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52. Risk factors associated with incident clinical vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in postmenopausal women: the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos)

Author

Papaioannou, Alexandra, Joseph, Lawrence, Ioannidis, George, Berger, Claudie, Anastassiades, Tassos, Brown, Jacques P., Hanley, David A., Hopman, Wilma, Josse, Robert G., Kirkland, Susan, Murray, Timothy M., Olszynski, Wojciech P., Pickard, Laura, Prior, Jerilynn C., Siminoski, Kerry, and Adachi, Jonathan D.

Published
2005
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53. Calcium and Vitamin D Intake and Mortality: Results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study (CaMos)

Author

Langsetmo, Lisa, Berger, Claudie, Kreiger, Nancy, Kovacs, Christopher S., Hanley, David A., Jamal, Sophie A., Whiting, Susan J., Genest, Jacques, Morin, Suzanne N., Hodsman, Anthony, Prior, Jerilynn C., Lentle, Brian, Patel, Millan S., Brown, Jacques P., Anastasiades, Tassos, Towheed, Tanveer, Josse, Robert G., Papaioannou, Alexandra, Adachi, Jonathan D., Leslie, William D., Davison, K. Shawn, and Goltzman, David

Published
2013

55. Effects of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods vs lovastatin on serum lipids and C-reactive protein

Author

Jenkins, David J.A., Kendall, Cyril W.C., Marchie, Augustine, Faulkner, Dorothea A., Wong, Julia M.W., Souza, Russell de, Emam, Azadeh, Parker, Tina L., Vidgen, Edward, Lapsley, Karen G., Trautwein, Elke A., Josse, Robert G., Leiter, Lawrence A., and Connelly, Philip W.

Subjects
Hypercholesterolemia -- Diet therapy, Hypercholesterolemia -- Drug therapy, Lovastatin -- Evaluation
Abstract

A diet that contains many different foods that can lower blood cholesterol may be as effective as treatment with a group of drugs called statins, according to a study of 46 people. One-third ate a diet high in plant sterols, soy protein, fiber, and almonds. One-third ate a basic low-fat diet and took lovastatin, and the remainder just ate a low-fat diet. Both lovastatin and the comprehensive diet were more effective than a basic low-fat diet in lowering blood cholesterol levels.

Published
2003

56. Acarbose treatment and the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension in patients with impaired glucose tolerance: the STOP-NIDDM trial

Author

Chiasson, Jean-Louis, Josse, Robert G., Gomis, Ramon, Hanefeld, Markolf, Karasik, Avraham, and Laakso, Markku

Subjects
Glucose intolerance -- Drug therapy, Acarbose -- Evaluation, Heart attack -- Prevention, Hypertension -- Prevention, Cookery for hypertensives -- Prevention
Abstract

Treating people with impaired glucose tolerance with acarbose may reduce their risk of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, according to a study of 1,368 patients. The most significant benefit was a 90% lower rate of heart attacks in the patients who took acarbose. Impaired glucose tolerance is considered an early sign of type 2 diabetes.

Published
2003

58. What is the Number of Older Canadians Needed to Screen by Measurement of Bone Density to Detect an Undiagnosed Case of Osteoporosis? A Population-Based Study From CaMos

Author

Sawka, Anna M., Papaioannou, Alexandra, Josse, Robert G., Murray, Timothy M., Ioannidis, George, Hanley, David A., Prior, Jerilynn C., Thabane, Lehana, Papadimitropoulos, E.A., Gafni, Amiram, Pickard, Laura, Anastassiades, Tassos, Kirkland, Susan, Adachi, Jonathan D., and the CaMos Research Group

Published
2006
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60. Effect of Legumes as Part of a Low Glycemic Index Diet on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Jenkins, David J., Kendall, Cyril W., Augustin, Livia S., Mitchell, Sandra, Sahye-Pudaruth, Sandhya, Blanco Mejia, Sonia, Chiavaroli, Laura, Mirrahimi, Arash, Ireland, Christopher, Bashyam, Balachandran, Vidgen, Edward, de Souza, Russell J., Sievenpiper, John L., Coveney, Judy, Leiter, Lawrence A., and Josse, Robert G.

