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53. Feature Interactions

Author

Apel, Sven, Batory, Don, Kästner, Christian, Saake, Gunter, Apel, Sven, Batory, Don, Kästner, Christian, and Saake, Gunter

Published
2013
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57. Software Product Lines

Author

Apel, Sven, Batory, Don, Kästner, Christian, Saake, Gunter, Apel, Sven, Batory, Don, Kästner, Christian, and Saake, Gunter

Published
2013
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59. Supplementary Material for 'We Feel Like We're Winging It:' A Study on Navigating Open-Source Dependency Abandonment

Author

Miller, Courtney, Kästner, Christian, and Vasilescu, Bogdan

Subjects
software engineering, open source software, dependency management, open source sustainability
Abstract

This replication package contains the interview guide used for the paper"We Feel Like We're Winging It:" A Study on Navigating Open-Source Dependency Abandonment (ESEC/FSE 2023) along with a table with summary statistics for the interviewees. intervieweeSummaryTable.pdf isa table with the summary statistics for the 33 interview participants. interviewGuide.pdf is the final iteration of the interview guide used for the semi-structured exploratory interviews. For more details on the interview protocol and sampling method please see Sections 3.1 and 3.2 of the paper pre-print here.&nbsp

Published
2023
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60. A Dataset and Analysis of Open-Source Machine Learning Products

Author

Nahar, Nadia, Zhang, Haoran, Lewis, Grace, Zhou, Shurui, Kästner, Christian, Nahar, Nadia, Zhang, Haoran, Lewis, Grace, Zhou, Shurui, and Kästner, Christian

Abstract

Machine learning (ML) components are increasingly incorporated into software products, yet developers face challenges in transitioning from ML prototypes to products. Academic researchers struggle to propose solutions to these challenges and evaluate interventions because they often do not have access to close-sourced ML products from industry. In this study, we define and identify open-source ML products, curating a dataset of 262 repositories from GitHub, to facilitate further research and education. As a start, we explore six broad research questions related to different development activities and report 21 findings from a sample of 30 ML products from the dataset. Our findings reveal a variety of development practices and architectural decisions surrounding different types and uses of ML models that offer ample opportunities for future research innovations. We also find very little evidence of industry best practices such as model testing and pipeline automation within the open-source ML products, which leaves room for further investigation to understand its potential impact on the development and eventual end-user experience for the products.

Published
2023

63. Feature Interactions on Steroids: On the Composition of ML Models

Author

Kästner, Christian, Kang, Eunsuk, and Apel, Sven

Subjects
D.2.1, Software Engineering (cs.SE), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Machine Learning, D.2.2, I.2.6, Software, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

The lack of specifications is a key difference between traditional software engineering and machine learning. We discuss how it drastically impacts how we think about divide-and-conquer approaches to system design, and how it impacts reuse, testing and debugging activities. Traditionally, specifications provide a cornerstone for compositional reasoning and for the divide-and-conquer strategy of how we build large and complex systems from components, but those are hard to come by for machine-learned components. While the lack of specification seems like a fundamental new problem at first sight, in fact software engineers routinely deal with iffy specifications in practice: we face weak specifications, wrong specifications, and unanticipated interactions among components and their specifications. Machine learning may push us further, but the problems are not fundamentally new. Rethinking machine-learning model composition from the perspective of the feature interaction problem, we may even teach us a thing or two on how to move forward, including the importance of integration testing, of requirements engineering, and of design.

Published
2022
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64. Layout-Sensitive Generalized Parsing

Author

Erdweg, Sebastian, Rendel, Tillmann, Kästner, Christian, Ostermann, Klaus, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Czarnecki, Krzysztof, editor, and Hedin, Görel, editor

Published
2013
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65. Feature-Oriented Software Development : A Short Tutorial on Feature-Oriented Programming, Virtual Separation of Concerns, and Variability-Aware Analysis

Author

Kästner, Christian, Apel, Sven, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Lämmel, Ralf, editor, Saraiva, João, editor, and Visser, Joost, editor

Published
2013
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66. Service Variability Patterns

Author

Khan, Ateeq, Kästner, Christian, Köppen, Veit, Saake, Gunter, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, De Troyer, Olga, editor, Bauzer Medeiros, Claudia, editor, Billen, Roland, editor, Hallot, Pierre, editor, Simitsis, Alkis, editor, and Van Mingroot, Hans, editor

Published
2011
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67. Revisiting Information Hiding: Reflections on Classical and Nonclassical Modularity

Author

Ostermann, Klaus, Giarrusso, Paolo G., Kästner, Christian, Rendel, Tillmann, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Mezini, Mira, editor

Published
2011
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70. Language-Independent Quantification and Weaving for Feature Composition

Author

Boxleitner, Stefan, Apel, Sven, Kästner, Christian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Bergel, Alexandre, editor, and Fabry, Johan, editor

Published
2009
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71. Feature (De)composition in Functional Programming

