may decrease substantially in the absence of any intervention. more...
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- 2010
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67. Distribution and Cardiovascular Risk Correlates of Plasma Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Levels in Asymptomatic Young Adults from a Biracial Community: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Wei Chen, Gerald S. Berenson, Quoc Manh Nguyen, Jihua Xu, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Waist ,Epidemiology ,Physiology ,Risk Assessment ,Asymptomatic ,Cohort Studies ,Coronary artery disease ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Medicine ,Ultrasonography ,Metabolic Syndrome ,biology ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 ,medicine.disease ,stomatognathic diseases ,Carotid Arteries ,Endocrinology ,Intima-media thickness ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cohort ,biology.protein ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
That circulating soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) is associated with an increased risk for coronary artery disease is well recognized. However, information is scant regarding the distribution and cardiovascular (CV) risk correlates of sICAM-1 in asymptomatic young adults.Plasma sICAM-1 was measured in 1,184 black and white persons in the Bogalusa Heart Study cohort (70% white, 43% male), aged 24 to 44 years. CV risk was assessed in terms of CV risk factors, status of parental CV disease, and composite carotid intima-media thickness (IMT).sICAM-1 levels displayed race difference (whitesblacks, p0.0001), but no sex difference. In multivariate analysis including age, race, sex, smoking status, waist circumference, mean arterial pressure, low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL) cholesterols, triglycerides, insulin resistance index, C-reactive protein (CRP), and adiponectin, the significant predictors of sICAM-1, in order of entry, were race (whiteblack), smoking, CRP, and waist circumference. Furthermore, there was a smoking by waist circumference interaction in that smoking attenuated the magnitude of correlation between waist circumference and sICAM-1. Levels of sICAM-1 adjusted for age, race, sex, and smoking increased with number of metabolic syndrome components (p for trend0.01); positive family history of CV disease (p0.05); and increased in composite carotid IMT specific for age, race, and sex (p for trend0.05).These findings underscore the potential value of plasma sICAM-1 as an additional biomarker for CV risk among asymptomatic young adults. more...
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- 2010
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68. Utility of Waist-To-Height Ratio in Detecting Central Obesity and Related Adverse Cardiovascular Risk Profile Among Normal Weight Younger Adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Christine Y. Wei, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Gerald S. Berenson, Jihua Xu, and Ren Wang
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Carotid Artery, Common ,Abdominal Fat ,Blood lipids ,Blood Pressure ,Hyperuricemia ,Young Adult ,Insulin resistance ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Obesity ,Ultrasonography ,Waist-to-height ratio ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Body Height ,C-Reactive Protein ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,Liver function ,Insulin Resistance ,Waist Circumference ,Tunica Intima ,Tunica Media ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
Data on the utility of the waist-to-height ratio in detecting central obesity and related cardiovascular risk among normal weight younger adults are scant. This aspect was examined in 639 normal weight (body mass index 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m(2)) black and white adults (75% white and 36% men) 20 to 44 years old. The subjects with a waist-to-height ratio > or =0.5 were grouped as having central obesity normal weight, with the rest considered the control group. The subjects with central obesity, compared to the controls, after adjusting for age, race, and gender, had significantly greater diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglycerides, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, uric acid, C-reactive protein, and liver function enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and gamma-glutamyl transferase). On multivariate analysis, the central obesity group compared to the control group was 1.9, 2.2, 2.9, and 2.5 times more likely to have significantly adverse levels (top tertile vs the rest) of mean arterial pressure, triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and C-reactive protein, respectively. The central obesity group also had a greater prevalence of dyslipidemia, hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperuricemia, and elevated C-reactive protein. The age-, race-, and gender-adjusted mean value of the common carotid intima-media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis, was greater in the central obesity group compared to the control group (0.76 vs 0.71 mm, p = 0.009). In conclusion, these findings underscore the utility of the waist-to-height ratio in detecting central obesity and related adverse cardiovascular risk among normal weight younger adults. more...
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- 2009
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69. Relation of Plasma Homocysteine to Arterial Stiffness in Black and White Young Adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Ahmet Toprak, Meihung Sun, Gerald S. Berenson, Jihua Xu, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Litao Ruan, and Wei Chen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Homocysteine ,Black People ,Blood Pressure ,Doppler echocardiography ,Asymptomatic ,White People ,Body Mass Index ,Young Adult ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Reference Values ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay ,medicine ,Humans ,Aorta, Abdominal ,Pulse wave velocity ,Retrospective Studies ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Louisiana ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Echocardiography, Doppler ,Femoral Artery ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Cohort ,Circulatory system ,Arterial stiffness ,Cardiology ,Female ,Vascular Resistance ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Follow-Up Studies ,Artery - Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the association between homocysteine and arterial wall stiffness in a biracial (black and white) community-based cohort of asymptomatic young adults. That increased plasma homocysteine was adversely associated with atherothrombosis was well recognized. However, findings about the association of homocysteine and arterial wall stiffness, an indicator of vascular damage, were conflicting. Plasma homocysteine and other cardiovascular disease risk-factor variables were measured in 735 white and 294 black subjects aged 24 to 44 years enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Large-artery stiffness was assessed in terms of aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity (af-PWV) using echocardiography Doppler. Men versus women had higher fasting homocysteine (8.85 vs 7.32 micromol/L; p0.01), and blacks versus whites had higher af-PWV (5.47 vs 5.24 m/s; p0.01). In bivariate analyses, log-transformed homocysteine significantly correlated with af-PWV (p = 0.0004). In multivariate stepwise regression analyses, systolic blood pressure, age, heart rate, log-homocysteine, log-Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance, and smoking, in that order, were independently and positively associated with af-PWV. In conclusion, plasma homocysteine was an independent correlate of arterial stiffness in asymptomatic black and white young adults and may be a potential marker for cardiovascular disease risk in this age group. more...
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- 2009
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70. Effect of Parental Coronary Artery Disease on Adverse Effects of the Metabolic Syndrome and Aging on Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Gerald S. Berenson, and Jihua Xu
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Adult ,Carotid Artery Diseases ,Male ,Tunica media ,Aging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Coronary Artery Disease ,Risk Assessment ,Asymptomatic ,Coronary artery disease ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Prevalence ,Genetic predisposition ,Humans ,Medicine ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,cardiovascular diseases ,Medical History Taking ,Metabolic Syndrome ,business.industry ,Louisiana ,medicine.disease ,Carotid Arteries ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Intima-media thickness ,Cohort ,Circulatory system ,cardiovascular system ,Cardiology ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,medicine.symptom ,Tunica Intima ,Tunica Media ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
Genetic susceptibility is considered an important predictor of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors. This study was conducted to assess the hypothesis that parental CAD, a surrogate measure of genetic susceptibility, increases the vulnerability of the arterial wall to adverse effects of the metabolic syndrome and the aging process in asymptomatic young adults. The study cohort consisted of 1,073 black and white subjects (29.1% black, 43.7% male) aged 25 to 44 years. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid, carotid bulb, and internal carotid segments was measured using B-mode ultrasound. Subjects with parental CAD had greater composite (average of 3 segments) carotid IMT (0.839 vs 0.802 mm, p = 0.04) and a higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome (20.7% vs 13.3%, p0.01) compared with those without such a history. Furthermore, the association of the metabolic syndrome with composite, carotid bulb, and internal carotid IMT was significantly stronger in subjects with parental CAD than those without such a history (p = 0.022, p = 0.032, and p = 0.035 for comparison of slopes, respectively). After adjusting for race, gender, and the metabolic syndrome components, only internal carotid IMT showed significantly more increase with age in subjects with parental CAD compared with those without such a history (regression coefficient: beta = 0.014 vs beta = 0.006, p = 0.010 for comparison of slopes). In conclusion, parental CAD amplifies the adverse effects of the metabolic syndrome and aging on carotid artery IMT, especially internal carotid IMT, in asymptomatic young adults. These findings reinforce the value of using family history of CAD in risk assessment algorithm. more...