Published
2012
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62. Supplemental Vitamins and Minerals for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment

Author

Jenkins, David J.A., primary, Spence, J. David, additional, Giovannucci, Edward L., additional, Kim, Young-in, additional, Josse, Robert G., additional, Vieth, Reinhold, additional, Sahye-Pudaruth, Sandhya, additional, Paquette, Melanie, additional, Patel, Darshna, additional, Blanco Mejia, Sonia, additional, Viguiliouk, Effie, additional, Nishi, Stephanie K., additional, Kavanagh, Meaghan, additional, Tsirakis, Tom, additional, Kendall, Cyril W.C., additional, Pichika, Sathish C., additional, and Sievenpiper, John L., additional

Published
2021
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63. Effect of a Dietary Portfolio of Cholesterol-Lowering Foods Given at 2 Levels of Intensity of Dietary Advice on Serum Lipids in Hyperlipidemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Author

Jenkins, David J., Jones, Peter J., Lamarche, Benoit, Kendall, Cyril W., Faulkner, Dorothea, Cermakova, Luba, Gigleux, Iris, Ramprasath, Vanu, de Souza, Russell, Ireland, Chris, Patel, Darshna, Srichaikul, Korbua, Abdulnour, Shahad, Bashyam, Balachandran, Collier, Cheryl, Hoshizaki, Sandy, Josse, Robert G., Leiter, Lawrence A., Connelly, Philip W., and Frohlich, Jiri

Published
2011
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67. Vertebral Fractures: Which Radiological Criteria Are Better Associated With the Clinical Course of Osteoporosis?

Author

Lentle, Brian C., primary, Berger, Claudie, additional, Brown, Jacques P., additional, Probyn, Linda, additional, Langsetmo, Lisa, additional, Hammond, Ian, additional, Hu, Jeff, additional, Leslie, William D., additional, Prior, Jerilynn C., additional, Hanley, David A., additional, Adachi, Jonathan D., additional, Josse, Robert G., additional, Cheung, Angela M., additional, Kaiser, Stephanie M., additional, Towheed, Tanveer, additional, Kovacs, Christopher S., additional, Wong, Andy Kin On, additional, and Goltzman, David, additional

Published
2020
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71. Relation between fractures and mortality: results from the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study

Author

Ioannidis, George, PhD, Papaioannou, Alexandra, MD, Hopman, Wilma M., MSc, Akhtar-Danesh, Noori, PhD, Anastassiades, Tassos, MD, Pickard, Laura, MA, Kennedy, Courtney C., MSc, Prior, Jerilynn C., MD, Olszynski, Wojciech P., MD PhD, Davison, Kenneth S., PhD, Goltzman, David, MD, Thabane, Lehana, PhD, Gafni, Amiran, PhD, Papadimitropoulos, Emmanuel A., PhD, Brown, Jacques P., MD, Josse, Robert G., MD, Hanley, David A., MD, and Adachi, Jonathan D., MD

Published
2009
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75. Genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-[alpha] modify the association between dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids and fasting HDL-cholesterol and apo A-I concentrations

Author

Fontaine-Bisson, Benedicte, Wolever, Thomas M.S., Chiasson, Jean-Louis, Rabasa-Lhoret, Remi, Maheux, Pierre, Josse, Robert G., Leiter, Lawrence A., Rodger, N. Wilson, Ryan, Edmond A., Connelly, Philip W., Corey, Paul N., and Sohemy, Ahmed El-

