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Aim: To establish reference values of vertebral heart score (VHS) in Indian Spitz, Labrador retriever, and Mongrel dogs; to assess applicability of VHS in these three dog breeds; to determine if breed, recumbency side, gender, body weight, and thoracic depth (TD) to thoracic width (TW) ratio has an influence on the VHS measurement in these dog breeds. Materials and Methods: A total of 60, client owned, clinically healthy Indian Spitz (n=20, mean age = 4.25±2.15 years, body weight = 11.87±2.7 kg), Labrador retriever (n=20, mean age = 4.75±1.91 years, body weight = 27.31±5.43 kg), and Mongrel dogs (n=20, mean age = 4.25±1.52 years, body weight = 16.25±3.99 kg), having no radiological and clinical signs of cardiovascular or pulmonary disease were included in the study. All dogs were restrained manually and left lateral (LL) and right lateral (RL) radiographic views were obtained. The size of heart in lateral radiographs was calculated using VHS method. Besides, the TD, TW and TD: TW were calculated to determine the type of thoracic conformation in the dog breeds. In addition to this, the effect of breed, side of recumbency, gender, body weight, and TD to TW ratio on the calculation of VHS was determined. Results: VHS was calculated in all the animals of the breeds. VHS in Spitz and Labrador retriever was significantly (p9.7±0.5 v. RL and LL VHS in Mongrel dog was significantly (p9.7±0.5 v. Significant (p

Over the last five decades or so, the structure, conception and practice of science have undergone a complete transformation and paradigm shift accompanied by myriad issues, including moral, ethical, administrative, universal applicability and feasibility and so on. The crux of such a dazzling array of aforementioned issues lies in the pace of advancement of scientific knowledge over the half century compared to the preceding era, which lends itself to be reasonably followed and assimilated by the society. Although, the preceding era of science was not completely devoid of falsehood and immorality, such issues, if any, were timely comprehended, thought through and resolved by concerned stakeholders with topmost priority and urgency following rational debate and open deliberation. Owing to selfishness, self-morality and high ethical standing of intellectuals, the reports of scientific misconduct were very rare, and if any, received high magnitude of condemnation and denigration, and hence such malpractices could not insidiously spread their hideous tentacle of falsehood into the very deep of our society. However, research practices in current period, irrespective of academic or science domains and area, have come off worst and gone through plethora of complications replete with frequent reports of increasingly complicated scientific misconduct/malpractices, manipulation, fabrication, self/non-self plagiarism and broken science integrity, textual recycling from all over the world. Apart from unproductive spending of the public money, such cases of scientific malpractices are drawing widespread global attention and irreversibly jeopardising the hard-earned reputation of persons concerned in particular and institutions and nations in general. Moreover, scientific misconduct not only compromises scientific integrity by distorting empirical evidence, but also weakens the very foundation of our global scientific repertoire, shattering people’s faith and belief in scientific value for society with very dark prospect for the future generation to come. Therefore, it’s time to think science and research conduct over so as to bring back the correct and universally feasible and practicable scientific discoveries for the larger benefit of all sections of society irrespective of cast, creed, socio-economic status and geographical locations.

The Doctoral programme leads to the highest academic degree in one’s life. Originally, this programme was postulated and conceived to provide platform to the young and bright minds to search for and unravel the hidden path of knowledge with demystifying the century-old irrational beliefs and misconceptions. Over the decades or so, this notion led to the dazzling array of discoveries, insightful research and conceptual understanding, unveiling the nature’s working, and made the life easier for human beings around the world. However, the core purpose of research and science educations seems to be deviating from its trajectory which needs to be comprehensively introspected and rectified by all the stakeholders concerned before it is too late.

A study was conducted with the objective to compare the efficacy of the intravaginal progesterone sponge and buck effect on oestrus synchronization, conception rate and oestrous behaviour during non-breeding season in non-descript goats. The study was carried out from November, 2015 to February, 2016 and does (n=18) were divided into three equal groups. T1 group was treated with intravaginal progesterone (P4) sponge kept in situ for 15 d (350mg P4/sponge) and T2 group was teased with a sexually active aproned buck for 6 h/dy for 15 d. The does in control group were kept without any treatment. The does in T1 group exhibited 100% oestrus as against 50% in T2 group within 72 h of treatment. The interval between removal of sponge and onset of oestrus was significantly (P

The present study was aimed at finding out the level of adoption of scientific feeding management practices among Hill Korwa tribes with relation to the independent socio-economic variables and also the perceived training need in feeding management practices. Data were collected from 160 respondents of Surguja district, Chhattisgarh, through a pre-tested structured interview schedule. Results depicted that majority of respondents were partial adopter (48.8%) followed by low (43.1%) and high (8.1%) adopters. Total annual income, income from livestock, extension agency contact and mass media exposure had positive and significant correlation with adoption of feeding management practices whereas, age and material possession had negative and significant correlation with adoption of feeding management practices. In the area of training, the feeding of sick animals was ranked first with a mean score of 2.70 followed by feeding of newly born calf (2.24), feeding of pregnant animals (2.09), preparation of balanced ration (1.86), importance of clean drinking water (1.42) and preparation of mineral mixture (1.39), was as perceived by the farmers in study area.

The present paper deals with the morbidity and mortality rates and examine the effects of age, sex, environmental conditions, management practices and other factors on morbidity and mortality in small ruminants in rural conditions of Himachal Pradesh using suitable statistical techniques. A total 540 livestock owners constitute the ultimate sample from thirty six villages and twelve veterinary hospitals for the study. The sampling scheme followed in the present study was Stratified three-stage random sampling. Morbidity and mortality data were collected from all selected bovine owners in the state for period of one year (January 2011 to December 2011). Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 19.99 per cent and 6.37 per cent respectively. The morbidity rate was highest for specific diseases 14.4 per cent followed by injury & accidents 2.84 per cent, digestive diseases 1.56 per cent and parasitic diseases 0.89 per cent. The mortality rate was highest for specific diseases 3.73 per cent followed by injury and accidents 1.09 per cent, digestive diseases 0.91 per cent and parasitic diseases 0.45 per cent. The above diseases can be minimized by adopting necessary action regarding deworming, vaccination, proper ventilation, balance feeding and good management practices.

The present study was designed to evaluate and develop the therapeutic management for toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed and seed oil in rats. Sub-acute toxicity of Jatropha curcas seed and seed oil was evaluated by using 30 healthy rats, weighing 150–200 gram and 2–2.5 months old, equally and randomly divided in five groups of six rats in each group and adequate measures were taken to minimize pain to the animals. Group I served as control. The study was conducted by daily oral dosing of Jatropha curcas seed @ 4seed/rat and seed oil @ 1ml/rat followed by the treatment with the therapeutic module comprising of sodium thiosulphate (33.75mg/ml) and glutathione (22.5mg/ml) @ 1ml/rat in group III and V for 28 days. Hematobiochemical and antioxidative parameters as LPO and GSH in erythrocytes, liver, kidney and brain were estimated at day 28. Mild to moderate diarrhoea, dullness, depression and letharginess were observed in all animals in without treatment group II and IV, whereas, mild clinical signs were observed in treatment group III and V. A significant (P