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- 2008
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71. Changes in Risk Variables of Metabolic Syndrome Since Childhood in Pre-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
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Gerald S. Berenson, Quoc Manh Nguyen, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Jihua Xu
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Blood Glucose ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,Adolescent ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Prediabetic State ,Insulin resistance ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Hyperinsulinemia ,Glucose homeostasis ,Humans ,Insulin ,Longitudinal Studies ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Metabolic Syndrome ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Louisiana ,Skinfold Thickness ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Metabolic syndrome ,Insulin Resistance ,business ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
OBJECTIVE—That type 2 diabetes is associated with the metabolic syndrome is known. However, information is lacking regarding the long-term and adverse changes of metabolic syndrome variables in the development of type 2 diabetes from childhood to adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Observations were examined, retrospectively, in a community-based cohort of normoglycemic (n = 1,838), pre-diabetic (n = 90), and type 2 diabetic (n = 60) subjects followed serially for cardiovascular risk factors during childhood (4–11 years), adolescence (12–18 years), and adulthood (19–44 years). RESULTS—Diabetic subjects versus normoglycemic subjects had significantly higher levels of subscapular skinfold, BMI, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and lower levels of HDL cholesterol beginning in childhood and higher levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) in adolescence and adulthood. In a multivariate model including BMI, MAP, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, adjusted for age, age2, race, sex, and race × sex interaction, adverse changes in glucose and LDL cholesterol were independently associated with pre-diabetic subjects, whereas adverse changes in BMI, glucose, and HDL cholesterol were associated with diabetic subjects. As young adults, pre-diabetic and diabetic groups displayed a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS—These findings indicate that adverse levels of risk variables of metabolic syndrome, adiposity, and measures of glucose homeostasis accelerating since childhood characterize the early natural history of type 2 diabetes and underscore the importance of early prevention and intervention on risk factors beginning in childhood. more...
- Published
- 2008
72. Utility of Non–High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Versus Other Lipoprotein Measures in Detecting Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Young Adults (The Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Gerald S. Berenson, Rong Tang, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Maria G. Frontini, M. Gene Bond, and Jihua Xu
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apolipoprotein B ,Asymptomatic ,White People ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Triglycerides ,Apolipoproteins B ,Ultrasonography ,Apolipoprotein A-I ,biology ,Cholesterol ,business.industry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Odds ratio ,Atherosclerosis ,Louisiana ,Lipids ,Black or African American ,Carotid Arteries ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Quartile ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,medicine.symptom ,Tunica Media ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Direct comparative data on the utility of non-high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein (apo) B, apo A-I, ratio to total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol, and ratio of apo B to apo A-I in detecting increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), a validated measurement of subclinical atherosclerosis, in asymptomatic younger adults are scant. This aspect was examined in 1,203 black and white subjects (71% white, 43% men) 24 to 43 years of age. In multivariate logistic regression analysis of each lipoprotein measurement (top quartile vs lower 3 quartiles specific for age, race, and gender) for detecting increased carotid IMT (top decile vs lower 9 deciles specific for age, race, and gender), only non-HDL cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol, and apo B emerged as significant correlates with respective odds ratios of 1.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10 to 2.78), 2.02 (95% CI 1.27 to 3.19), and 2.13 (95% CI 1.38 3.29), after adjusting for body mass index, systolic blood pressure, and other lipoprotein measurements. Regarding discriminating values of different lipoprotein measurements in detecting increased carotid IMT, area (c-value) under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for each lipoprotein measurement adjusted for age, race, gender, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure indicated that the c-value for non-HDL cholesterol (0.73) was similar to those for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.76), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (0.72), apo B/apo A-I (0.71), and HDL cholesterol (0.70), but significantly (p more...
- Published
- 2007
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73. Persistent elevation of liver function enzymes within the reference range is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study
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Jihua Xu, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Gerald S. Berenson, Dharmendrakumar A. Patel, and Wei Chen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Type 2 diabetes ,digestive system ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Reference Values ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,National Cholesterol Education Program ,business.industry ,Liver Diseases ,Fatty liver ,Alanine Transaminase ,gamma-Glutamyltransferase ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,Fatty Liver ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Liver function ,Insulin Resistance ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Dyslipidemia - Abstract
Elevations in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), markers of liver dysfunction and nonalcoholic fatty liver, are considered as part of the metabolic syndrome and related diseases. However, information is limited regarding the persistence (tracking) in levels of these enzymes over time and their influence on cardiovascular (CV) risk in young adults. The study sample consisted of white and black subjects (N = 489, 40% male, 73% white; baseline age, 18-32 years) followed over a period of 12 years as part of the Bogalusa Heart Study, with repeat measurements of CV risk factor variables and liver enzymes. Both at baseline and follow-up, males vs females had higher ALT (P < .01 to .0001) and GGT (P < .0001); blacks vs whites had higher GGT (P < .0001). With respect to persistence in enzyme levels over time, of those individuals who had ALT and GGT at the top quintile specific for age, race, and sex at baseline, about 50% of them continued to remain so with high values after 12 years. Individuals with levels persistently in the highest quintile vs those in the lowest quintile showed higher (P < .0001) body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glucose, insulin, insulin resistance index, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures; lower (P < .0001) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; and higher (P < .05 to .001) prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome as defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, positive parental history of type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease. In addition, based on a multivariate analysis using 2 separate models for ALT and GGT, baseline levels of both enzymes were independent predictors of follow-up; insulin resistance index and baseline GGT were also predictive of follow-up systolic blood pressure. Elevations in liver enzymes ALT and GGT, within "reference" range, persist over time and relate to clinically relevant adverse CV risk profile in young adults. more...
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- 2007
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74. Adiponectin and its correlates of cardiovascular risk in young adults: the Bogalusa Heart Study
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Dharmendrakumar A. Patel, Jihua Xu, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, and Gerald S. Berenson
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lipoproteins ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Blood Pressure ,Body Mass Index ,Cohort Studies ,Sex Factors ,Endocrinology ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Insulin ,Medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,National Cholesterol Education Program ,Adiposity ,Metabolic Syndrome ,Adiponectin ,business.industry ,nutritional and metabolic diseases ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Uric Acid ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Linear Models ,Female ,Insulin Resistance ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Adiponectin, a novel adipocytokine produced exclusively in the adipose tissue, plays a major role in the development of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related cardiovascular (CV) diseases. However, information is scant regarding the association of adiponectin with measures of CV risk in young adults. This aspect was examined in a biracial (black-white) community-based sample of 1153 individuals (mean age, 36.2 years; 70% white, 43% male) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Adiponectin levels showed race (whiteblack, P.0001) and sex (femalemale, P.0001) differences, and correlated significantly in a beneficial manner to measures of obesity (body mass index, waist circumference, and abdominal height), mean arterial blood pressure, lipoprotein variables (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides), measures of glucose homeostasis (insulin, glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]), and uric acid, after adjusting for age, race, sex, and cigarette smoking. In multivariate analysis that used either body mass index or abdominal height as a measure of general and visceral adiposity in 2 separate models, HOMA-IR was the major contributor explaining 18.4% and 18.1% of the variance, respectively. There was a significant interaction between abdominal height and HOMA-IR on adiponectin level in that the inverse association between adiponectin and insulin resistance was pronounced at higher level of visceral adiposity. Furthermore, adiponectin levels decreased with increasing number of metabolic syndrome risk factors defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (P for trend.0001). Moreover, adiponectin levels were low among those with positive parental histories of coronary heart disease (P = .03), hypertension (P = .04), and type 2 diabetes mellitus (P = .01), considered as surrogate measures of risk. These findings, by showing an inverse association of adiponectin with insulin resistance, visceral adiposity, and related metabolic syndrome, and also with positive parental histories of coronary heart disease, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus, underscore the value of adiponectin in CV and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk assessments in young adults. more...