Subjects
Genetic polymorphisms -- Research, Tumor necrosis factor -- Genetic aspects, Tumor necrosis factor -- Research, Type 2 diabetes -- Risk factors, Type 2 diabetes -- Genetic aspects, Type 2 diabetes -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Heterogeneity in circulating lipid concentrations in response to dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be due, in part, to genetic variations. Tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-[alpha]) is a proinflammatory cytokine that can induce hyperlipidemia and is known to be modulated by dietary PUFAs. Objective: The objective was to determine whether TNF-[alpha] genotypes modify the association between dietary PUFA intake and serum lipid concentrations. Design: The study involved 53 men and 56 women aged 42-75 y with type 2 diabetes. Dietary intakes were assessed with the use of a 3-d food record, and blood samples were collected to determine fasting serum lipids. DNA was isolated from blood for genotyping by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism for the TNF-[alpha]--238G [right arrow] A and--308G [right arrow] A polymorphisms. Results: PUFA intake was positively associated with serum HDL cholesterol in carriers of the -238A allele ([beta] = 0.06 [+ or -] 0.03 mmol/L per 1% of energy from PUFAs; P = 0.03), but negatively associated in those with the -238GG genotype ([beta] = -0.03 [+ or -] 0.01, P = 0.03) (P = 0.004 for interaction). PUFA intake was inversely associated with HDL cholesterol in carriers of the -308A allele ([beta] = -0.07 [+ or -] 0.02, P = 0.002), but not in those with the -308GG genotype ([beta] = 0.02 [+ or -] 0.02, P = 0.13) (P = 0.001 for interaction). A stronger gene x diet interaction was observed when the polymorphisms at the 2 positions (-238/-308) were combined (P = 0.0003). Similar effects were observed for apolipoprotein A-I, but not with other dietary fatty acids and serum lipids. Conclusion: TNF-[alpha] genotypes modify the relation between dietary PUFA intake and HDL-cholesterol concentrations. These findings suggest that genetic variations affecting inflammation may explain some of the inconsistencies between previous studies relating PUFA intake and circulating HDL. KEY WORDS Tumor necrosis factor-a, genotype, polyunsaturated fatty acids, HDL cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-I, type 2 diabetes

Published
2007

78. A Risk Assessment Tool for Predicting Fragility Fractures and Mortality in the Elderly

Author

Tran, Thach, Tran, Thach, Bliuc, Dana, Pham, Hanh M., van Geel, Tineke, Adachi, Jonathan D., Berger, Claudie, van den Bergh, Joop, Eisman, John A., Geusens, Piet, Goltzman, David, Hanley, David A., Josse, Robert G., Kaiser, Stephanie M., Kovacs, Christopher S., Langsetmo, Lisa, Prior, Jerilynn C., Nguyen, Tuan, Center, Jacqueline R., CaMOS Res Grp, Tran, Thach, Tran, Thach, Bliuc, Dana, Pham, Hanh M., van Geel, Tineke, Adachi, Jonathan D., Berger, Claudie, van den Bergh, Joop, Eisman, John A., Geusens, Piet, Goltzman, David, Hanley, David A., Josse, Robert G., Kaiser, Stephanie M., Kovacs, Christopher S., Langsetmo, Lisa, Prior, Jerilynn C., Nguyen, Tuan, Center, Jacqueline R., and CaMOS Res Grp

Abstract

Existing fracture risk assessment tools are not designed to predict fracture-associated consequences, possibly contributing to the current undermanagement of fragility fractures worldwide. We aimed to develop a risk assessment tool for predicting the conceptual risk of fragility fractures and its consequences. The study involved 8965 people aged >= 60 years from the Dubbo Osteoporosis Epidemiology Study and the Canadian Multicentre Osteoporosis Study. Incident fracture was identified from X-ray reports and questionnaires, and death was ascertained though contact with a family member or obituary review. We used a multistate model to quantify the effects of the predictors on the transition risks to an initial and subsequent incident fracture and mortality, accounting for their complex interrelationships, confounding effects, and death as a competing risk. There were 2364 initial fractures, 755 subsequent fractures, and 3300 deaths during a median follow-up of 13 years (interquartile range [IQR] 7-15). The prediction model included sex, age, bone mineral density, history of falls within 12 previous months, prior fracture after the age of 50 years, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, chronic pulmonary diseases, hypertension, and cancer. The model accurately predicted fragility fractures up to 11 years of follow-up and post-fracture mortality up to 9 years, ranging from 7 years after hip fractures to 15 years after non-hip fractures. For example, a 70-year-old woman with aT-score of -1.5 and without other risk factors would have 10% chance of sustaining a fracture and an 8% risk of dying in 5 years. However, after an initial fracture, her risk of sustaining another fracture or dying doubles to 33%, ranging from 26% after a distal to 42% post hip fracture. A robust statistical technique was used to develop a prediction model for individualization of progression to fracture and its consequences, facilitating informed decision making about risk and thus treatm

Published
2020

81. Standards and Guidelines for Performing Central Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in Premenopausal Women, Men, and Children: A Report From the Canadian Panel of the International Society of Clinical Densitometry

Author

Khan, Aliya A., Bachrach, Laura, Brown, Jacques P., Hanley, David A., Josse, Robert G., Kendler, David L., Leib, Edward S., Lentle, Brian C., Leslie, William D., Lewiecki, E. Michael, Miller, Paul D., Nicholson, R. Larry, O'Brien, Christopher, Olszynski, Wojciech P., Theriault, M.Y. Diane, and Watts, Nelson B.

