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530 results on '"Kawakami, E."'

51. Changes in testicular transferrin concentrations measured by enzyme immunoassay after FSH administration to beagle dogs

Author

Oishi I, Kawakami E, and Arai T

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Urology, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Testicle, Beagle, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Follicle-stimulating hormone, Dogs, Affinity chromatography, Internal medicine, Testis, medicine, Animals, chemistry.chemical_classification, Sertoli Cells, medicine.diagnostic_test, biology, Transferrin, Primary and secondary antibodies, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, chemistry, Immunoassay, biology.protein, Gonadotropin, Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Abstract

A sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for transferrin (Tf) in the canine testis, as an effective marker of Sertoli cell function. Tf was purified from male dog serum by DEAE-Affi-Gel Blue chromatography and gel filtration. Rabbits were immunized with the Tf, and anti-dog Tf antibody was purified from the rabbit serum by affinity chromatography as primary antibody for EIA. Peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-dog Tf antibody was used as the secondary antibody for microtitre plate double-antibody EIA. The EIA was applied to measurement of testicular Tf concentrations in five normal beagle dogs. All of the dogs were given five injections of 2 mg porcine pituitary FSH at 12 h intervals, and testicular biopsy was performed. The testicular tissue was used for EIA of Tf. The optimum dilutions of the primary and secondary antibodies for the standard curves of canine Tf were 1: 4000 and 1: 1000, respectively. The limits of sensitivity of our EIA were between 30 ng Tf/plate-well and 2500 ng/well. The intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation, and the recovery rate were 8.6, 7.6 and 86.0%, respectively. Before FSH administration, the mean +/- SEM Tf concentration in the testis of normal dogs was 357 +/- 31 ng/mL. At 12 h after the final FSH administration, Tf concentrations were significantly increased (p < 0.5) when compared with values before the start of treatment. Thus, Tf in the canine testis, measured by our EIA, appears capable of serving as a marker of Sertoli cell function.

Published
1999

54. Characterization In Vitro and In Vivo of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Viruses Isolated from Patients

Author

Watanabe, T., primary, Imai, M., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Shinya, K., additional, Hatta, M., additional, Li, C., additional, Neumann, G., additional, Ozawa, M., additional, Hanson, A., additional, Zhong, G., additional, Fukuyama, S., additional, Kawakami, E., additional, Simmons, H. A., additional, Schenkman, D., additional, Brunner, K., additional, Capuano, S. V., additional, Weinfurter, J. T., additional, Kilander, A., additional, Dudman, S. G., additional, Suresh, M., additional, Hungnes, O., additional, Friedrich, T. C., additional, and Kawaoka, Y., additional

Published
2012
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67. Field measurements and numerical assessment of deformations induced by tunnel excavation in loose and coarse soils.

Author

Amamiya H., International Symposium on Hard Soils-Soft Rocks Naples, Italy 12-Oct-9814-Oct-98, Kawakami E., Miyagawa Y., Nagai T., Sakurai S., Amamiya H., International Symposium on Hard Soils-Soft Rocks Naples, Italy 12-Oct-9814-Oct-98, Kawakami E., Miyagawa Y., Nagai T., and Sakurai S.

Abstract

An investigation was made of the deformation characteristics of the Kubodaira twin road tunnel in Japan, a shallow tunnel in hard soils with boulders and erratics, under the protection of the Trevitub horizontal consolidation technique. It was concluded that both ground and support arch effects must be used not only in cross-section but also in longitudinal section. Urethane injection was useful for ensuring that enough pre-vaults were formed from individual columns. Steel supports with wing ribs were adopted to achieve sufficient bearing capacity of tunnel feet. There has to be enough overlap of the support vaults, whose length should have been around 6 m rather than the 3 m actually adopted. Reinforcement was carried out behind the tunnel face with shotcrete and/or rock bolts, to gain sufficient bearing capacity. The technique needs to be applied some distance ahead of the cross-section where surface settlement is to be controlled: in this tunnel, the distance was about three times tunnel diameter., An investigation was made of the deformation characteristics of the Kubodaira twin road tunnel in Japan, a shallow tunnel in hard soils with boulders and erratics, under the protection of the Trevitub horizontal consolidation technique. It was concluded that both ground and support arch effects must be used not only in cross-section but also in longitudinal section. Urethane injection was useful for ensuring that enough pre-vaults were formed from individual columns. Steel supports with wing ribs were adopted to achieve sufficient bearing capacity of tunnel feet. There has to be enough overlap of the support vaults, whose length should have been around 6 m rather than the 3 m actually adopted. Reinforcement was carried out behind the tunnel face with shotcrete and/or rock bolts, to gain sufficient bearing capacity. The technique needs to be applied some distance ahead of the cross-section where surface settlement is to be controlled: in this tunnel, the distance was about three times tunnel diameter.

Published
1998

73. Nitrogen Assimilation and Growth of Cotton Seedlings under Na Cl Salinity and in Response to Urea Application with NBPT and DCD.

Author

Kawakami, E. M., Oosterhuis, D. M., and Snider, J. L.