- Published
- 2006
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75. High performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometric determination of cyclovirobuxine D in human plasma
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Di Sun, Limin Zou, Jinhua Rao, Qian Yang, Chunyong Wu, Wen-Ying Liu, Peng Yu, and Jihua Xu
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Adult ,Male ,Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ,Analyte ,Electrospray ,Adolescent ,Formic acid ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Ethyl acetate ,Analytical chemistry ,Pharmaceutical Science ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Drug Discovery ,Humans ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Spectroscopy ,Chromatography ,Selected reaction monitoring ,Reproducibility of Results ,Cardiovascular Agents ,chemistry ,Injections, Intravenous ,Methanol ,Quantitative analysis (chemistry) ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal - Abstract
A sensitive, specific and rapid high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometric (LC/MS/MS) method for the determination of cyclovirobuxine D in human plasma was developed and validated. The triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometric detector with an electrospray interface (ESI) was operated under the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. After the addition of citalopram as an internal standard (IS), plasma samples were extracted with ethyl acetate. Chromatographic separation of the analytes was performed on a Kromasil CN column with a mobile phase of methanol/water (88/12, v/v) containing 0.4% formic acid. Linearity was established for the range of concentration 0.2-40ng/ml. Under optimized conditions, the mean recovery was 86.6%. The intra-day precision ranged from 4.56% to 7.81%, while the intra-day accuracy ranged from 2.75% to 11.0%. The inter-day precision was in the range 3.87-10.7%, and the inter-day accuracy was in the range -4.00% to 2.50%. The cyclovirobuxine D was stable in human plasma after three freeze-thaw cycles, under storage at room temperature for 12h, in a freezer at -20 degrees C for 15 days and during processing (in autosampler) at 10 degrees C for 24h. The validated method is suitable for quantitative determination of cyclovirobuxine D in human plasma in pharmacokinetics study and has been successfully applied to the analysis of clinical samples. more...
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- 2006
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76. Determination of BAPTA-AM, the acetoxymethyl tetraester of BAPTA, in rat plasma by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
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Jinxing Liu, Jihua Xu, Di Sun, Chunyong Wu, Bin Di, Wenyin Liu, Chunxiao Zhai, Wei Wei, Taijun Hang, and Feng Zheng
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Chromatography ,Reproducibility of Results ,Mass spectrometry ,Tandem mass spectrometry ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,Rats ,Adduct ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry ,Calibration ,Animals ,Protein precipitation ,Nimodipine ,Sample collection ,Egtazic Acid ,Sodium acetate ,Spectroscopy ,Chelating Agents ,Chromatography, Liquid - Abstract
BAPTA-AM is the acetoxymethylester of the calcium chelator BAPTA and has demonstrated efficacy in several animal models of cerebral ischemia. This paper describes the development of a method for the determination of BAPTA-AM in rat plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Owing to multiple ester groups in the structure of BAPTA-AM, [M + Na](+) was chosen as the analytical ion for quantification of BAPTA-AM. During the analytical method development, a high percentage of organic solvent and the addition of an amount of sodium acetate and formic acid in the mobile phase were found to favor the sensitivity and reproducibility of [M + Na](+). Poor fragmentation was usually observed in the MS/MS spectra of sodium adduct ions. However, abundant and reproducible fragment ions were observed for the BAPTA-AM sodium adduct ion, and therefore the traditional selective reaction-monitoring mode was used to further improve the sensitivity of MS detection. Because of the lability of the ester bond, a combination of fluoride and hydrochloric acid was applied to minimize the enzymatic hydrolysis, and acetonitrile was chosen to avoid the chemical hydrolysis or solvolysis during the sample collection and preparation procedure. On the basis of these studies, a rapid, sensitive and reproducible method for the determination of BAPTA-AM in rat plasma, using LC/ESI-MS/MS and a simple protein precipitation procedure, was developed and validated. Also, the present method was successfully applied to the determination of BAPTA-AM plasma concentrations for pharmacokinetic studies in rats. more...
- Published
- 2006
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77. Metabolic Syndrome Variables at Low Levels in Childhood Are Beneficially Associated With Adulthood Cardiovascular Risk
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Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, Shengxu Li, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Wei Chen
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,business.industry ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Insulin resistance ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Epidemiology ,Cohort ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Metabolic syndrome ,Risk factor ,business ,Cohort study - Abstract
OBJECTIVE—Most epidemiologic studies have focused on the adverse impact of the metabolic syndrome on cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, information on the relationship between the clustering of metabolic syndrome variables at favorable levels in childhood and the measures of CV risk in adulthood is not known. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study cohort included 1,474 individuals (552 blacks and 922 whites) who were examined for CV risk factors in childhood (aged 4–17 years) and again in adulthood (aged 19–41 years) in Bogalusa, Louisiana, during 1982–2003, with an average follow-up period of 15.8 years. RESULTS—In childhood, 9.0% of the cohort displayed clustering of three- or four-criterion risk variables at the bottom quartiles of BMI, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, systolic blood pressure, and total–to–HDL cholesterol ratio. The clustering was significantly higher than expected by chance alone (P < 0.01). These children, compared with those having clustering of less than three risk variables at the bottom quartiles, had a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in adulthood (clustering at top quartiles) (3.8 vs. 14.6%, P < 0.001). A higher prevalence of clustering of risk variables at low levels in childhood was associated with negative parental histories of coronary heart disease (9.4 vs. 5.0%, P = 0.024) and hypertension (10.5 vs. 6.6%, P = 0.012). Mean values of carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood decreased with an increasing number of risk variables clustering at the bottom quartiles in childhood (P for trend = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS—The constellation of metabolic syndrome variables at low levels in childhood is associated with lower measures of CV risk in adulthood. more...
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- 2005
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78. Black-White Divergence in the Relation of White Blood Cell Count to Metabolic Syndrome in Preadolescents, Adolescents, and Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Gerald S. Berenson, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Jihua Xu
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,Adolescent ,Cross-sectional study ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Population ,Black People ,White People ,Body Mass Index ,Leukocyte Count ,Young Adult ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,White blood cell ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Child ,Original Research ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Metabolic Syndrome ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Fasting ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,Waist Circumference ,business ,Body mass index ,Negroid - Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between white blood cell (WBC) count and metabolic syndrome (MetS) by growth periods in black versus white individuals in the general population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study cohort consisted of 4,184 black and white preadolescents, adolescents, and adults. In this cohort, 743 adults were followed for 8.1–20.8 years longitudinally. RESULTS White versus black subjects had a significantly higher WBC count in all age-groups. WBC count was associated with more MetS components in whites than in blacks. Mean values of WBC increased significantly with increasing number of MetS components with adverse levels in adolescents and adults, with a stronger trend in whites. WBC count was longitudinally associated with MetS in whites only (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The findings on the association between higher WBC count and MetS beginning in childhood, particularly in whites, underscore a potentially mechanistic link between systemic inflammation, MetS, and cardiovascular risk. more...
- Published
- 2010
79. Influence of childhood parental history of type 2 diabetes on the pre-diabetic and diabetic status in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Gerald S. Berenson, Jihua Xu, Wei Chen, and Quoc Manh Nguyen
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Parents ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Blood sugar ,Type 2 diabetes ,Cohort Studies ,Prediabetic State ,Young Adult ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Age of Onset ,Young adult ,Risk factor ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Age Factors ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Child, Preschool ,Cohort ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To assess the association of childhood parental history of type 2 diabetes and the risk of diabetes in adulthood. Observations were made on a community-based cohort of normoglycemic (n = 1619), pre-diabetic (n = 78), and type 2 diabetic (n = 50) adult subjects followed serially for cardiovascular risk factors over 22 years from childhood and noting their relation to a parental history of diabetes. In a longitudinal multivariate model including parental diabetes observed in the offspring's childhood, BMI, MAP, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and glucose, adjusted for age, age(2), race, sex, and race by sex interaction, parental diabetes and adverse changes in LDL cholesterol and glucose were independently associated with pre-diabetic status in adulthood (regression coefficient [beta] = 0.74 (95% CI: 0.04-1.45), 0.44 (95% CI: 0.24-0.64), and 1.99 (95% CI: 1.73-2.25), respectively), while parental diabetes and adverse changes in BMI, HDL cholesterol, and glucose were associated with the diabetic status (beta = 1.14 (95% CI: 0.35-1.92), 0.08 (95% CI: 0.05-0.11), -0.51 (95% CI: -1.03 to -0.003), and 1.79 (95% CI: 1.48-2.09), respectively). Childhood parental history of diabetes along with adverse changes in adiposity, glucose, and lipoprotein variables of metabolic syndrome since childhood are associated with the increased risk of pre-diabetic and diabetic status in adulthood. more...