Published
2004
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82. Cluster Analysis of Cardiovascular Phenotypes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Established Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: A Potential Approach to Precision Medicine.

Author

Sharma, Abhinav, Yinggan Zheng, Ezekowitz, Justin A., Westerhout, Cynthia M., Udell, Jacob A., Goodman, Shaun G., Armstrong, Paul W., Buse, John B., Green, Jennifer B., Josse, Robert G., Kaufman, Keith D., McGuire, Darren K., Ambrosio, Giuseppe, Lee-Ming Chuang, Lopes, Renato D., Peterson, Eric D., Holman, Rury R., Zheng, Yinggan, and Chuang, Lee-Ming

Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes, CLUSTER analysis (Statistics), CARDIOVASCULAR diseases, INDIVIDUALIZED medicine, PROPORTIONAL hazards models
Abstract

Objective: Phenotypic heterogeneity among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is ill defined. We used cluster analysis machine-learning algorithms to identify phenotypes among trial participants with T2DM and ASCVD.Research Design and Methods: We used data from the Trial Evaluating Cardiovascular Outcomes with Sitagliptin (TECOS) study (n = 14,671), a cardiovascular outcome safety trial comparing sitagliptin with placebo in patients with T2DM and ASCVD (median follow-up 3.0 years). Cluster analysis using 40 baseline variables was conducted, with associations between clusters and the primary composite outcome (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for unstable angina) assessed by Cox proportional hazards models. We replicated the results using the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL) trial.Results: Four distinct phenotypes were identified: cluster I included Caucasian men with a high prevalence of coronary artery disease; cluster II included Asian patients with a low BMI; cluster III included women with noncoronary ASCVD disease; and cluster IV included patients with heart failure and kidney dysfunction. The primary outcome occurred, respectively, in 11.6%, 8.6%, 10.3%, and 16.8% of patients in clusters I to IV. The crude difference in cardiovascular risk for the highest versus lowest risk cluster (cluster IV vs. II) was statistically significant (hazard ratio 2.74 [95% CI 2.29-3.29]). Similar phenotypes and outcomes were identified in EXSCEL.Conclusions: In patients with T2DM and ASCVD, cluster analysis identified four clinically distinct groups. Further cardiovascular phenotyping is warranted to inform patient care and optimize clinical trial designs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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90. Glycaemic index of fruits and fruit products in patients with diabetes

Author

Wolever, Thomas M.S., Vuksan, Vladimir, Relle, Lisa Katzman, Jenkins, Alexandra L., Josse, Robert G., Wong, Gerald S., and Jenkins, David J.A.

Subjects
Fruit -- Composition, Diabetics -- Food and nutrition, Blood sugar -- Measurement, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

The glycemic index of fruits and fruit products were examined to determine their effects on blood sugar of diabetics. Results show that the blood glucose levels increased rapidly after ingestion of fruit juices and canned fruits compared to white bread. However, these fruit products have lower peak rises compared to bread as seen from lowered blood glucose concentration 180 minutes after fruit ingestion. White bread, on the other hand, caused higher blood glucose responses as a result of its high sugar content.