Author

Apel, Sven, Kästner, Christian, Größlinger, Armin, Lengauer, Christian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, Bergel, Alexandre, editor, and Fabry, Johan, editor

Published
2009
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72. Model Superimposition in Software Product Lines

Author

Apel, Sven, Janda, Florian, Trujillo, Salvador, Kästner, Christian, Hutchison, David, Series editor, Kanade, Takeo, Series editor, Kittler, Josef, Series editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., Series editor, Mattern, Friedemann, Series editor, Mitchell, John C., Series editor, Naor, Moni, Series editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, Series editor, Pandu Rangan, C., Series editor, Steffen, Bernhard, Series editor, Sudan, Madhu, Series editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, Series editor, Tygar, Doug, Series editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., Series editor, Weikum, Gerhard, Series editor, and Paige, Richard F., editor

Published
2009
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73. An Algebra for Features and Feature Composition

Author

Apel, Sven, Lengauer, Christian, Möller, Bernhard, Kästner, Christian, Hutchison, David, editor, Kanade, Takeo, editor, Kittler, Josef, editor, Kleinberg, Jon M., editor, Mattern, Friedemann, editor, Mitchell, John C., editor, Naor, Moni, editor, Nierstrasz, Oscar, editor, Pandu Rangan, C., editor, Steffen, Bernhard, editor, Sudan, Madhu, editor, Terzopoulos, Demetri, editor, Tygar, Doug, editor, Vardi, Moshe Y., editor, Weikum, Gerhard, editor, Meseguer, José, editor, and Roşu, Grigore, editor

Published
2008
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81. P3HT:PCBM polymer solar cells from a didactic perspective

Author

Alam, Shahidul, primary, Anand, Aman, additional, Islam, Md Moidul, additional, Meitzner, Rico, additional, Djoumessi, Aurelien Sokeng, additional, Slowik, Josef, additional, Teklu, Zekarias, additional, Fischer, Peter, additional, Kästner, Christian, additional, Khan, Jafar I., additional, Schubert, Ulrich S., additional, Laquai, Frédéric, additional, and Hoppe, Harald, additional

Published
2022
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83. Collaboration challenges in building ML-enabled systems

Author

Nahar, Nadia, Zhou, Shurui, Lewis, Grace, and Kästner, Christian

Subjects
Software Engineering (cs.SE), FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Software Engineering, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

The introduction of machine learning (ML) components in software projects has created the need for software engineers to collaborate with data scientists and other specialists. While collaboration can always be challenging, ML introduces additional challenges with its exploratory model development process, additional skills and knowledge needed, difficulties testing ML systems, need for continuous evolution and monitoring, and non-traditional quality requirements such as fairness and explainability. Through interviews with 45 practitioners from 28 organizations, we identified key collaboration challenges that teams face when building and deploying ML systems into production. We report on common collaboration points in the development of production ML systems for requirements, data, and integration, as well as corresponding team patterns and challenges. We find that most of these challenges center around communication, documentation, engineering, and process and collect recommendations to address these challenges., Comment: 22 pages, 10 figures, 5 tables

Published
2022
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89. Perceptions of open‐source software developers on collaborations: An interview and survey study.

Author

Constantino, Kattiana, Souza, Mauricio, Zhou, Shurui, Figueiredo, Eduardo, and Kästner, Christian

Subjects
COMPUTER software development, LITERATURE reviews, SYSTEMS software, COMPUTER software, GROUPWARE (Computer software)
Abstract

With the emergence of social coding platforms, collaboration has become a key and dynamic aspect to the success of software projects. In such platforms, developers have to collaborate and deal with issues of collaboration in open‐source software development. Although collaboration is challenging, collaborative development produces better software systems than any developer could produce alone. Several approaches have investigated collaboration challenges, for instance, by proposing or evaluating models and tools to support collaborative work. Despite the undeniable importance of the existing efforts in this direction, there are few works on collaboration from perspectives of developers. In this work, we aim to investigate the perceptions of open‐source software developers on collaborations, such as motivations, techniques, and tools to support global, productive, and collaborative development. Following an ad hoc literature review, an exploratory interview study with 12 open‐source software developers from GitHub, our novel approach for this problem also relies on an extensive survey with 121 developers to confirm or refute the interview results. We found different collaborative contributions, such as managing change requests. Besides, we observed that most collaborators prefer to collaborate with the core team instead of their peers. We also found that most collaboration happens in software development (60%) and maintenance (47%) tasks. Furthermore, despite personal preferences to work independently, developers still consider collaborating with others in specific task categories, for instance, software development. Finally, developers also expressed the importance of the social coding platforms, such as GitHub, to support maintainers, and contributors in making decisions and developing tasks of the projects. Therefore, these findings may help project leaders optimize the collaborations among developers and reduce entry barriers. Moreover, these findings may support the project collaborators in understanding the collaboration process and engaging others in the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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