- Published
- 2009
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80. Plasma Homocysteine Distribution and Its Association With Parental History of Coronary Artery Disease in Black and White Children
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Gerald S. Berenson, Edward R. Dalferes, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Leann Myers, Kurt J. Greenlund, Arthur S. Pickoff, and Jihua Xu
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Adult ,Male ,Parents ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Homocysteine ,Cholesterol, VLDL ,Black People ,Physiology ,Blood Pressure ,Coronary Disease ,White People ,Body Mass Index ,Coronary artery disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Physiology (medical) ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Child ,Triglycerides ,Sex Characteristics ,business.industry ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Age Factors ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Louisiana ,medicine.disease ,Skinfold Thickness ,Cholesterol ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Body mass index ,Biomarkers ,Negroid ,Sex characteristics - Abstract
Background —Elevated homocysteine is associated with increased risk for coronary artery disease (CAD) in adults, but its distribution in children is not well documented. We examined the distribution of homocysteine in children and its relation to parental history of CAD. Methods and Results —A subsample of 1137 children (53% white, 47% black) aged 5 to 17 years in 1992 to 1994 examined in the Bogalusa Heart Study (n=3135), including all with a positive parental history of CAD (n=154), had plasma homocysteine levels measured. Homocysteine correlated positively with age ( r =0.16, P =0.001). No race or sex differences in homocysteine levels were observed; geometric mean (GM) levels were 5.8 μmol/L (95% CI, 5.6 to 6.1) among white males, 5.8 μmol/L (95% CI, 5.5 to 6.0) among white females, 5.6 μmol/L (95% CI, 5.4 to 5.8) among black males, and 5.6 μmol/L (95% CI, 5.4 to 5.9) among black females. Children with a positive parental history of CAD had a significantly greater age-adjusted GM homocysteine level (GM, 6.7 μmol/L; 95% CI, 6.4 to 7.1) than those without a positive history (GM, 5.6 μmol/L; 95% CI, 5.4 to 5.7); this relation was observed in each race-sex group. Conclusions —Higher homocysteine levels were observed among children with a positive family history of CAD. Additional studies should elucidate the contribution of genetic, dietary, and other factors to homocysteine levels in children. more...
- Published
- 1999
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81. Abstract TMP53: Elevated Blood Pressure Precedes Arterial Stiffening in Young Adults: The Bogalusa Heart Study
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Wei Chen, Shengxu Li, Sathanur R Srinivasan, Camilo Fernandez, Jihua Xu, and Gerald S Berenson
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Neurology (clinical) ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Introduction: Elevated blood pressure (BP) and arterial wall stiffness are key aspects of essential hypertension. However, it is not clear whether elevated BP is a cause or the consequence of arterial wall stiffness or whether they influence each other during the aging process. This study assessed the temporal relationship between BP and arterial wall stiffness in a longitudinal study cohort. Methods: The study cohort consisted of 446 adults (342 whites and 104 blacks; age=32-51 years) enrolled in the bogalusa Heart Study. BP and aorta-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) were measured at two time points over 6.8 years. A cross-lagged analysis model was performed to examine the temporal relationship between BP and PWV. Results: Baseline vs follow-up values of systolic BP (113 vs 115 mmHg), diastolic BP (77 vs 80 mmHg) and PWV (5.1 vs 6.9 m/msec) increased significantly over 6.8 years. Systolic and diastolic BP and PWV values were adjusted for age, sex and race and standardized to Z-scores prior to the cross-lagged analysis. As shown in the figure, the difference between the two cross-lagged path coefficients (0.16 vs 0.04) was marginally significant (p=0.071 for difference). The cross-lagged path coefficient (0.15) from baseline diastolic BP to follow-up PWV was significantly greater than the coefficient (0.02) from baseline PWV to follow-up diastolic BP (p=0.05 for difference). In the model with baseline and follow-up BMI included, the difference between the two cross-lagged path coefficients was significant (systolic BP: 0.17 vs 0.03, p=0.035 for difference; diastolic BP: 0.16 vs 0.01, p=0.024 for difference). Conclusions: These findings suggest that elevated BP precedes arterial stiffening, but arterial stiffness does not increase BP in young adults, thereby providing evidence that elevated BP accelerates arterial stiffening process due to increased “wear and tear” on the artery walls and subsequently muscle cell hypertrophy during the period of young adulthood. more...
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- 2013
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82. Low-density lipoprotein binding affinity of arterial chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan variants modulates cholesteryl ester accumulation in macrophages
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Parakat Vijayagopal, Gerald S. Berenson, Jihua Xu, and Bhandaru Radhakrishnamurthy
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(Macrophage) ,Dermatan sulfate ,Cell Line ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Versicans ,Affinity chromatography ,Animals ,Humans ,Lectins, C-Type ,Amino Acids ,Molecular Biology ,Aorta ,Glycosaminoglycans ,LDL binding affinity ,LDL metabolism ,biology ,Macrophages ,Chondroitin Sulfates ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Ligand (biochemistry) ,Arterial tissue chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan variant ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Molecular Weight ,Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans ,Receptors, LDL ,Proteoglycan ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan ,Low-density lipoprotein ,biology.protein ,Cholesteryl ester ,Molecular Medicine ,Versican ,Cattle ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Cholesterol Esters - Abstract
Proteoglycans are considered to facilitate lipid accumulation in the arterial wall, as part of the injury and repair process in atherogenesis. The present study determined (1) characteristics of arterial tissue chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CS-PG) monomers of versican type that vary in binding affinity to low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and (2) the ability of these variants to modulate LDL metabolism by macrophages. A large CS-PG devoid of dermatan sulfate (DS) was isolated and purified from bovine aorta intima-media under dissociative conditions. The proteoglycan was further subfractionated by LDL affinity chromatography into CS-PGI and CS-PGII variants, the former eluting at 0.1 M NaCl and the latter at 1.0 M NaCl. The core protein of both variants had a similar molecular mass (1.7 · 10 5 ). However, CS-PGII contained more glycosarninoglycan (GAG) chains (30 vs. 25) with higher average molecular mass (4.2 · 10 4 vs. 3.8 · 10 4 ) than CS-PGI. Furthermore, CS-PGII contained a relatively higher proportion of CS6-sulfate to CS4-sulfate (65:35 vs. 52:48). Sulfate-to-hexosamine molar ratio of GAG measured approximately 1 in both variants. In terms of metabolism by macrophages, when compared to complex of LDL and CS-PGI, complex of LDL and CS-PGII produced consistent increase in degradation (10.3-fold vs. 8.4-fold over native LDL) and cell association (16.3-fold vs. 10.2-fold over native LDL) of the ligand, and stimulation of cholesteryl ester synthesis (8.4-fold vs. 6.4-fold over native LDL). CS-PGII was as potent as native CS/DS-PG aggregate, which is a complex made of proteoglycan monomers, hyaluronate, and link protein(s), in stimulating the above activities in macrophages. Thus, variations in LDL-binding affinity of CS-PG can potentially modulate the lipid accumulation in atherogenesis. more...