Published
1993

91. Effects of high- and low-isoflavone soyfoods on blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure in hyperlipidemic men and women

Author

Jenkins, David JA, Kendall, Cyril WC, Jackson, Chung-Ja C, Connelly, Philip W, Parker, Tina, Faulkner, Dorothea, Vidgen, Edward, Cunnane, Stephen C, Leiter, Lawrence A, and Josse, Robert G

Subjects
Flavones -- Health aspects, Cardiovascular diseases -- Health aspects, Soyfoods -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Background: Many of the benefits of soy have been attributed to soy isoflavones. Objective: The objective was to determine the effects of high- and low-isoflavone soy-protein foods on both lipid and nonlipid risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Forty-one hyperlipidemic men and postmenopausal women participated in a study with three 1-mo diets: a low-fat dairy food control diet and high- (50 g soy protein and 73 mg isoflavones daily) and low- (52 g soy protein and 10 mg isoflavones daily) isoflavone soyfood diets. All 3 diets were very low in saturated fat (< 5% of energy) and cholesterol (< 50 mg/d). Fasting blood samples were drawn and blood pressure was measured at the start and end of each diet. Results: No significant differences were seen between the high-and low-isoflavone soy diets. Compared with the control diet, however, both soy diets resulted in significantly lower total cholesterol, estimated CAD risk, and ratios of total to HDL cholesterol, LDL to HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B to A-I. No significant sex differences were observed, except for systolic blood pressure, which in men was significantly lower after the soy diets than after the control diet. On the basis of blood lipid and blood pressure changes, the calculated CAD risk was significantly lower with the soy diets, by 10.1 [+ or -] 2.7%. Conclusion: Substitution of soyfoods for animal products, regardless of isoflavone concentration, reduces the CAD risk because of both modest reductions in blood lipids and reductions in oxidized LDL, homocysteine, and blood pressure. KEY WORDS Soy protein, isoflavones, diet, cardiovascular disease risk, blood lipids, oxidized LDL, homocysteine, blood pressure

Published
2002

98. An interdisciplinary knowledge translation intervention in long-term care: Study protocol for the vitamin D and osteoporosis study (ViDOS) pilot cluster randomized controlled trial

Author

Kennedy Courtney C, Ioannidis George, Giangregorio Lora M, Adachi Jonathan D, Thabane Lehana, Morin Suzanne N, Crilly Richard G, Marr Sharon, Josse Robert G, Lohfeld Lynne, Pickard Laura E, King Susanne, van der Horst Mary-Lou, Campbell Glenda, Stroud Jackie, Dolovich Lisa, Sawka Anna M, Jain Ravi, Nash Lynn, and Papaioannou Alexandra

Subjects
Knowledge translation, Long-term care, Nursing home, Osteoporosis, Fractures, Vitamin D, Multifaceted, Interdisciplinary, Feasibility, Audit and feedback, Reminders, Interactive, Educational meeting, Opinion leader, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Abstract Background Knowledge translation (KT) research in long-term care (LTC) is still in its early stages. This protocol describes the evaluation of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary KT intervention aimed at integrating evidence-based osteoporosis and fracture prevention strategies into LTC care processes. Methods and design The Vitamin D and Osteoporosis Study (ViDOS) is underway in 40 LTC homes (n = 19 intervention, n = 21 control) across Ontario, Canada. The primary objectives of this study are to assess the feasibility of delivering the KT intervention, and clinically, to increase the percent of LTC residents prescribed ≥800 IU of vitamin D daily. Eligibility criteria are LTC homes that are serviced by our partner pharmacy provider and have more than one prescribing physician. The target audience within each LTC home is the Professional Advisory Committee (PAC), an interdisciplinary team who meets quarterly. The key elements of the intervention are three interactive educational sessions led by an expert opinion leader, action planning using a quality improvement cycle, audit and feedback reports, nominated internal champions, and reminders/point-of-care tools. Control homes do not receive any intervention, however both intervention and control homes received educational materials as part of the Ontario Osteoporosis Strategy. Primary outcomes are feasibility measures (recruitment, retention, attendance at educational sessions, action plan items identified and initiated, internal champions identified, performance reports provided and reviewed), and vitamin D (≥800 IU/daily) prescribing at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of residents prescribed calcium supplements and osteoporosis medications, and falls and fractures. Qualitative methods will examine the experience of the LTC team with the KT intervention. Homes are centrally randomized to intervention and control groups in blocks of variable size using a computer generated allocation sequence. Randomization is stratified by home size and profit/nonprofit status. Prescribing data retrieval and analysis are performed by blinded personnel. Discussion Our study will contribute to an improved understanding of the feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted intervention aimed at translating knowledge to LTC practitioners. Lessons learned from this study will be valuable in guiding future research and understanding the complexities of translating knowledge in LTC. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01398527.

Published
2012
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