Subjects
*COTTON, *SEEDLINGS, *NITROGEN fertilizers, *CROP yields, *CROP growth, *UREA, *EFFECT of salt on plants, *ANTIOXIDANTS, *DICYANDIAMIDE
Abstract

Salinity stress and inefficient nitrogen fertilization adversely affect cotton growth and yield. The effect of salinity on the growth and stress response of cotton seedlings and the effect on N-use efficiency from the use of the inhibitors of urease ( NBPT) and nitrification ( DCD) under salinity stress were studied in growth chambers. The study consisted of three levels of salinity - low (0.45 dS m−1), moderate (8 dS m−1) and high (16 dS m−1) - and five N treatments - unfertilized control, 100 % N rate with urea, 80 % N rate with urea, 80 % N rate with urea + NBPT and 80 % N rate with urea + NBPT + DCD. The results indicated that salinity stress reduced plant growth (low leaf area and plant dry matter), decreased N assimilation (low NR, GS and protein), increased plant stress response (high GR and SOD), and decreased leaf chlorophyll, stomatal conductance and quantum yield. Addition of NBPT to urea improved N uptake by 22 % under low salinity; however, this effect was not observed with increasing salinity. No benefit of addition of DCD was observed in any of the parameters collected. In conclusion, salinity stress hindered the performance of the additive NBPT and negatively affected the growth and physiology of cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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84. A simple objective parameter for perfusion study of renal transplant.

Author

Koizumi, Kiyoshi, Kakiuchi, Hideo, Sacuchi, Toru, Inoue, Shingo, Fuse, Shuichiro, Kawakami, Etsuko, Yamazaki, Akira, Kozaki, Koichi, Nagao, Takeshi, Koizumi, K, Kakiuchi, H, Saguchi, T, Inoue, S, Fuse, S, Kawakami, E, Yamazaki, A, Kozaki, K, and Nagao, T

Abstract

We proposed a simple parameter, the kidney-to-aorta ratio (KAR), for evaluation of renal transplant perfusion. KAR was calculated from the peak counts of the kidney and the aorta. The calculated values were compared with the visual interpretation of the radionuclide first-pass flow study, percent renal uptake (%RU), and tubular extraction rate (TER) by Bubeck's one point sampling method in 37 studies. KAR correlated well with the visual interpretation of the flow study and the other quantitative parameters. Representative cases, which showed the usefulness of KAR for the objective assessment of the perfusion status of renal transplants, were presented. In conclusion, KAR is a simple and practically useful parameter for objective evaluation and follow-up of renal transplant perfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2001
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89. Dressed photon-orbital states in a quantum dot: Intervalley spin resonance

Author

Scarlino, Pasquale, Kawakami, E., Jullien, T., Ward, D. R., Savage, D. E., Lagally, M. G., Friesen, Mark, Coppersmith, S. N., Eriksson, M. A., and Vandersypen, L. M. K.

Abstract

The valley degree of freedom is intrinsic to spin qubits in Si/SiGe quantum dots. It has been viewed alternately as a hazard, especially when the lowest valley-orbit splitting is small compared to the thermal energy, or as an asset, most prominently in proposals to use the valley degree of freedom itself as a qubit. Here we present experiments in which microwave electric field driving induces transitions between both valley-orbit and spin states. We show that this system is highly nonlinear and can be understood through the use of dressed photon-orbital states, enabling a unified understanding of the six microwave resonance lines we observe. Some of these resonances are intervalley spin transitions that arise from a nonadiabatic process in which both the valley and the spin degree of freedom are excited simultaneously. For these transitions, involving a change in valley-orbit state, we find a tenfold increase in sensitivity to electric fields and electrical noise compared to pure spin transitions, strongly reducing the phase coherence when changes in valley-orbit index are incurred. In contrast to this nonadiabatic transition, the pure spin transitions, whether arising from harmonic or subharmonic generation, are shown to be adiabatic in the orbital sector. The nonlinearity of the system is most strikingly manifest in the observation of a dynamical anticrossing between a spin-flip, intervalley transition and a three-photon transition enabled by the strong nonlinearity we find in this seemly simple system.

100. HEAT STRESS-INDUCED CHANGES IN POLLEN TUBE GROWTH, CALCIUM LEVELS, ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE, AND SUPEROXIDE PRODUCTION IN COTTON PISTILS.

Author

Snider, J. L., Oosterhuis, D. M., Skulman, B. W., Kawakami, E. M., and Storch, D. K.

Abstract

Heat stress experienced by cotton plants during a typical growing season is major cause of disappointingly low yields, with a correlation existing between low yields and high temperature. Under stress, plants accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are capable of damaging nearly every organic component of a living cell. As a result, plants exposed to temperature stress respond with increased antioxidant enzyme activity. In contrast, NADPH oxidase (NOX) produces O2, which is needed to promote cell expansion during normal plant developmental processes, including pollen tube growth. Calcium enhances both antioxidant enzyme activity and NOX activity and is essential for pollen tube growth. To quantify the effects of heat stress on in vivo pollen tube growth, water-soluble and total calcium content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production in cotton pistils, cotton plants (ST4554 B2RF) were maintained at optimal day/night temperature regimes (30/20C) or exposed to heat stress (38/20C) conditions one week prior to flowering. Pollen tubes were visualized in ovules 24 h after anthesis via UV microscopy, and pollen performance was expressed as the ratio of fertilized ovules to total ovules per ovary. At flowering, pistil measurements included midday (1200 h) total and water soluble calcium content, glutathione reductase (GR) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and NOX activity. Heat stressed pistils had significantly lower pollen tube to ovule ratios, increased water-soluble calcium contents, higher GR activity, and lower NOX activity. There was no effect of high day temperature on total calcium content or SOD activity. We conclude that heat stress primarily limits reproductive success by decreasing in vivo pollen performance. We hypothesize that moderate heat stress causes a calcium-mediated increase in GR activity in the pistil, which interferes with pollen tube-localized NOX activity as the pollen tube extends through the stylar tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009

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