- Published
- 1995
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83. Annealing studies of Au/GaAs and Al/GaAs interfaces using a variable energy positron beam
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C. D. Beling, Shijun Sun, Chi Chung Ling, T.C. Lee, Jihua Xu, Rongdian Han, Steve Fung, and H.M. Weng
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Materials science ,Condensed matter physics ,Annealing (metallurgy) ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Schottky diode ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Condensed Matter::Materials Science ,Transition metal ,chemistry ,Aluminium ,Vacancy defect ,Annihilation radiation ,Grain boundary diffusion coefficient ,Doppler broadening - Abstract
Various thicknesses of Au and Al have been evaporated onto semi-insulating GaAs(110) to form Schottky contacts, which have been subject to different annealing conditions. A variable energy positron beam has been used to probe the metal-semiconductor interfaces by observing the Doppler broadening of the annihilation radiation. The data are well fitted by a three-layer model, namely the metal layer, the interface region and the GaAs bulk. The interfacial region is attributed to the intermixing of the atoms and the formation of new phases occurring at the interface. For the Au/GaAs samples, the interfacial width was observed to increase with increasing annealing temperature and this is attributed to the increase of elemental intermixing at the interface. From the trend of the Doppler broadening signal on annealed samples, we infer that the processes of increasing interfacial order (decreasing S) (such as grain enlargement and vacancy removal) are in competition with the process of decreasing interfacial order (increasing S) (such as vacancy creation through atomic interdiffusion). For Al/GaAs, the interfacial width remained effectively constant up to the annealing temperature of 400°C. From the Doppler broadening signal, the annealing on the interfacial order was found to be metal thickness dependent. This observation has tentatively been explained by the above two competition processes and the grain boundary diffusion of atoms at the Al/GaAs interface. more...
- Published
- 1995
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84. The association of c-reactive protein with arterial compliance in asymptomatic young adults: the Bogalusa heart study
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D Sharma, Camilo Fernandez, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Jihua Xu, Wei Chen, Gerald S. Berenson, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Adult ,Male ,Mean arterial pressure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Pulse Wave Analysis ,Systemic inflammation ,Asymptomatic ,Risk Assessment ,White People ,Vascular Stiffness ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Least-Squares Analysis ,education ,Body surface area ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,Age Factors ,Arteries ,Atherosclerosis ,Louisiana ,Surgery ,Black or African American ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,C-Reactive Protein ,Asymptomatic Diseases ,Multivariate Analysis ,biology.protein ,Cardiology ,Linear Models ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Inflammation Mediators ,business ,Biomarkers ,Artery ,Compliance - Abstract
Atherogeneis is a chronic progressive syndrome caused by endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, vessel wall remodeling and eventual vascular flow compromise. Emerging data suggest that arterial compliance inversely correlates with atherogenesis and cardiovascular (CV) events. However, information is scant on the association of chronic systemic inflammation with arterial elasticity in young asymptomatic adults. The association of hsC-reactive protein (CRP) and central-vascular compliance was studied in 641 individuals (45.2% males; 71.8% whites), aged 31-43 years enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. The measured variables included large-artery compliance (capacitive, C1), representative of the aorta and its major branches; and small-artery compliance (oscillatory, C2), representative of the distal part of the circulation; hsCRP, as a measure of systemic inflammation; along with traditional CV risk factor variables. Significant race and sex differences were noted for C1 (white malesblack males P-value0.0001; malesfemales P-value 0.04), C2 (whitesblacks P-value 0.0004; malesfemales P-value0.0001) and hsCRP (blackswhites P-value 0.03; femalesmales P-value 0.002). Mean values of C1 in subjects with high hsCRP levels (3 mg l(-1)) were significantly lower than those with average (1-3 mg l(-1)) and low levels (1 mg l(-1)) (14.2 ml per mmHg × 10 versus 15.2 ml per mm Hg × 10 versus 15.7 ml per mmHg × 10, P for trend=0.02), after adjusting for age, race, sex and body surface area (BSA). hsCRP showed a trend toward inverse correlation with C1 (-0.07, P=0.07) but no such trend for C2, after adjusting for race and sex. In the multivariate linear regression model, adding age, race, sex, BSA, mean arterial pressure, insulin resistance, lipoprotein variables and smoking status, the effect persisted between C1 and hsCRP (β=-0.35, P=0.01). In an asymptomatic population of young adults, hsCRP predicts reduced large-artery compliance (C1). These findings support the role of systemic inflammation in early pathological changes in artery wall in atherogenesis. Small-artery compliance (C2) however did not correlate with hsCRP. more...
- Published
- 2012
85. Relation of childhood obesity/cardiometabolic phenotypes to adult cardiometabolic profile: the Bogalusa Heart Study
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Gerald S. Berenson, Wei Chen, Jihua Xu, and Shengxu Li
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Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Adolescent ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,Original Contributions ,Blood Pressure ,Coronary Disease ,Overweight ,Childhood obesity ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,High-density lipoprotein ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Longitudinal Studies ,Obesity ,Young adult ,Child ,Triglycerides ,Ultrasonography ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Cholesterol, LDL ,medicine.disease ,Louisiana ,Endocrinology ,Blood pressure ,Carotid Arteries ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Phenotype ,chemistry ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index - Abstract
Not all obese adults have cardiometabolic abnormalities. It is unknown whether this is true in children and, if true, whether children who have metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) will also have favorable cardiometabolic profiles in adulthood. These aspects were examined in 1,098 individuals who participated as both children (aged 5–17 years) and adults (aged 24–43 years) in the Bogalusa Heart Study between 1997 and 2002 in Bogalusa, Louisiana. MHO was defined as being in the top body mass index quartile, while low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, mean arterial pressure, and glucose were in the bottom 3 quartiles, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol was in the top 3 quartiles. Forty-six children (4.2%) had MHO, and they were more likely to retain MHO status in adulthood compared with children in other categories (P < 0.0001). Despite markedly increased obesity in childhood and in adulthood, these same MHO children and adults showed a cardiometabolic profile generally comparable to that of nonoverweight/obese children (P > 0.05 in most cases). Moreover, there was no difference in carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood between MHO children and nonoverweight/obese children. Further, carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood was lower in MHO children than in metabolically abnormal, overweight/obese children (P = 0.003). In conclusion, the MHO phenotype starts in childhood and continues into adulthood. more...
- Published
- 2012
86. COMPARISON OF MULTIPLE INSTRUMENTS MEASURING VASCULAR SYSTEM CHANGES IN PREDICTING LEFT VENTRICLE HYPERTROPHY: THE BOGALUSA HEART STUDY
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Wei Chen, Jihua Xu, Camilo Fernandez, Gerald S. Berenson, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Left ventricle hypertrophy ,business.industry ,Internal medicine ,Cardiology ,Medicine ,Anatomy ,business ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2012
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87. [Short-term effectiveness of Swanson artificial joint replacement in treating posttraumatic metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness]
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Hui, Lu, Xiangqian, Shen, Jihua, Xu, Xin, Huang, Po, Ye, and Shoucheng, Wu
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Adult ,Male ,Metacarpophalangeal Joint ,Treatment Outcome ,Arthritis ,Joint Prosthesis ,Humans ,Female ,Arthroplasty, Replacement ,Middle Aged ,Aged - Abstract
To investigate the short-term effectiveness of Swanson artificial joint replacement in treating post-traumatic metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness.Between August 2007 and May 2010, 11 cases (13 fingers) of metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness with soft tissue defects underwent Swanson artificial joint replacement. There were 7 males (9 fingers) and 4 females (4 fingers), aged 43 to 65 years with an average of 49 years. The involved fingers included 4 thumbs, 4 index fingers, 3 middle fingers, and 2 ring fingers. The types of injury included open and crush injury in 8 fingers, fracture of the metacarpophalangeal joint in 3 fingers, metacarpophalangeal joint severing in 2 fingers. The time from joint stiffness to hospitalization was 12 to 48 weeks (mean, 24 weeks). The joint activity was (136.82 +/- 28.96) degrees. According to total active motion (TAM) assessment, included good in 1 finger, fair in 6 fingers, and poor in 6 fingers before operation. The activities of daily living were assessed by Sollerman score, which was 45.64 +/- 11.04. The X-ray films and CT scan showed traumatic arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal joint.The incision healed by first intention. All patients were followed up 12 to 34 months (mean, 24.1 months). At last follow-up, the joint activity was (194.64 +/- 28.86) degrees, showing significant difference when compared with preoperative value (t = 25.214, P = 0.000). According to TAM assessment, including excellent in 1 finger, good in 4 fingers, fair in 7 fingers, and poor in 1 finger. The Sollerman score was 67.45 +/- 8.20 postoperatively, showing significant difference when compared with the preoperative score (t = -10.470, P = 0.000). X-ray examination showed no prosthesis fracture, periprosthetic fracture, or joint dislocation occurred at last follow-up.Swanson artificial joint replacement can be applied to treat post-traumatic metacarpophalangeal joint stiffness, which can improve the joint activity and has satisfactory short-term effectiveness. more...
- Published
- 2012
88. Microstructure of the Au/GaAs(110) interface probed using a variable-energy positron beam
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T.C. Lee, C. D. Beling, Jihua Xu, Chi Chung Ling, Steve Fung, Shijun Sun, H.M. Weng, and Rongdian Han
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Crystallography ,Positron ,Chemistry ,Vacancy defect ,Annihilation radiation ,General Materials Science ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Microstructure ,Molecular physics ,Dissociation (chemistry) ,Interface position ,Doppler broadening ,Overlayer - Abstract
A mono-energetic positron beam is used to probe the Au/GaAs(110) interface by observing the Doppler broadening of the annihilation radiation as a function of beam energy. The observed data are fitted well by a three-layer model in which the intermediate layer absorbs positrons. The annihilation radiation from this region indicates that it possesses open volume defects. This intermediate layer is attributed to both the Au-Ga alloyed structure (of approximately 100 AA width) that forms close to the expected interface position as a result of atomic intermixing and an extended adjacent defected area in the An overlayer resulting from Ga and As outmigration. The nature of the defects in these regions is discussed. While evidence is found for Au induced dissociation of the GaAs lattice, the present data are not sufficiently sensitive to give any definite conclusion regarding the presence or absence of vacancy type defects in the near-interface region of the substrate. more...
- Published
- 1994
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89. Prevalence of atherosclerotic plaque in young and middle-aged asymptomatic individuals: the Bogalusa heart study
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Roger E. Kelley, Camilo Fernandez, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Jian Wang, Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, and Sheryl Martin-Schild
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Blood lipids ,Black People ,Femoral artery ,Asymptomatic ,Statistics, Nonparametric ,White People ,Sex Factors ,Risk Factors ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine.artery ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Diabetes Mellitus ,Odds Ratio ,Prevalence ,Humans ,education ,Ultrasonography ,education.field_of_study ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Age Factors ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Louisiana ,Obesity ,Plaque, Atherosclerotic ,Femoral Artery ,Carotid Arteries ,Logistic Models ,Hypertension ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Chi-squared distribution - Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of carotid and femoral artery atherosclerotic plaque in a community-based population of asymptomatic African American and white men and women, with an age range of 29 to 51 years, and the potential relations with cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: Between 2007 and 2010, 914 subjects, 58% women and 69% white, who were part of the Bogalusa Heart Study, an ongoing study of a southern biracial community in Bogalusa, Louisiana, were followed up from childhood through adulthood and assessed for plaque formation using ultrasound. Of the total number of subjects, those with a history of cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events were excluded. RESULTS: Plaque prevalence ranged from 8% to 14%, with greater frequency in white men. Plaque formation was also associated with smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, age, and white race, in descending order. CONCLUSIONS: In this population, studied sequentially since 1973, the presence of plaque correlated with widely recognized cardiovascular risk factors, although we did not detect significant contributions from either obesity or elevated lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It is possible that interventions, such as diet alteration and statin therapy, may have a positive impact on these potential contributors to plaque formation, and hypertension, diabetes mellitus and smoking remain of great importance. more...
- Published
- 2011
90. Characteristic of pollution and sources apportionment of PM2.5 in NanChang city
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Xiaozhen Liu, Jihua Xu, Xilong Peng, and Zongjian He
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Pollution ,Hydrology ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Commercial area ,Industrial area ,Environmental engineering ,Sampling (statistics) ,Atmospheric model ,Residential area ,Apportionment ,Environmental science ,media_common ,Dust emission - Abstract
Five sampling areas which represent traffic center, industrial area, commercial area, residential area and the suburb were set in NanChang city to collect PM 2.5 samples in summer and winter of 2007. The data at various sampling areas illustrated that the daily average concentration of PM 2.5 in summer were lower than that in winter. In different areas the pollution severity order of PM 2.5 was traffic roads (worse than), industrial zone, commercial mixing zone, residential zone and suburbs. Distinct space-time distribution characteristics of element average concentration were shown in different functional areas. The element average concentration of urban areas was higher than that of the suburbs, while the element average concentration of the traffic roads and industrial zone was higher than that of the commercial mixing zone and residential zone. The results of source apportionment illustrated that soil dust, burnt dust, building dust, vehicle dust and metallurgical dust were the dominant emission sources of PM 2.5 in atmospheric environment of Nanchang. Whether the concentrations of PM 2.5 reached the standard depends on soil dust, burnt dust and building dust, which become the emphasis of pollution control. more...
- Published
- 2011
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91. Birth Weight, Stimulus Response and Hemodynamic Variability Implicate Racial (Black–White) Contrasts of Autonomic Control of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure and Related Cardiovascular Disease
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Gerald S. Berenson, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Jihua Xu, Wei Chen, Thomas D. Giles, and Camilo Fernandez Alonso
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Birth weight ,Hemodynamics ,Disease ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,medicine.disease ,Low birth weight ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Internal medicine ,Heart rate ,medicine ,Cardiology ,Heart rate variability ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
The mechanisms controlling heart rate and blood pressure (BP) are quite complex. To some extent these hemodynamic variables are interrelated but observations from the Bogalusa Heart Study suggest different mechanisms are involved in their control and are influenced by ethnicity and gender. Heart rate seems to have a greater central autonomic control, being slower in black children than in white children, while risk factors, heart rate and BP are less associated with body fatness in blacks. Heart rate variability indicates a greater vagal control in blacks. The response of heart rate to stressors is greater in white children while the response of BP to various stimuli is greater in black children. Low birth weight is also associated with long-term BP variability. Also, the long term variability of BP is greater in blacks and is associated with development of left ventricular hypertrophy, evidence of variability having a greater impact on the cardiovascular system. Based on clinical observations BP obviously involves many mechanisms, i.e. arterial wall structure, endothelial function, nitric oxide production, the renin-angiotensin system, electrolytes and other. Although epidemiologic observations do not establish such mechanisms, they have implications of their existence. The racial contrasts help elucidate such mechanisms and help guide prevention strategies. more...
- Published
- 2011
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92. Trajectories of Variables Related to Cardio-Metabolic Risk from Childhood to Young Adulthood
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan and Jihua Xu
- Subjects
Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Public health ,Cardio metabolic risk ,Type 2 diabetes ,medicine.disease ,Natural history ,Framingham Heart Study ,Cohort ,medicine ,Metabolic syndrome ,Young adult ,business - Abstract
The Framingham Study which coined the term “risk factors” in middle-aged and older populations, provided the rationale for bridging the gap from youth to aging adults as part of the evolution of early natural history of cardiovascular (CV) diseases. This report details the time-course or trajectories of cardio-metabolic risk variables from childhood to adulthood in the Bogalusa Heart Study cohort. The observed adverse trajectories of body fatness, metabolic, and hemodynamic variables since childhood and the potential underlying mechanisms governing their interrelationships support a primary role of excess adiposity in the early natural histories of CV diseases, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. These findings have implications for public health approaches to prevention. more...
- Published
- 2011
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93. Proteins binding to the 5′-flanking regulatory elements of the human β-globin gene
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Zhigang Chen, Jihua Xu, Yadi Chen, and Ruolan Qian
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Fetal Stage ,β globin gene ,Negative control ,Cell Biology ,Stage specific ,Biology ,Nuclear protein ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Embryonic stem cell ,Molecular biology ,Cis-regulatory element - Abstract
The binding of nuclear proteins prepared from mouse erythroid tissue in different developmental stages to the 5′-flanking regulatory elements of human β-globin gene, two negative control regions(NCR1, -610 to -490 bp; NCR2, -338 to -233bp), was identified. Two stage specific protein factors corresponding to embryonic and fetal stages were found to be capable of binding to NCR2. These data provided evidence that the cis acting elements of the 5′-flanking region might be involved in the developmental control of β globin gene and NCR2 might be responsible in part for the silence of β-globin gene in the embryonic and fetal stages. more...
- Published
- 1993
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94. Injury to the arterial wall of rabbits produces proteoglycan variants with enhanced low-density lipoprotein-binding property
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Bhandaru Radhakrishnamurthy, Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, Parakat Vijayagopal, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
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Male ,Biophysics ,Organ culture ,Biochemistry ,Chromatography, Affinity ,Dermatan sulfate ,Glycosaminoglycan ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Animals ,Chondroitin sulfate ,Aorta ,Glycosaminoglycans ,biology ,Heparan sulfate ,Anatomy ,Molecular biology ,Lipoproteins, LDL ,Receptors, LDL ,Proteoglycan ,chemistry ,Low-density lipoprotein ,Chromatography, Gel ,biology.protein ,Proteoglycans ,Endothelium, Vascular ,Rabbits ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
The effect of arterial injury on proteoglycans (PG) and their ability to bind low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were studied in rabbits 12 weeks after balloon injury. Following biosynthetic labeling in an organ culture system, PG were isolated under dissociative conditions from deendothelialized areas (DEA), reendothelialized areas (REA), and uninjured areas (control) of the aortic tissue. DEA and REA tissues yielded 42–52% more PG and incorporated 39–67% more 35 S-label into proteoglycans than control tissues. Ion-exchange chromatography of PG from DEA and REA tissues yielded PG-I, PG-II, and PG-III, while from control tissue only PG-I and PG-II. PG-II formed major portion (74–84%) of the isolated PG in all three tissue types. PGI preparations comprised entirely of heparan sulfate (HS)-PG of similar hydrodynamic size ( K av = 0.45−0.47). PG-II from DEA and REA tissues consisted of PGII-A ( K av = 0.02−0.04) and PGII-B ( K av = 0.32), while PG-II from control tissue contained only PGII-B with relatively smaller hydrodynamic size ( K av = 0.40). PGII-A preparations contained predominantly chondroitin sulfate (CS)-PG with no dermatan sulfate (DS); whereas PGII-B consisted mainly of CS/DS-PG, with relatively high proportion of DS in DEA and REA tissues vs. control tissue (50–54% vs. 43%). Further, the glycosaminoglycan chains of CS/DS-PG from DEA and REA tissues were 1.7-fold longer than those from control tissue. PG-III contained about 80% CS/DS-PG and 20% HS-PG; CS/DS-PG was similar to those found in PGII-B from DEA and REA tissues. HS-PG from PG-II and PG-III, unlike those from PG-I, was enriched with N -sulfated residues. PGI from all the three tissue types bound poorly to LDL. On the other hand, PGII-A, PGII-B, and PG-III from DEA and REA tissues showed enhanced ability to bind LDL, in that order. For example, the LDL-binding ability of PGII-B from DEA and REA was 2.9- to 3.1-fold above that from control tissue. Thus, arterial injury with or without regenerated endothelium produces proteoglycan variants with altered characteristics and enhanced LDL-binding ability. more...
- Published
- 1993
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95. Utility of waist-to-height ratio in assessing the status of central obesity and related cardiometabolic risk profile among normal weight and overweight/obese children: The Bogalusa Heart Study
- Author
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Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Wei Chen, Jasmeet Mokha, Pronabesh DasMahapatra, Camilo Fernandez, Jihua Xu, and Gerald S. Berenson
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Type 2 diabetes ,Overweight ,Risk Assessment ,Body Mass Index ,Metabolic Diseases ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health ,Child ,Abdominal obesity ,Waist-to-height ratio ,business.industry ,Waist-Hip Ratio ,lcsh:RJ1-570 ,New Orleans ,lcsh:Pediatrics ,Anthropometry ,medicine.disease ,Obesity ,Body Height ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Obesity, Abdominal ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Body mass index ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Body Mass Index (BMI) is widely used to assess the impact of obesity on cardiometabolic risk in children but it does not always relate to central obesity and varies with growth and maturation. Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) is a relatively constant anthropometric index of abdominal obesity across different age, sex or racial groups. However, information is scant on the utility of WHtR in assessing the status of abdominal obesity and related cardiometabolic risk profile among normal weight and overweight/obese children, categorized according to the accepted BMI threshold values. Methods Cross-sectional cardiometabolic risk factor variables on 3091 black and white children (56% white, 50% male), 4-18 years of age were used. Based on the age-, race- and sex-specific percentiles of BMI, the children were classified as normal weight (5th - 85th percentiles) and overweight/obese (≥ 85th percentile). The risk profiles of each group based on the WHtR ( Results 9.2% of the children in the normal weight group were centrally obese (WHtR ≥0.5) and 19.8% among the overweight/obese were not (WHtR < 0.5). On multivariate analysis the normal weight centrally obese children were 1.66, 2.01, 1.47 and 2.05 times more likely to have significant adverse levels of LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and insulin, respectively. In addition to having a higher prevalence of parental history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the normal weight central obesity group showed a significantly higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001). In the overweight/obese group, those without central obesity were 0.53 and 0.27 times less likely to have significant adverse levels of HDL cholesterol and HOMA-IR, respectively (p < 0.05), as compared to those with central obesity. These overweight/obese children without central obesity also showed significantly lower prevalence of parental history of hypertension (p = 0.002), type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.03) and metabolic syndrome (p < 0.0001). Conclusion WHtR not only detects central obesity and related adverse cardiometabolic risk among normal weight children, but also identifies those without such conditions among the overweight/obese children, which has implications for pediatric primary care practice. more...
- Published
- 2010
96. Relation of serum phosphorus levels to carotid intima-media thickness in asymptomatic young adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study)
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Ahmet Toprak, Litao Ruan, Jihua Xu, Gerald S. Berenson, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Wei Chen
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Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Blood Pressure ,Vascular risk ,Asymptomatic ,White People ,Article ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,cardiovascular diseases ,Young adult ,Risk factor ,Ultrasonography ,business.industry ,Phosphorus ,Smoking ,Atherosclerosis ,Louisiana ,Black or African American ,Carotid Arteries ,Intima-media thickness ,chemistry ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Circulatory system ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular system ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Serum phosphorus ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Tunica Intima ,Tunica Media ,Algorithms ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Elevated serum phosphorus has been associated with increased mortality from cardiovascular (CV) disease. However, information is scant regarding the influence of serum phosphorus within the normal range on vascular risk in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic young adults. Serum phosphorus along with other CV risk factor variables were measured in 856 white and 354 black subjects without known CV disease or renal disease. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured by B-mode ultrasonography. Significant race and sex differences were noted for serum phosphorus (blacks>whites) and carotid IMT (black females>white females; males>females). In bivariate analyses, serum phosphorus was correlated with carotid IMT (p more...
- Published
- 2010
97. Fasting plasma glucose levels within the normoglycemic range in childhood as a predictor of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study
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Gerald S. Berenson, Quoc Manh Nguyen, Wei Chen, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, and Jihua Xu
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pediatrics ,Blood sugar ,Type 2 diabetes ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Young Adult ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Humans ,Prediabetes ,Child ,Retrospective Studies ,Anthropometry ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Hemodynamics ,Retrospective cohort study ,Odds ratio ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Fasting ,medicine.disease ,Endocrinology ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Female ,business ,Cohort study ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
To determine whether childhood elevated fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels within the normoglycemic range predict diabetes in adulthood.Retrospective cohort study.Community of Bogalusa, Louisiana.Normoglycemic (n = 1723), prediabetic (n = 79), and type 2 diabetic (n = 47) adults aged 19 to 44 years followed up serially for an average of 21 years since childhood. Main Exposures Association of elevated baseline childhood FPG levels with the prediabetic or diabetic status at the last survey in adulthood.Receiver operating characteristic analysis and longitudinal logistic regression odds ratios.The prevalent rate of adult diabetes status by quartiles of baseline childhood FPG levels showed an adverse trend for prediabetes (P.001) and diabetes (P = .03), with an apparent threshold occurring at or above the 50th percentile (86 mg/dL). Regarding the predictive value of the above threshold, the area under the receiver operating curve analysis yielded a C value of 0.855 for prediabetes and 0.789 for diabetes models, with sensitivity and specificity, respectively, of 76.9% and 85.2% for prediabetes and 75.0% and 76.0% for diabetes. In a multivariate analysis that included anthropometric, hemodynamic, and metabolic variables from childhood to adulthood and baseline childhood FPG status (or = vs50th percentile), individuals with elevated childhood FPG levels were 3.40 times more likely to develop prediabetes (P.001) and 2.06 times more likely to develop diabetes (P = .05) as adults.The fact that elevated FPG level in childhood, even within the normoglycemic range, is a predictor of type 2 diabetes in younger adulthood has implications for health care policy. more...
- Published
- 2010
98. Utility of childhood glucose homeostasis variables in predicting adult diabetes and related cardiometabolic risk factors: the Bogalusa Heart Study
- Author
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Gerald S. Berenson, Lyn Kieltyka, Jihua Xu, Wei Chen, Quoc Manh Nguyen, and Sathanur R. Srinivasan
- Subjects
Adult ,Blood Glucose ,Male ,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Type 2 diabetes ,Prediabetic State ,Young Adult ,Insulin resistance ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,Diabetes mellitus ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Glucose homeostasis ,Homeostasis ,Humans ,Young adult ,Age of Onset ,Child ,Original Research ,Retrospective Studies ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,business.industry ,Insulin ,Age Factors ,medicine.disease ,Louisiana ,Endocrinology ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ,Cardiovascular Diseases ,Female ,Metabolic syndrome ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the usefulness of childhood glucose homeostasis variables (glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance index [homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance {HOMA-IR}]) in predicting pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and related cardiometabolic risk factors in adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study consisted of normoglycemic (n = 1,058), pre-diabetic (n = 37), and type 2 diabetic (n = 25) adults aged 19–39 years who were followed on average for 17 years since childhood. RESULTS At least 50% of the individuals who ranked highest (top quintile) in childhood for glucose homeostasis variables maintained their high rank by being above the 60th percentile in adulthood. In a multivariate model, the best predictors of adulthood glucose homeostasis variables were the change in BMI Z score from childhood to adulthood and childhood BMI Z score, followed by the corresponding childhood levels of glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Further, children in the top decile versus the rest for insulin and HOMA-IR were 2.85 and 2.55 times, respectively, more likely to develop pre-diabetes; children in the top decile versus the rest for glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR were 3.28, 5.54, and 5.84 times, respectively, more likely to develop diabetes, independent of change in BMI Z score, baseline BMI Z score, and total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio. In addition, children with adverse levels (top quintile versus the rest) of glucose homeostasis variables displayed significantly higher prevalences of, among others, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and metabolic syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Adverse levels of glucose homeostasis variables in childhood not only persist into adulthood but also predict adult pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes and relate to cardiometabolic risk factors. more...
- Published
- 2009
99. Plasma homocysteine is adversely associated with glomerular filtration rate in asymptomatic black and white young adults: the Bogalusa heart study
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Jihua Xu, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Gerald S. Berenson, Litao Ruan, Ahmet Toprak, and Wei Chen
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Homocysteine ,Epidemiology ,Cystamine ,Renal function ,Kidney ,Asymptomatic ,White People ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Blood plasma ,medicine ,Odds Ratio ,Humans ,business.industry ,Odds ratio ,medicine.disease ,United States ,Black or African American ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Multivariate Analysis ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Body mass index ,Kidney disease ,Glomerular Filtration Rate - Abstract
That plasma homocysteine is elevated markedly in renal dysfunction is well recognized. But whether the increased homocysteine is an independent correlate of glomerular filtration rate, a marker of renal function, in asymptomatic younger individuals is not clear. The aim of this study was to determine the association between plasma homocysteine and renal function in a biracial (black-white) community-based cohort of asymptomatic young adults. Plasma homocysteine along with cardiovascular disease risk factor variables were measured in 805 white and 330 black subjects, ages 24-44 years, enrolled in the Bogalusa Heart Study. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study equation was used to calculate the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from serum creatinine level. Males versus females showed higher homocysteine levels (8.83 +/- 3.16 vs. 7.35 +/- 2.84 micromol/L, p0.0001) and lower eGFR (99.1 +/- 17.6 vs. 102.5 +/- 21.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2), p = 0.024). Whites versus blacks had lower eGFR (97.3 +/- 18.0 vs. 110.0 +/- 20.6 mL/min/1.73 m(2), p0.0001). In a multivariate regression analysis that included age, race, sex, body mass index, blood pressure, lipoprotein variables, insulin resistance index and homocysteine, white race, age and homocysteine, in that order, were independently and negatively associated with eGFR. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of individuals in the homocysteine quintiles II, III, IV and V vs. I for having the risk of impaired eGFR defined as10th percentile was 2.28 (0.95-5.50, p = 0.065), 2.97 (1.24-7.12, p = 0.015), 3.32 (1.45-7.60, p = 0.005) and 6.99 (3.06-15.94, p0.0001), respectively. Homocysteine is an independent correlate of renal function in asymptomatic black and white young adults. more...
- Published
- 2009
100. Usefulness of childhood non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels versus other lipoprotein measures in predicting adult subclinical atherosclerosis: the Bogalusa Heart Study
- Author
-
Gerald S. Berenson, Sathanur R. Srinivasan, Maria G. Frontini, Jihua Xu, Rong Tang, and M. Gene Bond
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apolipoprotein B ,Adolescent ,Lipoproteins ,Asymptomatic ,Cohort Studies ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Risk factor ,Child ,Ultrasonography ,biology ,Triglyceride ,Apolipoprotein A-I ,business.industry ,Cholesterol ,Cholesterol, HDL ,Odds ratio ,Cholesterol, LDL ,Atherosclerosis ,Blood pressure ,Endocrinology ,Carotid Arteries ,chemistry ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Apolipoprotein B-100 ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Lipoprotein ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study sought to examine the usefulness of childhood non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level versus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, triglyceride level, apolipoprotein B level, apolipoprotein A-I level, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio in predicting adult excess carotid intima-media thickness, an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis.METHODS. This retrospective cohort study included 437 black and white subjects (70% white and 40% male) who participated in the Bogalusa Heart Study as children 5 to 17 years of age and as adults 16 to 19 years later.RESULTS. In analyses of each lipoprotein measure as a risk factor for predicting excess carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood, non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, apolipoprotein B level, and apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A-I ratio emerged as significant predictors, with respective odds ratios of 2.60, 2.95, 1.78, 1.44, and 1.69, after adjustment for childhood BMI, systolic blood pressure, other lipoprotein measures, and follow-up years; the odds ratios for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein A-I levels were not significant. Regarding the discriminating value of different childhood lipoprotein measures in predicting excess carotid intima-media thickness in adulthood, analyses of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each lipoprotein measure, adjusted for the aforementioned nonlipoprotein covariates, indicated that the value of 0.65 for the non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was similar in magnitude to those for other lipoprotein measures, with values ranging from 0.62 to 0.66.CONCLUSIONS. Childhood non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels are as good as other lipoprotein measures in predicting subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood, which has practical implications for coronary artery disease risk assessment and intervention in pediatric populations. more...
- Published
- 2008
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